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As promising photovoltaic materials, halide perovskites display large structural modifiability specific to their organic‐inorganic hybrid lattices, thus providing key to unlock many enhanced and novel physical properties. In particular, hybrid perovskites exhibit extraordinary functional responses to mechanical stimulation due to their soft lattices. However, a general pattern describing the evolution of perovskite properties under pressure is missing, rendering such research without theoretical guidance and further the optimization of optoelectronic performance. Here, a framework delineating the pressure‐dependent evolutions of lattice structure, bandgap, and photoluminescence (PL) across four distinct regions in all perovskites assuming 3D and 2D structures is unveiled, accrediting long‐range disorderness to be the common origin of bandgap blueshift, PL annihilation, and structural amorphization. Using such developed model as an instructional guideline, an optical bandgap and luminescent evolutions in quasi‐2D tin(II) iodide perovskites are revealed, where (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)Sn2I7 (C4H9NH3+: butylammonium; CH3NH3+: methylammonium) is found to be the softest perovskite (bulk modulus ≈4.8 GPa) known so far. By meticulously choosing appropriate peak pressure ≈4 GPa, (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)Sn2I7 shows irreversible defect healing (carrier lifetime prolongation from 7 to 22 ns) and permanent PL enhancement upon decompression to ambient condition, signifying practicality of the pressure‐driven behaviors unveiled in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymers undergoing controlled degradation are of significant current interest. Among the classes of degradable polymers, self-immolative polymers (SIPs) are attracting increasing attention due to their ability to completely depolymerize from end to end following the cleavage of their endcap or backbone. Their amplified responses to stimuli, along with their ability to readily tune the stimulus to which they respond by changing only their endcap, are useful features for a variety of applications. This review covers the major classes of SIPs, including poly(benzyl carbamate)s, poly(benzyl ether)s, polyphthalaldehydes, polyglyoxylates, polydisulfides, polythioesters, and their related derivatives along with their endcaps. Distinctive features of their syntheses and depolymerizations are discussed. Applications of SIPs including imaging and sensing, therapeutics, gels, micro- and nanopatterning, transient or recyclable materials, and adhesives are described. We conclude with some challenges and future perspectives for the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The precise, controllable, and safe application of pesticides can effectively reduce pesticide consumption and minimize chemical pollution at the source. Here, a light‐responsive controlled‐release system with flexible control, precise release, easy recovery, and suitability for future pesticide application in aquatic environments is proposed. The system precisely controls the release of pesticides through a light‐responsive composite nanochannel membrane (CTC@SNM/PET) with reactive coumarin derivatives (CTC) as gating molecules. The prepared nanochannel membrane has an ultrathin thickness of 67.5 nm and well‐ordered vertical nanochannels with a uniform size of 1.9 nm, providing a prerequisite for precise molecular gating and high permeability for mass transport. CTC monomers can realize cycloaddition/cyclocracking and nanochannel closing/opening to control the release of pesticides by controlling 365/254 nm ultraviolet light irradiation. As a proof of concept, the light‐responsive controlled‐release system based on CTC@MSF/PET against Saprolegnia parasitica achieves an inhibition rate of more than 95% and reduces pesticide residues by 56.5% compared to the control group. The proposed membrane system has great application potential to easily enable remote, quantitative, timed, and positioned pesticide application, thereby reducing pesticide residues and providing a prospective approach to reducing environmental and human risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Most cases of delayed wound healing are associated with bacterial biofilm infections due to high antibiotic resistance. To improve patient compliance and recovery rates, it is critical to develop minimally invasive and efficient methods to eliminate bacterial biofilms as an alternative to clinical debridement techniques. Herein, we develop a dissolving microneedle system containing Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs)-decorated silk fibroin microspheres (SFM-AgNPs) and antibiotics for synergistic treatment of bacterial biofilm infection. Silk fibroin microspheres (SFM) are controllably prepared in an incompatible system formed by a mixture of protein and carbohydrate solutions by using a mild all-aqueous phase method and serve as biological templates for the synthesis of AgNPs. The SFM-AgNPs exert dose- and time-dependent broad-spectrum antibacterial effects by inducing bacterial adhesion. The combination of SFM-AgNPs with antibiotics breaks the limitation of the antibacterial spectrum and achieves better efficacy with reduced antibiotic dosage. Using hyaluronic acid (HA) as the soluble matrix, the microneedle system containing SFM-AgNPs and anti-Gram-positive coccus drug (Mupirocin) inserts into the bacterial biofilms with sufficient strength, thereby effectively delivering the antibacterial agents and realizing good antibiofilm effect on Staphylococcus aureus -infected wounds. This work demonstrates the great potential for the development of novel therapeutic systems for eradicating bacterial biofilm infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardamine violifolia, a species belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is a novel vegetable crop that is rich in glucosinolates. However, the specific glucosinolate profiles in this species remain unknown. In the present study, four parts of C. violifolia were collected including central leaves (CLs), outer leaves (OLs), petiole (P), and root (R). The highest level of total glucosinolate was observed in the R. A total of 19 glucosinolates were found in C. violifolia. The predominant glucosinolate compounds were 3-methylbutyl glucosinolate, 6-methylsulfinylhexyl glucosinolate, Indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin. A transcriptome analysis showed that 16 genes, including BCAT1, BCAT3-6, CYP79A2, CYP79B2-3, CYP83A1, CYP83B1, and SOT17-18, and nine metabolites, such as valine, tryptophan, and 1-methylpropyl glucosinolate, were enriched in the glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway. These genes may be involved in the regulation of glucosinolate accumulation among the four parts. A weighted gene co-expression analysis showed that five genes were predicted to regulate glucosinolate accumulation, including ABC transporter G family member 19, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 19, and pyruvate decarboxylase 1. This study deepens our understanding of the nutrient quality of C. violifolia and provides insights into the regulatory mechanism of glucosinolate accumulation in C. violifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: The fundamental properties of electric dipoles and their specific roles in perovskite solar cells are discussed. Research progress of interfacial dipoles in perovskite solar cells is summarized. Challenges of deterministic characterization of electric dipoles and future perspectives are highlighted. Design and modification of interfaces have been the main strategies in developing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among the interfacial treatments, dipole molecules have emerged as a practical approach to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs due to their unique and versatile abilities to control the interfacial properties. Despite extensive applications in conventional semiconductors, working principles and design of interfacial dipoles in the performance/stability enhancement of PSCs are lacking an insightful elucidation. In this review, we first discuss the fundamental properties of electric dipoles and the specific roles of interfacial dipoles in PSCs. Then we systematically summarize the recent progress of dipole materials in several key interfaces to achieve efficient and stable PSCs. In addition to such discussions, we also dive into reliable analytical techniques to support the characterization of interfacial dipoles in PSCs. Finally, we highlight future directions and potential avenues for research in the development of dipolar materials through tailored molecular designs. Our review sheds light on the importance of continued efforts in this exciting emerging field, which holds great potential for the development of high-performance and stable PSCs as commercially demanded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photovoltaic (PV) performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has rapidly advanced in the recent years; yet, the stability issue remains one of the last‐mile challenges on the road to commercialization. Charge transport layers and their interfaces with perovskites stand for critical tuning knobs that determine the device stability of PSCs. This review focuses on the effects of modification of SnO2 electron transport layers (ETLs) on the interfacial physicochemical properties and stability of PSC devices. In detail, the intrinsic defects, surface hydroxyls, and nonuniform morphology of SnO2 will negatively impact its interfacial physicochemical properties, thus degrading the device stability of PSCs. To tackle these existing issues, three modification approaches, such as surface morphology control, surface physicochemical modifications, and surface composite‐structure design, are categorized. Lastly, future perspectives in further promoting the stability of PSCs from SnO2 ETLs are raised based on the currently unresolved issues from both material and device levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Second-order correlation [ g 2 (τ) ] measurement has been utilized to characterize a nanolaser with high spontaneous emission coupling factor. Pulse excitation with low repetition rate is usually preferred for nanolasers due to its heat accumulation or photobleaching induced problem; however, introducing pulse-to-pulse timing jitter issue hinders the g 2 (τ) measurement from functioning. Here, a jitter-calibrated method is proposed by adding an extra reference time channel so that the g 2 (τ) can be calculated accurately. To verify the validity of this calibration method, the lasing threshold of a CdSe nanowire excited by a pulsed laser with a repetition rate of 1 kHz is studied. The descent of g 2 (0) to 1 coincides with the kink in light-in vs light-out curve, which confirms the effectiveness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combat against contamination by trace amounts of water and bacteria in aviation fuel remains a challenge, necessitating a comprehensive strategy. Here, a superamphophilic antimicrobial membrane is developed by featuring a stable zinc-coordinated polydopamine metallo-polymeric framework (PDA/Zn) on the skeleton of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) non-woven fabric. The formation of the PDA/Zn framework is streamlined through dopamine polymerization synchronized with metallo-ion coordination. This work delves into the intrinsic stability and superamphiphilic properties of the PDA/Zn framework, as well as systematically investigates its performance in fuel dehydration and carbophilus elimination. The resulting membrane exhibits a high gravity-driven flux and achieves a significant reduction in water content to below 10 ppm in aviation fuel, attributed to a demulsification and aggregation mechanism. Furthermore, our findings highlight the nearly complete antibacterial multifunctionality of the proposed membrane. It effectively prevents bacterial attachment at the liquid-solid interface and brings about bacterial eradication through the presence of Zn2+ ions and the mechanical puncturing effect of nanostructure cusps. This work not only advances applications in water dehydration and bacterial elimination but also pioneers opportunities for designing advanced functional membranes with multifaceted functionalities, including anti-fouling, self-cleaning, and antimicrobial properties, setting the stage for broader applications in membrane field. [Display omitted] • The high-flux nanocoating-engineered membrane could remove the water below 10 ppm in fuel. • The proposed membrane possesses an antibacterial multifunctionality: preventing attachment and mechanically killing. • The nanocoating consists of zinc-coordinated metallo-polymeric framework. • The nanocoating is prepared via one-step method of dopamine polymerization with metallo-ion coordination. • The nanocoating process excellent stability, superamphiphilic and antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The original article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01131-4.Correction to: Nano-Micro Lett. (2023) 15:173https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01131-4.In the version of this Article originally published online, there was an error in the schematics of Figures 2b and 2c. These errors have now been corrected in the original article.GraphOriginal and corrected of Figures 2b and 2c.By Yinyi Ma; Jue Gong; Peng Zeng and Mingzhen LiuReported by Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

Layered halide perovskites (LHPs) with crystallographically 2D structures have gained increasing interest for photovoltaic applications due to their superior chemical stability and intriguing anisotropic properties, which are in contrast to their conventional 3D perovskite counterparts. The most frequently studied LHPs are Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases, which suffer from a carrier‐transport bottleneck due to the van der Waals gap associated with their intrinsic organic interlayer structures. To address this issue, Dion–Jacobson (DJ) and alternating‐cation‐interlayer (ACI) LHPs have rapidly emerged, which exhibit unique structural and (opto)electronic characteristics that may resemble those of the 3D counterparts owing to the eliminated or reduced van der Waals gap. Improved photophysical properties have been achieved in DJ and ACI LHPs, leading towards better photovoltaic performance. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion on the merits and promises of DJ and ACI LHPs from a chemistry perspective. Then, we review recent progress on the synthesis and tailoring of DJ and ACI LHP crystals and thin films, as well as their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. Finally, we discuss possible pathways to overcome critical challenges to realize the full potential of DJ and ACI LHPs for high‐performance solar cells and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered halide perovskites (LHPs) with crystallographically 2D structures have gained increasing interest for photovoltaic applications due to their superior chemical stability and intriguing anisotropic properties, which are in contrast to their conventional 3D perovskite counterparts. The most frequently studied LHPs are Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phases, which suffer from a carrier‐transport bottleneck due to the van der Waals gap associated with their intrinsic organic interlayer structures. To address this issue, Dion–Jacobson (DJ) and alternating‐cation‐interlayer (ACI) LHPs have rapidly emerged, which exhibit unique structural and (opto)electronic characteristics that may resemble those of the 3D counterparts owing to the eliminated or reduced van der Waals gap. Improved photophysical properties have been achieved in DJ and ACI LHPs, leading towards better photovoltaic performance. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion on the merits and promises of DJ and ACI LHPs from a chemistry perspective. Then, we review recent progress on the synthesis and tailoring of DJ and ACI LHP crystals and thin films, as well as their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. Finally, we discuss possible pathways to overcome critical challenges to realize the full potential of DJ and ACI LHPs for high‐performance solar cells and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soft nature of organic–inorganic halide perovskites renders their lattice particularly tunable to external stimuli such as pressure, undoubtedly offering an effective way to modify their structure for extraordinary optoelectronic properties. Here, using the methylammonium lead iodide as a representative exploratory platform, it is observed that the pressure‐driven lattice disorder can be significantly suppressed via hydrogen isotope effect, which is crucial for better optical and mechanical properties previously unattainable. By a comprehensive in situ neutron/synchrotron‐based analysis and optical characterizations, a remarkable photoluminescence (PL) enhancement by threefold is convinced in deuterated CD3ND3PbI3, which also shows much greater structural robustness with retainable PL after high peak‐pressure compression–decompression cycle. With the first‐principles calculations, an atomic level understanding of the strong correlation among the organic sublattice and lead iodide octahedral framework and structural photonics is proposed, where the less dynamic CD3ND3+ cations are vital to maintain the long‐range crystalline order through steric and Coulombic interactions. These results also show that CD3ND3PbI3‐based solar cell has comparable photovoltaic performance as CH3NH3PbI3‐based device but exhibits considerably slower degradation behavior, thus representing a paradigm by suggesting isotope‐functionalized perovskite materials for better materials‐by‐design and more stable photovoltaic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

p–p orbital interaction through Mg(II) isovalent doping in methylammonium lead chloride perovskite significantly enhances the electronic properties while not affecting the optical bandgap. This chemical behaviour shows promising applications to optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Depression is often accompanied by thoughts of self-harm, which are a strong predictor of subsequent suicide attempt and suicide death. Few empirical data are available regarding the temporal correlation between depression symptoms and suicidal ideation. We investigated the anecdotal concern that suicidal ideation may increase during a period of depression improvement. Data: Longitudinal Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 is a questionnaire of 9 multiple-choice questions to assess the frequency of depressive symptoms within the previous two weeks. We analyzed a chronic depression treatment population’s electronic health record (EHR) data, containing 610 patients’ longitudinal PHQ-9 scores (62% age 45 and older; 68% female) within 40 weeks. Methods: The irregular and sparse EHR data were transformed into continuous trajectories using Gaussian process regression. We first estimated the correlations between the symptoms (total score of the first 8 questions; PHQ-8) and suicide ideation (9th question score; Item 9) using the cross-correlation function. We then used an artificial neural network (ANN) to discover subtypes of depression patterns from the fitted depression trajectories. In addition, we conducted a separate analysis using the unfitted raw PHQ scores to examine PHQ-8’s and Item 9’s pattern changes. Results: Results showed that the majority of patients’ PHQ-8 and Item 9 scores displayed strong temporal correlations. We found five patterns in the PHQ-8 and the Item 9 trajectories. We also found 8% - 13% of the patients have experienced an increase in suicidal ideation during the improvement of their PHQ-8. Using a trajectory-based method for subtype pattern detection in depression progression, we provided a better understanding of temporal correlations between depression symptoms over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a simple technique for the realization of fiber-based Fabry-Pérot microcavities with large Q/V values as well as high cavity-to-fiber coupling efficiencies. The open microcavity we demonstrate consists of a flat mirror and a concave mirror on the tip of a single mode optical fiber. Combining hydrofluoric acid chemical wet etching with CO2 laser reflow, we obtain a fiber-tip atomically smooth concave surface with a diameter of 4.7 μm determined by the fiber core size. The concave surface with a spherical profile is automatically aligned with the fiber core, which enables high cavity-to-fiber power coupling efficiency (higher than 90%) with an optimal fiber-tip mirror's radius of curvature based on numerical simulation results. After distributed-Bragg-reflector coating, we have realized a wavelength-tunable open microcavity with a quality factor Q exceeding 1000 and a mode volume V of 13.6 μm3, and laser emission is demonstrated from this microcavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bending losses of sharply bent optical nanofibers or nanowires coupling with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) are investigated using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Relying on the ultra-tight optical confinement of the Au NPs, bending losses of the sharply bent optical nanofibers or nanowires can be effectively reduced by attaching Au NPs to the inner edge of the bent nanofibers or nanowires. At 650-nm wavelength, a bending-loss reduction of 4.7 dB/90° is obtained for a 300-nm-diameter SiO 2 nanofiber coupling with seven 140-nm-diameter Au NPs when the bending radius is 1.0 μ m. Our results suggest a potential route to realizing sharply-bent optical nanofibers or nanowires with acceptable bending losses for constructing highly compact photonic integrated circuits or devices. • Reduction of bending loss in sharply bent optical nanofiber by coupling with Au nanoparticles is proposed. • By optimizing the size, the position and the number of Au nanoparticles, the bending loss of a nanofiber can be effectively reduced. • This method is also applicable to sharply bent planar nanowaveguides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of low‐dose flat‐panel X‐ray detection and imaging, controlling dark current is pivotal. Modulating the bandgap and resistivity of photosensitive materials is one of the methods to reduce dark current. The study introduces a novel approach by first demonstrating a non‐perovskite orthorhombic phase δ‐CsPbI2Br thick film, fabricated using an innovative elastic molecular‐assisted coating strategy. This technique results in a material with an optimized bandgap of 2.30 eV and a significantly elevated resistivity of 2.42 × 10¹⁰ Ω cm. Consequently, this leads to an ultralow dark current of 1.34 nA cm⁻2. Leveraging this advancement, the developed X‐ray detectors showcase a groundbreaking low detection limit of 53 nGyair s⁻¹, surpassing the performance of their cubic‐phase counterparts. Remarkably, the material exhibits excellent phase stability, maintaining its properties for up to 80 days. By integrating with a thin‐film transistor array, a flat‐panel X‐ray detector that delivers high‐quality 8‐bit imaging across a 64 × 64 matrix is successfully engineered. This work not only presents a transformative approach to substantially reduce dark current in low‐dose X‐ray detection but also sets a new benchmark in the field by combining enhanced imaging capability with robust long‐term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are increasingly gaining attention due to its characteristics of low toxicity, high activity, and stability. Additionally, Bacillus licheniformis, as a probiotic, has achieved remarkable research outcomes in diverse fields such as medicine, feed processing, and pesticides, attracting widespread attention. Consequently, evaluating the activity of probiotics and SeNPs is paramount. The utilization of probiotics to synthesize SeNPs, achieving large-scale industrialization, is a current hotspot in the field of SeNPs synthesis and is currently the most promising synthetic method. To minimize production costs and maximize yield of SeNPs, this study selected agricultural by-products that are nutrient-rich, cost-effective, and readily available as culture medium components. This approach not only fulfills industrial production requirements but also mitigates the impact on downstream processes. Results: The experimental findings revealed that SeNPs synthesized by B. licheniformis F1 exhibited a spherical morphology with diameters ranging from 110 to 170 nm and demonstrating high stability. Both the secondary metabolites of B. licheniformis F1 and the synthesized SeNPs possessed significant free radical scavenging ability. To provide a more robust foundation for acquiring large quantities of SeNPs via fermentation with B. licheniformis F1, key factors were identified through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) include a 2% seed liquid inoculum, a temperature of 37 ℃, and agitation at 180 rpm. Additionally, critical factors during the optimization process were corn powder (11.18 g/L), soybean meal (10.34 g/L), and NaCl (10.68 g/L). Upon validating the optimized conditions and culture medium, B. licheniformis F1 can synthesize nearly 100.00% SeNPs from 5 mmol/L sodium selenite. Subsequently, pilot-scale verification in a 5 L fermentor using the optimized medium resulted in a shortened fermentation time, significantly reducing production costs. Conclusion: In this study, the efficient production of SeNPs by the probiotic B. licheniformis F1 was successfully achieved, leading to a significant reduction in fermentation costs. The exploration of the practical applications of this strain holds significant potential and provides valuable guidance for facilitating the industrial-scale implementation of microbial synthesis of SeNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide Perovskites: Suppressed Lattice Disorder for Large Emission Enhancement and Structural Robustness in Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskite Discovered by High-Pressure Isotope Effect (Adv. Funct. Perovskite, high-pressure, bandgap, mechanical and optical properties, stability Keywords: perovskite; high-pressure; bandgap; mechanical and optical properties; stability EN perovskite high-pressure bandgap mechanical and optical properties stability 1 1 1 02/26/21 20210224 NES 210224 In article number 2009131, Gang Liu and co-workers conduct high-pressure isotope research to discover a significantly suppressed lattice disorder realized by H/D substitution in hybrid halide perovskites, which reveals large emission enhancement and strong structural robustness in isotope-functionalized perovskite materials. [Extracted from the article]

Nanowire lasers hold great potential as nanoscale coherent light sources. The rapid wavelength tuning of such light sources is one of the most important parameters for practical applications. Although significant efforts have been made in the past decades, the fast and reversible lasing wavelength tuning in nanowires or structures alike remains a challenge. Here, by incorporating temperature‐dependent Varshni shift of the bandgap with ultralow thermal inertia of a free‐standing cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowire, a fast lasing wavelength tuning in single nanowires with excellent reversibility is demonstrated. Above room temperature, a Varshni shift rate (≈0.16 nm K−1) twice larger than that at low temperature (≈ 0.085 nm K−1) is observed, and the nanowire lasing peak is tuned from 514 to 549 nm with step down to 0.075 nm K−1. Using a beam of CO2 laser pulses to instantaneously modulate the temperature of a free‐standing lasing nanowire, a reversible wavelength tuning at a rate of ≈48 000 nm s−1, which is about three orders of magnitude faster than that reported previously is achieved. The results herein suggest a very promising route to fast wavelength tuning in lasing nanowires or other nanostructures, which may lead to fast tunable nanolasers for a variety of nanophotonic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acting as a growth regulator, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an important phytohormone that can be produced by several Bacillus species. However, few studies have been published on the comprehensive evaluation of the strains for practical applications and the effects of selenium species on their IAA-producing ability. The present study showed the selenite reduction strain Bacillus altitudinis LH18, which is capable of producing selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) at a high yield in a cost-effective manner. Bio-SeNPs were systematically characterized by using DLS, zeta potential, SEM, and FTIR. The results showed that these bio-SeNPs were small in particle size, homogeneously dispersed, and highly stable. Significantly, the IAA-producing ability of strain was differently affected under different selenium species. The addition of SeNPs and sodium selenite resulted in IAA contents of 221.7 µg/mL and 91.01 µg/mL, respectively, which were 3.23 and 1.33 times higher than that of the control. This study is the first to examine the influence of various selenium species on the IAA-producing capacity of Bacillus spp., providing a theoretical foundation for the enhancement of the IAA-production potential of microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary trastuzumab resistance represents an evolutionary adaptation of HER2‐positive breast cancer during anti‐HER2 treatment. Most current studies have tended to prioritize HER2 and its associated signaling pathways, often overlooking broader but seemingly less relevant cellular processes, along with their associated genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Here, transcriptome data is not only characterized but also examined epigenomic and 3D genome architecture information in both trastuzumab‐sensitive and secondary‐resistant breast cancer cells. The findings reveal that the global metabolic reprogramming associated with trastuzumab resistance may stem from genome‐wide alterations in both histone modifications and chromatin structure. Specifically, the transcriptional activities of key genes involved in lipid metabolism appear to be regulated by variant promoter H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 modifications, as well as promoter‐enhancer interactions. These discoveries offer valuable insights into how cancer cells adapt to anti‐tumor drugs and have the potential to impact future diagnostic and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: tRF-27 has been identified as upregulated in both naïve trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells and patient samples, positioning it as a potential biomarker. However, the underlying mechanisms of this upregulation remain unclear. This study proposes that the abnormal transcription of specific tRNA-Cys-GCA isodecoders in naïve trastuzumab-resistant cells might contribute to the accumulation of tRF-27. Additionally, the reduction in H3K27me3 modifications at these tRNA genes, attributed to imbalances in histone modification enzymes, appears to influence tRNA transcription alterations. Building upon these findings, our research demonstrates that the application of a demethylase inhibitor may offer a potential strategy to overcome trastuzumab resistance. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) play crucial roles in cancer progression. Among them, tRF-27 has been identified as a key factor in promoting naïve trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer. However, the origin of tRF-27 remains uncertain. In this study, we propose that the upregulated expression of specific cysteine tRNAs may lead to the increased accumulation of tRF-27 in trastuzumab-resistant JIMT1 cells. Mechanistically, the reduced inhibitory H3K27me3 modification at the promoter regions of tRF-27-related tRNA genes in JIMT1 cells, potentially resulting from decreased EZH2 and increased KDM6A activity, may be a critical factor stimulating the transcriptional activity of these tRNA genes. Our research offers fresh insights into the mechanisms underlying elevated tRF-27 levels in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cells and suggests potential strategies to mitigate trastuzumab resistance in clinical treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) have aroused much attentions in recent years. One of keys for achieving highly efficient and stable TSCs is to guarantee effective charge transfer, especially on the rough textured silicon substrate due to the poor adhesion between interlayers. Here, a 2‐fluoroisonicotinic acid (2‐FNA) additive that possesses fluorine (‐F), carboxylic acid (‐COOH), and pyridine nitrogen as functional groups in the perovskite precursor to assist the crystallization process is utilized. It shows that 2‐FNA can efficiently reduce the defects and suppress non‐radiative recombination of perovskite layers by bonding with the uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, formamidinium (FA+), and halide vacancies, leading to notably prolonged carrier lifetime. Most importantly, this found that 2‐FNA aids in the formation of better interfacial contact between the perovskite and C60 layer on top, thus enhancing the interfacial electron extraction therein, eventually leading to an increased power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.61% on champion perovskite/silicon TSCs from 27.08% on control counterparts. This work provides a practical route to further advance the PV performance and applicability of perovskite/silicon TSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites such as methylammonium lead iodide have emerged as promising semiconductors for energy‐relevant applications. The interactions between charge carriers and lattice vibrations, giving rise to polarons, have been invoked to explain some of their extraordinary optoelectronic properties. Here, time‐resolved optical spectroscopy is performed, with off‐resonant pumping and electronic probing, to examine several representative lead iodide perovskites. The temporal oscillations of electronic bandgaps induced by coherent lattice vibrations are reported, which is attributed to antiphase octahedral rotations that dominate in the examined 3D and 2D hybrid perovskites. The off‐resonant pumping scheme permits a simplified observation of changes in the bandgap owing to the Ag vibrational mode, which is qualitatively different from vibrational modes of other symmetries and without increased complexity of photogenerated electronic charges. The work demonstrates a strong correlation between the lead–iodide octahedral framework and electronic transitions, and provides further insights into the manipulation of coherent optical phonons and related properties in hybrid perovskites on ultrafast timescales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perennial trees develop and coordinate endogenous response signaling pathways, including their crosstalk and convergence, to cope with various environmental stresses which occur simultaneously in most cases. These processes are involved in gene transcriptional regulations that depend on dynamic interactions between regulatory proteins and corresponding chromatin regions, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood in trees. In this study, we detected chromatin regulatory landscapes of poplar under abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and sodium chloride (NaCl) treatment, through integrating ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data. Our results showed that the degree of chromatin accessibility for a given gene is closely related to its expression level. However, unlike the gene expression that shows treatment-specific response patterns, changes in chromatin accessibility exhibit high similarities under these treatments. We further proposed and experimentally validated that a homologous gene copy of RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 mediates the crosstalk between jasmonic acid and NaCl signaling pathways by directly regulating the stress-responsive genes and that circadian clock-related transcription factors like REVEILLE8 play a central role in response of poplar to these treatments. Overall, our study provides a chromatin insight into the molecular mechanism of transcription regulatory networks in response to different environmental stresses and raises the key roles of the circadian clock of poplar to adapt to adverse environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bond length and bond angle exhibited by valence electrons is essential to the core of chemistry. Using lead-based organic-inorganic perovskite compounds as an exploratory platform, it is demonstrated that the modulation of valence electrons by compression can lead to discovery of new properties of known compounds. Yet, despite its unprecedented progress, further efficiency boost of lead-based organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells is hampered by their wider bandgap than the optimum value according to the Shockley-Queisser limit. By modulating the valence electron wavefunction with modest hydraulic pressure up to 2.1 GPa, the optimized bandgap for single-junction solar cells in lead-based perovskites, for the first time, is achieved by narrowing the bandgap of formamidinium lead triiodide (HC(NH2)2PbI3) from 1.489 to 1.337 eV. Strikingly, such bandgap narrowing is partially retained after the release of pressure to ambient, and the bandgap narrowing is also accompanied with double-prolonged carrier lifetime. With First-principles simulation, this work opens a new dimension in basic chemical understanding of structural photonics and electronics and paves an alternative pathway toward better photovoltaic materials-by-design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of materials with highly selective recognition towards Hg2+ is of great significance in environmental monitoring. Herein, a novel thermo-responsive copolymer with Hg2+ recognition property is prepared via thermally-initiated copolymerization of 5′-O-Acryloyl 5-methyl-uridine (APU) and N -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM). The chemical structure and stimuli-sensitive properties of poly(N -isopropylacrylamide- co -5-methyl-uridine) (P(NIPAM- co -APU)) linear polymers and hydrogel are thoroughly investigated. At the supramolecular level, P(NIPAM- co -APU) linear polymers could respond to both temperature and Hg2+ stimuli with highly selective recognition towards Hg2+ over other 18 metal ion species (at least 5 fold difference) and common anions. Upon capturing Hg2+ by APU units as host metal receptors, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of P(NIPAM- co -APU, PNU-7 and PNU-11) linear polymers are significantly shifted more than 10 °C due to the formation of stable APU -Hg2+- APU directed host-guest complexes. Accordingly, at the macroscopic level, P(NIPAM- co -APU) hydrogel display selective and robust recognition of Hg2+ under optimum conditions, and its maximum Hg2+ uptake capacity was 33.1 mg g−1. This work provides a new option for Hg2+ recognition with high selectivity, which could be facilely integrated with other smart systems to achieve satisfactory detection of environmental Hg2+. [Display omitted] • Thermo and ion-responsive polymers were synthesized by copolymerization of APU and NIPAM. • The linear copolymers have a highly selective recognition of mercury ions. • The different stabilities of divers metal-mediated base-pairs were rationalized by theoretical calculation. • The hydrogels can be recycled for highly selective recognition of mercury ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two pseudohalide thiocyanate ions (SCN−) have been used to replace two iodides in CH3NH3PbI3, and the resulting perovskite material was used as the active material in solar cells. In accelerated stability tests, the CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I perovskite films were shown to be superior to the conventional CH3NH3PbI3 films as no significant degradation was observed after the film had been exposed to air with a relative humidity of 95 % for over four hours, whereas CH3NH3PbI3 films degraded in less than 1.5 hours. Solar cells based on CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I thin films exhibited an efficiency of 8.3 %, which is comparable to that of CH3NH3PbI3 based cells fabricated in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two pseudohalide thiocyanate ions (SCN−) have been used to replace two iodides in CH3NH3PbI3, and the resulting perovskite material was used as the active material in solar cells. In accelerated stability tests, the CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I perovskite films were shown to be superior to the conventional CH3NH3PbI3 films as no significant degradation was observed after the film had been exposed to air with a relative humidity of 95 % for over four hours, whereas CH3NH3PbI3 films degraded in less than 1.5 hours. Solar cells based on CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I thin films exhibited an efficiency of 8.3 %, which is comparable to that of CH3NH3PbI3 based cells fabricated in the same way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) has reshaped the therapeutic landscape of advanced breast cancer. Accurate profiling of the Trop-2 status of tumor cells can facilitate the identification of patients who will benefit from Trop-2-targeting therapy; however limited analytical method has hindered this process. In this study, we have proposed a specific and sensitive biosensor for visual tracking of the Trop-2 status of breast cancer cells based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN)-decorated Fe-based metal-organic framework nanoparticles (TDN-PCN-222 (Fe)). In the design, a dual-aptamer-assisted biomimetic capture strategy shows high capture efficiency while maintaining the viability and original phenotype of captured cells, ensuring the accurate profiling of the Trop-2 status. Meanwhile, by using the high intrinsic peroxidase activity and excellent targeting ability of Trop-2-specific aptamer-linked TDN-PCN-222 (Fe), specific detection of Trop-2-positive tumor cells can be achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10 cells/mL, and the Trop-2 status of tumor cells can be visually tracked. Moreover, the proposed biosensor has been successfully used for tracking the Trop-2 status of tumor cells in breast cancer tissues, suggesting that our method has great promise for clinical applications. • Colorimetric sensor is fabricated to track Trop-2 status of breast cancer cells. • Specific and sensitive detection of Trop-2-positive tumor cells can be achieved. • The capture strategy can maintain the viability and phenotype of captured cells. • Visual profiling of Trop-2 status of tumor cells in cancer tissues is possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Pseudohalide-Induced Moisture-Tolerance in Perovskite CH3NH3Pb(SCN)2I Thin Films" that was published in the 2015 issue is presented.