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Various surface modifications to increase the lifespan of cobalt–chromium (CoCr) joint prostheses are being studied to reduce the wear rate in bone joint applications. One recently proposed modification involves depositing graphene oxide functionalized with hyaluronic acid (a compound present in joints) on CoCr surfaces, which can act as a solid lubricant. This paper analyzes the biological alterations caused by wear–corrosion phenomena that occur in joints, both from the perspective of the worn surface (in vitro model) and the particles generated during the wear processes (in vivo model). The analysis of the inflammatory response of macrophage was performed on CoCr surfaces modified with graphene oxide and functionalized with hyaluronic acid (CoCr-GO-HA), before and after wear–corrosion processes. The wear particles released during the wear–corrosion tests of the CoCr-GO-HA/CoCr ball pair immersed in 3 g/L hyaluronic acid were intra-articularly injected into the experimental animals. The hematological analysis in vivo was made considering a murine model of intra-articular injection into the left knee in male adult Wistar rats, at increasing concentrations of the collected wear particles dispersed in 0.9% NaCl. Non-significant differences in the inflammatory response to unworn CoCr-GO-HA surfaces and control (polystyrene) were obtained. The wear–corrosion of the CoCr-GO-HA disk increased the inflammatory response at both 72 and 96 h of material exposure compared to the unworn CoCr-GO-HA surfaces, although the differences were not statistically significant. The pro-inflammatory response of the macrophages was reduced on the worn surfaces of the CoCr modified and functionalized with graphene oxide (GO) and hyaluronic acid (HA), compared to the worn surfaces of the unmodified CoCr. The hematological analysis and tissue reactions after intra-articular injection did not reveal pathological damage, with average hematological values recorded, although slight reductions in creatinine and protein within non-pathological ranges were found. Some traces of biomaterial particles in the knee at the highest concentration of injected particles were only found but without inflammatory signs. The results show the potential benefits of using graphene in intra-articular prostheses, which could improve the quality of life for numerous patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical immunosensors have emerged in the last years as outstanding analytical systems for the detection of analytes of clinical interest. As alternative to the traditional enzymatic labels, the use of nanoparticles and especially bimetallic ones has gained increased attention thanks to their advantages related to the higher simplicity, stability and sensitivity offered. Main routes for the detection of such nanoparticle labels are based on i) dissolution of the nanoparticle into the corresponding metal ions followed by voltammetric detection; ii) taking advantage of the electrocatalytic effect of the metals towards secondary reactions; and iii) taking advantage of their electrochemiluminescence properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of SAW transducers requires a series of steps ranging from material selection and geometry design to the selection of fabrication techniques for their characterization and validation process. Here, we use the finite element method (FEM) to present a methodology and a detailed analysis of the design of SAW transducers in a delay line configuration. First, we simulate single‐finger and double‐finger configurations with different geometries and designs of IDTs on two piezoelectric substrates, LiNbO3$$ {}_3 $$ in 64°$$ {}^{{}^{\circ}} $$ YX and LiNbO3$$ {}_3 $$ 128°$$ {}^{{}^{\circ}} $$ YX orientation, to compare the simulation results with the analytical delta model and thereby validate the simulation process, presenting Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values ranging from 10.79 dB to 16.42 dB. With the above, we performed a comparative analysis to determine the influence of piezoelectric material and IDT configuration by studying a specific transducer design made to operate at a resonance frequency of 97.02 MHz. We compared identical designs on 128°$$ {}^{{}^{\circ}} $$ YX and 64°$$ {}^{{}^{\circ}} $$ YX orientations of LiNbO3$$ {}_3 $$ with single and double‐finger configurations and added the comparison with the SPUDT configuration. We observed the best results for the single‐finger IDT configuration in 128°$$ {}^{{}^{\circ}} $$ YX LiNbO3$$ {}_3 $$ orientation compared to the other variants through its insertion loss level of −7.29 dB, its average sidelobe level of −18.63 dB, and its average transition band slope for the main lobe of 15.09 dB/MHz. The results guide new researchers or students in expanding the use of numerical tools in designing SAW transducers and SAW devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Orthopedic surgery, while it rarely cause iatrogenic vascular lesions, leads to significant clinical, social, and economic consequences when it does. The knee is particularly susceptible to these injuries. Case Description: This case study presents the clinical case of a 71-year-old woman with a history of left total knee replacement. Eight years after the initial procedure, a popliteal—popliteal arteriovenous fistula was identified in the same knee. Given the location and caliber of the fistula, and despite the absence of symptoms, an endovascular prosthesis (Viabahn®) was deployed in the popliteal artery to cover the fistula. The prosthesis remained intact for the remainder of the patient's life, who succumbed to metastatic cancer five years later. Additionally, a review of the literature was conducted. Conclusion: This brief report describes an exceptional case of popliteal arteriovenous fistula, diagnosed eight years after a TKA, treated endovascularly and followed up over five years. Both pseudoaneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae should also be considered for early detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the perception and usage of ChatGPT based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). Conducting reticular analysis of coincidences (RAC) on a convenience survey among university students in the social sciences, this research delves into the perception and utilization of this artificial intelligence tool. The analysis considers variables such as gender, academic year, prior experience with ChatGPT, and the training provided by university faculty. The networks created with the statistical tool "CARING" highlight the role of perceived utility, credibility, and prior experience in shaping attitudes and behaviors toward this emerging technology. Previous experience, familiarity with video games, and programming knowledge were related to more favorable attitudes towards ChatGPT. Students who received specific training showed lower confidence in the tool. These findings underscore the importance of implementing training strategies that raise awareness among students about both the potential strengths and weaknesses of artificial intelligence in educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, core and core–shell microparticles formed by Ni-Mn-Co oxides with controlled composition were fabricated by an oxalate-assisted co-precipitation route, and their properties were analysed by diverse microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The microparticles exhibit dimensions within the 2–6 μm range and mainly consist of NiO and NiMn2O4, the latter being promoted as the temperature of the treatment increases, especially in the shell region of the microparticles. Aspects such as the shell dimensions, the vibrational modes of the spinel compounds primarily observed in the shell region, the oxidation states of the cations at the surface of the microparticles, and the achievement of a Ni-rich 811 core and a Mn-rich 631 shell were thoroughly evaluated and discussed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the progression of physical fitness (PF), basic motor competence (BMC), and executive function (EF) over one year in children aged 4–5 years at a health center. Methods: In this longitudinal analysis, children's BMC was evaluated using the MOBAK KG test for object and self-movement. The PREFIT Battery gauged PF through handgrip strength, standing long jump, and other fitness measures, while the Early Years Toolbox appraised EF. Results: Adjustments for confounding factors showed notable improvements in BMC, particularly in object movement (OM; mean difference 0.789, p = 0.044) and self-movement (SM; mean difference 0.842, p = 0.037), with overall MOBAK scores also increasing (mean difference 1.632, p = 0.018). Enhancements in the standing long jump (mean difference 9.036 cm, p = 0.014) and EF tasks "Mr. Ant" (mean difference 0.669, p < 0.001) and "Go/No-Go" (mean difference 0.120, p < 0.001) were evident, signifying substantial BMC gains and some progress in PF and EF. Conclusion: This research underscores the positive impact of regular training on BMC and PF in young children. Significant BMC development and associated improvements in PF and EF over the study period highlight the importance of structured activities in early childhood. These findings advocate for standardized training programs to enhance childhood health and encourage active lifestyles. Trial registration: NCT05741879. Registered February 14, 2023, Version 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: This study aimed to determine safety and risk factors for adverse events (AEs) of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) with long‐term indwell of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS). Methods: This study is a multicenter prospective observational study on consecutive high surgical‐risk patients requiring gallbladder drainage who underwent EUS‐GBD with LAMS over 12 months. Centralized telephone follow‐up interviews were conducted every 3 months for 1 year. Patients were censored at LAMS removal, cholecystectomy, or death. AE‐free survival was determined using log–rank tests. Cumulative risks were estimated using life‐table analysis. Results: Eighty‐two patients were included (53.7% male, median [interquartile range] age of 84.6 [76.5–89.8] years, and 85.4% with acute cholecystitis). Technical success was achieved in 79 (96.3%), and clinical success in 73 (89%). No patient was lost to follow‐up; 45 patients (54.9%) completed 1‐year follow‐up with in situ LAMS. Median (interquartile range) LAMS indwell time was 364 (47–367) days. Overall, 12 (14.6%) patients presented 14 AEs, including 5 (6.1%) recurrent biliary events (3 acute cholangitis, 1 mild acute pancreatitis, and 1 acute cholecystitis). Patients with pancreatobiliary malignancy had an increased risk of recurrent biliary events (33% vs 1.5%, P = 0.001). The overall 1‐year cumulative risk of recurrent biliary events was 9.7% (4.1–21.8%). The 1‐year risk of AEs and of severe AEs was 18.8% (11–31.2%) and 7.9% (3.3–18.2%), respectively. Pancreatobiliary malignancy was the single risk factor for recurrent biliary events; LAMS misdeployment was the strongest risk factor for AEs. Conclusions: Long‐term LAMS indwell does not increase the risk of delayed AEs following EUS‐GBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a non-invasive method of detecting stress below the elastic limit in magnetic steel elements. The method, based on well-known magnetoelastic effects, relies on mechanical stress-induced permeability modulation. It does not measure absolute values and hence results in suitable in situ measurements in situations where small position or vibration changes can change absolute values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basic motor competencies (BMC) play a vital role in child development and are a primary focus of physical education. However, there is a lack of research on BMC in preschool-aged children, making this study particularly significant. The present study aims to examine the relationship between BMC and physical fitness components in Spanish preschool children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 101 children (n = 52 boys, average age of 4.80 years) living in Pamplona, North Spain. Components of physical fitness (handgrip strength, standing long jump, speed-agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness) were assessed using the PREFIT Battery. Overall physical fitness was computed from the four selected fitness components separately for boys and girls. Higher z-scores values in physical fitness indicate better fitness performance. To assess BMC, the MOBAK KG test battery was applied (subscales of object control and self-movement). Sex, age, and body mass index were used as main confounders. Results: After adjustment for confounding factors, the BMC was positively associated with single (z-scores) components and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (R2 from 0.178 to 0.469, all P-values < 0.05). Additional percentile scores weakened the associations, but they still remained significant (R2 from 0.146 to 0.337, all P-values < 0.05). Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of the MOBAK KG sum score, and in both object movement and self-movement test subscales had significantly higher scores in single fitness component (z-scores or percentile) and overall physical fitness sum of z-scores (all P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results revealed that higher BMC is associated with better physical fitness in Spanish preschool children. The findings emphasize the crucial role that basic motor competence plays in promoting physical activity in preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Removing lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) may be difficult and even harmful, but these features have seldom been analyzed. We aimed to generate a comprehensive assessment of the feasibility and safety of LAMS retrieval procedures. Methods A prospective multicenter case series including all technically successfully deployed LAMSs between January 2019 and January 2020 that underwent endoscopic stent removal. All retrieval-related data were prospectively recorded using standardized telephone questionnaires as part of centralized follow-up that ended after stent removal had been performed. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the potential risk factors for complex removal. Results For the 407 LAMSs included, removal was attempted in 158 (38.8 %) after an indwell time of 46.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 31–70). The median (IQR) removal time was 2 (1–4) minutes. Removal was labelled as complex in 13 procedures (8.2 %), although advanced endoscopic maneuvers were required in only two (1.3 %). Complex removal risk factors were stent embedment (relative risk [RR] 5.84, 95 %CI 2.14–15.89; P = 0.001), over-the-wire deployment (RR 4.66, 95 %CI 1.60–13.56; P = 0.01), and longer indwell times (RR 1.14, 95 %CI 1.03–1.27; P = 0.01). Partial and complete embedment were observed in 14 (8.9 %) and five cases (3.2 %), respectively. The embedment rate during the first 6 weeks was 3.1 % (2/65), reaching 15.9 % (10/63) during the following 6 weeks (P = 0.02). The adverse event rate was 5.1 %, including seven gastrointestinal bleeds (5 mild, 2 moderate). Conclusions LAMS removal is a safe procedure, mostly requiring basic endoscopic techniques attainable in conventional endoscopy rooms. Referral to advanced endoscopy units should be considered for stents with known embedment or long indwell times, which may require more technically demanding procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia has been a powerful ally in Venezuela's complex crisis, having developed political, economic and cultural relations with the Venezuelan state by employing various foreign policy instruments such as mutual support in multilateral fora, foreign aid, loans, commodity trading, military support and cultural diplomacy. What explains this support, despite Venezuela's severe political and economic crisis? Different perspectives have contributed to discussions on shifts in Russian foreign policy towards Latin America since the end of the Cold War. However, studies subscribing to traditional international relations theories have occasionally focused on a single issue or dimension. Such a focus may be problematic when analysing the multifaceted portfolio applied to Russian foreign policy. Based on the Two‐Good Theory approach, its focus on change and maintenance of the status quo, and the concept of substitutability, this research paper elaborates on Russia's foreign policy strategy towards Venezuela to explain policy priorities by examining the alliance with the Venezuelan Maduro regime. Furthermore, the paper highlights the link between the tangible characteristics of energy security and arms sales and intangible aspects, such as cultural diplomacy, which are important explanatory factors of Russian support for Venezuela. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was to evaluate three synchronization protocols for fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in Bos indicus with Bos taurus crossbred cows. Forty-five cows of 5 ± 1.6 years were selected. The Jsynch treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2α, estradiol cypionate plus eCG was applied, and the FTAI was performed at 48–52 hours after. Conventional treatment consisted of the application of an intravaginal device plus benzoate; on day 8, the device was removed and PGF2α plus eCG was injected, and on day 9, estradiol benzoate was administered, and FTAI was performed at 30 hours. The Ovsynch treatment consisted of the application of GnRH, and on day 8, PGF2α was applied, on day 9, GnRH was applied again, and on day 10, FTAI plus GnRH was applied. The diagnosis of pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasound 45 days after the FTAI. The Jsynch (39.1%) and conventional (39.1%) treatment showed higher pregnancy compared to the Ovsynch treatment (21.7%) of pregnancy. The presence of crystalline mucus at the time of the FTAI was significantly associated with pregnancy. The results of this investigation indicate that it is possible to obtain acceptable pregnancy rates with the FTAI in B. indicus with B. taurus crossbred milk-producing cows, and treatments with progesterone-releasing devices plus eCG can improve the reproductive performance of cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FAM20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is ubiquitously expressed and mainly associated with biomineralization and phosphatemia regulation. It is mostly known due to pathogenic variants causing its deficiency, which results in Raine syndrome (RNS), a sclerosing bone dysplasia with hypophosphatemia. The phenotype is recognized by the skeletal features, which are related to hypophosphorylation of different FAM20C bone-target proteins. However, FAM20C has many targets, including brain proteins and the cerebrospinal fluid phosphoproteome. Individuals with RNS can have developmental delay, intellectual disability, seizures, and structural brain defects, but little is known about FAM20C brain-target-protein dysregulation or about a potential pathogenesis associated with neurologic features. In order to identify the potential FAM20C actions on the brain, an in silico analysis was conducted. Structural and functional defects reported in RNS were described; FAM20C targets and interactors were identified, including their brain expression. Gene ontology of molecular processes, function, and components was completed for these targets, as well as for potential involved signaling pathways and diseases. The BioGRID and Human Protein Atlas databases, the Gorilla tool, and the PANTHER and DisGeNET databases were used. Results show that genes with high expression in the brain are involved in cholesterol and lipoprotein processes, plus axo-dendritic transport and the neuron part. These results could highlight some proteins involved in the neurologic pathogenesis of RNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Colonoscopy is a basic tool in the study of pathology of the colorectal area, as well as one of the pillars of colon and rectal cancer screening. However, it is not a risk-free procedure, some of them with high morbimortality. Case Report: 55-year-old male with chronic alcoholism and hepatopathy due to HCV, COPD. During a study for diarrhea, an ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a 7 mm pancreas tumor, and a diagnostic colonoscopy showed no significant alterations. With the suspicion that the pancreatic lesion could be the cause of the diarrhea, an abdominal scan was performed showing a subcapsular collection at the splenic level of 11 x 3 cm compatible with hematoma without signs of active bleeding. Due to the hemodynamic stability, conservative management was decided, with worsening abdominal pain and hypotension in the following 12 hours. A new imaging test showed an enlarged splenic hematoma and free abdominal fluid suggestive of hemoperitoneum. Urgent surgery found hemoperitoneum secondary to splenic lesion and splenectomy was required. Conclusion: The presence of a possible iatrogenic splenic lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis in a patient with acute onset abdominal pain and anemia or hemodynamic status alteration within the first 24-48 hours after colonoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keratinocyte cancer (KC) is the most common cancer worldwide. It is important to analyze the actual interventions that are available for the prevention of patients with a previous history of a KC. We aim to review the existent literature to assess the efficacy and safety of interventions to prevent KC in patients with a history of previous KC. We searched clinical trials in which the main outcome was the prevention of KC in patients with a previous history of KC using the strategy published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registry), CRD42016045981. We analyzed 18 clinical trials from which eight reported a benefit with their respective intervention but had methodological flaws and a variable risk of bias. Two clinical trials (regarding celecoxib and oral supplementation with nicotinamide) seemed to have the most beneficial results reducing the incidence of KC in treated groups. However, all of the studies are highly heterogeneous, which does not allow a meta‐analysis to be performed. New studies with greater epidemiological value should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a randomized clinical trial comparing two approaches for treating symptomatic choledocholithiasis, a condition characterized by the presence of gallstones in the bile ducts. The study compared the outcomes of patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) alone versus ERCP combined with endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD). The results showed that performing EUS-GBD during the same endoscopic procedure as ERCP reduced the risk of subsequent gallstone-related hospital readmissions without increasing the risk of adverse events or prolonging hospital stays. The study suggests that this combined approach may be beneficial for non-surgical patients with symptomatic choledocholithiasis. [Extracted from the article]

On 23 June 1972, the Pamplona Encounters Catalogue was finally printed. The festival started on the afternoon of 26 June with the holding of a pelota match and an opening address by the authorities. Over the course of eight days before the well-known festivity of Saint Fermin, Pamplona turned itself into the capital of art. The article not only speaks about the event but also focuses on the document designed by Jose Luis Alexanco, which is the advertisement for the celebration that had the power to bring together artists from different disciplines and from different countries in a Spanish city during the last years of Francoism. The catalogue has become an authentic artwork because of its interest and rareness, the graphic project for the imagined celebration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic could have provoked undesirable harmful effects on movement behaviours among children. Objective: To compare levels of physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB), and sleep time in children prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic (after the lockdown) and to determine the association between changes in moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), total PA (TPA), SB, and sleep time between mothers and fathers with their children. Methods: A total of 110 children (aged 4–7 years) and their parents (63 mothers and 52 fathers) wore GENEActiv accelerometers for 6 days (4 weekdays and 2 weekend days) prior to the pandemic and 1 year into the pandemic to assess SB, MVPA, TPA, and sleep time. Results: Children performed more MVPA on weekdays (p = 0.002), had higher SB (p = 0.001), and slept fewer hours during the pandemic than before (p < 0.001). Likewise, children performed more weekend day MVPA and TPA (p < 0.001) during the pandemic, and slept less than prior to the pandemic (p = 0.002). On weekdays, an increase in mother's MVPA and TPA (categorized as tertiles) was associated with higher increased on MVPA (p = 0.030) and TPA in their children (p = 0.023), respectively. On weekends, an increase in mother's MVPA was also associated with higher increases in MVPA (p = 0.011) in their children. Conclusion: During the pandemic, children got more MVPA, more SB, and slept fewer hours than before. Changes in PA seem to be associated with mother's behaviours, especially during weekdays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To know what the role of the family is in the development of skills to access and remain in the labor market. Methodology. Qualitative approach, documentary method, and descriptive scope. A panoramic search was carried out in the databases subscribed by Universidad de La Sabana and Google Scholar. Subsequently, an open and close categorization and its analysis was carried out. Results and conclusion. A gap in the literature was found regarding the role of the family in the development these skills. It was found that most of the documents refer to the importance of developing skills in vulnerable populations. Likewise, it was found that the programs for the development of skills show the importance of developing skills not only for those who require them but also for parents and caregivers who teach through modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision support systems are appropriate tools for guiding policymaking processes, especially in mental health (MH), where care provision should be delivered in a balanced and integrated way. This study aims to develop an analytical process for (i) assessing the performance of an MH ecosystem and (ii) identifying benchmark and target-for-improvement catchment areas. MH provision (inpatient, day and outpatient types of care) was analysed in the Mental Health Network of Gipuzkoa (Osakidetza, Basque Country, Spain) using a decision support system that integrated data envelopment analysis, Monte Carlo simulation and artificial intelligence. The unit of analysis was the 13 catchment areas defined by a reference MH centre. MH ecosystem performance was assessed by the following indicators: relative technical efficiency, stability and entropy to guide organizational interventions. Globally, the MH system of Gipuzkoa showed high efficiency scores in each main type of care (inpatient, day and outpatient), but it can be considered unstable (small changes can have relevant impacts on MH provision and performance). Both benchmark and target-for-improvement areas were identified and described. This article provides a guide for evidence-informed decision-making and policy design to improve the continuity of MH care after inpatient discharges. The findings show that it is crucial to design interventions and strategies (i) considering the characteristics of the area to be improved and (ii) assessing the potential impact on the performance of the global MH care ecosystem. For performance improvement, it is recommended to reduce admissions and readmissions for inpatient care, increase workforce capacity and utilization of day care services and increase the availability of outpatient care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rehabilitation services have a key role in ensuring integrated and comprehensive mental health (MH) care in the community for people suffering from long-term and severe mental disorders. MH-supported accommodation services aim to promote service users' autonomy and independence. Given the complexity associated with MH-supported accommodation services in England, a comparative evaluation of critical performance indicators, including service provision and quality of care, seems to be necessary in designing evidence-informed policies. This study aims to explore the influence of service quality indicators on the performance of MH-supported accommodation services in England. The analysed sample includes supported accommodation services from 14 nationally representative local authorities in England from the QuEST study grouped by three main types of care: residential care homes (divided into two subgroups: move-on and non-move-on oriented), supported housing and floating outreach. EDeS-MH (efficient decision support-mental health) was used to assess the performance indicators for the selected services by combining a Monte Carlo simulation engine, data envelopment analysis and a fuzzy inference engine for integrating expert knowledge. Depending on the type of care, six/seven quality domains were sequentially included after a baseline scenario (only technical) was analysed. Relative technical efficiency scores for the baseline scenarios revealed high performance in all the selected supported accommodation services, but the statistical variability was high. Quality domains significantly improved performance in every type of care. The inclusion of quality indicators has a positive impact on the global performance of each type of care. Remaining at the corresponding services more than expected for two years has a negative impact on performance. These findings can be considered from a planning perspective to facilitate the design of pathways of care with more realistic expectations about gaining autonomy in two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calvin's political doctrine stems from his ecclesiology, in response to both the Papal doctrine on the delegate power of the magistrates and the Lutheran subordination of the Church to the civil authorities. He was not concerned with discussing the best possible form of secular government, but rather with preparing a theological justification of civil power that would make it depend exclusively on God, not on the people. I will hold that Calvin regards the people's function as merely instrumental: they accept the authority chosen by God, but do not institute it. Political vocation and the transmission of power that is indispensable to it both derive uniquely and exclusively from God. The discrepancies apparent in different authors' interpretations can be clarified by recovering the context of his argumentation. This is the central objective of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fuegian sprat, Sprattus fuegensis, plays a key trophic role in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Growth and survival of small pelagic fishes like sprat are strongly affected by environmental variability and can determine recruitment success. We estimated the nucleic acid composition and assessed with a standardized RNA/DNA index (sRD) the nutritional condition of 273 larvae, metamorphosing, and juvenile Fuegian sprat from two environmentally distinct habitats: the waters off Tierra del Fuego (TDF) and the Marine Protected Area Namuncurá/Burdwood Bank (MPAN/BB). A similar ontogenetic pattern, in which nucleic acid concentrations decreased and sRD increased with increasing standard length (SL) among larval stages was observed in both habitats. A higher percentage of preflexion larvae were under the sRD threshold for growth and optimal growth performance, with sRD values being significantly higher in TDF. Postflexion larvae in both habitats showed maximum sRD values, suggesting that both habitats are suitable nursery grounds. In contrast, metamorphosing and juvenile sprat (only captured in TDF) had consistently low nucleic acid concentrations and sRD values despite increasing SL. Environmental forcing (temperature, salinity, and station depth) was assessed over size‐corrected larval sRD. The best model included a negative response to station depth, and the effect of processes associated with this factor are discussed. Although further analyses are needed to reveal underlying dynamics determining early development, these results comprise a baseline for future monitoring approaches on Fuegian sprat life traits and factors affecting their recruitment in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Treatment of renal cancer has significantly improved with the arrival to the clinic of kinase inhibitors and immunotherapies. However, the disease is still incurable in advanced stages. The fact that several approved inhibitors for kidney cancer target receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) suggests that these proteins play a critical role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Based on these precedents, we decided to explore whether RTKs other than those targeted by approved drugs, contribute to the development of kidney cancer. Methods: The activation status of 49 RTKs in 44 paired samples of normal and tumor kidney tissue was explored using antibody arrays, with validation by western blotting. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were followed to study the biological implications of targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligand Transforming Growth Factor-α (TGFα). Results: Activation of the EGFR was found in a substantial number of tumors. Moreover, kidney tumors expressed elevated levels of TGFα. Down-regulation of EGFR or TGFα using RNAi or their pharmacological targeting with blocking antibodies resulted in inhibition of the proliferation of in vitro cellular models of renal cancer. Importantly, differences in the molecular forms of TGFα expressed by tumors and normal tissues were found. In fact, tumor TGFα was membrane anchored, while that expressed by normal kidney tissue was proteolytically processed. Conclusions: The EGFR-TGFα axis plays a relevant role in the pathophysiology of kidney cancer. This study unveils a distinctive feature in renal cell carcinomas, which is the presence of membrane-anchored TGFα. That characteristic could be exploited therapeutically to act on tumors expressing transmembrane TGFα, for example, with antibody drug conjugates that could recognize the extracellular region of that protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ductal access and drainage (EUS-DAD) of biliary/pancreatic ducts after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is less invasive than percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). The actual need for EUS-DAD remains unknown. We aimed to determine how often EUS-DAD is needed to overcome ERCP failure.Methods: Consecutive duct access procedures (n = 2205; 95 % biliary) performed between June 2013 and November 2015 at a tertiary-care center were reviewed. ERCP was used first line, EUS-DAD as salvage after ERCP, and PTBD when both had failed. Procedures were defined as "index" in patients without prior endoscopic duct access and "combined" when EUS-DAD followed successful ERCP. The main outcomes were the EUS-DAD and PTBD rates.Results: EUS-DAD was performed in 7.7 % (170/2205) of overall procedures: 9.1 % (116/1274) index and 5.8 % (54/931) follow-up. Most index EUS-DADs were performed following (46 %) or anticipating (39 %) ERCP failure, whereas 15 % followed successful ERCP (combined procedures). Among index procedures, the EUS-DAD rate was higher in surgically altered anatomy (58.2 % [39 /67)] vs. 6.4 % [77/1207]); PTBD was required in 0.2 % (3/1274). Among follow-up procedures, ERCP represented 85.7 %, cholangiopancreatography through mature transmural fistulas 8.5 %, and EUS-DAD 5.8 %; no patient required PTBD. The secondary PTBD rate was 0.1 % (3/2205). Six primary PTBDs were performed (overall PTBD rate 0.4 % [9/2205]).Conclusions: EUS-DAD was required in 7.7 % of ERCPs for benign and malignant biliary/pancreatic duct indications. Salvage PTBD was required in 0.1 %. This high EUS-DAD rate reflects disease complexity, a wide definition of ERCP failure, and restrictive PTBD use, not poor ERCP skills. EUS-DAD effectively overcomes the limitations of ERCP eliminating the need for primary and salvage PTBD in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mental health care systems have been dramatically affected by COVID-19. Containment measures have been imposed, with negative consequences on population mental health. Therefore, an increase in both symptomatology and mental disorder incidence is expected. This research aims to identify, describe and assess the empirical background on online strategies and recommendations developed by international organizations and governments to cope with the psychological impact of COVID-19 at a very early stage of the pandemic. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines were adapted to review online documents. A new questionnaire was developed to identify the existence of common patterns in the selected documents. Questions were classified into three domains: COVID-19 information, mental health strategies and mental health recommendations. A two-step cluster analysis was carried out to highlight underlying behaviours in the data (patterns). The results are shown as spider graphs (pattern profiles) and conceptual maps (multidimensional links between questions). Results: Twenty-six documents were included in the review. The questionnaire analysed document complexity and identified their common key mental health characteristics (i.e., does the respondent have the tools for dealing with stress, depression and anxiety?). Cluster analysis highlighted patterns from the questionnaire domains. Strong relationships between questions were identified, such as psychological tips for maintaining good mental health and coping with COVID-19 (question n° 4), describing some psychological skills to help people cope with anxiety and worry about COVID-19 (question n° 6) and promoting social connection at home (question n° 8). Conclusions: When fast results are needed to develop health strategies and policies, rapid reviews associated with statistical and graphical methods are essential. The results obtained from the proposed analytical procedure can be relevant to a) classify documents according to their complexity in structuring the information provided on how to cope with the psychological impact of COVID-19, b) develop new documents according to specific objectives matching population needs, c) improve document design to face unforeseen events, and d) adapt new documents to local situations. In this framework, the relevance of adapting e-mental health procedures to community mental health care model principles was highlighted, although some problems related to the digital gap must be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HSS herbarium database includes 69,397 records of vascular plant taxa, representing 91.1% of the herbarium's specimens as for December, 2019, which are available through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) website (accessible at https://doi.org/10.15468/siye1z). The database represents 4,343 species and 787 infraspecific taxa (530 subspecies, 130 varieties and 127 notho-species or hybrids) of 196 families and 1,164 genera, and 105 type sheets. So far, 97.7% of the databased records are georeferenced (geographic coordinates or MRGS coordinates) and the geographic area with the largest number of specimens is the southwest quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social axioms or general social beliefs represent people's cognitive map of their social world acquired through social experiences. Empirical research has related the central constructs in the study of psychology and social axioms, establishing a broad nomological network in various cultural settings. This paper studies the validity of the Social Axioms Survey II (SAS-II) short form, Spanish version, on the individual level in Melilla as North Africa´s borderland. Participants were 410 high school students from 14 to 18 years of age. The reliability analysis, the discriminant validity analysis, and the confirmatory factor analysis through the structural model equation, showed similar results to previous studies in other contexts and allowing the use of the survey in Melilla. In addition it is presented a fitted model that improves the psychometric results showing significant differences with the initial model. The confirmatory multi-group analysis of the fitted model shows measurement invariance across educational centers, allowing new research possibilities in the cultural context of Melilla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the possibility to measure changes in internal stress in ferromagnetic steels using magnetostatic methods. The device consists of a permanent magnet placed close to the steel piece and a magnetic probe between both elements. The magnetostatic field measured by using the probe is partially due to the magnetization of the steel piece. Internal stress variations in the steel alter its magnetic permeability due to the magnetoelastic effect, varying the magnetostatic field measured by using the probe. For the device we present here, the relative variation of the measured magnetic field is of the order of 1.7 × 10−5/MPa of internal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During tumor development, tissue necrosis appears as a natural phenomenon directly associated with an increase in tumor size. The aim of this study was to assess the use of ultrasound (US) for predicting natural tumor necrosis in a rat liver implant model of colorectal cancer. To achieve this goal, we sought to establish a correlation between US-measured tumor volume, serum enzyme levels and histopathological findings, particularly those regarding necrosis phenomena in liver implants. Under US guidance, CC531 colorectal cancer cells were injected into the left liver lobe of WAG/RijHsd rats. Twenty-eight days after cell inoculation, tumor volume was measured by US, and rats were sacrificed to obtain samples of tumor tissue as well as blood serum. In hematoxylin and eosin-stained tumor samples, the percentage of tumor that was necrotic was estimated. The association between percentage tumor necrosis and US-measured tumor volume was assessed by univariate logistic regression analysis, and a linear regression equation was obtained. Serum enzyme levels did not differ significantly between tumor-bearing and tumor-free rats. Tumor implants appeared as well-defined hyper-echoic regions with a mean volume of 0.61 ± 0.39 mL and tumor necrosis percentage of 8.6 ± 7.7%. Linear regression analysis revealed a very strong relationship (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.911) between US-measured tumor volume and tumor necrosis percentage; the regression equation was tumor necrosis percentage = 21 × US-measured tumor volume (in mL) - 3.1. The study found US to be a useful tool in animal-based trials. Tumors inside the liver (ranging in volume from 0.24-1.37 mL) can be observed by US, and moreover, US-measured tumor volume on day 28 can be used to estimate tumor necrosis occurring as the natural evolution of tumor implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of an asymptomatic gastroduodenal artery aneurysm diagnosed in a 39 year-old woman. An abdominal ultrasound study showed an aneurysmal dilatation of the gastroduodenal artery with 2 x 2 cm diameter. To confirm this finding, she then underwent a computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis that showed a saccular aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery. A dual endovascular approach was used to exclude the aneurysm by stent-assisted coil embolization. Complete exclusion of the aneurysm sac was confirmed on final angiography. She was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nd-Co amorphous magnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have been grown on nanostructured templates prepared with self-organized di-block poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymer layers with a periodic structure of 60 nm spaced pores. These templates modify both the magnetic film topography and mechanical strain on a local scale. The effect of these structural changes is particularly noticeable in the low thickness range of the magnetic films where the transition from in-plane to out-of plane magnetization takes place. The Nd-Co films grown on the copolymer template present lower perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and, also, stronger stripe domain pinning effects in comparison with reference films grown on flat Si substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfranchises (MFs), as an innovative organizational model, aim to enhance the productive capacity of the base of the pyramid (BoP) population in diverse contexts. We provide original insights into the underexplored role of MFs in the socioeconomic inclusion of victims of the conflict and former combatants in conflict settings while advancing theory-building in overlooked areas. To bridge these gaps, we use grounded theory in exploratory analysis of the total population sampling of 17 Colombian social enterprises/seven MFs financed by the United Nations Development Program and Inter-American Development Bank. Our results suggest that MFs were the most adopted organizational model in post-conflict Colombia, promoting the inclusion of victims and ex-combatants who collaboratively create contextualized solutions and prioritize community well-being, which has led to the development of a new iteration of the BoP model – BoP 4.0 - closely aligned with MFs, an innovative sustainable business typology developed. Its focus on Colombian social enterprises in post-conflict settings delimited this research. Thus, generalizing these findings beyond this context should be approached with caution. This study marks a significant contribution by revealing the pivotal role of MFs in promoting socioeconomic inclusion for victims in conflict-affected regions. Furthermore, it introduces the innovative concept of BoP 4.0, representing an evolution in sustainable business typology within the BoP framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of airport activities on air quality, is not sufficiently documented. In order to better understand the magnitude and properly assess the sources of emissions in the sector, it is necessary to establish databases with real data on those pollutants that could have the greatest impact on both health and the environment. Particulate matter (PM), especially ultrafine particles, are a research priority, not only because of its physical properties, but also because of its ability to bind highly toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples of PM were collected in the ambient air around the runways at Barajas International Airport (Madrid, Spain) during October, November and December 2021. Samples were gathered using three different sampling systems and analysed to determine the concentration of PAHs bound to PM. A high-volume air sampler, a Berner low-pressure impactor, and an automated off-line sampler developed in-house were used. The agreement between the samplers was statistically verified from the PM and PAH results. The highest concentration of PM measured was 31 μg m−3, while the concentration of total PAH was 3 ng m−3, both comparable to those recorded in a semi-urban area of Madrid. The PAHs showed a similar profile to the particle size distribution, with a maximum in the 0.27–0.54 μm size range, being preferentially found in the submicron size fractions, with more than 84% and around 15–20% associated to UFPs. It was found that the ratio [PAHs(m)/PM(m)] was around 10–4 in the warmer period (October), whereas it more than doubled in the colder months (November–December). It is significant the shift in the relative distribution of compounds within these two periods, with a notable increase in the 5 and 6 ring proportions in the colder period. This increase was probably due to the additional contribution of other external sources, possibly thermal and related to combustion processes, as supported by the PAH diagnostic ratios. [Display omitted] • PM and PAH at runaways of Barajas Airport were below the EU Directives limit values. • Low and high volume samplers were comparable for PM and PAH measurements. • PAH profiles similar to particle size distribution with mode at range 0,27–0,54 μm. • More than 85% of measured PAHs bound to submicron particles and 15–20% to UFPs. • Abundance of Higher MW PAHs linked to submicron particles during the colder months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A transcriptomic analysis of endometriosis and comparison tissues has been conducted, revealing a rich and complex catalogue of single-cell-based expression data. This resource is an invaluable building block towards single cell profiling at scale, aiding research into endometriosis pathogenesis and new ways of diagnosing and treating the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) has proved effective in patients with cholecystitis at high surgical risk. The long-term risks of gallstone-related disease and stent-related adverse events are unknown. Methods We performed a retrospective evaluation of a case series including subjects who underwent EUS-GBD using lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS). Patients were identified from a prospective LAMS registry at a single tertiary center. Patients with a stent indwell time <1 year were excluded. Data regarding stent deployment and adverse events were retrieved from the prospective LAMS registry, while emergency room visits, admissions and causes of death were retrieved from electronic medical records. Results We included 22 patients with a median age of 88.3 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 82.6-92.7), 14 (63.6%) were male. Median follow up was 24.4 months (IQR: 18.2-42.4) and median time to the last available imaging procedure was 607 days (IQR: 463-938). No LAMS-related adverse events were identified beyond the first year of follow up. During follow up, 12 patients (54.5%) visited the emergency room 34 times (1 visit/patient, IQR: 0-3) and a total of 36 hospital admissions were required, with a median of 1 admission/patient (IQR: 0-3). Fourteen (63.6%) patients died during follow up. Only 1 patient (4.5%) required new hospital admissions for gallstone-related disease. Conclusions There were no adverse events beyond the first year after stent deployment, with only 4.5% of subjects requiring gallstone-related admissions. Permanent EUS-GBD with LAMS may be a definitive treatment for acute cholecystitis in patients ineligible for cholecystectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the philosopher of Rotterdam, religious coercion has two essential sources of illegitimacy: the linking of religious and ecclesiastical belief and the use of politics for religious purposes. Bayle responds to it, with his doctrine of freedom of conscience, on one hand and by means of the essential distinction between voluntary religious affiliation and political obligation, on the other hand. From my perspective, his doctrine of tolerance does not involve an atheist state, nor does it mean the rejection of the presence of religion in the public space or its displacement to the intimate sphere of the conscience. This paper proposes a reading of Baylean tolerance as a political doctrine that allows the articulation between freedom of conscience (individual), minority confessions (private associations), and official religion (established church). Thus, the Baylean theoretical model could be considered a proposal to provide a normative form to the practice of toleration present in the seventeenth -century Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current prevalence of mental disorders demands improved ways of the management and planning of mental health (MH) services. Relative technical efficiency (RTE) is an appropriate and robust indicator to support decision-making in health care, but it has not been applied significantly in MH. This article systematically reviews the empirical background of RTE in MH services following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Finally, 13 studies were included, and the findings provide new standard classifications of RTE variables, efficiency determinants and strategies to improve MH management and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence-informed strategic planning is a top priority in Mental Health (MH) due to the burden associated with this group of disorders and its societal costs. However, MH systems are highly complex, and decision support tools should follow a systems thinking approach that incorporates expert knowledge. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new Decision Support System (DSS) to improve knowledge on the health ecosystem, resource allocation and management in regional MH planning. The Efficient Decision Support-Mental Health (EDeS-MH) is a DSS that integrates an operational model to assess the Relative Technical Efficiency (RTE) of small health areas, a Monte-Carlo simulation engine (that carries out the Monte-Carlo simulation technique), a fuzzy inference engine prototype and basic statistics as well as system stability and entropy indicators. The stability indicator assesses the sensitivity of the model results due to data variations (derived from structural changes). The entropy indicator assesses the inner uncertainty of the results. RTE is multidimensional, that is, it was evaluated by using 15 variable combinations called scenarios. Each scenario, designed by experts in MH planning, has its own meaning based on different types of care. Three management interventions on the MH system in Bizkaia were analysed using key performance indicators of the service availability, placement capacity in day care, health care workforce capacity, and resource utilisation data of hospital and community care. The potential impact of these interventions has been assessed at both local and system levels. The system reacts positively to the proposals by a slight increase in its efficiency and stability (and its corresponding decrease in the entropy). However, depending on the analysed scenario, RTE, stability and entropy statistics can have a positive, neutral or negative behaviour. Using this information, decision makers can design new specific interventions/policies. EDeS-MH has been tested and face-validated in a real management situation in the Bizkaia MH system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure rate of development of new drugs in oncology is high, with up to 95% of drugs tested in Phase I not reaching the market. Causes behind this high failure rate are discussed here, and solutions to increase the success in the development of antitumor drugs are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Accurate optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps would allow implementing a resect and discard strategy. We evaluated the learning curve of a single training session followed by self-education in subjects with no endoscopic experience.Methods: Learning curves were evaluated in 38 subjects employing learning curve-cumulative summation (LC-CUSUM) tests, with each participant attending one training session regarding narrow band imaging and optical diagnosis and then individually assessing 100 lesions, receiving feedback after each diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy was subsequently evaluated in 180 patients with lesions ≤ 7 mm. Evaluators predicted each polyp's histology and recommended a surveillance interval. Determinants of accuracy were explored using regression analysis.Results: According to the LC-CUSUM curve, 20 evaluators (52.6%) reached diagnostic competence after 57 lesions (IQR 55-76.5). During the diagnostic performance assessment, 11,666 diagnoses and 6840 follow-up recommendations were generated. Considering high confidence diagnoses, accuracy was 81.3% (80.5-82.1%), negative predictive value (NPV) for rectosigmoid adenomas 78.6% (76.4-80.6%), and sensitivity for adenomas 86.6% (85.8-87.4%). Two (5.3%) evaluators reached a ≥ 90% accuracy, 3 (7.9%) presented a NPV for rectosigmoid adenomas ≥ 90%, and 18 (47.4%) a sensitivity for adenomas ≥ 90%. Multivariable logistic regression showed high confidence and size ≥ 5 mm as the strongest predictors of accuracy. Fifteen (39.5%) evaluators recommended a correct or reduced follow-up interval in over 90% of subjects.Conclusions: Self-formation after a single training session did not allow most evaluators to reach the required accuracy. LC-CUSUM tests did not identify competent evaluators. Despite these results, 86.7% of follow-up intervals would have been corrected or reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an exhaustive analysis of the partial discharges that originate in the bubbles present in dielectric mineral oils is carried out. To achieve this, a low-cost, high-resolution CMOS image sensor is used. Partial discharge measurements using that image sensor are validated by a standard electrical detection system that uses a discharge capacitor. In order to accurately identify the images corresponding to partial discharges, a convolutional neural network is trained using a large set of images captured by the image sensor. An image classification model is also developed using deep learning with a convolutional network based on a TensorFlow and Keras model. The classification results of the experiments show that the accuracy achieved by our model is around 95% on the validation set and 82% on the test set. As a result of this work, a non-destructive diagnosis method has been developed that is based on the use of an image sensor and the design of a convolutional neural network. This approach allows us to obtain information about the state of mineral oils before breakdown occurs, providing a valuable tool for the evaluation and maintenance of these dielectric oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Interest in 3D printing for orthopedic surgery has been increasing since its progressive adoption in most of the hospitals around the world. The aim of the study is to describe all the current applications of 3D printing in patients undergoing hip surgery of any type at the present time. Materials and Methods: We conducted a systematic narrative review of publications indexed in MedLine through the search engine PubMed, with the following parameters: 3D printing AND (orthopedics OR traumatology) NOT tissue engineering NOT scaffold NOT in vitro and deadline 31 July 2023. After reading the abstracts of the articles, papers were selected according to the following criteria: full text in English or Spanish and content related to hip surgery. Those publications involving experimental studies (in vitro or with anatomical specimens) or 3D printing outside of hospital facilities as well as 3D-printed commercial implants were excluded. Results are presented as a reference guide classified by disease, including the used software and the steps required for the development of the idea. Results: We found a total of 27 indications for in-house 3D printing for hip surgery, which are described in the article. Conclusions: There are many surgical applications of 3D printing in hip surgery, most of them based on CT images. Most of the publications lack evidence, and further randomized studies should be encouraged to assess the advantages of these indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at providing recommendations concerning the validation of analytical protocols by using routine samples. It is intended to provide a case-study on how to validate the analytical methods in different environmental matrices. In order to analyze the selected compounds (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls) in two different environmental matrices, the current work has performed and validated two analytical procedures by GC-MS. A description is given of the validation of the two protocols by the analysis of more than 30 samples of water and sediments collected along nine months. The present work also scopes the uncertainty associated with both analytical protocols. In detail, uncertainty of water sample was performed through a conventional approach. However, for the sediments matrices, the estimation of proportional/constant bias is also included due to its inhomogeneity. Results for the sediment matrix are reliable, showing a range 25–35% of analytical variability associated with intermediate conditions. The analytical methodology for the water matrix determines the selected compounds with acceptable recoveries and the combined uncertainty ranges between 20 and 30%. Analyzing routine samples is rarely applied to assess trueness of novel analytical methods and up to now this methodology was not focused on organochlorine compounds in environmental matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, titanium phosphate nanoparticles were modified with different electroactive metals (cadmium, bismuth, copper, silver and mercury), by a cation-exchange reaction. The amount of metal introduced into the nanoparticles depended strongly on the counter-ion used during the exchange reaction and the type of metal. Nanoparticles with a high metallic load could be generated. The electrolytic medium played an important role in the detection of these metal-modified nanoparticles, since the use of acid makes it possible to extract a large part of the introduced metal by reversing the cation-exchange reaction. The application of these nanoparticles in electrochemical detection was evaluated, the nanoparticles modified with copper and mercury proving superior in terms of sensitivity and selectivity in multiplex detection. As a proof of concept, these nanoparticles were used as labels in a multiplex electrochemical biosensor for the simultaneous detection of two analytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Newborns from Neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are at high-risk for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) a follow-up is needed for early diagnosis and intervention. Our objective here was to describe the features and changes of SNHL at different periods during a follow-up of almost 20 years. Methods Risk factors for SNHL during development were analyzed. The audiological examination included: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). At birth; tonal audiometry (between 125 and 8000 Hz), and tympanometry were performed at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of age. Results Sixty-five percent of cases presented bilateral absence of BAEP. At 5 years of age, the most frequent SNHL level was severe (42.5%), followed by moderate (22.5%), and profound level (20%), in all cases, the SNHL was symmetrical with a predominance of lesion for the high frequencies. Exchange transfusion was associated with a higher degree of SNHL (OR = 6.00, CI = 1.11–32.28, p < 0.02). In 55%, SNHL remained stable, but in 40% of the cases it was progressive. At the end of the study six cases with moderate loss progressed to the severe level and seven cases with severe level progressed to profound. Conclusions Forty percent of infants with SNHL discharged from NICU may present a progression in the hearing loss. Exchange transfusion was associated with a higher degree of SNHL. NICU graduates with SNHL merit a long-term audiological follow-up throughout their lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A miniaturized analytical procedure to determine selected polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in low mass loadings (<10 mg) of particulate matter (PM) is evaluated. The proposed method is based on a simple sonication/agitation method using small amounts of solvent for extraction. The use of a reduced sample size of particulate matter is often limiting for allowing the quantification of analytes. This also leads to the need for changing analytical procedures and evaluating its performance. The trueness and precision of the proposed method were tested using ambient air samples. Analytical results from the proposed method were compared with those of pressurized liquid and microwave extractions. Selected PACs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs)) were determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FD). Taking results from pressurized liquid extractions as reference values, recovery rates of sonication/agitation method were over 80% for the most abundant PAHs. Recovery rates of selected NPAHs were lower. Enhanced rates were obtained when methanol was used as a modifier. Intermediate precision was estimated by data comparison from two mathematical approaches: normalized difference data and pooled relative deviations. Intermediate precision was in the range of 10–20%. The effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated in PM aerosol samples collected with very low mass loadings (<0.2 mg) during characterization studies from turbofan engine exhausts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

José Moreno Villa was a writer, art critic and painter who ran the journal Arquitectura between 1927 and 1933, where he did an extraordinary job of popularizing modern architecture. The article looks back at the person who was witness to and protagonist of the avant-garde movement in Spain, based on a short article published in the journal A.C. It is accompanied by reproductions of two of his paintings, in which he emphasizes the relationship between painting and architecture from an original and unorthodox standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For most interpreters of the philosopher from Rotterdam, his political doctrine is solely a consequence of his religious and moral doctrines, and so an image of Bayle as a political philosopher is not usually presented. To my mind, however, only by analyzing his political doctrine can the extent of his religious proposal be understood. In this article, I intend to show that both the Baylean criticism of popular sovereignty and his rejection of the right of resistance are analyses that are indissociable from the Baylean doctrine of tolerance. The protection of individual freedom of conscience and the defense of a multi-confessional state model, tolerant regarding religious minorities, can only be articulated as historical reality if they rest on the political doctrine of indivisible sovereignty and on the strictest separation between political obedience and religious membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]