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Light conversion films are crucial for optimizing vegetable crop production in greenhouses, particularly during winter and spring seasons. This study investigated the effects of a europium-based light conversion film (RPO) compared to traditional polyolefin film (PO film, control) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivation, focusing on handle length, yield, and fruit quality in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results demonstrated that RPO film significantly enhanced multiple light parameters: overall transmittance (8.5% increase), far-red radiation (710–760 nm, 17% increase), red-orange radiation (610–709 nm, 9.8% increase), and blue radiation (440–509 nm, 9.6% increase). The film also increased average light intensity (400–700 nm) by 13% and maximum temperature by 13%. Conversely, it reduced ultraviolet radiation (300–399 nm) by 38%, violet radiation (400–439 nm) by 3.3%, and green radiation (510–609 nm) by 5.7%. The modified light environment substantially improved cucumber production metrics. Handle length ratio decreased by 24% due to reduced cell numbers, while yield increased by 30%. Fruit quality parameters showed significant improvements: soluble protein (25% increase), vitamin C (27% increase), free amino acids (28% increase), and soluble solids (9% increase), with a 35% reduction in organic acid content. Notably, both auxin synthesis gene expression and auxin content in cucumber handles decreased by 87% and 24%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G. We say that H has an IC-property if the intersection of H and [ H , G ] satisfy some conditions. In this paper, we investigate the structure of a finite group G under the assumption that some maximal subgroups, 2-maximal subgroups, 3-maximal subgroups of G have the ICp-property and obtain some new characterizations of p-solvable and solvable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA subgroup S of a finite group G is called a p-sylowizer of a p-subgroup R in G if S is maximal in G with respect to having R as its Sylow p-subgroup. In this paper, we investigate pF -hypercentrally embedded structure of finite groups by using p-sylowizers of some p-subgroups with fixed order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subgroup H of a group G is called an ℋ C -subgroup of G if there exists a normal subgroup T of G such that G = H T and H g ∩ N T (H) ≤ H for all g ∈ G. In this paper, we obtain new criteria for a normal subgroup to be contained in the p -hypercenter of a finite group by assuming that some of its subgroups are ℋ C -subgroups. Our results generalize and uniform many known results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low Ag lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solders have attracted great interest due to their good drop resistance, high welding reliability, and low melting point. However, low Ag may lead to the degradation of the mechanical properties. Micro-alloying is an effective approach to improving the properties of SAC alloys. In this paper, the effects of minor additions of Sb, In, Ni, and Bi on microstructure, thermal and mechanical properties of Sn-1 wt.%Ag-0.5 wt.%Cu (SAC105) were systematically investigated. It is found that the microstructure can be refined with intermetallic compounds (IMCs) distributed more evenly in the Sn matrix with additions of Sb, In, and Ni, which brings a combined strengthening mechanism, i.e., solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, leading to the tensile strength improved of SAC105. When Ni is substituted by Bi, the tensile strength is further enhanced with a considerable tensile ductility higher than 25%, which still meets the practical demands. At the same time, the melting point is reduced, the wettability is improved, and the creep resistance is enhanced. Among all the investigated solders, SAC105-2Sb-4.4In-0.3Bi alloy possesses the optimized properties, i.e., the lowest melting point, the best wettability, and the highest creep resistance at room temperature, implying that element alloying plays a vital role in improving the performance of SAC105 solders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a finite group and H a subgroup of G. H is said to be N H -embedded in G if there exists a normal subgroup T of G such that H T is a Hall subgroup of G and H ∩ T ≤ H s ̄ G , where H s ̄ G is the largest s -semipermutable subgroup of G contained in H. In this paper, we give some new characterizations of p -nilpotent and supersolvable groups by using N H -embedded subgroups. Some known results are generalized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aircraft wing is the carrier of imaging payload (interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or array SAR) of a high-resolution aerial remote sensing system, and high-precision estimation of wing deformation is the key. There are two main traditional modelling methods for wing deformation, namely stochastic theory modelling and material mechanics modelling only dealing with single disturbance, of which the model parameters are derived from empirical values. Aiming at the complex multi-source disturbance of an aircraft wing, this paper separately probes the influence of external disturbance (air disturbance) and internal disturbance (engine vibration) based on the real-time observation of sensors and classifies the wing deformation on the basis of auto-regressive (AR) modelling for parameter identification. With the authentic flight data of a certain types of aircraft, the experimental analysis shows that the wing deformation under the influence of engine vibration is the 14th-order AR model, and the wing deformation under the influence of turbulence is the fifth-order AR model. Meanwhile, this paper also provides an experimental verification idea for the wing deflection modelling built on the second- or third-order Markov model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the current era of big data, it is critical to address people's demand for health literacy. At present, the traditional mode of communicating scientific health knowledge and information technology is interchangeable, resulting in the emergence of a new mode of communicating health literacy. To publicize health education and health literacy in a targeted way, to meet the public's needs, and to understand how the public's demand for subjects, contents, and forms of health literacy service has changed in the era of COVID-19, the investigation of public's demand for health information and health literacy was conducted. Objective: This study aims to understand the differences in demand for health literacy service providers, contents, channels, forms, and facilities among Chinese citizens with different genders, ages, education levels, economic conditions, and living environments, and to provide reasonable recommendations for developing public health literacy. Methods: Questionnaire Star was used to conduct a large sample of random online surveys. In Wuhan, Hubei Province, 2184 questionnaires were issued, 8 invalid questionnaires were eliminated, and 2176 were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.6%. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was utilized to analyze the survey data. Results: (1) In health literacy service providers selected by the public, the proportion of government departments or government collaboration with other institutions exceeded 73%, indicating that health literacy services are public goods; (2) access to health literacy services was lower in township areas than in urban areas (P < 0.001, 3) internet media and communicating with acquaintances, which have the highest popularity rate, were also the two channels that were least trusted by the public; and (4) the differences in contents and service channels of health literacy among residents with different genders, ages, education levels, economic status, and living environments were statistically significant. Conclusions: (1) It is recommended to establish an integrated health literacy service model with multi-center supply. Government departments, medical institutions, and media should cooperate effectively to provide health literacy services. (2) The government should pay attention to the fairness of health education and strengthen the supply of health literacy services in township areas. (3) It is critical to strengthen the public's ability to discriminate network information and pay attention to scientific thinking cultivation. (4) Health literacy service providers must focus on the differences between public demands and improve the connotation of health literacy services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the current era of big data, it is critical to address people's demand for health literacy. At present, the traditional mode of communicating scientific health knowledge and information technology is interchangeable, resulting in the emergence of a new mode of communicating health literacy. To publicize health education and health literacy in a targeted way, to meet the public's needs, and to understand how the public's demand for subjects, contents, and forms of health literacy service has changed in the era of COVID-19, the investigation of public's demand for health information and health literacy was conducted. Objective: This study aims to understand the differences in demand for health literacy service providers, contents, channels, forms, and facilities among Chinese citizens with different genders, ages, education levels, economic conditions, and living environments, and to provide reasonable recommendations for developing public health literacy. Methods: Questionnaire Star was used to conduct a large sample of random online surveys. In Wuhan, Hubei Province, 2184 questionnaires were issued, 8 invalid questionnaires were eliminated, and 2176 were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.6%. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was utilized to analyze the survey data. Results: (1) In health literacy service providers selected by the public, the proportion of government departments or government collaboration with other institutions exceeded 73%, indicating that health literacy services are public goods; (2) access to health literacy services was lower in township areas than in urban areas (P < 0.001, 3) internet media and communicating with acquaintances, which have the highest popularity rate, were also the two channels that were least trusted by the public; and (4) the differences in contents and service channels of health literacy among residents with different genders, ages, education levels, economic status, and living environments were statistically significant. Conclusions: (1) It is recommended to establish an integrated health literacy service model with multi-center supply. Government departments, medical institutions, and media should cooperate effectively to provide health literacy services. (2) The government should pay attention to the fairness of health education and strengthen the supply of health literacy services in township areas. (3) It is critical to strengthen the public's ability to discriminate network information and pay attention to scientific thinking cultivation. (4) Health literacy service providers must focus on the differences between public demands and improve the connotation of health literacy services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the current era of big data, it is critical to address people's demand for health literacy. At present, the traditional mode of communicating scientific health knowledge and information technology is interchangeable, resulting in the emergence of a new mode of communicating health literacy. To publicize health education and health literacy in a targeted way, to meet the public's needs, and to understand how the public's demand for subjects, contents, and forms of health literacy service has changed in the era of COVID-19, the investigation of public's demand for health information and health literacy was conducted. Objective: This study aims to understand the differences in demand for health literacy service providers, contents, channels, forms, and facilities among Chinese citizens with different genders, ages, education levels, economic conditions, and living environments, and to provide reasonable recommendations for developing public health literacy. Methods: Questionnaire Star was used to conduct a large sample of random online surveys. In Wuhan, Hubei Province, 2184 questionnaires were issued, 8 invalid questionnaires were eliminated, and 2176 were recovered, with an effective rate of 99.6%. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was utilized to analyze the survey data. Results: (1) In health literacy service providers selected by the public, the proportion of government departments or government collaboration with other institutions exceeded 73%, indicating that health literacy services are public goods; (2) access to health literacy services was lower in township areas than in urban areas (P < 0.001, 3) internet media and communicating with acquaintances, which have the highest popularity rate, were also the two channels that were least trusted by the public; and (4) the differences in contents and service channels of health literacy among residents with different genders, ages, education levels, economic status, and living environments were statistically significant. Conclusions: (1) It is recommended to establish an integrated health literacy service model with multi-center supply. Government departments, medical institutions, and media should cooperate effectively to provide health literacy services. (2) The government should pay attention to the fairness of health education and strengthen the supply of health literacy services in township areas. (3) It is critical to strengthen the public's ability to discriminate network information and pay attention to scientific thinking cultivation. (4) Health literacy service providers must focus on the differences between public demands and improve the connotation of health literacy services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A subgroup H of a group G is called an ICΦs -subgroup of G if (H ∩ [ H , G ]) H G / H G ≤ Φ (H / H G) H s G / H G , where H G = ∩ g ∈ G H g and Φ (H / H G) is the Frattini subgroup of H / H G and HsG is the largest s-permutable subgroup of G contained in H. In this paper, we investigate the structure of finite group G under the assumption that some subgroups of G are ICΦs -subgroups of G, some results are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary strategy is one of the most commonly used methods to boost the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) from a binary blend of donor and acceptor. Fullerene derivatives are popular choices for the ternary component as they could benefit the electrical property. However, the ternary component could also affect other physical properties of the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ). Among these properties, heat transfer has rarely been reported, despite its relevance for thermal durability of OSCs. Here, we employ scanning photothermal deflection technique to study thermal diffusion properties of binary PM6:Y7 and ternary PM6:Y7:X BHJs, where X = PC71BM, ICBA, and N2200. It is found that fullerene derivatives deteriorate the thermal diffusivity (D) of blend films and the device thermal durability, despite enhancing the electrical and device performance. In contrast, when an n-type conjugated polymer N2200 is used as the ternary component, both the electrical and thermal properties are enhanced, with improved power conversion efficiency and prolonged device thermal durability. These results offer a perspective on how to choose a favorable third component. Fullerene derivatives are not necessarily the optimal choice for ternary component for BHJ cells because of the inferior thermal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Different kinds of soybean proteins were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5. • Release of bioactive peptides and free amino acids improved the nutritional value. • Proteolysis positively enhanced functional activity, reached the highest at 48 h. • BSNK-5 was a strain with potential for enriching spermidine with health benefits. • Excessive proteolysis had a superior correlation with the formation of off flavor. Microbial fermentation emerges as a promising strategy to elevate the quality of soybean proteins in food industry. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of the biotransformation of four types of soybean proteins by Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5, a proteinase-rich bacterium. BSNK-5 had good adaptability to each protein. Soluble protein, peptides and free amino acids increased in fermented soybean proteins (FSPs) and dominant after 48–84 h fermentation, enhancing nutritional value. Extensive proteolysis of BSNK-5 also improved antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, reaching peak level after 48 h fermentation. Furthermore, excessive proteolysis effectively enhanced the generation of beneficial spermidine without producing toxic histamine after fermentation, and formed the flavor profile with 56 volatiles in 48 h FSPs. Further degradation of amino acids showed a positive correlation with off-flavors, particularly the enrichment of 3-methylbutanoic acid. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for regulating moderate fermentation by BSNK-5 to enabling the high-value utilization of soybean protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding was the main force between SWP and polysaccharides. • The structure of SWP was unfolded due to the addition of polysaccharides. • The complexes with SWP-SA had better functional properties than SWP-CHI and SWP-CAR. • Soy isoflavones were successfully encapsulated in emulsion with SWP and polysaccharides. • The emulsion with SWP- SA had better storage stability than SWP-CHI and SWP-CAR. The use of polysaccharides to recover soybean whey protein (SWP) from whey wastewater is recognized as an effective approach. However, the recovery rate can vary due to differences in the structure and compound ratios of the polysaccharides involved. The interaction between SWP and polysaccharides (sodium alginate, SA; chitosan, CHI; carrageenan, CAR) at different ratio was investigated. We harnessed these complexes to fabricate emulsions aimed at delivering soybean isoflavones. The results showed that the addition of polysaccharides unfolded the structure of SWP. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds within SWP-SA were stronger than those of the other complexes. These structural changes showed consistency across different ratios. The mean particle size of the complexes increased. SWP-SA exhibited the lowest interfacial tension. The emulsion with SWP-SA at 300 W demonstrated superior stability, and the bioavailability of soybean isoflavones increased by 3–6 %. These results shed light on the promising potential of polysaccharide-based strategies for SWP recovery and the effective delivery of soybean isoflavones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtain a refined Young type inequality in this paper. The conclusion is presented as follows: Let A, B ∈ B(𝓗) be two positive operators and p ∈ [0, 1], then A ♯ p B + G ∗ (A ♯ p B) G ≤ A ∇ p B − 2 r (A ∇ B − A ♯ B) , $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle A\sharp_p B+G^*(A\sharp_p B)G\le A\nabla_p B-2r(A\nabla B-A\sharp B), \end{array}$$ where r = min{p, 1 – p}, G = L (2 p) 2 $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \frac{\sqrt{L(2p)}}{2} \end{array}$ A–1S(A|B), L(t) is periodic with period one and L(t) = t 2 2 1 − t t 2 t $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \frac{t^2}{2}\left(\frac{1-t}{t} \right)^{2t} \end{array}$ for t ∈ [0, 1]. Moreover, we give the s-th powering of two inequalities related to the above one with s > 0 which refines Lin's work. In the mean time, we present an inequality involving Hilbert-Schmidt norm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphological analysis of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer stands as a critical imperative for advancing the performance of future organic solar cells. Conventional characterization tools employed for morphological investigation often require substantial resources, both in cost and physical space, thereby imposing restraints on research endeavors in this domain. Here, we extend the application of charge carrier transport characterization beyond conventional mobility assessments, utilizing it as a table-top method for preliminary morphological screening in organic thin films. The investigation focuses on several high-performance BHJ systems that utilize typical "Y" non-fullerene acceptors. It involves in-depth transport studies, including temperature- and field-dependent transport characterizations. The resulting transport data are analyzed in detail using the Gaussian disorder model to extract key transport parameters, specifically the high-temperature limited mobility (μ∞) and positional disorder (∑). Integrating these transport parameters with morphological insights obtained through various characterization tools—including x-ray scattering, sensitive spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry simulation—provides a deep understanding of the intricate interplay between charge transport properties and morphological characteristics. The results reveal explicit relationships, associating μ∞ with the degree of molecular stacking in BHJs and ∑ with the structural disorder in molecule skeleton. Our findings point to the promising potential of utilizing a simple transport characterization technique for the early stage evaluation of thin film packing and geometric properties of organic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • CO 2 -water leaching was an effective method for AAEM removal from coal. • It can remove carboxylic and phenolic Na and Ca effectively. • The effects of leaching time and temperature on the removal of Na and Ca were investigated. • The removal mechanism was investigated in detail. Abstract Zhundong coal has caused serious fouling and slagging problems during combustion due to its high contents of AAEM. This work proposed a CO 2 -water leaching method to remove AAEM in Zhundong coal. The results show that CO 2 -water leaching can effectively remove Na, Mg, Ca etc, especially for the organic metals removal. The removal efficiencies of Na and Ca, which are the key elements causing fouling and slagging during Zhundong coal combustion, were as high as 90.5% and 31.1%, respectively by CO 2 -water leaching. They were much higher than those of pure water leaching which were as low as 71.4% and 19.6%, respectively. Na removal efficiency increased largely with leaching time and temperature, while the Ca removal efficiency appeared fluctuating changes. The removal mechanism includes two steps. The first step is the dissolution of CO 2 into water to form radical hydrogen (H+). The second step is the removal of organic AAEM by H+ through ion exchange. The results also indicated that the removal efficiency can be further promoted by using flow water. And the flue gas from coal fired power plant can be a good CO 2 source. Thus, this study proved that the CO 2 -water leaching was an effective and promising method for AAEM removal from Zhundong coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal Stem Cells are ideal seed cells for tissue repair and cell therapy and have promising applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Using Platelet-Rich Plasma as an adjuvant to create and improve the microenvironment for Mesenchymal Stem Cells growth can enhance the biological properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and improve the efficacy of cell therapy. However, the mechanism by which Platelet-Rich Plasma improves the biological performance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells is still unknown. In this study, by examining the effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the biological performance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, combined with multiomics analysis (Transcriptomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics) and related tests, we analyzed the specific pathways, related mechanisms and metabolic pathways of Platelet-Rich Plasma to improve the biological performance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In an in vitro cell culture system, the biological performance of Mesenchymal Stem Cells was significantly improved after replacing Foetal Bovine Serum with Platelet-Rich Plasma, and the genes (ESM1, PDGFB, CLEC7A, CCR1 and ITGA6 et al.) related to cell proliferation, adhesion, growth, migration and signal transduction were significantly upregulated. Platelet-Rich Plasma can enhance the secretion function of MSC exosomes, significantly upregulate many proteins related to tissue repair, immune regulation and anti-infection, and enhance the repair effect of exosomes on skin injury. After replacing Foetal Bovine Serum with Platelet-Rich Plasma, Mesenchymal Stem Cells underwent metabolic reprogramming, the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids and various signaling pathways were changed, the anabolic pathways of various proteins were enhanced. These results provide a theoretical and technical reference for optimizing the Mesenchymal Stem Cells culture system, improving the biological characteristics and clinical application effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zhundong coalfield in China is the largest intact coalfield in the world. However, serious fouling and slagging issues occurred when the Zhundong coal combustion, because of its high Na and Ca contents. In this study, a novel CO 2 -water leaching method was proposed to remove Na and Ca in Zhundong coal. The removal efficiencies of Na and Ca and the ash characteristics of the leached coal were investigated in detail. The results show that the CO 2 -water leaching can be easily achieved at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. The removal efficiencies of Na and Ca by the CO 2 -water leaching were significantly higher than those of water leaching. It is attributed to the effective removal of the organic Na and Ca in the coal. In addition, the CaCO 3 in the coal was also effectively removed by CO 2 -water leaching. The volatility of Na from CO 2 -water leached coal is only 25% of that of raw coal during the combustion at 900 °C. The alkali-acid ratio (B/A) of the CO 2 -water leached coal ash was significantly lower than those of the raw coal and the water leached coal ashes. The fusion temperature of the CO 2 -water leached coal ash significantly increased, compared with those of the raw coal and the water leached coal ashes. The deformation temperature of the CO 2 -water leached coal ash was as high as 1202 °C, much higher than those of the raw coal and water leached coal ashes, which were 1098 °C and 1142 °C, respectively. Besides, the agglomeration and sintering phenomena of coal ash was also inhibited significantly by the CO 2 -water leaching. Therefore, the CO 2 -water leaching method was found to be an effective and promising method for AAEM removal from Zhundong coal, and can markedly mitigate the fouling and slagging during Zhundong coal combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soymilk is an ideal alternative to develop functional soybean foods, and fermentation can effectively enhance the digestibility and nutritional and functional properties of soymilk. In this study, the metabolites changes of soymilk fermented by Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5 were investigated through comparative metabolomics with UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS. The metabolites were gradually enriched with the extension of fermentation time and stabilized in the fermentation anaphase. In total, 289 differential metabolites were identified as the major chemical components, and they were distributed into 14 categories, mainly involving in three types of metabolites, peptides and amino acids, lipids, and flavonoids. Moreover, the fermented soymilk at 48 h exhibited the highest abundance of metabolites. Based on KEGG analysis, 14 pathways were enriched, associated with 14 specific metabolites, and mainly related to amino acid and lipid metabolism. Thus, BSNK-5 could effectively degrade the macromolecular substances of soymilk into small molecules, synthesize small peptides, small molecular acids, quinones, and isoflavone aglycones to affect the nutritional and functional properties of fermented soymilk. The in-depth analysis of metabolites in BSNK-5-fermented soymilk provides a theoretical foundation for the development of small molecule functional foods in later stages. • A total of 289 metabolites were obtained as key chemical components of fermented soymilk using UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS. • The metabolites mainly related to three major groups in peptides and amino acids, lipids and flavonoids. • 14 metabolic pathways were associated with the amino acid and lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-value utilization of okara is vital for promoting sustainable practices in the soybean industry and addressing global food security challenges. This study investigated the effects of Bacillus subtilis BSNK-5 fermentation on okara's nutritional, structural, and functional properties. BSNK-5 fermentation effectively degraded insoluble dietary fiber, protein, and fat into soluble fiber, peptides, amino acids, and fatty acids, while reducing trypsin inhibitors and antigenic proteins. It also increased phenolic compounds, promoted the conversion of glycosides to aglycones, and enhanced digestibility and nutritional quality. After fermentation with BSNK-5, the surface wrinkles of the okara were reduced, and the particles became smaller. Additionally, BSNK-5 fermentation improved water-holding, oil-holding, swelling capacities, antioxidant activity, cholesterol binding, glucose absorption, and antihypertensive properties. These results highlight the potential of BSNK-5 fermentation to enhance okara's nutritional and functional value, providing valuable raw materials for the food industry. [Display omitted] • Release of peptides and unsaturated fats boosted the nutritional value of okara. • The ratio of soluble to insoluble dietary fiber in okara increased to 1:2.86. • The surface texture of fermented okara became smoother. • Fermentation with BSNK-5 significantly improved the antioxidant properties. • BSNK-5-fermented okara showed potential in lowering blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Water insoluble minerals in Zhundong coal were largely removed by CO 2 -water leaching. • PM release during Zhundong coal combustion was significantly reduced. • Combustion reactivity of Zhundong coal was promoted. • CO 2 -water leaching was a feasible method to inhibit PM formation and release during Zhundong coal combustion. Zhundong coalfield is one of the core coalfields in Xinjiang, China. Due to its high alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) contents, large amounts of PM were released during Zhundong coal combustion, causing serious environmental pollution. In this paper, a novel CO 2 -water leaching method was proposed to suppress the PM formation and release during Zhundong coal combustion. The results showed the CO 2 -water leaching effectively removed water insoluble minerals from coal, such as Na, Ca, Mg, Cl and S, and significantly reduced the PM formation and release during the Zhundong coal combustion, especially for submicron particle formation and release. The releases of PM 1 , PM 2.5 , PM 10 were reduced by 29.09%, 22.68% and 18.48%, respectively. The detailed characterizations showed that the significant removal of the easily vaporized elements in the coal by CO 2 -water leaching, such as Na, Ca, Mg, S and Cl, was an main factor for the suppression of PM formation and release. Besides, after CO 2 -water leaching, the combustion characteristics of Zhundong coal were promoted. Thus, the CO 2 -water leaching was a feasible method to inhibit the formation and release of PM during Zhundong coal combustion. Furthermore, since the flue gas from coal-fired power plant can be used as a source of CO 2 , the CO 2 -water leaching method provided a new way for the efficient utilization of the coal-fired flue gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present some new reverse arithmetic–geometric mean inequalities for operators and matrices due to Lin (Stud. Math. 215:187–194, 2013). Among other inequalities, we prove that if A , B ∈ B (H) are accretive and 0 < m I ≤ ℜ (A) , ℜ (B) ≤ M I , then, for every positive unital linear map Φ, Φ 2 (ℜ (A + B 2)) ≤ (K (h)) 2 Φ 2 (ℜ (A ♯ B)) , where K (h) = (h + 1) 2 4 h and h = M m . Moreover, some reverse harmonic–geometric mean inequalities are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The present study examined the behavioral and neural correlates of unfamiliar face memory deficits in individuals with MCI. • Individuals with MCI showed lower accuracy and reduced ERP responses in both early-stage and later-stage face processing. • Our results provide neurobehavioral evidence for impaired learning and recognition of newly learned faces in individuals with MCI. Face memory impairment significantly affects social interactions and daily functioning in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). While deficits in recognizing familiar faces among individuals with MCI have been reported, their ability to learn and recognize unfamiliar faces remains unclear. This study examined the behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) of unfamiliar face memorization and recognition in MCI. Fifteen individuals with MCI and 15 healthy controls learned and recognized 90 unfamiliar neutral faces. Their performance accuracy and cortical ERPs were compared between the two groups across the learning and recognition phases. Individuals with MCI had lower accuracy in identifying newly learned faces than healthy controls. Moreover, individuals with MCI had reduced occipitotemporal N170 and central vertex positive potential responses during both the learning and recognition phases, suggesting impaired initial face processing and attentional resources allocation. Also, individuals with MCI had reduced central N200 and frontal P300 responses during the recognition phase, suggesting impaired later-stage face recognition and attention engagement. These findings provide neurobehavioral evidence for impaired learning and recognition of unfamiliar faces in individuals with MCI. Individuals with MCI may have face memory deficits in both early-stage face processing and later-stage recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to achieve a breakthrough in the exploration of uranium orebodies in the Changjiang area of Guangdong province in China, the geo-electrochemical exploration method is used for mineral resource prediction. The logarithmically and isometric log-ratio (ilr) transformations are applied to the geo-electrochemical data in this study area to extract geochemical anomalies. The relationship between element associations and mineralization is revealed through descriptive statistical analysis and further biplot analysis. Then, the energy spectrum density–area fractal model (S-A model) is used to identify geochemical backgrounds and anomalies. The results show that: (i) the logarithmically and ilr-transformed data are more uniform, and they more or less obey the rules of normal distribution; (ii) the biplot shows that the ilr-transformed data eliminates the closure effect, and the robust principal component analysis (RPCA) has a better indicative significance for element associations—PC1 reveals the mineralization element association dominated by U and the multiple periods of hydrothermal activity; (iii) the S-A method could extract the local anomalies from different geochemical backgrounds, which indicates mineralization is more reliable. Finally, four favorable prospecting targets are delineated based on the geological and geochemical indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A quantitative mineral prediction model including 14 prediction indicators is established. • The deep learning model of cGAN is proposed for data augmentation of geoscientific data. • Using the CNN model as an indirect metric to measure the performance of different data augmentation strategies. Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM) plays a pivotal role in identifying geo-anomalies that are indicative of potential mineralization, drawing upon various geological, geophysical, geochemical, and remote sensing data. With the increasing availability of such data in recent years, data-driven MPM methods have proven effective in discovering new mineral deposits, especially when utilizing machine learning techniques to unveil complex relationships between exploration data and mineral occurrences. Deep learning, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), has demonstrated its superiority in this regard. However, these models encounter challenges due to the limited and imbalanced nature of geological exploration data. In this study, we address these challenges by proposing the adoption of a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) strategy for data augmentation. Additionally, we employ the sliding window algorithm for comparative analysis, and CNNs are utilized to assess the effectiveness of various data augmentation strategies. The results indicate that the cGAN-based data augmentation strategy exhibits higher resistance to overfitting, a critical concern in MPM applications. Furthermore, this research successfully delineated a prospectivity map for gold deposits in the Hezuo-Meiwu district, Gansu, China, providing valuable insights for future exploration efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the scientific problem of quantitative mineralization prediction at large depth in the Zaozigou gold deposit, west Qinling, China. Five geological and geochemical indicators are used to establish geological and geochemical quantitative prediction model. Machine learning and Deep learning algorithms are employed for 3D Mineral Prospectivity Mapping (MPM). Especially, the Student Teacher Ore-induced Anomaly Detection (STOAD) model is proposed based on the knowledge distillation (KD) idea combined with Deep Auto-encoder (DAE) network model. Compared to DAE, STOAD uses three outputs for anomaly detection and can make full use of information from multiple levels of data for greater overall robustness. The results show that the quantitative mineral resources prediction by applying the STOAD model has a good performance, where the value of Area Under Curve (AUC) is 0.97. Finally, three main mineral exploration targets are delineated for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on researching the scientific problem of deep extraction and inference of favorable geological and geochemical information about mineralization at depth, based on which a deep mineral resources prediction model is established and machine learning approaches are used to carry out deep quantitative mineral resources prediction. The main contents include: (i) discussing the method of 3D geochemical anomaly extraction under the multi-fractal content-volume (C-V) models, extracting the 12 element anomalies and constructing a 3D geochemical anomaly data volume model for laying the data foundation for researching geochemical element distribution and association; (ii) extracting the element association characteristics of primary geochemical halos and inferring deep metallogenic factors based on compositional data analysis (CoDA), including quantitatively extracting the geochemical element associations corresponding to ore-bearing structures (Sb-Hg) based on a data-driven CoDA framework, quantitatively identifying the front halo element association (As-Sb-Hg), near-ore halo element association (Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn) and tail halo element association (W-Mo-Co-Bi), which provide quantitative indicators for the primary haloes' structural analysis at depth; (iii) establishing a deep geological and geochemical mineral resources prediction model, which is constructed by five quantitative mineralization indicators as input variables: fracture buffer zone, element association (Sb-Hg) of ore-bearing structures, metallogenic element Au anomaly, near-ore halo element association Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn and the ratio of front halo to tail halo (As-Sb-Hg)/(W-Mo-Bi); and (iv) three-dimensional MPM based on the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) and Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and delineating exploration targets at depth. The results show that the C-V model can identify the geological element distribution and the CoDA method can extract geochemical element associations in 3D space reliably, and the machine learning methods of MaxEnt and GMM have high performance in 3D MPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bovine rotavirus A (BRVA) is considered to be the most common pathogen of severe diarrhea in cattle worldwide, which could lead to the death of newborn calves and cause the significant economic losses to the cattle industry. As a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification technique, recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has been applied widely for the rapid detection of different important pathogens in human and animals. Results: An RT-RPA assay based on the real time fluorescence monitoring (real-time RT-RPA) and an RT-RPA assay combined with a lateral flow strip (LFS RT-RPA) were successfully developed by targeting the VP6 gene of BRVA. The RT-RPA assays allowed the exponential amplification of the target fragment in 20 min. After incubation of the LFS RT-RPA on a metal bath at 40 °C, the results were displayed on the lateral flow strip within 5 min, while real-time RT-RPA allowed the real-time observation of the results in Genie III at 42 °C. Both of the two assays showed high specificity for BRVA without any cross-reaction with the other tested pathogens causing diarrhea in cattle. With the standard RNA of BRVA serving as a template, the limit of detection for real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA were 1.4 × 102 copies per reaction and 1.4 × 101 copies per reaction, respectively. In the 134 fecal samples collected from cattle with diarrhea, the BRVA positive rate were 45.52% (61/134) and 46.27% (62/134) in real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA, respectively. Compared to a previously published real-time PCR, the real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA showed a diagnostic specificity of 100%, diagnostic sensitivity of 98.39% and 100%, and a kappa coefficient of 0.985 and 1.0, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, BRVA was successfully detected in cattle fecal samples by the developed real-time RT-RPA and LFS RT-RPA assays. The developed RT-RPA assays had great potential for the rapid detection of BRVA in under-equipped diagnostic laboratory and the point-of-need diagnosis at quarantine stations and farms, which is of great importance to control BRVA-associated diarrhea in cattle herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite solar cells (f‐PSCs) have attracted great attention due to their promising commercial prospects. However, the performance of f‐PSCs is generally worse than that of their rigid counterparts. Herein, it is found that the unsatisfactory performance of planar heterojunction (PHJ) f‐PSCs can be attributed to the undesirable morphology of electron transport layer (ETL), which results from the rough surface of the flexible substrate. Precise control over the thickness and morphology of ETL tin dioxide (SnO2) not only reduces the reflectance of the indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene 2,6‐naphthalate (PEN) substrate and enhances photon collection, but also decreases the trap‐state densities of perovskite films and the charge transfer resistance, leading to a great enhancement of device performance. Consequently, the f‐PSCs, with a structure of PEN/ITO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Ag, exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 19.51% and a steady output of 19.01%. Furthermore, the f‐PSCs show a robust bending resistance and maintain about 95% of initial PCE after 6000 bending cycles at a bending radius of 8 mm, and they present an outstanding long‐term stability and retain about 90% of the initial performance after >1000 h storage in air (10% relative humidity) without encapsulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regular aerobic exercises could improve global cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), such as aerobic dance a type of commonly practiced aerobic exercises. However, its effects remain debatable in improving the cognitive function in patients with MCI.Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of aerobic dance on cognitive function among older adults with MCI.Methods: We searched articles in the MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library databases from inception to 28 February 2019, with the following criteria: 1) randomized controlled trials; 2) older adults with MCI; 3) aerobic dance intervention.Results: Five studies of 842 participants were identified. This meta-analysis showed that aerobic dance can significantly improve global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination: MD = 1.43; 95% CI:[0.59, 2.27]; p = 0.0009; Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale: MD=-2.30; 95% CI:[-3.60, -1.00]; p = 0.0005), and delayed recall ability (SMD = 0.46;95% CI: [0.30, 0.62]; p < 0.00001) in older adults with MCI. In addition, have positive effects on improving executive function (Trial-Making Test A: MD = -2.37;95% CI:[-4.16, -0.58]; p = 0.010; Trial-Making Test B: MD = -16.0; 95% CI: [-30.03, -2.11]; p = 0.020) and immediate recall ability (SMD = 0.24;95% CI: [0.01, 0.46]; p = 0.04).Conclusion: Aerobic dance significantly improves global cognitive function and memory in older adults with MCI. In addition, it also benefits executive function. However, due to the limitations as the review states, more randomized controlled trials with better study design and larger sample sizes should be conducted in the future research to make it much clearer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes a facile one-step method to synthesize PbS hierarchical architectures with excellent supercapacitive performance. The as-prepared PbS sample shows a self-similar fern-like morphology. A unit has four or eight micro-trunks with the size of 10 ± 1 μm, which consist of ordered secondary nano-leaves with the thickness of 200 ± 20 nm and the spacing of about 100 nm. The fractal fern-like PbS sample owns a high specific capacitance of 498 F/g at a discharge current density of 2 A/g, while the value still retains 74% (369 F/g) at a big discharge current density of 20 A/g. The equivalent series resistance of the as-prepared sample is only 1.05 Ω. Moreover, the fractal fern-like PbS sample exhibits a surprising long-term durability which can keep 95.9% capacitance retention over 60,000 charge/discharge cycles at a charge/discharge current density of 5 A/g. The as-prepared PbS sample shows a stable energy density of 11.5 Wh/kg at the power density of 200 W/kg, and still remains 8.2 Wh/kg at 4000 W/kg. Image 1 • Fractal fern-like PbS hierarchical architectures was fabricated by one-step method for supercapcitors. • Specific capacitance of the fractal fern-like PbS still has 369 F/g at a big current density of 20 A g−1. • Capacitance retention of the fern-like PbS is high as 95.9% after 60,000 charge/discharge cycles at 5 A g−1. • The micro-trunks with ordered secondary nano-leaves of the fern-like PbS play an important role in the excellent performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain BH-SD17T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample in the Bohai Gulf, Yellow Sea, China. Cells of strain BH-SD17T are aerobic, yellow-colored, non-flagellated rods. Growth occurs between 15 and 40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0–8.5 (optimum, 7.5) and with 1.0–8.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3.0%). Strain BH-SD17T contains phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. The predominant fatty acids are iso-C15:0 (28.5%), iso-C15:1 G (24.4%), and iso-C17:0 3-OH (12.3%). The major respiratory quinone is MK-6. Strain BH-SD17T shows moderate 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to existing identified strains, is most closely related to the genera Lutimonas (92.1–92.4%), Lutibacter (91.6–92.3%), and Taeania (91.9%). Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences show that strain BH-SD17T forms a distinct lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analysis, strain BH-SD17T is considered to represent a novel genus and species in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Aureibaculum marinum is proposed. The type strain is BH-SD17T (=CCTCC AB 2017072T=KCTC 62204T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of perovskite film plays an important role on the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, dense and uniform perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) films are fabricated by combining hot-casting technique (HCT) and methylamine (CH 3 NH 2 ) gas treatment (MGT) under ambient conditions with a relative humidity of about 60%. These high quality CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 films are further used to fabricate planar heterojunction (PHJ) PSCs with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PCBM/Ag, showing a power conversion efficiency ( PCE ) up to 14.2% with negligible hysteresis. More importantly, these PHJ-PSCs show excellent stability, and over 80% of their original efficiencies could be maintained even stored in air (humidity ∼45%) for 20 days without encapsulation. Meanwhile, the PCE up to 13.6% could be achieved for PHJ-PSCs fully fabricated in air including electron transport layer PCBM. The researches provide an ease-of-fabrication method to fully fabricate highly efficient and stable PHJ-PSCs under ambient conditions with high humidity, which would potentially accelerate the commercialization of PHJ-PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The emulsion stability of soy protein isolate-polyglutamic acid (SPI-PGA) was upped. • Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were the dominant interaction forces in SPI-PGA. • SPI-PGA adsorbed at the oil/water interface was available for coating W/O/W emulsions. • W/O/W emulsions stabilized by SPI-PGA can be served as a promising delivery system of NK. Nattokinase (NK) derived from food is a sustainable thrombolytic agent. In this study, to protect vulnerable biological activity of NK, the targeted modified W/O/W emulsions were fabricated from complexes of soybean isolate protein (SPI) and polyglutamic acid (PGA). The results showed that the SPI-PGA complex formed a tighter internal structure through non-covalent bonds. The secondary structure, α-helix and β-sheet content of the 1:3 (v/v) ratio complex of SPI to PGA increased by 6.14% and 8.62%, respectively. The emulsification and stability of the complexes were improved by refining structural properties as against SPI. The W/O/W emulsions coated by complexes formed the stronger network structure with higher encapsulation efficiency, better interfacial features, and better storage stability. Moreover, the highest bioavailability was achieved by W/O/W emulsions coated with 1:3 ratio complex at 80.69%. This study provided a new strategy towards tailoring ideal emulsion vehicles and expanded the NK application in food formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floccularia luteovirens is a rare wild edible and medicinal fungus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, the hollow fiber membranes with molecular weights of 50 kDa, 6 kDa and 3 kDa were used to extract different fractions of F. luteovirens, which were named as #1, #2 and #3. Then the antitumor activity of these fractions on NSCLC cell lines, PC9 and NCI-H460, were investigated by using MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis and Western blot assay. The results indicated that the #2 and #3 fractions showed obviously inhibitory activities on PC9 and NCI-H460 tumor cells and proved that these small molecule fractions induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by activating caspase-3. Finally, a total of 15 components, including six amino acids, two nucleosides, two glycosides, two terpenoids, one phenylpropanoid, one ester and one alkaloid, were identified in #2 and #3 fractions. This is the first evidence that the small molecule components of F. luteovirens were able to inhibit lung cancer by inducing apoptosis in a caspase-3 manner. The present study indicated the benefits of F. luteovirens in lung cancer treatment, which might be a potential resource of functional food and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]