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BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Mango fruits undergo numerous postharvest quality losses during storage. Hence, the present study aimed to increase the shelf life of mango fruits by applying hexanal‐based enhanced freshness formulations (EFF) in combination with hot water treatment (HWT).The findings revealed that, among all the tested applications, the combination of EFF 1.0% + HWT reduced the weight loss, decay incidence, and activity of cell wall degrading enzymes of mango fruits. Also, the combined treatment was effective in maintaining the fruit quality parameters such as soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and activity of antioxidant compounds.The present study concludes that the postharvest application of EEF 1.0% in combination with HWT can be used in extending the shelf life of mango cv. ‘Langra,’ fruits stored at 12° C and 85–90% relative humidity for 35 days. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) bloodstream infections (BSIs) contribute to significant mortality in hematologic malignancy (HM) and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. A risk score to predict SM BSI could reduce time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy (TTAT) and improve patient outcomes. A single center cohort study of hospitalized adults with HM/HSCT was conducted. Patients had ≥ 1 blood culture with a Gram-negative (GN) organism. A StenoSCORE was calculated for each patient. The StenoSCORE2 was developed using risk factors for SM BSI identified via logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted. Sensitivity and specificity for the StenoSCORE and StenoSCORE2 were calculated. Thirty-six SM patients and 534 non-SM patients were assessed. A StenoSCORE ≥ 33 points was 80% sensitive, 68% specific, and accurately classified 69% of GN BSIs. StenoSCORE2 variables included acute leukemia, prolonged neutropenia, mucositis, ICU admission, recent meropenem and/or cefepime exposure. The StenoSCORE2 performed better than the StenoSCORE (ROC AUC 0.84 vs. 0.77). A StenoSCORE2 ≥ 4 points was 86% sensitive, 76% specific, and accurately classified 77% of GN BSIs. TTAT was significantly longer for patients with SM BSI compared with non-SM BSI (45.16 h vs. 0.57 h; p < 0.0001). In-hospital and 28-day mortality were significantly higher for patients with SM BSI compared to non-SM BSI (58.3% vs. 18.5% and 66.7% vs. 26.4%; p-value < 0.0001). The StenoSCORE and StenoSCORE2 performed well in predicting SM BSIs in patients with HM/HSCT and GN BSI. Clinical studies evaluating whether StenoSCORE and/or StenoSCORE2 implementation improves TTAT and clinical outcomes are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONPersonal smart technologies are becoming increasingly interwoven into everyday life, yet the usability and usefulness for some of these off-the-shelf technologies for persons with disabilities has yet to be determined. Smart speakers with both their native and downloadable functionalities (skills) have great potential to support individuals with disabilities through communication functionalities, smart home integrations, and more. However, the potential for usefulness does not always translate to how something is actually perceived or used in the real-world. Therefore, the objective of this qualitative study was to gather insight from individuals with disabilities on their experiences with smart speakers and smart speaker skills. Participant feedback highlighted several primary themes: (1) external factors that might influence extent of, and advancement in smart speaker use, (2) Smart speaker use barriers, (3) Smart speaker use facilitators, and (4) Smart speaker uses specific to individuals with disabilities. Continued research and development is needed to help ensure that commercially available technologies are designed with universal design principles that will ensure accessibility for all potential users.Smart speaker skills are being used for smart home management by persons with disabilities, but these functionalities are not without barriers.Persons with various disabilities should be involved in the development and translation of smart speaker functions that are intended to, or that could, support the needs of this population.Smart speaker skills are being used for smart home management by persons with disabilities, but these functionalities are not without barriers.Persons with various disabilities should be involved in the development and translation of smart speaker functions that are intended to, or that could, support the needs of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Investigate patient preferences in embryo selection for transfer regarding quality versus sex in IVF/ICSI cycles with PGT-A and assess associated clinical implications. Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a university fertility practice from January 2012 to December 2021. Included were patients undergoing single frozen euploid transfers with at least one embryo of each sex available. Primary outcomes were preference for embryo selection (quality vs. sex) and sex preference (male vs. female). Trends over 10 years were evaluated and clinical outcomes, including clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), sustained implantation rate (SIR), and live birth rate (LBR), were compared. Results: A total of 5,145 embryo transfer cycles were included; 54.5% chose the best-quality embryo, while 45.5% selected based on sex. Among those choosing based on sex, 56.5% chose male embryos and 43.5% chose female. Preference for quality remained consistent over the decade (p = 0.30), while male embryos were consistently favored (p = 0.64). Best-quality embryos had higher grades (p < 0.001). Clinical outcomes were similar between groups (CPR: 74.4% vs. 71.9%, p = 0.05; SIR: 64.9% vs. 63.4%, p = 0.26; LBR: 58.8% vs. 56.7%, p = 0.13), and between male and female embryo selections. Conclusions: Sex selection remains common, with 45.5% selecting embryos based on sex, predominantly favoring males. This trend persisted over 10 years, with comparable clinical outcomes regardless of selection criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key points: SinoNasal Microbiota Transfer (SNMT) was safe with immediate benefit in all recipients, with sustained improvement in two of three recipients for up to 180 days.The addition of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy worsened chronic rhinosinusitis.These promising SNMT results warrant further study of safety and efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to health outcomes but has not been well studied in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The area deprivation index (ADI) is a comprehensive measure of geographic SES that ranks neighborhood disadvantage. This investigation used ADI to understand the impact of neighborhood disadvantage on CRS treatment outcomes. Methods: A total of 642 study participants with CRS were prospectively enrolled and self‐selected endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) or continued appropriate medical therapy as treatment. The 22‐item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and Medical Outcomes Study Questionnaire Short‐Form 6‐D (SF‐6D) health utility value scores were recorded pre‐ and post‐treatment. Using residence zip codes, national ADI scores were retrospectively assigned to patients. Spearman's correlation coefficients (Rs) and Cramer's V effect size (φc) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: A history of ESS was associated with significantly worse ADI scores compared to no history of ESS (φc = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.25; p < 0.001). Baseline total SNOT‐22 (Rs = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.22; p < 0.001) and SF‐6D values (Rs = −0.20; 95% CI: −0.27, −0.12; p < 0.001) were significantly negatively correlated with national ADI rank. No significant correlations between ADI and within‐subject improvement, or achievement of >1 minimal clinically important difference, in SNOT‐22 or SF‐6D scores after treatment were found. Conclusions: Geographic socioeconomic deprivation was associated with worse baseline disease severity and history of prior surgical intervention. However, ADI did not correlate with improvement in disease‐specific outcomes. The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on outcomes in CRS requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The injury of the scapholunate (SL) ligament is common in wrist traumas leading to pain and reduced wrist function. The wrist's unique joint design and possible underlying theories as the carpal row theory were subject to earlier investigations studying wrist kinematics. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of how SL ligament injuries affect wrist biomechanics is still lacking. Through a quantitative analysis of carpal bone motion patterns, we evaluated the impact on wrist kinematics occurring after SL ligament injury. We conducted a study using computer tomography imaging to analyse wrist kinematics after SL ligament transection in 21 fresh‐frozen anatomical specimens. The collected data were then transformed into 3D models, employing both standardized global and object coordinate systems. The study encompassed the evaluation of rotation and translation for each individual carpal bone, as well as the ulna, and all metacarpal bones in reference to the radius. The study showed a significant increase in rotation towards palmar (p < 0.01), particularly notable for the scaphoid, following transection of the SL ligament during palmar flexion. Ulnar deviation did not significantly affect rotation or translation, and radial deviation also showed no significant changes in rotation or translation. The study highlights the significance of the SL ligament in wrist kinematics, revealing that SL ligament tears lead to changes in wrist motion. While we observed significant rotational changes for the scaphoid, other carpal bones showed less pronounced alterations, emphasizing the complexity of wrist biomechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discovering transiting exoplanets with relatively long orbital periods (>10 d) is crucial to facilitate the study of cool exoplanet atmospheres (T eq < 700 K) and to understand exoplanet formation and inward migration further out than typical transiting exoplanets. In order to discover these longer period transiting exoplanets, long-term photometric, and radial velocity campaigns are required. We report the discovery of TOI-2447 b (=NGTS-29 b), a Saturn-mass transiting exoplanet orbiting a bright (T = 10.0) Solar-type star (Teff = 5730 K). TOI-2447 b was identified as a transiting exoplanet candidate from a single transit event of 1.3 per cent depth and 7.29 h duration in TESS Sector 31 and a prior transit event from 2017 in NGTS data. Four further transit events were observed with NGTS photometry which revealed an orbital period of P = 69.34 d. The transit events establish a radius for TOI-2447 b of |$0.865 \pm 0.010\, \rm R_{\rm J}$|⁠ , while radial velocity measurements give a mass of |$0.386 \pm 0.025\, \rm M_{\rm J}$|⁠. The equilibrium temperature of the planet is 414 K, making it much cooler than the majority of TESS planet discoveries. We also detect a transit signal in NGTS data not caused by TOI-2447 b, along with transit timing variations and evidence for a ∼150 d signal in radial velocity measurements. It is likely that the system hosts additional planets, but further photometry and radial velocity campaigns will be needed to determine their parameters with confidence. TOI-2447 b/NGTS-29 b joins a small but growing population of cool giants that will provide crucial insights into giant planet composition and formation mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medically compromised people with anorexia nervosa are cared for in inpatient settings where clinicians closely monitor health and safety. Clinicians are in a position of power, with the capacity to impose mandated weight gain to achieve medical stabilisation. Consumers are in a vulnerable position, compelled to temporarily relinquish autonomy and to accept coercive practices that often diminish the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Clinicians' position of power in mental healthcare has a dual potential for both healing and harm, and limited attention has been given to consumers' views of clinicians' power. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to investigate the consumer perspective of clinicians' power in the inpatient care of anorexia nervosa, establishing insight into the beneficence and maleficence of the power asymmetry. Ten women with anorexia nervosa in the community participated in semi‐structured interviews online. The COREQ checklist was used to ensure accuracy and completeness of reporting. Thematic analysis revealed that abuses of power were common in the course of inpatient AN care, however life‐saving measures were regarded as defensible. The perception of clinicians' power was determined by the strength of interpersonal relationships and clinicians' clinical competence. To mitigate the potential for harmful experiences, clinicians' use of power must be exercised with close consideration for consumer perspectives, with the integration of person‐centred care and trauma‐informed care principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management has become a major concern due to the extensive use of commodity polymers. Nowadays, one of the most widely used commodity polymers is nonwoven PP. The extensive utilization of polypropylene produces a large amount of waste, making their upcycling and recycling the biggest challenge. This research aims to develop an economical nanocomposite by upcycling nonwoven waste for utilization in the automotive and electronic sectors. A two-step melt blending technique was used to prepare polypropylene waste/silica nanocomposites. The nanocomposites formed were characterized by their morphological, mechanical, thermal, rheological, chemical, and electrical properties. From the results, it was concluded that the optimum mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance properties were achieved for PP-01 formulation showing a 9.95% increase in heat deflection temperature, a 27.57% decrease in the rate of burning, a 5.4% increase in shore D hardness, 26.09% increase in flexural strength, 11.6% increase in melt flow index, and 66.25% increase in solvent resistance as compared to waste polypropylene. At the same time, the best electrical results were obtained at 0.5 wt.% with a 5.36% increase in the breakdown strength. The resistance value increases from 4.67 × 1012 Ω to 2 × 1013 Ω. The overall research shows that optimum mechanical and thermal properties were achieved at 1 wt.% so that the PP-01 formulation can be used effectively for automotive applications. In contrast, maximum electrical resistance was achieved at the PP-0.5 formulation so that this formulation could be effectively used for electrical insulation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To understand and interpret the lived experience of newly qualified midwives (NQMs) as they acquire skills to work in free‐standing birth centres (FSBCs), as well as the lived experience of experienced midwives in FSBCs in Germany who work with NQMs. Background: In many high‐, middle‐ and low‐income countries, the scope of practice of midwives includes autonomous care of labouring women in all settings, including hospitals, home and FSBCs. There has been to date no research detailing the skills acquired when midwives who have trained in hospitals offer care in out‐of‐hospital settings. Methods: This study was underpinned by hermeneutic phenomenology. Fifteen NQMs in their orientation period in a FSBC were interviewed three times in their first year. In addition to this, focus groups were conducted in 13 FSBCs. Data were collected between 2021 and 2023. Findings: Using Heidegger's theory of technology as the philosophical underpinning, the results illustrate that the NQMs were facilitated to bring forth competencies to interpret women's unique variations of physiological labour, comprehending when they could enact intervention‐free care, when the women necessitated a gentle intervention, and when acceleration of labour or transfer to hospital was necessary. Conclusion: NQMs learned to effectively integrate medical knowledge with midwifery skills and knowledge, creating a bridge between the medical and midwifery approaches to care. Implications: This paper showed the positive effects that an orientation and familiarization period with an experienced team of midwives have on the skill development of novice practitioners in FSBCs. Impact: The findings of this study will have an impact on training and orientation for nurse‐midwives and direct‐entry midwives when they begin to practice in out‐of‐hospital settings after training and working in hospital labour wards. Patient and Public Contribution: This research study has four cooperating partners: MotherHood, Network of Birth Centres, the Association for Quality at Out‐of‐Hospital Birth and the German Association of Midwifery Science. The cooperating partners met six times in a period of 2 ½ years to hear reports on the preliminary research findings and discuss these from the point of view of each organization. In addition, at each meeting, three midwives from various FSBCs were present to discuss the results and implications. The cooperating partners also helped disseminate study information that facilitated recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teriparatide is an anabolic drug sometimes administered to patients who have atypical femoral fracture (AFF). However, whether teriparatide has beneficial effects on bone healing remains uncertain. The present study aimed to analyze the association between teriparatide and bone healing in complete AFF. A total of 59 consecutive cases (58 patients) who underwent intramedullary nailing for complete AFF were categorized based on postoperative use of teriparatide into the non-teriparatide (non-TPTD, n = 34) and teriparatide groups (TPTD, n = 25). Time-to-bone union was evaluated and compared between the two groups. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors affecting time-to-bone union. All participants were women, with a mean age of 77.6 years (range: 62–92). No significant difference in time-to-bone union was found between the non-TPTD and TPTD groups (5.5 months vs. 5.8 months, p = 0.359). Two patients in the non-TPTD group underwent reoperation (p = 0.503) due to failure caused by inadequate fixation, and both achieved bone healing after additional fixation with blocking screws. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the anterior gap of the fracture site postoperatively was a factor affecting time-to-bone union (p = 0.014). The beneficial effect of teriparatide on bone healing in complete AFF could not be confirmed. Additional randomized controlled trials are required. Nonetheless, appropriate techniques, including efforts to reduce the gap on the tensile side during the surgery, are important for reliable bone healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiosalicylate anions are known for their complexing capacity towards a wide range of transition metals. We have used this important sulfur-containing anion to synthesize the task-specific ionic liquid dioctylimidazolium thiosalicylate [DOIM] [TS] via ion exchange method in two steps. For characterization of [DOIM] [TS] we have used, electron spray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The sulfur-containing IL was investigated for the removal of heavy metals (Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+) from their aqueous solutions. The extraction efficiencies were determined through atomic absorption spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has affected healthcare in profound and unprecedented ways, distorting the experiences of patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) alike. One area that has received little attention is how COVID-19 affected HCPs caring for dying patients. The goal of this study was to examine the experiences of HCPs working with dying patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between July 2020–July 2021, we recruited HCPs (N = 25) across Canada. We conducted semi-structured interviews, using a qualitative study design rooted in constructivist grounded theory methodology. The core themes identified were the impact of the pandemic on care utilization, the impact of infection control measures on provision of care, moral distress in the workplace, impact on psychological wellbeing, and adaptive strategies to help HCPs manage emotions and navigate pandemic imposed changes. This is the first Canadian study to qualitatively examine the experiences of HCPs providing care to dying patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications include informing supportive strategies and shaping policies for HCPs providing palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline recommends consideration of weekly cisplatin as an alternative option for patients with head and neck cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiation. However, in a recent phase III trial (ConCERT), 20% of patients treated with weekly cisplatin could not receive a total of 200 mg/m2, and the association of low adherence to weekly cisplatin and cancer control outcomes remains unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed an observational cohort study of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing definitive chemoradiation with weekly cisplatin. Methods: Our institutional database was queried for patients with non-metastatic head and neck cancer who underwent definitive chemoradiation with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2) between November 2007 and April 2023. Adherence to weekly cisplatin was defined as receiving at least 5 cycles with a total cumulative dose of 200 mg/m2. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank tests, Cox proportional hazard multivariable (MVA) analyses. Logistic MVA was performed to identify variables associated with low adherence to weekly cisplatin. Fine-Gray MVA was performed to analyze failure outcomes with death as a competing event. Results: Among 119 patients who met our criteria, 51 patients (42.9%) had low adherence to weekly cisplatin. Median follow up was 19.8 months (interquartile range 8.8–65.6). Low adherence to weekly cisplatin was associated with worse overall survival (adjusted hazards ratio [aHR] 2.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58–5.47, p < 0.001) and progression-free survival (aHR 2.32, 95% CI 1.29–4.17, p = 0.005). It was also associated with worse distant failure (aHR 4.55, 95% CI 1.19–17.3, p = 0.03), but not locoregional failure (aHR 1.61, 95% CI 0.46–5.58, p = 0.46). KPS < 90 was the only variable associated with low adherence to weekly cisplatin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.67, 95% CI 1.10–6.65, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our study suggested that over 40% of patients underwent fewer than 5 weekly cisplatin cycles and that low adherence to weekly cisplatin was an independent, adverse prognostic factor for worse survival and distant failure outcomes. Those with reduced adherence to weekly cisplatin were more likely to have poor performance status. Further studies are warranted to improve the adherence to chemotherapy and outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tissue buckling is an increasingly appreciated mode of morphogenesis in the embryo, but it is often unclear how geometric and material parameters are molecularly determined in native developmental contexts to generate diverse functional patterns. Here, we study the link between differential mechanical properties and the morphogenesis of distinct anteroposterior compartments in the intestinal tract--the esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine. These regions originate from a simple, common tube but adopt unique forms. Using measured data from the developing chick gut coupled with a minimal theory and simulations of differential growth, we investigate divergent lumen morphologies along the entire early gut and demonstrate that spatiotemporal geometries, moduli, and growth rates control the segment-specific patterns of mucosal buckling. Primary buckling into wrinkles, folds, and creases along the gut, as well as secondary buckling phenomena, including period-doubling in the foregut and multiscale creasing-wrinkling in the hindgut, are captured and well explained by mechanical models. This study advances our existing knowledge of how identity leads to form in these regions, laying the foundation for future work uncovering the relationship between molecules and mechanics in gut morphological regionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a global health concern due to the lack of precise early diagnostic biomarkers and often-delayed diagnosis. This study employs machine learning, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and network biology to identify transcriptomic markers for HNSCC detection. We identified nine genes with significantly differentially expressed activity in samples from HNSCC patients. These gene signatures could greatly improve early HNSCC identification and warrant further investigation to confirm their predictive and therapeutic significance. The transcriptional landscape of platelets in head and neck cancer patients revealed distinct gene expression profiles compared to healthy controls, underscoring the systemic impact of the tumor on blood platelets. Additionally, the study emphasizes the role of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), which carry RNA signatures indicative of tumor-derived material, offering a non-invasive source for early-detection biomarkers. Although there has been a reduction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma occurrence, it continues to be a serious global health concern. The lack of precise early diagnostic biomarkers and postponed diagnosis in the later stages are notable constraints that contribute to poor survival rates and emphasize the need for innovative diagnostic methods. In this study, we employed machine learning alongside weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and network biology to investigate the gene expression patterns of blood platelets, identifying transcriptomic markers for HNSCC diagnosis. Our comprehensive examination of publicly available gene expression datasets revealed nine genes with significantly elevated expression in samples from individuals diagnosed with HNSCC. These potential diagnostic markers were further assessed using TCGA and GTEx datasets, demonstrating high accuracy in distinguishing between HNSCC and non-cancerous samples. The findings indicate that these gene signatures could revolutionize early HNSCC identification. Additionally, the study highlights the significance of tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), which carry RNA signatures indicative of tumor-derived material, offering a non-invasive source for early-detection biomarkers. Despite using platelet and tumor samples from different individuals, our results suggest that TEPs reflect the transcriptomic and epigenetic landscape of tumors. Future research should aim to directly correlate tumor and platelet samples from the same patients to further elucidate this relationship. This study underscores the potential of these biomarkers in transforming early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies for HNSCC, advocating for further research to validate their predictive and therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Perceptions of pedestrian safety interacting with self- vs. human-driven vehicles. • Deception experiment to measure implicit attitudes (Autonomy Bias). • Autonomy Bias exists, is negative on average, and varies widely across individuals. • Autonomy Bias is more related to technological orientation than socio-demographics. • Implicit and explicit attitudes are strongly related but distinct. Ensuring comfort and safety for pedestrians is essential to the responsible introduction of automated or self-driving vehicles (SDV). Few studies have attempted to isolate the effect of vehicle automation on perceptions of pedestrian interactions with SDV, separate from the potentially confounding effects of vehicle operation or appearance, and we still have limited understanding of the explicit and implicit attitudes mediating those perceptions. The objectives of this study are to determine 1) if there is an "Autonomy Bias" in the population of British Columbia, Canada (i.e., whether people perceive pedestrian-SDV interactions as inherently more or less comfortable and safe than otherwise equivalent interactions with human-driven vehicles or HDV), and if so, 2) which personal attributes influence Autonomy Bias. We isolate the effect of vehicle autonomy on perceptions using a novel deception-based experiment in which 1,133 participants rate 8 video clips of pedestrian interactions in a crosswalk; all clips show HDV, but a random half of the videos for each participant are described as SDV. Results show that Autonomy Bias varies widely across the population, with a small but significantly (p < 0.05) negative mean value (i.e., SDV interactions are perceived as less comfortable and safe). To ensure that an average person is as comfortable crossing with SDV as they currently are with HDV (i.e., to offset their Autonomy Bias), SDV must allow at least 0.4 s additional passing time at crosswalks; at least 3.7 s additional time is needed to ensure equivalent comfort for 85 % of the population. The implicit attitude of Autonomy Bias is strongly related to but distinct from explicit, self-reported attitudes toward technology and SDV, and may improve with SDV familiarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgery for osteoarthritis, with increasing prevalence expected in the near future. This systematic review and meta‐analysis compared the effectiveness of computerized TKA versus traditional TKA, focusing on postoperative outcomes measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and the Knee Society score (KSS). A search on PubMed and Cochrane databases on November 14, 2023 for retrospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) yielded data on WOMAC and KSS. The search strategy was predefined, and methodological quality of studies was critically appraised. Two researchers extracted data. Unpaired t‐testing assessed the mean monthly changes in KSS and WOMAC for computer‐aided versus traditional TKA. Review Manager 5.3 was used for data synthesis and analysis. Out of 729 records, five RCTs enrolling 339 patients were eligible and analyzed using a random effects meta‐analysis. The mean monthly ΔKSS score differed significantly between the traditional and computerized groups (11.47 ± 8.76 vs. 9.26 ± 6.05, respectively; p < 0.01). However, the pooled mean difference estimate showed no significant differences (D = 0.20, 95% CI = −0.53 to 0.93, p = 0.59), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 85%, p < 0.001). The mean monthly ΔWOMAC score also differed significantly (−14.18 ± 21.54 vs. −18.43 ± 20.65, respectively; p < 0.05), but again, no significant differences were found in the pooled estimate (D = 0.17, 95% CI = −0.46 to 0.79, p = 0.60), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 28%, p = 0.24).There is no significant difference in KSS or WOMAC outcomes between traditional and computerized TKA. The study suggests the need for further research with longer follow‐up periods, more timepoints, and a broader range of patient outcome measures to fully evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low sperm motility, one of the common causes of male infertility, is associated with abnormal sperm quality. Currently, important sperm/semen biomarkers are sperm chromatin status and oxidation‒reduction potential (ORP) in semen. Because the association between sperm motility and these biomarkers is still not fully clarified, our study was designed to verify the distribution and risk of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and oxidative stress in semen in asthenozoospermic men. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on discharged sperm cells of asthenozoospermic men (isolated asthenozoospermia or coexisted with reduced sperm number and/or morphology), nonasthenozoospermic men (reduced total sperm count and/or sperm morphology) (experimental groups) and normozoospermic men (proven and presumed fertility) (control group). Basic semen analysis was evaluated according to the 6th edition of the World Health Organization manual guidelines. SDF was assessed using the sperm chromatin dispersion test, while static(s) ORP in semen was measured by means of a MiOXSYS analyser. Results: The men from the asthenozoospermic group had lower basic semen parameters than those from the control and nonasthenozoospermic groups. In men with poor sperm motility SDF and sORP, prevalence and risk for > 20% SDF (high level of DNA damage) and for > 1.37 sORP (oxidative stress) were significantly higher than those of control and nonasthenozoospermic subjects. The risk for sperm DNA damage and oxidative stress in asthenozoospermic men was over 10‐fold higher and almost 6‐fold higher than those in control subjects and almost or over 3‐fold higher than those in nonasthenozoospermic men. Conclusions and discussion: Poor human sperm motility coexisted with low basic sperm quality. Sperm DNA damage and oxidative stress in semen were much more frequent in asthenozoospermia. These abnormalities can decrease the sperm fertilizing capability under both natural and medically assisted reproduction conditions. Thus, in asthenozoospermia, the evaluation of sperm chromatin status and oxidation–reduction potential in semen is justified and inevitable, and the appropriate antioxidant therapy can be suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parametric and traditional CAD approaches are fundamental for pattern construction. This paper empirically analyses their geometric data entry, construction space, methods, workflow, and outputs, highlighting differences between the two. The results show that the traditional approach offers faster data entry but lacks editability, while the parametric approach prioritizes data modification efficiency despite requiring more time for initial entry. The traditional approach allows quicker construction but becomes time-consuming for significant pattern changes, whereas the parametric approach, although slower to construct, offers editable blocks for efficient modification. The parametric approach captures both geometric shapes and block logic, in contrast to the traditional approach's focus solely on geometric shapes. The parametric approach supports the creation of custom garments, reducing waste and promoting sustainability, while the traditional approach leads to static blocks necessitating recreation for each new wearer. Accordingly, educational institutions should spearhead the transition to the parametric approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We continue our investigation of binary actions of simple groups. In this paper, we demonstrate a connection between the graph Γ ⁢ ( C ) \Gamma(\mathcal{C}) based on the conjugacy class 풞 of the group 퐺, which was introduced in our previous work, and the notion of a strongly embedded subgroup of 퐺. We exploit this connection to prove a result concerning the binary actions of finite simple groups that contain a single conjugacy class of involutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the instructional implications of using podcasts framed by a critical media literacy framework in a high school social justice classroom. This 10‐week, critical media‐framed study examines how eight 16–18‐year‐old students, taught synchronously on Zoom, engaged in weekly podcast‐based lesson activities, selecting podcast episodes as supplemental course texts related to the current classroom topics of study (two episodes per unit topic). Findings indicate that podcasts opened spaces for students to hear various voices, particularly marginalized narratives on controversial topics. Additionally, by engaging in critical media literacy practices, students' own voices were elevated, and students questioned the role of texts in their understanding of the world around them. These findings are of particular value to educators looking to understand the classroom implications of critical media literacy practices and who want to provide counter‐hegemonic narratives in their classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has indicated the suitability of behavioural activation (BA) as an intervention for reducing depression in older adults. However, little research has investigated the potential of BA to increase active engagement and well-being in older adults. The current pilot study sought to investigate the usefulness and acceptability of BA to promote well-being in a group of non-clinical older adults. Participants (N = 18) aged between 65 and 86 (M = 77.82, SD = 5.59) who were retired and living independently in the community were provided a 6-week BA program predominantly delivered online. Treatment retention, self-ratings, and participants' compliance to treatment principles indicate preliminary feasibility for the use of BA as an approach for increasing active engagement in older adult populations. Participants also provided feedback on their experiences with the program post-intervention via individual structured interviews. Thematic analysis of these data revealed that participants found the program to be beneficial in terms of increased self-awareness and social engagement, and provided several recommendations for improving acceptability of the program and workbook. The unexpected events relating to the first wave of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) led to necessary adaptations to delivery modalities, and provided the researchers with an opportunity to investigate the use of a structured well-being program on a high-risk population during a pandemic. Our findings support the proposition that BA is a suitable intervention for increasing engagement and well-being in older adults, provide insight into adapting programs for older adults, and suggest next steps for testing intervention efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mainstream media and local health campaigns in Singapore racialize heart health disparities. Journalists and campaigners report differences in heart health outcomes from a model of race governance known as the Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Others (CMIO) model. This model is then used to frame heart health inequities as an outcome of poor cultural practices and behaviors tied to race. To (un)do the racializing frames of heart health as outcomes of cultural behaviors and practices, I instead center stories of heart health management by Malay participants from lower-income households, identifying the role information asymmetries play in incomplete heart health information retrieval during interactions with providers (social service providers, healthcare workers, doctors, nurses). Cultural and community resources were discussed as critical resources for alleviating urgent heart health episodes or assisting as guides for preventative heart health information. Health campaigners must delve deeper into these findings for more structurally responsive heart health interventions and move away from racializing health disparities based on the CMIO model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Medical colleges regularly examine mass drug administration (MDA) programs to determine their effectiveness and pinpoint areas for development. These analyses frequently show a discrepancy between the program’s coverage and actual drug use. This study was conducted in the Chamorshi and Armori blocks of the Gadchiroli District in Maharashtra. Aim: This study aimed to find out the coverage and compliance of MDA in the Chamorshi and Armori blocks of Gadchiroli, Maharashtra. Settings and Design: This study was a cross‑sectional study. Materials and Methods: Thirty houses from each of the three randomly chosen villages and a ward were surveyed in each implementing unit. Thus, a total of 120 households’ worth of data were gathered and examined. Information was gathered from each individual in the chosen home at the individual level. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were collected and duly filled out on questionnaire forms, which were then entered in Microsoft (MS) Excel. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 (Chicago) was used as a statistical tool in the analysis. Results: Consumption rates in rural areas were much higher than in urban areas. A minimum consumption rate was found in the 2‑ to 5‑year‑old age range. Conclusions: In this study, the percentage of coverage and compliance rates was 89.5% and 99.4% and 90.81% and 99.2% for the Armori and Chamorshi blocks, respectively. In comparison, coverage was better in rural areas than in urban areas. The MDA program must therefore be significantly strengthened in urban areas, particularly by guaranteeing improved compliance through monitored drug consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The propagation of electron-acoustic waves in a collisionless unmagnetized plasma composed of hot electrons obeying the Cairns–Gurevich (CG) distribution, inertial cold electrons and stationary ions are considered. The basic field equations of the above described plasma is re-examined through the use of the modified Poincare–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method. Introducing the strained coordinates and expanding the field quantities into the parameter , a set of differential equations is obtained. The lowest order term in the perturbation expansion is governed by the modified KdV equation, whereas the second order term is governed by the modified linearized KdV equation with nonhomogeneous term. Then, studying the localized travelling wave solution for the evolution equations, the strained coordinates for this order is determined so as to remove the possible secularities that might occur in the solution. It is observed that the ratio of the second order term to the first order term in the perturbation expansion is negative and not so small. This is equivalent to saying that the contribution of second order term decreases the wave amplitude. In other words, retaining only the first order term in the perturbation expansion overestimates the real value of the field quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Previous systematic reviews on mental health in athletes have found athletes to be at a potentially increased risk for mental health diagnoses compared to the public. Multiple cross-sectional studies have examined suicide behaviour within different athlete populations, but there is a need for a comprehensive review to synthesize and identify risk factors and epidemiology regarding suicide behaviour in the elite athlete population, especially as it compares to the general population. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1990 to January 2023. Inclusion criteria included original peer-reviewed research articles examining suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or suicide completion within elite athlete populations. Exclusion criteria included athletes participating in high-school or Paralympic level sports, studies that did not report results regarding elite athletes and non-athletes separately, and non-peer reviewed work. All studies were screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome variables extracted from included studies included rates, risk factors, and protective factors for suicide behaviour. The study quality and risk of bias was evaluated for each study using the Joanna-Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tools. Results: Of the 875 unique studies identified, 22 studies, all of which were cross-sectional in nature, met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated previous athletes, 13 studies evaluated current athletes, and two studies included a combination of previous and current athletes. Seven studies involved varsity college athletes, nine involved professional athletes of various sports, and six focused on international or Olympic level athletes. The rate of suicidal ideation in professional athletes ranged from 6.9 to 18% across four studies, while the rate in collegiate athletes ranged from 3.7 to 6.5% across three studies. Ten studies compared athletes to the general population, the majority of which found athletes to be at reduced risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide completion. Only one study found athletes to have increased rates of suicide compared to matched non-athletes. Risk factors for suicide behaviour identified across multiple studies included male sex, non-white race, older age, and depression. Player position, athletic level, sport played, and injuries showed trends of having limited effect on suicide behaviour risk. Conclusion: This review suggests that elite athletes generally demonstrate reduced risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and suicide completion compared to the general population. Coaches should remain aware of specific factors, such as male sex, non-white race, and higher athletic level, in order to better identify at-risk athletes. Limitations of this review include the heterogeneity in the methodology and athlete populations across the included studies. Therefore, future targeted research is essential to compare suicide behaviour between sports and identify sport-specific suicide risk factors. Trial Registration: PROSPERO Registration: CRD42023395990. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on evaluating neonatal outcomes following maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, highlighting the study by Norman et al. published in JAMA. Topics include the absence of increased risks in neonatal health outcomes associated with maternal COVID-19 vaccination, rigorous adjustment for numerous maternal covariates, and findings of decreased risks in specific neonatal complications such as intracranial hemorrhage and neonatal mortality.

SARS-CoV-2 swiftly spread in Wuhan, China, leading to a pandemic crisis worldwide. Genome sequence analysis of this virus revealed a close analogy with its closely related strains, SARS-COV and MERS-COV. In the case of SARS-CoV-2, Nonstructural protein 13 (NSP13), also known as helicase, has been identified as a target for reducing the severity of infection due to its high sequence conservation and essential role in viral replication. NSP13 helicase structure in SARS-CoV-2 differs only by one amino acid from the SARS-CoV helicase structure. Targeting NSP13 with natural compounds holds significant potential for developing safe and effective antiviral therapies utilizing advanced computational approaches. The properties of 8 different natural compounds, i.e. Imidazole, Pyrrole, Tropolone, Benzotriazole, Imidazodiazepine, Phenothiazine, Acridone and Bananin were screened by applying Lipinski's rule of five, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties, and Radar plots to discover their drug efficacy at a target site, safety, and absorption. Docking studies confirmed Bananin with a binding affinity of -7 kcal/mol as a potential inhibitor of NSP13 of SARS-CoV-2 with better pharmacokinetics, drug likeliness, and oral bioavailability. Based on the in silico study, it is suggested that Bananin shows promising effects against NSP13 protein, forming a maximum number of hydrogen bonds exhibiting higher binding affinity. This stronger affinity indicates a stronger interaction between the compound and its target, potentially leading to enhanced biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. This novel study has unlocked the door for a prospective SARS-CoV-2 inhibition strategy and developing antiviral interventions targeting NSP13 based on molecular docking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript explores the use of nanostructured chitosan for intranasal drug delivery, targeting improved therapeutic outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric care, pain management, vaccination, and diabetes treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles are shown to enhance brain delivery, improve bioavailability, and minimize systemic side effects by facilitating drug transport across the blood–brain barrier. Despite substantial advancements in targeted delivery and vaccine efficacy, challenges remain in scalability, regulatory approval, and transitioning from preclinical studies to clinical applications. The future of chitosan-based nanomedicines hinges on advancing clinical trials, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and innovating in nanoparticle design to overcome these hurdles and realize their therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Intensive rehabilitation aims to improve and maintain functioning in young people who experience disability due to illness or injury. Day rehabilitation may have advantages for families and healthcare systems over inpatient models of rehabilitation. METHODS: This study evaluated the goals and outcomes of a cohort of young people in Western Australia who attended a specialist intensive day rehabilitation programme ("iRehab") at Perth Children's Hospital. Analysis of the iRehab service database was performed. Rehabilitation goals and outcomes were recorded as per the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Children's Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM), and Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). RESULTS: There were 586 iRehab admissions between August 11, 2011, and December 31, 2018. Admissions were divided by diagnosis: Cerebral Palsy (228, 38.5%), Acquired Brain Injury (125, 21.3%), Spinal Cord Disorders (91, 15.5%), and Other (141, 24.2%). Mean COPM Performance increased by 2.78 points from admission to discharge (95% CI 2.58 to 2.98, p < 0.001). Mean COPM Satisfaction was 3.29 points higher at discharge than admission (95% CI 3.07 to 3.51, p < 0.001). Mean total WeeFIM score improved by 6.51 points between admission and discharge (95% CI 5.56 to 7.45, p < 0.001), and by 3.33 additional points by six months post discharge (95% CI 2.14 to 4.53, p < 0.001). Mean GAS T-scores increased by 27.85 (95% CI 26.73 to 28.97, p < 0.001) from admission to discharge, and by 29.64 (95% CI 28.26 to 31.02, p < 0.001) from admission to six months post discharge, representing improvement consistent with team expectations. CONCLUSION: This study describes a model by which intensive rehabilitation can be delivered in a day rehabilitation setting. A diverse population of young people who experienced disability achieved significant improvements in occupational performance, independence, and goal attainment after accessing intensive day rehabilitation. Improvements were measured in all diagnostic subgroups and were maintained six months after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long‐term conservation of species at risk relies on numerous, and often concurrent, management actions to support their recovery. Generally, these actions are habitat‐based while others are focused on a species' position within its ecological community. Less studied are the impacts from human presence, despite evidence that human activity may reduce the area functionally available for occupancy or resource acquisition. In the winter of 2020/2021, COVID‐19‐related travel restrictions led to a reduction in helicopter‐assisted back‐country skiing (heli‐skiing). We examined how these reductions in heli‐skiing (termed the anthropause) affected the movement ecology and resource selection of southern mountain caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) as compared to two prior years (2018/2019 and 2019/2020) and the following year when heli‐skiing resumed (2021/2022). We found that home‐range size was on average 80–120% larger during the anthropause than in years of normal heli‐ski operations. Movement rates also varied among periods, with movement during the anthropause (11.9 km2/day) being higher than in 2019/2020 (7.8 km2/day) and 2021/2022 (8.7 km2/day), though similar to 2018/2019 (12.2 km2/day). Resource selection among periods did not differ, with caribou consistently selecting old forests, high elevations and gentle terrain. These results suggest that back‐country recreation, specifically heli‐skiing, may be limiting access to resources for southern mountain caribou. This limitation arises through reduced home‐range size within suitable late‐winter habitat, relative to when heli‐skiing is reduced or not occurring – consistent with Encounter Theory. While the demographic effects of reduced home‐range size and movement were not examined here, reduced access to resources likely compounds other stressors known to affect population viability of caribou. The results of this study demonstrate the impact that recreation can have on wildlife and highlight the need to consider heli‐skiing and other forms of recreation when developing recovery plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most-common cancer worldwide and its rates are increasing. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for CRC, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of putative biomarkers and other CRC risk factors in the association between BMI and CRC. Methods We selected as mediators biomarkers of established cancer-related mechanisms and other CRC risk factors for which a plausible association with obesity exists, such as inflammatory biomarkers, glucose homeostasis traits, lipids, adipokines, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), sex hormones, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, smoking, physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. We used inverse-variance weighted MR in the main univariable analyses and performed sensitivity analyses (weighted-median, MR–Egger, Contamination Mixture). We used multivariable MR for the mediation analyses. Results Genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with CRC risk [odds ratio per SD (5 kg/m2) = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.24, P -value = 1.4 × 10−5] and robustly associated with nearly all potential mediators. Genetically predicted IGF1, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, PA and alcohol were associated with CRC risk. Evidence for attenuation was found for IGF1 [explained 7% (95% CI: 2–13%) of the association], smoking (31%, 4–57%) and PA (7%, 2–11%). There was little evidence for pleiotropy, although smoking was bidirectionally associated with BMI and instruments were weak for PA. Conclusions The effect of BMI on CRC risk is possibly partly mediated through plasma IGF1, whereas the attenuation of the BMI–CRC association by smoking and PA may reflect confounding and shared underlying mechanisms rather than mediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the relationship between heritage and decoloniality in Sri Lanka, focusing on the influence of colonialism and external exploitation on society and heritage in South Asia. The authors, who come from diverse backgrounds, share their personal experiences and perspectives on the topic, emphasizing the importance of cross-community conversations and a critical examination of history and heritage. The text also touches on the perception of a new Chinese colonialism in Sri Lanka. The authors argue that the current understanding of heritage in Sri Lanka is rooted in colonial knowledge and institutions, and advocate for questioning and transforming these institutions as part of the decolonization process. They also stress the need for critical thinking and reflection when engaging with colonial institutions and addressing the diverse history of Sri Lanka. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the role of assessment in schools and the use of data to measure student progress. The authors argue that relying solely on scores and grades is insufficient and propose a more comprehensive approach that includes frequent formative checks and low-stakes retrieval opportunities. They emphasize the importance of clear communication and understanding among teachers and leaders regarding data collection. The article also discusses the challenges and limitations of using data in education, suggesting the use of multiple sources of data and recognizing the strengths and limitations of data. It raises questions about the purpose of data collection and the importance of teachers' day-to-day inferences. The article acknowledges the pressures of accountability and changing expectations, urging educators to prioritize accurate assessments and informed decision-making. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the application of the intersectionality framework to the Indian statutory institutional environmental public hearing (EPH) process that seeks to promote environmental justice. Intersectionality provides a framework to capture the processes of gender marginalization and exclusion. It critically demonstrates how the required gender participation in the regulatory EPH process is failing rural women in the state of Gujarat, India, thereby exacerbating discrimination and inequality. Building on the researchers' mixed‐methods (quantitative and qualitative) data, the article creates an evidence‐based 'fresh dossier' reflecting the non‐existent or limited participatory involvement of women as valuable stakeholders in the EPH process. Drawing on the evidence of lived experiences creates spaces for women's voices that are excluded from the social system due to dominant powers and institutional structures. We argue that respecting the diversity of interests and identities of rural Gujarati women within the institutionalized public sphere would promote participation and recognition of their knowledge and role as crucial stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In healthy older adults, the immune system generally preserves its response and contributes to a long, healthy lifespan. However, rapid deterioration in immune regulation can lead to chronic inflammation, termed inflammaging, which accelerates pathological aging and diminishes the quality of life in older adults with frailty. A significant limitation in current aging research is the predominant focus on comparisons between young and older populations, often overlooking the differences between healthy older adults and those experiencing pathological aging. Our study elucidates the intricate immunological dynamics of the CD4/Treg axis in frail older adults compared to comparable age-matched healthy older adults. By utilizing publicly available RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), we identified a specific Treg cell subset and transcriptional landscape contributing to the dysregulation of CD4+ T-cell responses. We explored the molecular mechanisms underpinning Treg dysfunction, revealing that Tregs from frail older adults exhibit reduced mitochondrial protein levels, impairing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This impairment is driven by the TNF/NF-kappa B pathway, leading to cumulative inflammation. Further, we gained a deeper understanding of the CD4/Treg axis by predicting the effects of gene perturbations on cellular signaling networks. Collectively, these findings highlight the age-related relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction in the CD4/Treg axis and its role in accelerating aging and frailty in older adults. Targeting Treg dysfunction offers a critical basis for developing tailored therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the quality of life in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on enhancing the wear resistance of EN8 steel, commonly used in agricultural implements by applying WC-12Co and WC-10Co-4Cr coatings using the high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying technique. The microstructural characterization, EDS mapping, microhardness, fracture toughness, slurry abrasion, and dry sliding of all coated and uncoated samples were evaluated. Results demonstrate that coated specimens outperform the uncoated EN8 steel in terms of wear resistance. Slurry abrasion tests reveal that the coatings hardness and fracture toughness contribute to their excellent performance. In dry sliding tests, the coated specimens exhibit lower friction coefficients and less mass loss, further emphasizing their better wear resistance. Further, wear mechanisms were found to be different between the materials, with EN8 steel exhibiting ductile wear, primarily due to plastic deformation and chipping, while the coated specimens display brittle wear characteristics, with the detachment of hard coating material and abrasive interactions contributing to wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition from concentric primary flow to non-tangential secondary flow of blood was investigated using experimental steady shear rheometry and numerical modelling. The aims were to: assess the difference in secondary flow in a Newtonian versus shear-thinning blood analogue; and measure the secondary flow in the blood. Both experiments and numerical modelling showed that the transition from primary to secondary flow was the same in a Newtonian fluid and a shear-thinning blood analogue. Experiments showed whole blood transitioned to secondary flow at lower modified Reynolds numbers than the Newtonian fluid; and transition was haematocrit dependent with higher RBC concentrations transitioning at lower modified Reynolds numbers. These results indicate that modelling blood as a purely shear-thinning fluid does not predict the correct secondary flow fields in whole blood; non-Newtonian effects beyond shear-thinning behaviour are influential, and incorporating effects such as multiphase contributions and viscoelasticity, yield stress and thixotropy is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the concept of 'freelance feminism': a term we use to highlight how a combination of casualised precarious labour and platformised entrepreneurialism constitute a key terrain through which contemporary feminist work is enacted. The article proposes that this term can be a way to understand new formations and constellations of activity which are being shaped in the intersections between precarity, feminism and entrepreneurialism. How, in what ways, and with what consequences are feminist activism and platformised entrepreneurialism becoming entwined? How are new forms of self-promotion, self-branding and precarity shaping feminist cultures? Are entrepreneurial projects more broadly taking on feminist forms and, if so, how can we understand their politics? To explore these issues, the article examines in turn (1) neoliberal, short-term, precarious labour in the cultural industries and its exacerbation during the pandemic, (2) contemporary entrepreneurial 'platformisation' and (3) the increased visibility of feminism in contemporary popular culture. It concludes by introducing the range of articles in the special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We integrate the existing detrital zircon data from multiple modern river sediment samples on Viti Levu, Fiji, with the most current available geological and topographic mapping of the respective river drainage basins to compare detrital populations with potential bedrock sources. The temporal and spatial variations in zircon geochemistry supplement what is known from igneous rocks and confirm the petrological differences between plutonic and volcanic rocks from the Eocene to early Oligocene (Yavuna age, >30 Ma), middle Oligocene to middle Miocene (Wainimala age, 30–12.5 Ma), late Miocene (Colo age, 12.5–6.5 Ma) and latest Miocene (Namosi age, 6.5–5 Ma). The >30 Ma Yavuna-age zircons are restricted to areas that drain the previously mapped Yavuna Group. The 30–12.5 Ma zircons are found across central Viti Levu from west to east, and the 30–15 Ma zircons have distinctively low U/Yb and high Dy/Yb ratios. They are the best radiometric evidence of widespread early to middle Miocene arc magmatism in Fiji that was relatively U-poor. Peak deconvolution of the Colo age zircons from individual basins suggests the following ages for undated or poorly dated plutons from central Viti Levu. The large Mavuvu pluton is probably composed of multiple intrusions in the 12–10 Ma range, the Waiqa pluton is probably ca 10 Ma, and the Noikoro pluton is probably ca 9 Ma. There are zircons from unknown plutonic or volcanic sources between 8 and 7 Ma in western Viti Levu that have distinct Eu/Eu* ratios. We attribute the highest U/Yb ratios in some Colo age zircons to crustal anatexis. Namosi-age zircons are abundant in the Medrausucu Group and can be found scattered across Viti Levu. Detrital zircon samples have aided geological mapping of the tropical and poorly exposed terrain in Fiji and elucidated the magmatic history. Detrital zircons indicate widespread early to middle Miocene arc magmatism across central Viti Levu. Detrital zircon ages have provided further constraints on the ages of 12-9 Ma plutons in central Viti Levu. Detrital zircon ages indicate that there is an unknown igneous source of 8-7 Ma zircons in western Viti Levu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) has become increasingly prevalent and is a common contributing factor to low back pain. Current treatment options are limited to either symptom management or surgery. A promising treatment option being explored is intradiscal administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, there remains a gap in knowledge as to whether MSCs from different tissue sources have similar responses to the low pH microenvironment of the IVD and the possible mechanisms governing these responses. To study this, MSCs from three different tissue sources: adipose (adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cell), bone marrow (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells), and amnion (amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell) were cultured at low pHs representative of IVDD. MSCs were assessed for survival, senescence, apoptosis, metabolic activity, and cytokine release profile. Additionally, western blot was utilized to assess acid sensing ion channel 1 and 3 expression. The results of this study indicated that MSC viability, cell proliferation, senescence, and metabolic activity is negatively affected by low pH and alters MSC cytokine production. This study also demonstrated that MSCs behavior is dependent on tissue source. Understanding how MSC behavior is altered by pH will allow further research aimed at increasing the efficacy of MSC therapy to promote in situ IVD tissue regeneration to combat IVDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tea is being grown on the gentle slopes of Himachal Pradesh located in the north-western region of mighty Himalaya, since 1850s. However, degrading soil health due to rampant usage of agrochemicals, and long-run tea cultivation adversely affects the productivity potential of the region. Analyzing soil-nutrient status is of great value to meet the crop nutrient demand. The research aimed to identify the vulnerable soil properties and their assessment for soil restoration under major tea estates of the North-western Himalaya. The study examined the physico-chemical and biological properties of soils of 37 tea estates. The large variation among different sites for physical parameters signifies the textural difference between the sites under study. Meanwhile, the soil pH of tea estates varied from extremely acidic to slightly acidic reaction, with an overall pH (H2O) of 5.33 in the top soils and 5.47 in the subsoils. High OC (13.35 g kg−1) under overall soil depth of tea estates presumably correlated with higher concentration of available nutrients, i.e. N (r = 0.641), K (r = 0.492), and S (r = 0.623) alongside exchangeable Ca (r = 0.724) and Mg (r = 0.718). The substrate carbon availability due to higher amount of organic matter in the top soils (16.1 g kg−1) leads to increased biological activity (MBC and DHA) in the surface soils as compared to subsoils. The unscientific approach of fertilizer application led to huge variability in green leaf yield across different tea estates. Thus, to achieve higher yield, it should be necessary to adopt nutrient application in a judicial manner in the tea plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SBRT is an effective local treatment for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This treatment is currently used in patients who have poor lung function or who decline surgery. As SBRT usually has small PTV margins, reducing the beam-on-time (BOT) is beneficial for accurate dose delivery by minimising intrafraction motion as well as improved patient comfort. Removal of the linear accelerator flattening filter can provide a higher dose rate which results in a faster treatment. In addition, the choice of photon energy can also affect the dose distribution to the target and the organs-at-risk (OAR). In this systematic review, studies analysing the choice of various photon beam energies, with a flattening filter or flattening filter free (FFF), were compared for their overall dosimetric benefit in the SBRT treatment for early-stage NSCLC. It was found that FFF treatment delivers a comparatively more conformal dose distribution, as well as a better homogeneity index and conformity index, and typically reduces BOT by between 30 and 50%. The trade-off may be a minor increase in monitor units for FFF treatment found in some studies but not others. Target conformity and OAR sparing, particularly lung doses appear better with 6MV FFF, but 10MV FFF was marginally more advantageous for skin sparing and BOT reduction. The favourable beam modality for clinical use would depend on the individual case, for which tumour size and depth, radiotherapy technique, as well as fractionation scheme need to be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Solute carrier family 13 member 5 (SLC13A5) is a Na+-coupled citrate co-transporter that mediates entry of extracellular citrate into the cytosol. SLC13A5 inhibition has been proposed as a target for reducing progression of kidney disease. The aim of this study was to leverage the Mendelian randomization paradigm to gain insight into the effects of SLC13A5 inhibition in humans, towards prioritizing and informing clinical development efforts. Methods: The primary Mendelian randomization analyses investigated the effect of SLC13A5 inhibition on measures of kidney function, including creatinine and cystatin C-based measures of estimated glomerular filtration rate (creatinine-eGFR and cystatin C-eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR), and risk of chronic kidney disease and microalbuminuria. Secondary analyses included a paired plasma and urine metabolome-wide association study, investigation of secondary traits related to SLC13A5 biology, a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS), and a proteome-wide association study. All analyses were compared to the effect of genetically predicted plasma citrate levels using variants selected from across the genome, and statistical sensitivity analyses robust to the inclusion of pleiotropic variants were also performed. Data were obtained from large-scale genetic consortia and biobanks, with sample sizes ranging from 5023 to 1,320,016 individuals. Results: We found evidence of associations between genetically proxied SLC13A5 inhibition and higher creatinine-eGFR (p = 0.002), cystatin C-eGFR (p = 0.005), and lower BUN (p = 3 × 10−4). Statistical sensitivity analyses robust to the inclusion of pleiotropic variants suggested that these effects may be a consequence of higher plasma citrate levels. There was no strong evidence of associations of genetically proxied SLC13A5 inhibition with uACR or risk of CKD or microalbuminuria. Secondary analyses identified evidence of associations with higher plasma calcium levels (p = 6 × 10−13) and lower fasting glucose (p = 0.02). PheWAS did not identify any safety concerns. Conclusions: This Mendelian randomization analysis provides human-centric insight to guide clinical development of an SLC13A5 inhibitor. We identify plasma calcium and citrate as biologically plausible biomarkers of target engagement, and plasma citrate as a potential biomarker of mechanism of action. Our human genetic evidence corroborates evidence from various animal models to support effects of SLC13A5 inhibition on improving kidney function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the interplay between perceived employability (PE), mental health, and equity group membership amongst students at a large public urban university in Australia. The article reports from a study conducted between 2017 and 2022, during which students self-assessed their PE. Differences in PE by equity group membership were assessed using responses to structured fields in the questionnaire (n = 24,329). Custom measures were constructed using student responses to open-ended fields to proxy student wellbeing based on sentiment analysis and mention of mental health or synonymous terms (n = 12,819). Analyses included two-way tests of differences between groups and multivariate analyses considering the effect of equity group membership and mental health concerns on employability beliefs. Results indicate that students with a disability, with English as a second language, or with wellbeing concerns report lower perceived employability. Of all the PE dimensions, academic self-efficacy is most consistently affected by equity group membership and wellbeing concerns. Further, wellbeing concerns are more prevalent for students with disabilities. The findings strengthen support for policy and institutional initiatives focusing on student wellbeing in general but also specifically for equity groups that are already associated with poorer employability beliefs. In particular, students with disabilities appear to have poorer self-esteem and academic self-efficacy and are more likely to have mental health concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]