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Garanties bij overnames; een andere kijk?: In deze bijdrage doet de auteur een poging garantie juridisch precies te duiden is. De theorievorming omtrent dit begrip heeft naar de mening van de auteur niet tot enig inzicht geleid dat relevant is voor de rechtspraktijk. Hierbij merkt de auteur vooraf wel op dat hij bij zijn benadering van garanties een 'out of the box'-route zal volgen, waarbij hij de lezer voorhoudt het ook vooral met hem oneens te zijn. Met andere woorden: hij zoekt de prikkeling van het debat op, zonder daarbij te willen pretenderen de wijsheid in pacht te hebben [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a corpus-based study about differences in micro-function combination patterns in German and Spanish warranties for household appliances. Firstly the micro-functional text analysis approach is described. This methodology makes feasible an empirically motivated stylistic description of specialised texts. The first large-scale micro-functional text-type analysis was carried out in the stylistic description of German and Spanish employment contracts. The second part of the paper analyses the micro-functional composition of German and Spanish warranties and some text specific combination patterns as well as their language specific differences. It will be shown that in contrast to German warranties, in Spanish warranties obligations tend to be expressed as dependent clauses which are subordinate to independent clauses that reaffirm the validity of the warranty. Moreover it becomes clear that most of these obligations are formulated in an indirect way. Finally possible reasons for the findings are explained by means of the politeness theory and language typology with the results claiming that Spanish texts are more prone to avoid face-threatening acts than German ones and that they are also more explicit in expression. The paper ends with the implications these findings hold for the linguistic adequacy of translations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

US policy makers are currently evaluating options to reduce domestic carbon dioxide emissions, and several economy-wide cap-and-trade proposals have been put forward in the 111th Congress. Despite mounting enthusiasm for cap-and-trade, advocates of this approach have had to defend such proposals against the criticisms that prices in the resulting carbon market will be unstable and that the implied costs of policy might exceed society's willingness to pay for the expected environmental benefits. Allowance borrowing has been proposed as one solution to both of these concerns, with firm-level borrowing intended to mitigate the impacts of transient cost shocks, and system-level borrowing intended to hedge against the risk of early technology bottlenecks. Each of these mechanisms, as proposed, relies upon prescribed constraints, such as interest payments or quantity limits, to protect against overuse. This article introduces a novel mechanism that offers qualitatively similar protection - a firm-level deposit on borrowed allowances that is refundable upon repayment of the emissions debt. However, the deposit mechanism is shown to be both more economically efficient and more effective in mitigating performance risk, when compared to the existing alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]