Search

The article reviews Stephen C. Levinson's comprehensive grammar of Yélî Dnye, a Papuan language spoken on Rossel Island. The grammar, based on over 20 years of research, surpasses previous works in its detailed syntactic analysis and highlights the language's morphological complexity. Yélî Dnye is considered a linguistic treasure with unique features like a large phonemic inventory and robust syntactic ergativity. The grammar contributes significantly to linguistic description and showcases the intricate linguistic engineering of the human brain. [Extracted from the article]

Gestalt therapy is a humanistic approach that emphasizes awareness of one's inner experiences and recognition of resistance processes. However, research exploring the relationship between interoceptive awareness—awareness of internal bodily sensations—and Gestalt resistance processes remains limited. Addressing this gap, our study used a cross‐sectional design to examine how interoceptive awareness correlates with resistance processes among 112 counseling students. Our analysis revealed that higher interoceptive awareness is associated with lower resistance processes such as confluence, introjection, projection, retroflection, deflection, and egotism, with no significant association found with desensitization. The results suggest that improved body awareness could potentially impact resistance levels. This highlights the need to include interoceptive training in counseling programs to enhance therapeutic presence and self‐regulation among trainees. This study offers evidence supporting the influence of interoceptive awareness on resistance processes and suggests that future research should explore ways to integrate these findings into training programs and broader Gestalt therapy practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential impact of large language models (LLMs) on higher education, particularly in the humanities. The author suggests that LLMs have the potential to revolutionize teaching and learning by providing personalized and adaptive instruction. However, they also raise concerns about the future of universities and the humanities, as LLMs may lead to a contraction of the higher education system and a reevaluation of the value of a college degree. The author speculates that universities may become more specialized and focused on producing high-quality intellectual work, while the role of professors as inspiring teachers will remain important. [Extracted from the article]

Background and aims: The factorial validation study of a scale describing the therapist's intuitive knowing from a phenomenological, aesthetic, and field-oriented perspective, such as that of Gestalt therapy, is presented. The way in which the therapists use their senses to understand the patient's current experience, through embodied empathy and resonance, is termed Aesthetic Relational Knowing, and a special scale (ARK), described in its broader valence in a previous study, was constructed to assess it. The ARK-T version, validated in this study, is referred to the specific therapeutic situation, assessing the therapist's intuitive ability towards the patient, in the "here and now" of the session. Methods: A sample composed of 209 psychotherapists (51 men, 157 women, 1 stated "other") aged 25-80 years old, 199 psychology graduates, 10 medical doctors, working in different regions of Italy, all holding a specialization in psychotherapy of different theoretical approaches, filled in the 46 items hypothesized for the composition of the ARK-T scale. An Exploratory Factor Analysis was carried out preliminarily on the intercorrelation matrix of the items, then subsequently a Confirmatory Analysis was performed according to the Lisrel model. Item analysis was also performed and Cronbach's alpha was calculated for reliability analysis of the global score and of the factors included in the final version of the scale. Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses allowed the selection of 21 items that make up the final version of the ARK-T Scale. The main factors validated in previous studies (Body awareness, Resonance, and Empathy), operationalized in the therapeutic situation, were redefined into: Body Awareness, Intuitive Resonance, and Affective Empathy. The reliability of the scale is good for both total score (alpha=0.841) and factorial subscales. Conclusions: By enabling the assessment of body process awareness and aesthetic-relational skills in therapy, the ARK-T scale has significant implications for the training and supervision of psychotherapists, as well as for research on the therapeutic change process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflection is devoted to a description of the place and role of silence in Gestalt therapy. According to the author, the phenomenon of staying in silence is the necessary way to give birth to a client's figure in therapeutic relations. The description of the therapist's position is proposed as inner silence, entering into the border of contact, acceptance of one's responses to what is happening, a calm attitude toward one's quietness. The possibilities of relying on silence in the process of therapists' work are shown as six propositions: perceiving and backgrounded positions of therapists; therapists' reaction to clients; therapists' ability to listen to the sound of their own soul; the conditions for clients to hear themselves; and the quietness of touching moments of the session. Silence also varies depending on the different styles of therapeutic relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an insight into the visual information (colours, symbols) of waste classification based on the three principles of closure, similarity and continuation of Gestalt theory. A field survey of Xiamen University Town in China and a survey of 1,000 local and international university students in the area were used to understand the level of awareness of visual information on waste recycling and segregation. The study found that the current level of awareness of visual classification information (colours, symbols) in the Xiamen University Town urban area and among students is low. Visual messages must convey accurate and standardised information such as colours and symbols. In addition, the purpose of this study was to illustrate the need for accuracy in visual information. This study concludes the need for uniform colour and symbol standards for waste recycling and segregation under the Gestalt theory to help achieve SDG goal 12, responsible consumption and production, as this study highlights the potential ripple effect on future stakeholders, especially considering the international mobility of university students, who epitomise global diversity. As users travelled across countries, ambiguous visual messages about waste classification became a key issue in responding to UN advocacy for a sustainable future. Addressing and correcting these visual discrepancies is critical to effective waste management strategies on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do we perceptually and cognitively organize incoming stimulation? A century ago, Gestalt psychologists posited the law of Prägnanz: psychological organization will always be as 'good' as possible given the prevailing conditions. To make the Prägnanz law a useful statement, it needs to be specified further (a) what a 'good' psychological organization entails, (b) how the Prägnanz tendency can be realized, and (c) which conditions need to be taken into account. Although the Gestalt school did provide answers to these questions, modern-day mentions of Prägnanz or good Gestalt often lack these clarifications. The concept of Prägnanz has been (mis)understood in many different ways, and by looking back on the rich history of the concept, we will attempt to present a more fine-grained view and promote a renewed understanding of the central role of Prägnanz in visual perception and beyond. We review Gestalt psychology's answers to the questions listed above, and also discuss the four main uses of the Prägnanz concept in more detail: (a) a Prägnanz tendency in each organizational process, (b) Prägnanz as a property of a Gestalt, (c) Prägnanz steps as internal reference points, and (d) Prägnanz in relation to aesthetic appreciation. As a key takeaway, Prägnanz is a multifaceted Gestalt psychological concept indicating the "goodness" of an experienced organization. Both the removal of unnecessary details and the emphasis on characteristic features of the overall organization compared to a reference organization can contribute to the emergence of a 'better' Gestalt. The stimulus constellation is not the only factor in determining the goodness of an organization, also the stimulus' interaction with an individual in a specific spatial and temporal context plays a role. Taking the ideas on Prägnanz as a generative framework and keeping the original Gestalt psychological context in mind, future research on perceptual organization can improve our understanding of the principles underlying psychological organization by further specifying how different organizational principles interact in concrete situations. Public significance statement: This paper reviews what a 'good' psychological organization entails, and how the incoming stimulation is clarified in human perception to achieve the best possible psychological organization. The review debunks common misconceptions on the meaning of "goodness" and synthesizes the most important perspectives and developments on "goodness" from its conception until now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George Steinmetz's article, "The Colonial Origins of Modern Social Thought," explores the marginalization of colonial sociology in the history of French sociology and the productive nature of going abroad for social scientific reflection. Steinmetz identifies five factors that explain the erasure of colonial sociology, including the underdevelopment of research on the history of sociology, efforts to impose a certain gestalt of the discipline, the repression of colonialism in European memory, the fear of stigma, and scientific metrocentrism. The article also discusses the concept of strangeness and its role in the production of knowledge, highlighting the intellectual tensions that arise when scholars are confronted with unfamiliar cultures. The author suggests that the lack of close strangers, individuals with sufficient proximity to the history of French sociology, may have contributed to the neglect of colonial sociology in the literature. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the potential impact of AI technology on psychotherapy and counseling. It discusses the use of AI chatbots as companions, including for romantic and sexual purposes, and raises questions about the changing nature of therapy in the digital age. The article explores the concept of "technical thinking" and its effects on human psychology and therapeutic practices. It also discusses the history of therapy using communication technologies and the emergence of AI bots in the field. The article concludes by considering the role of traditional therapy in the digital age and the potential benefits and drawbacks of online therapy. Additionally, it highlights a recent study that found face-to-face communication to be more important for mental health during lockdowns, but also acknowledges the positive impact of digital text-based communication. The author emphasizes the need for further research on the effects of the digital age on psychological therapies and invites submissions to their journal. The article provides summaries of several papers included in the journal, covering topics such as online therapy, the impact of technology on the therapeutic relationship, and the experiences of students in remote learning. The author concludes by emphasizing the importance of considering the effects of the digital age on both psychotherapy provision and individuals involved in therapy. [Extracted from the article]

The author examines working with groups on-line from a Gestalt therapy perspective, an integrated therapeutic approach. The growing occurrence of the therapeutic group online setting brings the need to reconsider clinical tools to use bodily processes in the therapeutic relationship. This article provides a detailed and nuanced consideration of embodied process on-line and offers a practical and useful framework for clinicians, from a phenomenological, aesthetic and field oriented epistemological ground. In the on-line therapeutic group consideration needs to be given to the way embodied vitality can be engendered as supports for contact between members. Vitality is supported through a renewing of attention to the lived body as a support for spontaneous interactions, yet care is required in the on-line domain as there is a tendency towards disinhibition. The author explores how the relational grail of on-line therapy is an inter-embodied experience. This can be supported by the therapist cultivating an embodied presence, accompanied by an intentional disposition to wander with wonder as a way of surrendering to the unknowing of the virtual between. Such an orientation includes the therapist adopting an embodied hermeneutic phenomenological approach in group work that supports the co-creating of meaning between members in this trans-subjective situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the philosophical roots of Gestalt Therapy are discussed, names like Kierkegaard, Husserl, Buber or Sartre are often mentioned. French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty, who was left standing in the background, but experienced in Gestalt Psychology, introduced the body into philosophical discourse and, underlining human perception, directed himself to the original epistemological and ontological philosophy of man in the world. Although he had not encountered Gestalt Therapy in person, his ideas correspond with it significantly, especially in terms of contemporary field theory. Concepts like perceptual faith, corporeality and motor intentionally are examples. We are able to find parallels between the work of Merleau-Ponty and gestalt modality not only in theory but in the lived experience of therapists, too. Moreover, these parallels can enrich the set of psychotherapy methods. The affinity between this French thinker and Gestalt therapy poses the question to us whether or not he deserves to be moved into its foreground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gianni Francesetti's book, "Fundamentals of Phenomenological Gestalt Psychopathology: A Light Introduction," provides a philosophical exploration of Phenomenological Gestalt Psychopathology (PGP). The book consists of 17 chapters that cover various topics related to psychopathology, including etymological definitions, the therapeutic relationship, spectrum of disorders, and societal implications. Francesetti emphasizes the importance of understanding human suffering from a phenomenological and field approach, and he argues that PGP practitioners should focus on perceiving the absences that contribute to psychopathology and guiding clients towards presence. The book appeals to a professional audience and references a wide range of clinical approaches. [Extracted from the article]

This article attempts to reestablish the importance of human aggression as a figural cornerstone in both the origin and practice of Gestalt therapy. Attention is paid to the early contributions of Frederick Perls in reformulating psychoanalytic theory with respect to what he considered to be the primacy of aggression over sexuality in terms of human growth and development. Distinctions are made between what would be considered "healthy" versus "unhealthy" applications of aggression within the maturation cycle of the organism, its social functioning, and the effective practice of Gestalt therapy. Problems related to the definition and application of aggressive expression are discussed through Gestalt-related literature and differences noted in more contemporary research. Practitioners of the Gestalt approach are encouraged to review the relevant literature as a way of revisiting and refreshening their understanding of the clinical importance of aggression in the practice of Gestalt therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Paths of Curiosity: Time, Uncertainty and Mortality" is a book by Michael Vincent Miller, a prominent figure in Gestalt therapy. The book is based on an interview conducted by Italian psychologist Giuliana Ratti in 2012 and explores Miller's personal journey and contributions to Gestalt therapy. Miller's experiences connect him to the founders of Gestalt therapy and other influential figures of the time. The book also delves into Miller's belief that Gestalt therapy is based on aesthetic principles and his thoughts on the therapeutic process. "Paths of Curiosity" is a concise and approachable book that covers a wide range of topics in just 68 pages. [Extracted from the article]

"The Bodily Roots of Experience in Psychotherapy" by Ruella Frank is a book that explores the connection between bodily experience and psychotherapy. The author combines themes from philosophy and phenomenology to argue that the two approaches to experience cannot be separated when it comes to understanding human beings and their interactions. The book also emphasizes the importance of the concept of contact in Gestalt therapy and how it relates to the relational paradigm. Overall, the book offers a valuable contribution to the understanding of the role of the body in psychotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

The author proposes a frame of reference for Gestalt therapists who want to do research from a field perspective. She outlines fundamental aspects of phenomenological research that includes aesthetics of contact and the relational therapeutic approach. Ethical aspects of Gestalt therapy research, from the need of outcome research to the responsibility to show what we do in our practice, are described, in support of the discovery of new territories to advance our humanity. Two examples are offered: research on the construct of aesthetic relational knowing (ARK) to explore therapeutic intuition and responsiveness from a Gestalt viewpoint, and research to describe the process of change in the dyad therapist/client, seen as a "dance" of reciprocal, intentional movements that draws on attachment learnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article outlines the theoretical background for improv-therapeutical processes and interventions found in the contemporary theory of the Gestalt therapeutic approach. Although there is a growing number of studies reporting on the potential of improvisational theater in psychological well-being and psychotherapy, few of them explore theoretical parallels with existing psychotherapeutic approaches. This article proposes that the roots and paradigms of improv theater and Gestalt therapy are epistemologically close and explore how concepts specific for relational Gestalt therapy—understanding of self as a process in the phenomenological intersubjective field, an aesthetic approach to mental health, and the notion of creative adjustment—could contribute to the understanding and empowering of the therapeutic processes found in improv theater. The theory proposes that nurturing creative and spontaneous processes in improv possibly contributes to the healthy functioning of the self and, therefore, enhances healthy contact with the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ilana Rubenfeld, a pioneer in body-oriented therapy, has passed away, leaving behind a significant legacy. Originally a conductor, Rubenfeld turned to alternative therapies to alleviate chronic pain and eventually developed her own method called the Rubenfeld Synergy Method (RSM). RSM combines elements of the Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais Method, and Gestalt therapy, integrating bodywork and verbal psychotherapy. Rubenfeld believed in the interconnectedness of the body and mind and used a gentle touch to facilitate emotional release and healing. Her work was ahead of its time and has since been supported by research on the benefits of touch and interoception. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Psychotherapy of the situation in gestalt therapy: A field-oriented approach" edited by Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb and Pietro Andrea Cavaleri offers a fresh perspective on Gestalt theory and philosophy. Divided into two parts, the book analyzes key issues of our time and provides case studies on psychopathological situations in the clinical field of human relations. It emphasizes the need for a new community perspective in practice, particularly in our post-pandemic world. The book also explores the history of Gestalt therapy and its evolution, while providing specific tools and examples for translating theory into practice. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the impact of work and love involvements on psychotherapists and their clients. It discusses the potential effects of being a psychotherapist on personal relationships and how personal relationships can influence their work. The concept of involvement is examined, considering both its benefits and drawbacks for psychotherapists, those around them, and their clients. The article emphasizes the importance of appropriately entering and leaving involvements with clients and highlights the potential negative effects of training on involvement abilities. The author concludes by acknowledging the positive benefits of involvement in work but also calls for further research on the topic, particularly in the field of psychotherapy. The text also includes summaries of various papers published in the European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, covering topics such as the role of psychotherapy in treating anorexia nervosa, the challenges of providing therapy in a shared foreign language, and the concept of borderline personality organization. Overall, the article aims to provide readers with diverse perspectives and ideas to enhance their understanding of involvement in psychotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Gestalt Oriented Positive Parenting Support Program. The study sample consisted of 36 parents (33 mothers and 3 fathers) who were selected through purposeful sampling. There were 13 participants in the experimental group, 12 participants in the placebo group, and 11 participants in the control group. The research utilized various measurement tools, such as the Demographic Information Form (DIF), Multidimensional Parental Perfectionism Questionnaire (MPPQ), ParentChild Relationship Scale (PCRS), Me as a Parent Scale (MPS), and Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). The experimental group's pre-test and post-test scores showed significant differences for all dimensions, indicating that the program was an effective intervention. When comparing the experimental, placebo, and control group post-test scores, significant differences were found in three sub-dimensions of parental perfectionism, all dimensions of parent-child relationship, and positive parenting score. Further analysis revealed that all significant differences favored the experimental group. This finding shows that the program is an effective application for parents with children between the ages of 2-9. Finally, the post-test scores of the positive parenting dimension also differed significantly according to the experimental group pre-test scores and the control group post-test scores, confirming the hypothesis of the study and highlighting the effectiveness of the program in developing positive parenting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Back to the University's Future: The Second Coming of Humboldt" by Steve Fuller is a book that advocates for the revival of the Humboldtian university, with updated principles. Fuller argues for equal access to knowledge and the elimination of intellectual monopolies. He presents a historical overview of the university, challenging traditional perspectives and highlighting the importance of melding research and teaching. Fuller's book offers a unique perspective on the history of ideas and aims to inspire a reimagining of the university system. However, it may be challenging for readers without a background in Western intellectual history. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Advances in Online Therapy: Emergence of a New Paradigm" edited by Haim Weinberg, Arnon Rolnick, and Adam Leighton explores the challenges and changes brought about by online therapy. The book covers various psychotherapeutic approaches and how they adapt to remote work. It is divided into four parts, discussing theoretical dimensions, specific therapeutic approaches, couple and family therapy, and online therapy for special populations. The authors argue that meaningful therapeutic work is possible through the screen, but also acknowledge the limitations and changes that come with online therapy. The book serves as a handbook for understanding and applying different therapeutic approaches in the context of online therapy. [Extracted from the article]

This inquiry proposes a theoretical-conceptual dialogue between Yoga and the philosophical bases of Gestalt therapy and mundane phenomenology. By expanding the gestaltic framework, we can better comprehend points of convergence and divergence between its theory and practice, vis-à-vis mundane phenomenology and Yoga philosophy. We posit that Yoga can offer to Gestalt therapy and phenomenology a broader perspective on contemplative somatic praxis. Conversely, phenomenology and the gestaltic approach can provide solid ground for an articulation with Yoga philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jadran Mimica presents the 'life‐world' of Yagwoia people of Papua New Guinea as a unique variant of the Jungian Ouroboric archetype, a primal pattern or symbol derived from the ancient Greek 'tail devourer' (the serpent that eats its own tail), found in many cultures and individual unconscious phantasies. Treated in terms of 'ouroboric dialectics', relations between Yagwoia father and son are hostile, even patricidal, because the son's very existence derives from the father's 'continuous and irreversible' transfer to him of his limited supply of vital substance or 'paternal bone'. Sons replace fathers in ways that fathers may experience as 'violent loss of ... generative bodily core', a process that Mimica asserts 'can only be adequately understood through individual‐biographical life‐situations and trajectories'. In bypassing anthropology's classical terrain, or treating Yagwoia life‐ways as contingent upon the 'ouroboric cosmic Self' – a 'wholly pre‐genital gestalt of self‐generation' – Mimica distorts the role of collective rites of passage and affinal exchange to counter, inhibit, and redirect the primary narcissism intrinsic to human beings. In a small scale society like the Yagwoia, whose survival and well‐being depend upon the integration of nearly all its members, the main 'work of culture' is to recruit socially adept adults from each new crop of infants by helping them to overcome – not to repeat or magnify – existential problems of growing up that afflict everyone but that no one can resolve, or even fully understand, on their own. The 'ouroboric (self‐copulating^eating) phallus' is one image or 'mythologeme' of infantile narcissism. Based upon my own fieldwork among Gimi‐speakers in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, I suggest that such myths serve as templates for rites of exchange intended to thwart the calamity myths envisage – not to facilitate or intensify it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like [18], [15], and [4], Taylor considers that resonating with, and being activated by, another's trauma is evidence of connection and not of failure or inadequacy on the part of the therapist. British Gestalt Journa l 6 (1): 40-48. 23 Taylor, Miriam. Gestalt Review 23 (3): 261-76. 25 Taylor, Miriam, and Vienna Duff. [Extracted from the article]

Building on Fisher's 2020 publication "Tearing Down the Self, or Transforming It? Est as Uncertain Gestalt," this article tracks the emergence of a full-fledged critique of therapeutic culture, emanating from both American journalists and academic social critics in the mid-1970s. Since Erhard Seminars Training (est) and its founder, Werner Erhard, continued to attract media attention, it was often a focal point in this critique. While it drew on earlier criticisms of the human potential movement (HPM) that had centered on Frederick (Fritz) Perls, Esalen, and Gestalt therapy during the 1960s (detailed in Fisher's 2017 "Gestalt Pathways of Dissemination, Part III: The Media Firestorm"), the 1970s critique of therapeutic culture branched into a wider mode of attack against both the founders and their legacies. Central to this critique was the concept of narcissism, which wedged itself in the pages of popular magazines and highbrow academic journals alike by 1976. In tracing this history, we see the roots of an ongoing cultural debate about the meaning and value of therapy, as well as the connections between individual pursuits of growth and the social conditions that frame them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured in this article is a psychotherapy case study recounted from the lived experience of the psychotherapist working with an asylum seeker from Afghanistan, with the help of a translator. The method applied is an aesthetic inquiry adapted from Autoethnography which engages the practitioner as the researcher who enters the 'field' of the therapy situation. The reflexive writing of the case story, which is integral to the method, sets off a heuristic process, integrating research and practice. Reading this case study, one may grasp the nuances and the atmosphere of an otherwise linguistically challenging therapeutic situation. The story and Gestalt therapy theory are weaved together, which makes palpable, intangible aspects of the therapeutic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Emotional schemas make people avoid treatment. Emotional schemas have been related to post-traumatic stress disorder, knowing and treating these schemas can be effective in improving the symptoms of this disorder. On the other hand, psychological issues such as post-traumatic stress at older ages are among the consequences related to traumatic experiences, and these consequences are not limited to negative ones, and according to researches, some stressful situations and suffering They can provide a suitable platform for people's development, and injured people not only return to their previous state, but also reach a higher level of psychological functioning, and this higher level psychological functioning, growth after injury. Post-traumatic growth is characterized by positive psychological changes after coping with challenging life circumstances and has five domains; a) communication with others, which means developing a network of relationships and more intimacy with them; b) new possibilities that indicate the creation of a new path or opportunities; c) Personal strength, which refers to the increase of inner strength and the ability to rely on oneself in difficulties; e) spiritual change, which refers to understanding experiences and strengthening spiritual beliefs; f) Appreciation of life, which means realizing the value of life. There are several intervention approaches to help people with post-traumatic stress disorder and improve their emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth, among which Gestalt therapy has useful and significant effects in treating problems caused by post-traumatic stress disorder. They have the assumption that people have the basic ability to be alert, introspective and reflect, people have the potential freedom of understanding and action and a responsible attitude in relation to others and life in society. Personal growth and fulfillment is possible if the existing potential is not blocked by limiting expectations and norms and this personal growth is supported by the utilitarian resources of others. Based on the background of the research, group gestalt therapy can be used as an independent therapy or along with other treatments to improve symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. It has also been shown that Gestalt therapy is effective for helping teenagers with traumatic experiences, and by combining cognitive-behavioral elements and committed to an interactive and conversational approach, it can help reduce the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. But what has not been paid attention to in previous researches is the effectiveness of this treatment method on emotional schemas and posttraumatic growth in girls suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, based on what was said, the research question is, is Gestalt therapy effective on emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth in girls with post-traumatic stress disorder? Methods: In this research, the statistical population of all girls aged 14 to 19 years with post-traumatic stress disorder who referred to the welfare of Boushehr city was 91 in 2019, and by using simple random sampling method, 40 of them were selected and They were replaced in two groups (gestalt therapy test group of 20 people and control group of 20 people). The experimental group underwent Gestalt therapy (10 sessions of 90minutes); But the control group did not receive any Gestalt therapy intervention and remained on the waiting list. Foa et al.'s PTSD scale (1993), Leahy's emotional schemas (2002) and Tedeschi and Calhoun's post-traumatic growth (1996) were used to collect information. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was done through SPSS software version 24 in two descriptive and inferential parts (variance analysis with repeated measurements and Ben-Ferroni post hoc test). Results: The results showed that the above-mentioned treatment had a significant effect on emotional schemas and post-traumatic growth in girls with post-traumatic stress disorder compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that Gestalt therapy can be used as a therapeutic method to reduce emotional schemas and increase posttraumatic growth in girls suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder in medical centers. be taken away It is suggested that similar researches be conducted in other cities and other cultures on girls suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder in other cities as well as male students so that the results of the researches can be compared. Applied research should be conducted with similar topics on the effectiveness of Gestalt therapy on other problems of girls with post-traumatic stress disorder such as aggression, resilience, distress tolerance, anxiety and depression. Conducting research on the comparison of Gestalt therapy with other treatment methods such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, commitment-acceptance therapy, self-compassion therapy, etc., can lead to effective results in improving the problems of girls with post-traumatic stress disorder. have In addition to the use of self-reporting tools, in which the possibility of bias is possible, it is suggested to use other research methods such as interview and observation to measure this variable in order to reduce the biases to a minimum. Considering the prevalence of this disorder and that the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder can have negative psychological, physical and social consequences for girls; Psychological interventions with the Gestalt therapy approach can reduce the severity of these negative consequences, and carrying out this therapeutic intervention with the aim of increasing growth after injury and improving emotional schemas can help the psychological health of these girls, and counselors and clinical psychologists. They can use the results of this research in counseling centers and psychological services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gestalt group therapy, along with many forms of group therapy, fosters possibilities for past developmental hurts to reemerge in the present with the hoped-for resolution to occur in relationship. Working with developmental yearnings requires an embodied sensitivity to understand the intentionality of contact experienced in the bidirectionality of movements that occur at the contact-boundary. Often, words are employed prematurely as part of the contacting process as we seek to "language" experience. A somaesthetic approach nurtures the potential of the group incarnate where patterns of relating body forth between members, in the hope that spontaneity and vitality can be renewed and healing experienced. This is a form of group therapy, by the group, for the group, including the psychotherapist. A capacity of exquisite attention moment to moment and movement to movement within the group field supports such contacting processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saint-Romain-la-Virvée, France: L'Exprimerie. 3 Francesetti, Gianni, Michela Gecele, and Jan Roubal. I also want to make it clear that Gianni offered me two options: supervision or personal work. REFERENCES 1 Francesetti, Gianni. As part of the celebration, it programmed a I taller i or workshop, "La psicopatología en la Gestalt Therapy", which Gianni Francesetti presented in Barcelona for some 80 participants over a three-day period. [Extracted from the article]

The client leaves and supervision from the faculty, group leader, or guest faculty proceeds for 20 minutes. After almost 50 years of training therapists from every continent except Antarctica, the European Summer Residential Program has evolved into a structure that optimizes a smooth operation and responds creatively to current field conditions. Faculty Meetings Saturday evening: before the workshop begins, faculty meets to go over structure and make any changes in group make-up or supervisor/therapist/client sessions. [Extracted from the article]

Sivi and Bier make an intentional effort to reduce jargon; thus, the above-mentioned glossary of terms prepares the reader with the conceptual understanding necessary for the subsequent developmental stories. So, if readers are ready for deep and meaningful change, Sivi and Beir's practices and narratives clearly invite them to choose to recognize the difficulties in their relationships, create self-awareness regarding their habitual ways of being that might create these difficulties, and then change "from the inside out" (1). In the Introduction, Sivi and Beir immediately orient the reader to potential pathways for "transformation and professional evolution" (1). [Extracted from the article]