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Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers to strike men. Diet and lifestyle appear to have a significant impact on PCa biology and carcinogenesis. PCa is the major reason of death by cancer in men. Anti-PCa qualities like growth of tumor inhibition, induction of cell death, and angiogenesis and metastasis inhibition have all been studied in depth. Phytochemicals have been demonstrated to target androgen receptor (AR) signaling as well as PCa stem cells in a selection of investigations. Marine compounds have shown potential in the treatment of PCa. It is discussed in this article, some of the most promising bioactive natural and marine compounds for PCa prevention and treatment, as well as their specific methods of action. An emphasis on specific medicine is one of the future directions in the revolutionization of bioactive natural ingredients for PCa research and therapy. Advances in nanotechnology can enhance the bioavailability and specificity of bioactive substances for cancer cells, maximizing their therapeutic potential and enhancing patient treatment. Bioactive natural compounds represent an innovative field in the study and treatment of PCa. Promising results point to their potential to block cancer pathways and improve on already effective therapeutic approaches. As we advance, modified medicine, nanotechnology, and genomics methods will be fundamental in maximizing the efficacy of these natural substances and ultimately changing the treatment of PCa. But in order to close the gap between exciting findings and therapeutic application, more study, clinical trials, and effective activities are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutically important bioactive polyphenols were efficiently extracted from Garcinia indica using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique and investigated for its antioxidant and anticancer activities. Response surface methodology-based central composite face-centered experimental design and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system were efficiently applied to optimize the effect of UAE parameters for maximum recovery of bioactive polyphenols. The effect of process depending on variables such as ultrasound intensity (X1), methanol concentration (X2), pulse cycle (X3), particle size (X4) and temperature (X5) was studied to obtain highest yields of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC) and antioxidants. Under optimal condition, the effective combination of variables was observed in the range of X1: 80 W cm−2, X2: 75%, X3: 0.2, X4: 0.1–0.25 mm and X5: 60 °C. Under this optimum condition, the highest yields of TPC and TFC were found to be 698.4–732.76 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 67.1–72.67 mg rutin equivalent/g of extract. In addition, their antioxidant activities were found to be 62.5–68.31% 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging (DPPHsc), 65.26–69.08% 2,2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid scavenging (ABTSsc) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential value of 68.5–70.12 μg mol (Fe(II))/g. Experimental and predicted values were found to be identical under this optimum circumstance. Further, biological screening of optimally obtained extract displayed a significant anticancer activity against human adenoma breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to formulate and characterize the folate receptor-targeted PEGylated liposome encapsulating bioactive compounds from Kappaphycus alvarezii to enhance the anticancer activity. Twenty valued bioactive compounds (3-hydroxy benzoicacid, gallicacid, chlorogenicacid, cinnamicacid, artemiseole, hydrazine carbothioamide, etc.,) are confirmed from methanol extract of K. alvarezii using analytical techniques like HPLC and GC–MS. The delivery of bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii via naturally overexpressed folate receptor (FR) to FR-positive breast cancer cells was studied. FR targeted PEGylated liposome was constructed by modified thin-film hydration technique using FA-PEG-DSPE/cholesterol/DSPC (5:40:55) and bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii was encapsulated. Their morphology, size, shape, physiological stability and drug release kinetics were studied. The study reports of K. alvarezii extract-encapsulated PEGylated liposome showed spherical shaped particles with amorphous in nature. The mean diameter of K. alvarezii extract–encapsulated PEGylated and FA-conjugated PEGylated liposomes was found to be 110 ± 6 nm and 140 ± 5 nm, respectively. Based on the stability studies, it could be confirmed that FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome was highly stable in various physiological buffer medium. FA-conjugated PEGylated liposome can steadily release the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract in acidic medium (pH 5.4). MTT assay demonstrated the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells after 24 h with IC50 of 81 µg/mL. Also, PEGylated liposome enhanced the delivery of K. alvarezii extract in MCF-7 cells. After treatment, typical apoptotic morphology of condensed nuclei and distorted membrane bodies was picturized. Additionally, PEGylated liposome targets the mitochondria of MCF-7 cells and significantly increased the level of ROS and contributes to the damage of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Hence, PEGylated liposome could positively deliver the bioactive compounds of K. alvarezii extract into FR-positive breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and exhibit great potential in anticancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced cancer treatment remains as one of the focused areas for researchers around the world. Hence, the progress in this direction will be a challenge and an opportunity in, inter‐disciplinary field to mitigate the suffering of millions in the upcoming decades. As we see, cancer death rate has also progressively increased despite the current impressive treatment regimens but also due to the non‐availability of vaccines and the re‐occurring of cancer in substantially recovered patients. Currently, numerous treatment strategies like surgical removal of solid tumors followed by radiation with a combination of immunotherapy/chemotherapy by the researchers and clinicians are routinely being followed. However, recurrence and distant metastasis often occur following radiation therapy, commonly due to the generation of radio‐resistance through deregulation of the cell cycle, cell death, and inhibition of DNA damage repair mechanisms. Thus, chemotherapeutic/immunotherapeutic treatment systems have progressed remarkably in the latest years owing to destroying tumors, noninvasive, and affordable charge of therapy. But, traditional chemotherapeutic approaches target the DNA of mutated and normal healthy cells, resulting in a significantly increased risk of toxicity and drug resistance. Thus, many receptors targeted therapies are in the developmental phase of discovery. Cancer cells have a specialized set of surface receptors that provide potential targets for cancer therapeutics. Cell surface receptor‐dependent endocytosis is well a known major mechanism for the internalization of macromolecular drugs. This review emphasizes the recent development of several surface receptors mediated cancer‐targeting approaches for the effective delivery of various therapeutic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Cancer is a complex neoplastic disorder. Globally, it is said to be the second leading cause of death. Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the prescribing pattern, adverse drug reactions, potential drug-drug interactions and psychological distress in cancer patients. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study was carried out on 65 cancer patients for 6 months at Erode Cancer Centre. Methods and Material: A socio-demographic questionnaire, Naranjo's and Hartwig's scales to evaluate the probability and severity of adverse drug reactions and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 for psychological distress were used. Potential Drug-Drug Interactions were examined by Micromedex®. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive analysis was performed and outcomes were presented in percentage. Results: Most of the study participants had carcinoma cervix 10(15.3%). The most frequently prescribed anticancer drug was cisplatin 48(73.8%). Cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin 6(46.1%) was found mostly of the 13 PDDIs identified. ADRs were commonly experienced with mucositis 18(25%), alopecia 11(15.2%) and vomiting 10(13.8%). 63(87.5%) were probable ADRs and 54(75%) were found to be moderate in severity. The overall psychological distress showed 70.7% depression, 77% anxiety and 66.1% stress. Conclusion: To prevent morbidity and mortality among cancer patients, due consideration should be provided to monitor the rational use of drugs. Proper screening of PDDIs and spontaneous reporting of ADRs can be emphasized by health care professionals with psychosocial care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)-loaded in situ gel with voriconazole drug was formulated. Further, the formulation was characterized for pH, gelling capacity, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, drug content, and viscosity. Voriconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat various infections caused by yeast or other types of fungi. Film hydration technique was used to prepared SLNs from lecithin and cholesterol. Based on the entrapment efficiency 67.2-97.3% and drug release, the optimized formulation NF1 of SLNs was incorporated into in situ gels. The in situ gels were prepared using viscosity-enhancing polymers such as Carbopol and (hydroxypropyl) methyl cellulose (HPMC). Formulated SLN in situ gel formulations were characterized, which showed pH 4.9-7.1, drug content 65.69-96.3% and viscosity (100 rpm) 120-620 cps. From the characterizations given above, F6 was optimized and evaluated for microbial assay and ocular irritation studies. Microbial assay was conducted by the cup-plate method using Candida albicans as the test organism. An ocular irritation study was conducted on albino rabbits. The results revealed that there was no ocular damage to the cornea, conjunctiva, or iris. Stability studies were carried out on the F6 formulation for 3 months, which showed that the formulation had good stability. These results indicate that the studied SLNs-loaded in situ gel is a promising vehicle for ocular delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]