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The complexity of molecular compositions of ayurvedic preparations makes their classification or quality monitoring a difficult task. Classification of aqueous-based ayurvedic preparations with commonly used techniques such as Fourier transform infrared and near infrared spectroscopy is more difficult due to strong interferences from water signals. In the present work, by taking an aqueous-based ayurvedic preparation (jirakadyarista) as a test case, it has been shown that a simple, fast and efficient procedure for the classification of such preparations can be achieved by combining synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy with chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PCA and PLS-DA models obtained were found to be sensitive and specific in classifying the jirakadyarista samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the genetic functions in complex biological systems is a challenging step in recent year. Hence, several valuable and interesting research projects have been developed with novel ideas to find out the unknown functions of genes or proteins. To validate the applicability of their novel ideas, various approaches are built up. To date, the most promising and commonly used approach for discovering the target proteins from biological system using small molecule is well known a forward chemical genetics which is considered to be more convenient than the classical genetics. Although, the forward chemical genetics consists of the three basic components, the target identification is the most challenging step to chemical biology researchers. Hence, the diverse target identification methods have been developed and adopted to disclose the small molecule bound protein. Herein, in this review, we briefly described the first two parts chemical toolbox and screening, and then the target identifications in forward chemical genetics are thoroughly described along with the illustrative real example case study. In the tabular form, the different biological active small molecules which are the successful examples of target identifications are accounted in this research review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]