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To describe the degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), empirical degradation models of different indexes of PEMFCs are established. Firstly, the simulation process and assumptions of PEMFC degradation are proposed. Secondly, the degradation simulation results including the performance and distribution indexes under the different degradation levels are conducted by AVL FIRE M. Finally, the empirical degradation models of performance and distribution indexes are established based on the above simulation results and experimental data. The results show that the relationship between the experimental and simulation results is established by the index of current density. The empirical degradation models of current density, average equilibrium potential on the cathode catalyst layer (CL), average membrane water content, average oxygen molar concentration on the cathode CL, and average hydrogen crossover flux are the linear function. The empirical degradation models of average exchange current density on the anode CL, average hydrogen molar concentration on the anode CL, and average oxygen crossover flux are the quadratic function. The empirical degradation model of average activation overpotential on the cathode CL is the quintic function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of component degradation on different degradation indexes of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), a novel model of the PEMFC based on component properties was established. Firstly, the four main components, namely the proton exchange membrane (PEM), catalyst layer (CL), gas diffusion layer (GDL), and bipolar plate (BP), were selected. Moreover, a model of each component reflecting their properties was established and verified. Secondly, calculations of the component properties at the initial state and 5% changed were conducted. The results showed that the effects of the different components' degradation on the different performance and distribution indexes were different. Considering the nine indexes comprehensively, the influence of component degradation on performance degradation was as follows: GDL > PEM = CL > BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Ti3C2/single-layer black phosphorus (BP)/Ti3C2 resistive random access memory (RRAM) was studied based on the first-principles theory. First, after determining the size of the material, the Ti3C2/BP(100) interface was built. By studying the electrostatic potential of the interface, it was found that there was a Schottky barrier at the interface, and the barrier height was obtained by calculating the work function and the band structure of the interface. Next, a Ti3C2/BP(100)/Ti3C2 RRAM device was designed based on the mechanism of the Schottky barrier at the interface. The bipolar switching characteristics were confirmed after calculating the I–V curve of the device, in which the turn-on threshold voltage is about 1.5 V, the turn-off threshold voltage is about 0.5 V, and the switch ratio is greater than 105. However, there are still shortcomings such as insufficient drive current. So, in the end, the optimization program is determined through a series of studies of device doping and vacancy, and it is found that after a certain concentration of Mg atoms are adsorbed, the conductivity of the resistive switching layer can be increased, the interface barrier can be adjusted, and the device performance such as the turn-on voltage, drive current, and switching ratio can be improved. This work may have guiding significance and value for the experimental research of manufacturing a new two-dimensional material RRAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray digital radiography plays a pivotal role in accessing the internal structure of objects. Nevertheless, key imaging parameters, such as source-to-target distance or number of projected images needed for three-dimensional construction, mostly rely on real-life trials thus increasing radiation exposure risks. This paper introduces a recently developed software platform known as GMAX (Geant4-based Monte Carlo Advanced X-ray) that helps addressing above issues from a simulation perspective. GMAX employs Geant4, a Monte Carlo simulation code at its core and facilitates high-fidelity X-ray imaging, requiring no prior user experience. Compared to CAD models that only reflect object's geometrical information, GMAX simulates how objects interact with photon and can accurately evaluate important imaging parameters, such as target object to detector distance. It also provides three-dimensional construction functionality for images and therefore could be used as an effective tool for X-ray non-destructive testing and inspection. • GMAX simulates X-ray imaging process. • GMAX can help select best imaging parameters, such as target-to-detector distance. • GMAX can perform three-dimensional reconstruction using a small number of images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), which was domesticated from the wild species green foxtail (Setaria viridis), is a rich source of phytonutrients for humans. To evaluate how breeding changed the metabolome of foxtail millet grains, we generated and analyzed the datasets encompassing the genomes, transcriptomes, metabolomes, and anti-inflammatory indices from 398 foxtail millet accessions. We identified hundreds of common variants that influence numerous secondary metabolites. We observed tremendous differences in natural variations of the metabolites and their underlying genetic architectures between distinct sub-groups of foxtail millet. Furthermore, we found that the selection of the gene alleles associated with yellow grains led to altered profiles of metabolites such as carotenoids and endogenous phytohormones. Using CRISPR-mediated genome editing we validated the function of PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1 (PSY1) gene in affecting millet grain color and quality. Interestingly, our in vitro cell inflammation assays showed that 83 metabolites in millet grains have anti-inflammatory effects. Taken together, our multi-omics study illustrates how the breeding history of foxtail millet has shaped its metabolite profile. The datasets we generated in this study also provide important resources for further understanding how millet grain quality is affected by different metabolites, laying the foundations for future millet genetic research and metabolome-assisted improvement. This study generates the genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data from a foxtail millet population consisting of 398 accessions and investigates how breeding has shaped the metabolome of foxtail millet grains. as well as the anti-inflammatory indices using. The function of PSY1 in affecting millet grain color and quality is validated by genome editing, and in vitro cell inflammation assays identify 83 metabolites in millet grains that have anti-inflammatory effects. The study provides important resources for future millet genetic research and metabolome-assisted improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) optimization on GPUs has been challenging due to irregular memory accesses and unbalanced workloads. The majority of existing solutions assign a fixed number of threads to one or more rows of sparse matrices according to empirical formulas. However, this method does not give the optimal thread configuration and results in a significant performance loss. This paper proposes a new machine learning-based thread assignment strategy for SpMV on GPU, predicting the near-optimal thread configuration for matrices. Further, we partition irregular sparse matrices into blocks according to the distribution of non-zero elements and predict the optimal thread configuration for each block. A new SpMV kernel is designed to accelerate the execution of different blocks. Experimental results show that our machine learning-based approach can select the near-optimal thread configuration for most matrices. The efficiency of SpMV for irregular matrices is also improved by matrix partitioning and blockwise prediction. Finally, we dive into the trained model to find out the connection between the features of a sparse matrix and its optimal thread configuration. • We present a detailed and deep discussion on two popular CSR-based SpMV algorithms. • A ML-based thread configuration method for SpMV on GPU is proposed. • We propose a non-zero element distribution-aware thread configuration scheme. • Extensive performance comparisons to existing SpMV algorithms on GPU are provided. • We present a deep analysis of the trained ML model and its overhead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The signal peptides (SPs) of secretory proteins are frequently used or modified to guide recombinant proteins outside the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. In the periplasmic space and extracellular environment, recombinant proteins are kept away from the intracellular proteases and often they can fold correctly and efficiently. Consequently, expression levels of the recombinant protein can be enhanced by the presence of a SP. However, little attention has been paid to the use of SPs with low translocation efficiency for recombinant protein production. In this paper, the function of the signal peptide of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ia toxin (Iasp), which is speculated to be a weak translocation signal, on regulation of protein expression was investigated using fluorescent proteins as reporters. Results: When fused to the N-terminal of eGFP or mCherry, the Iasp can improve the expression of the fluorescent proteins and as a consequence enhance the fluorescent intensity of both Escherichia coli and Bt host cells. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed the higher transcript levels of Iegfp over those of egfp gene in E. coli TG1 cells. By immunoblot analysis and confocal microscope observation, lower translocation efficiency of IeGFP was demonstrated. The novel fluorescent fusion protein IeGFP was then used to compare the relative strengths of cry1Ia (Pi) and cry1Ac (Pac) gene promoters in Bt strain, the latter promoter proving the stronger. The eGFP reporter, by contrast, cannot indicate unambiguously the regulation pattern of Pi at the same level of sensitivity. The fluorescent signals of E. coli and Bt cells expressing the Iasp fused mCherry (ImCherry) were also enhanced. Importantly, the Iasp can also enhanced the expression of two difficult-to-express proteins, matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP13) and myostatin (growth differentiating factor-8, GDF8) in E. coli BL21-star (DE3) strain. Conclusions: We identified the positive effects of a weak signal peptide, Iasp, on the expression of fluorescent proteins and other recombinant proteins in bacteria. The produced IeGFP and ImCherry can be used as novel fluorescent protein variants in prokaryotic cells. The results suggested the potential application of Iasp as a novel fusion tag for improving the recombinant protein expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between the properties and substrates of graphene is important to research the graphene synthesized by a bottom-up approach. Here, we synthesized graphene with a surface segregation method and demonstrated that a quadrilateral graphene was formed by using Ni(110) as a substrate. Most of the graphene edges were parallel to the [101] or [100] directions of Ni(110). We found that sulfur impurities in Ni that segregated to the surface with a C(2 × 2) surface reconstruction during the graphene growth played critical roles in the formation of the quadrilateral graphene flakes. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Chronic inflammation of adipose tissue is a prominent characteristic of many metabolic diseases. Lipid metabolism in adipose tissue is consistently dysregulated during inflammation, which is characterized by substantial infiltration by proinflammatory cells and high cytokine concentrations. Adipose tissue inflammation is caused by a variety of endogenous factors, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, cellular senescence, ceramides biosynthesis and mediators of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) signaling. Additionally, the gut microbiota also plays a crucial role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation. Essentially, adipose tissue inflammation arises from an imbalance in adipocyte metabolism and the regulation of immune cells. Specific inflammatory signals, including nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling, inflammasome signaling and inflammation‐mediated autophagy, have been shown to be involved in the metabolic regulation. The pathogenesis of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic inflammation (obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]) and recent research regarding potential therapeutic targets for these conditions are also discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic nonhealing wounds significantly reduce patients' quality of life and are a major burden on healthcare systems. Over the past few decades, tissue engineering materials have emerged as a viable option for wound healing, with cell-derived extracellular matrix (CDM) showing remarkable results. The CDM's compatibility and resemblance to the natural tissue microenvironment confer distinct advantages to tissue-engineered scaffolds in wound repair. This review summarizes the current processes for CDM preparation, various cell decellularization protocols, and common characterization methods. Furthermore, it discusses the applications of CDM in wound healing, including skin defect and wound repair, angiogenesis, and engineered vessels, and offers perspectives on future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three La 1.89 Ce 0.11 CuO 4-x (LCCO) photosensitive sols were prepared with benzoylacetone (BzAcH), acetylacetone (AcAc) or 2,2′-bipyridine (BPY) as the chemical modifiers. UV absorption spectroscopy was employed to analyze the chelation mechanism of three chemical modifiers and metal ions in the sols. It has been found that the copper ions chelated with the chemical modifiers mentioned above and endowed ultraviolet photosensitivity to the sol, whereas the lanthanum ions and cerium ions did not chelate with the chemical modifiers. UV irradiation experiments indicated that the chelate compounds were decomposed and the decomposition products greatly reduced the solubility of LCCO gel films in the organic solvent. The LCCO films with fine structure were fabricated by using self-photosensitive property of the three gel films. The micro-machining process showed that LCCO fine patterns, prepared by the sol of BzAcH as the chemical modifiers, exhibited the highest precision and the minimum size of the prepared patterns reached to micron level. XRD patterns seen that the addition of chemical modifiers had no effect on the structure of LCCO inorganic film. R-T curve tests of fine-patterned LCCO films prepared with the above three sols revealed that the micro-machining method was a simple and cost-effective process, which did not influence the electrical properties of the LCCO films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In proxy re-signature scheme, the semi-trust proxy is given special information to convert user A's signature into another user B's signature on the same message m. This has numerous application, such as simplifying the certificate management by constructing a secure channel between two authentication centers, simplifying group signature management by making each signature transformed to the group's signature, helping relieve some common key management headaches by resigning without the authentication center, and constructing digital right management (DRM) interoperable system by sharing the certification. In this paper, we proposed a novel proxy re-signature scheme with universally composable security. The proposed scheme is unidirectional, single-use, key optimal, non-transitive and non-temporary. Its security is based on Computational Diffie–Hellman assumption in the random oracle model. Furthermore, we present the universal composable based security definition of proxy re-signature, as well as the equivalent game based definition. If a scheme is proved to be safe in our game, it will have the universally composable property, which will simplify the future security analysis. Finally, we support the proposed scheme with detailed security and performance analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the effects of the inlet temperature on a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), this study proposes a dynamic temperature (DT) model by considering the dynamic variation in temperature that influences the water content of the cell and its performance. A three-dimensional model featuring the geometry and nonconformal mesh of the PEMFC is first formulated. An experiment was then conducted featuring a 34-cm2 single-cell and test system. Following this, a simulation and another experiment were carried out at a working temperature of 333 K with 100% relative humidity (RH) at inlet temperatures of 316 K, 323 K, and 328 K (at 50%, 60%, and 80% RH, respectively). The contours, which included hydrogen in the channels and water in the membrane, were then described. The results show that the proposed DT model can more accurately predict the performance of the PEMFC than the FLUENT model. In particular, when the inlet temperature was 328 K (80% RH), the maximum relative difference between the DT model and FLUENT was 13.8% compared to the results of the experiment. The hydrogen content in the channels decreased and the water content in the membrane increased as the reaction continued. The proposed model provides a new means for studying the effects of dynamic temperature on the PEMFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) superconducting film was prepared on Nb:SrTiO3 (NSTO) substrate via a sol-gel method, forming a YBCO/NSTO heterojunction. The YBCO/NSTO heterojunction was irradiated with UV light, and the photovoltaic characteristics of YBCO/NSTO heterojunction were studied within the temperature range 50-300 K. The results show that YBCO/NSTO/In has a significant photovoltaic effect with a high open-circuit voltage (VOC). At 300 K, the VOC of YBCO/NSTO/In was ~ 0.31 V (light intensity ~ 10 mw/mm2). The VOC of YBCO/NSTO/In increased with the decrease in temperature and reached 0.79 V when the temperature decreased to 50 K. The VOC measurement results under different light intensities indicate that the VOC decreased with the decrease in light intensity. The current density-voltage (J-V) curves were investigated at different temperatures (no light). The YBCO/NSTO/In heterojunction showed clear rectifying features above 200 K; with a decrease in temperature, the asymmetry of positive and negative current decreased. When YBCO underwent superconducting transition, because of the opening of YBCO superconducting energy gap, the VOC and turn-on voltage (Vt) of J-V curves changed suddenly, and the variations in VOC (when the light intensity is sufficient) and Vt were consistent with the superconducting energy gap of YBCO. With a decrease in the light intensity, the variations in VOC decreased; for example, the variation was only 2 mV when the light intensity decreased to ~ 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Resistive switching effects of Nb:SrTiO 3 with different electrodes were examined. • Effects of charge trap and interface barrier on the resistive switching effects were studied. • Current transmission properties of Nb:SrTiO 3 under the low- and high- resistance states were analyzed. Abstract In this study, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7―x /Nb:SrTiO 3 (YBCO/Nb:STO) planar heterostructure was prepared on Nb:SrTiO 3 (Nb:STO) substrate by sol-gel method. The I–V curves revealed that the structure exhibited excellent resistive switching (RS) effect. Current transmission characteristics of the heterostructure prepared using different electrodes and Nb:STO were analyzed. Results indicated that the RS effect was caused by the capture and escape of the electrons from the charge trap at the interface between electrode and Nb:STO. Schottky barrier was a prerequisite for the RS effect. Further investigation of the current transport properties of the YBCO/Nb:STO heterostructure at low temperature revealed that the current transport was affected by its own carriers and charge traps when the heterostructure was under low-resistance state, and the current decreased with decreasing temperature. Owing to the decrease in barrier height, the current increased with decreasing temperature under high-resistance state, with current transport properties exhibiting Schottky emission characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mega-deltas are major sinks of river-borne sediments and important sources of terrigenous sediments for open shelves. Their evolution has far-reaching impacts on adjacent coastal waters, from the point of view of along-shelf morphodynamics and biogeochemistry. However, the complex budgeting patterns of input, storage, bypass, and final accumulation of sediment are still poorly understood. The Changjiang (Yangtze River) in China is among the world's largest river systems, not only in terms of water and sediment discharges but also the massive amount of sediment deposited in its subaqueous delta and distal muds. Here we discuss about the along-shelf sediment redistribution in the Changjiang Subaqueous Delta and Distal Muds (CSDDM) over the last century. For the purpose of understanding its spatial diversity in detail, we divided the study area into three spatially connected parts, namely the Changjiang subaqueous deltaic mud (CJM), the Zhejiang inner-shelf mud (ZJM), and the Fujian inner-shelf mud (FJM). The concept of sediment retention index helps understand the overall evolution of this mega-delta. Hydrological survey data from the peripheral rivers and short marine-sediment cores are used to evaluate the amount of sediment supplied to and deposited in the study area. The results show that over the last century, the rate of sediment supply to the CSDDM reached ~645 Mt year −1 on average (ranging between 535 and 725 Mt year −1 ), while the total sediment deposition in the CSDDM reached ~683 Mt year −1 on average (390–976 Mt year −1 ), with the ratio for the deposits in the CJM, ZJM and FJM being close to 3:5:2. As such, the input and output of sediment were generally in balance. The sediment retention indices are estimated to be 0.35, 0.86 and 1.00 for CJM, ZJM and FJM, respectively. This study contributes to our knowledge of marine sediment fluxes, facilitates a better understanding of the growth and development of mega-deltas under system regime shifts, and helps identify a sustainable development model for areas of high population density, heavy economic activity and rapid urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a valued and effective technology to decrease asphalt binder’s viscosity in order to save energy and to reduce the release of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Sasobit (an organic additive) is a widely used warm mix additive, which has been studied in several aspects by some researchers such as the increase of physical properties as well as the increase of rheological properties of asphalt binder. Deurex (natural sugar cane wax or free of paraffins), which is similar to the Sasobit, can be seen as a new warm mix additive. The study aims to assess the high temperature rheological properties and viscosity reduction of asphalt which is modified with the two additives: Sasobit and Deurex. During the study, Deurex was added into the base asphalt in same proportion as the Sasobit as 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%, so 16 different binders could be obtained. Above all, the study conducted the Rotational viscometer test (RV), which separately and together measured the two additives’ effects for the viscosity of the binders. The conventional tests results reveal that adding Deurex to the Sasobit can improve the cracking properties of binders as compared to the Sasobit at low temperature. And the viscometer test results reveal that both Sasobit and Deurex can reduce the viscosity and the Sasobit can be more effective than Deurex when the content of additive is low. Furthermore, the decrease of asphalt binders’ viscosities is more obvious at lower temperature. Then the study conducted the Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test including the Performance grade, frequency sweep and temperature sweep tests. G ∗ (complex shear modulus) and δ (phase angle) can be measured in the test, and the results reveal that the Sasobit and Deurex increase the value of G ∗ and decrease the value of δ. Therefore, the rutting factor G ∗ /sinδ is improved. In other words, the high temperature properties of modified asphalt binders are increased, particularly the ability of resistance to deformation. The test also found that the 2%Deurex play a relatively big efficacy with Sasobit. Finally, the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was used to analyze the modification mechanism of the modified binders. All in all, the Sasobit and Deurex modified asphalt do have a good performance in high temperature. And 2%Deurex with 2% or 3%Sasobit is recommend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measuring the landscape pattern from a three-dimensional perspective is of great significance for comprehensively revealing the complex spatial characteristics of island ecosystems. However, the archipelago composed of rocky islands has received little attention as its three-dimensional landscape characteristics are difficult to quantify. This study took the largest archipelago in China, the Zhoushan Archipelago, as the study area and constructed an island landscape pattern evaluation model from a dual-three-dimensional (dual-3D) perspective. The model divided the island into upper and lower layers, namely the surface landscape based on topography and the landscape elements above the surface (i.e., vegetation and buildings), and then evaluated their landscape patterns from a three-dimensional perspective, respectively. The landscape pattern model based on a dual-3D perspective and multiple scales achieved excellent results in the archipelago. First, the island landscape pattern was evaluated from three-dimensional perspectives, including human interference, landscape fragmentation, vegetation space, and building space. Second, landscape indices such as the human interference three-dimensional index (HITI), the landscape fragmentation three-dimensional index (LFTI), the vegetation three-dimensional index (VTI), and the building three-dimensional index (BTI) established at multiple spatial scales revealed spatial heterogeneity within and between islands. Environmental factors such as elevation, slope, and island area exhibited significant correlations with them. There were significant differences in landscape pattern indices between the two-dimensional (2D) and the three-dimensional (3D) perspectives, and high values were mainly distributed in areas with significant topographic changes and larger islands. In addition, as the evaluation unit increased, the landscape indices increased, and HITI became more responsive to the transitions from 2D to 3D, while LFTI was the opposite. Therefore, the multiscale landscape pattern measurement of China's largest archipelago based on high-resolution remote sensing was carried out from three-dimensional perspectives to accurately reveal the spatial heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new pyrophosphates crystals, LiCsFeP 2 O 7 ( 1 ), LiCsCoP 2 O 7 ( 2 ) and NaCsCoP 2 O 7 ( 3 ), have been grown in molten salt media. Their crystal structures have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 and 2 crystallize in orthorhombic space group Pnma , and 3 in monoclinic space group P2 1 /n. In the three compounds, Co and Fe atoms are all coordinated with four oxygen atoms to form tetrahedral MO 4 geometry. The three-dimensional frameworks, constructed by MO 4 tetrahedra and P 2 O 7 groups through shared corners, exhibit multi-channels structures. In 1 and 2 , Li and Fe/Co atoms disorder in a same site with the proportion of 0.5:0.5. While in 3 , Na and Co atoms locate on independent site. The IR spectrum further proves the presence of P 2 O 7 groups. The impedance studies also were employed to evaluate the conductivities of 2 and 3 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear technology is widely used for hydrocarbon exploration by deploying nuclear tools of detection to help obtain important parameters of a given geographical formation. Monte Carlo software is generally used to simulate nuclear tools in the environment of well logging, to accurately predict their responses downhole. In other words, a digital Monte Carlo twin of the designated tool is constructed, and its responses, are used to identify features that are important, for instance, for assessing the feasibility of deployment of the tool or optimizing the design of its hardware. However, the downhole environment is complex and changeable, such that it is determined by many parameters, e.g., the formation, the fluid, and the structure of the well. A significant modeling setup is thus often required to be able to consider all environmental variations, where this increases the burden on field engineers who need to construct several batches of repetitive models to simulate the same tool in a variety of environments. The appropriate automation of this process is thus highly desirable. In this work, the authors propose downhole Geant4-based Monte Carlo Automated Computational Platform (GMAC) to develop digital twins of nuclear tools. We construct a platform that enables us to design a Monte Carlo digital twin of a given nuclear tool. GMAC can automate the process of simulating the tool under various environments based on minimum user input and provide a comprehensive evaluation of its performance. The proposed platform also provides feasible means to optimize the tool by connecting the CAE twin directly to the Monte Carlo twin. The main structure and developer/user functions of the GMAC are discussed in detail. Three examples of nuclear tools are also provided to detail and verify its complete process from tool design to application. The results confirm the correctness and efficiency of the proposed computational platform. • A Geant4-based Monte Carlo software application called GMAC is proposed. • GMAC builds an automated simulation platform for multiple tools for nuclear well logging to acquire data. • GMAC is an easy-to-use application that does not require that users have coding skill. • The performance of GMAC was assessed in various logging environments. • GMAC fits many requirements, such as those related to gamma density, neutron porosity, and pulsed neutron mineralogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new halophosphate crystal Sr 3 P 3 O 10 Cl was grown in molten chloride flux media. It crystallizes in the centrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Pnma (No. 62) with a = 10.617(2) Å, b = 10.736(2) Å, and c = 8.7354(17) Å. In the structure, the basic building unit is the [P 3 O 10 ] 5− anion, which is consist of three PO 4 tetrahedra by sharing the corner oxygen atoms. The two Sr atoms and the Cl atom are linked to construct an infinite [Sr 3 Cl] 5+ chain. The [P 3 O 10 ] 5− anions are interconnected with the [Sr 3 Cl] 5+ chains to form a three-dimensional frameworks. Additionally, the first-principle calculation was employed to obtain the band structures and densities of states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystals of the title compound have been grown in molten salt media. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment revealed that the compound crystallizes in an orthorhombic space group Pbcn (no. 60) with cell parameters: a = 5.1023(10) Å, b = 19.717(4) Å, c = 12.557(3) Å, and Z = 4. The structure of Li5CsMn(P2O7)2 consists of one-dimensional manganese pyrophosphate chains [MnP4O14]∞ interleaved with Cs+ and Li+ cations. A pseudo-two-dimensional layer [CsMnP4O14]∞ parallel to the ab plane is made up of [MnP4O14]∞ chains and Cs–O polyhedra through sharing the oxygen atoms. The three crystallographically distinct Li atoms are all located in the interlayered space to form a ‘lithium hamburger’ structure. Magnetic studies demonstrated that the compound shows paramagnetic behavior. DSC and XRD investigations revealed that the compound melts congruently. AC impedance studies show that the conductivity is 1.3 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 573 K and the activation energy is 0.42 eV. In addition, Li ion diffusional pathways were obtained using the bond valence map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile route has been established for the synthesis of PVP/CaF2: RE3+ and PVP/CaF2: Ce3+ nanoparticles (RE=Eu, Tb, Ce/Tb; PVP=Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)) heated at 70°C in ethanol at ambient pressure. The as-prepared nanoparticles were shown to be well dispersed in water. The nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The investigation of fluorescence properties showed that there exists energy transfer from the surface coating of PVP to Eu3+ and Tb3+ leading to the sensitized fluorescence emission of Eu3+ and Tb3+. Co-doping the PVP/CaF2: Tb3+ nanoparticles with Ce3+ results in significant increase in the emission intensity of Tb3+ and this has been attributed to the sensitization of Ce3+ and PVP on Tb3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: n-Alkanes are biosynthesized from very long-chain fatty acid wax precursors and its distribution grants the most useful taxonomic contribution for plant species. In current study, five species from three genera of Moraceae family were sampled separately from three areas (Mountain Jin-yun, Mountain Jin-fo and Bei-bei) in Chongqing, China, namely, Broussonetia papyrifera, Broussonetia kazinoki, Ficus virens, Ficus tikoua, and Humulus scandens. The amounts of n-alkanes in epicuticular wax enabled discrimination among areas, varying from 4.9 μg cm−2 to 16.9 μg cm−2 in Mountain Jin-yun, 6.9 μg cm−2 to 20.5 μg cm−2 in Bei–bei, and 4.7 μg cm−2 to 61.7 μg cm−2 in Mountain Jin-fo, respectively. Among the five species, the amount of n-alkanes was the highest in B. papyrifera and the lowest in F. tikoua for all areas, showing high species variation. The most abundant n-alkanes in all investigated species were two odd-numbered n-alkanes, i.e., C29 and C31. The epicuticular waxes of H. scandens from Bei-bei had a higher relative abundance of C29 than other species from Mountain Jin-yun and Mountain Jin-fo. The chain length of n-alkanes from Bei-bei was longer than that from other areas. The even/odd predominance (EOP) or odd/even predominance (OEP) occurred in short-chain n-alkanes of plant epicuticular wax might be correlated with their growing environments. All Carbon Preference Index (CPIs) and Average Chain Length (ACLs) from Bei-bei were lower than those from other sampling areas, mainly attributing to the higher numbers of short- and mid-chain n-alkanes in plants from Bei-bei. Cluster analysis revealed that H. scandens from Bei-bei and F. virens from Mountain Jin-yun were different from other species. Based on these findings, it seems that environmental conditions contribute to the complex patterns and variation of n-alkanes and different plant species had different responses to environment changes. The distribution of n-alkanes could be a good indicator to distinguish plant species under different growing conditions before other obvious morphological changes could be observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new lithium zinc iodate, LiZnO(IO3), has been prepared by hydrothermal reactions at 200 °C. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment revealed that the compound crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic space group Ama2 with cell parameters: a = 6.3386(6) Å, b = 11.2613(11) Å, c = 4.6840(5) Å, Z = 4. In the structure, the basic building units are the distorted ZnO6 octahedron, LiO4 tetrahedron and the IO3 group. These groups are linked together to form a three-dimensional structure by sharing the oxygen atoms. The DSC measurement demonstrates that the compound is stable up to 490 °C. Powder second-harmonic generation (SHG) test shows that the SHG effect is about 2 × KH2PO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells found in bone marrow, adipose tissue, and other adult tissues. MSCs improve regeneration of injured tissues in vivo, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Typically, MSCs are cultured under ambient or normoxic conditions (21% O2). However, the physiological niches of MSCs have much lower oxygen tension. When used as a therapeutic tool to repair tissue injuries, MSCs cultured in standard conditions must adapt from 21% O2 in culture to <1% O2 in ischemic tissue. We have examined the effects of hypoxia preconditioning (1% O2) in human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) to discover the conditions that best enhance their tissue regenerative potential. We demonstrate that AD-MSCs respond positively to hypoxia compared with normoxia preconditioning, show decreased apoptosis even in severe microenvironmental conditions (such as a low-serum medium), and an increased expression of the angiogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells have higher vitality and lower apoptosis when cultured in medium taken from hypoxia-preconditioned AD-MSCs, as well as significantly increased capillary-like structures with this medium on Matrigel. The data suggest that hypoxia preconditioned AD-MSCs can improve tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autologous fat tissue has been used as a potential filler for soft-tissue defects, despite unpredictable clinical outcomes and low graft survival. Co-transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is an alternative therapeutic approach to effectively enhance the survival and quality of transplanted fat tissue by increasing neovascularization. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which ASCs exerted their angiogenic effects remain obscure. ASCs can secrete several angiogenic growth factors, for example vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Hypoxic conditions may promote the proliferation of ASCs and their secretion. However, the differentiation of ASCs into endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes and smooth muscular cells in vivo has not been confirmed. The role of ASCs early after aspirated fat transplantation may be to induce new vessels from the recipient region to grow around and into the graft by releasing significant amounts of angiogenic growth factors rather than to differentiate into ECs, pericytes or smooth muscular cells forming new vessels, an effect that might be enhanced by hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Numerous methods have been proposed to enhance the survival of fat grafts, but no definitive treatment is available. Stromal vascular fraction ( SVF)-assisted cell therapy offers new perspectives for improving fat graft survival. Objectives To determine whether SVF supplementation could improve graft retention in patients undergoing autologous fat grafting for cosmetic improvement of facial contour. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from 38 women who underwent fat transplantation with SVF ( n = 26) or fat grafting alone ( n = 12) between October 2010 and January 2012. Each patient underwent computed tomography, and photographs were taken before and 6 months after surgery. The Philips Extended Brilliance Workspace was used for analysis of volume augmentation. Results All patients showed cosmetic improvements, but the degree varied. No complications were evidenced during follow-up. Fat survival was higher with SVF (64.8 ± 10.2%) than fat grafting alone (46.4 ± 9.3%) ( p < .01). SVF supplementation resulted in better clinical improvement than fat grafting alone. Conclusion Supplementing fat grafts with SVF for cosmetic facial contouring can improve the survival of fat grafts over fat grafting alone and provides satisfactory outcomes without major complications. Autologous fat grafting has been used for various cosmetic treatments and difficult reconstructive indications such as temporal depression, wrinkles of nasolabial folds, and hemifacial atrophy, with no incisional scar or complications associated with foreign materials, although problems such as a low rate of graft survival because of early resorption remain. (Aesthet Plast Surg, 14, 1990 and 127) Despite many innovations to overcome these problems, (Dermatol Surg, 26, 2000 and 1159); (Ann Plast Surg, 60, 2008 and 594); (Dermatol Surg, 27, 2001 and 819); (Dermatol Surg, 28, 2002 and 987) we lack a definitive method of fat processing that ensures maximal graft take and viability. (Plast Reconstr Surg, 115, 2005 and 197); (Dermatol Surg, 37, 2011 and 619) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The two dinuclear rare earth complexes Eu2(PBa)6(Phen)2 and Tb2(PBa)6(Phen)2, (where PBa=4-pentylbenzoate group and Phen=1, 10-phenanthroline), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both of them crystallize in space group P-1 with similar cell parameters. Each Eu or Tb ion is nine-coordinated with one 1, 10-phenanthroline molecule, one bidentate chelating carboxylate group, two bidentate bridging carboxylate groups, and two tridentate bridging carboxylate groups. The fluorescent properties of the europium and terbium complexes were also investigated. Under the UV excitation, the two complexes exhibit extensive characteristic emissions of europium and terbium ions, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Haplotype blocks greatly assist association-based mapping of casual candidate genes by significantly reducing genotyping effort. The gene haplotype could be used to evaluate variants of affected traits captured from the gene region. While there is a rising interest in gene haplotypes, much of the corresponding analysis was carried out manually. CandiHap allows rapid and robust haplotype analysis and candidate identification preselection of candidate causal single-nucleotide polymorphisms and InDels from Sanger or next-generation sequencing data. Investigators can use CandiHap to specify a gene or linkage sites based on genome-wide association studies and explore favorable haplotypes of candidate genes for target traits. CandiHap can be run on computers with Windows, Mac, or UNIX platforms in a graphical user interface or command line, and applied to any species, such as plant, animal, and microbial. The CandiHap software, user manual, and example datasets are freely available at BioCode (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007080) or GitHub (https://github.com/xukaili/CandiHap). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: To obtain consistent CCTA image quality and patient dose optimization with an individualized tube current selection method based on analysis of CT scout scans. Methods and materials: The study received a waiver of informed consent from the institutional review board. Initially 100 patients (Group A) underwent CCTA with a fixed mA. The scout view pixel value and CCTA image noise were measured. Their correlation was studied to establish a formula to determine the required mA for obtaining a CT exam with a specific image noise. One hundred patients (Group B) were then scanned with the formula-determined mA. CCTA image quality, image noise and effective dose from the two groups were statistically analyzed. CT findings for 32 Group B patients were compared with the conventional coronary angiography. Results: An average CCTA image noise of 27.6HU was obtained (target 27HU) using the formula with more uniform image noise in Group B (standard deviation 2.4HU) than in Group A (4.1HU). There was no statistical difference between image quality scores for the two groups. The effective dose for Group B (7.8mSv) was 30% lower than for Group A (11.2mSv) (p <0.01). CCTA sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and stenosis detection accuracy were 94.9%, 92.1%, 88.9%, 96.5% and 93.2%, respectively, for stenosis greater than 50%. Conclusion: CCTA mA selection based upon the image characteristics of the CT scout view provides an individualized protocol that generates consistent image quality and helps to reduce overall patient dose. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The title compound was firstly synthesized by solid state reaction and its single crystals were successfully obtained using a selected flux. It is isotypic with the mineral buetschliite, K2Ca(CO3)2, and crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3m with a = 5.4526(12) Å, c = 17.781(8) Å, Z = 3. In the structure, Ba and K atoms are disordered on a same site in the proportion of 0.492(4):0.508(4). The fundamental building units are YO6 octahedra and BO3 triangles. The structure consists of [YB2O6]∞ double layers constructed by corner-sharing YO6 and BO3 groups. Ba/K atoms occupy the spaces between these two layers and play the role of bridges. In addition, the luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped KBaY(BO3)2 were also studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The OA-modified CaF2: Eu nanocrystals that can be well dispersed in chloroform to form a clear solution were synthesized and characterized. The nanocrystals have a roughly spherical shape with particle diameter of about 10nm. Possible mechanism was proposed to explain the growth process. Upon the excitation at 395nm, the room-temperature emission spectrum of the nanocrystals in chloroform presents the characteristic transitions 5D0→7F J of Eu3+ ions, with 5D0→7F2 (610nm) transition as the most prominent group. The luminescence decay of Eu3+ ions in CaF2 nanocrystals was also investigated and two luminescence lifetimes of 737μs (11.2%) and 2.08ms (88.8%) were obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Two compounds NaSr0.5Al2B2O7 and NaCa0.5Al2B2O7, have been found to crystallize into a new structure type by Rietveld refinement from X-ray powder diffraction data. Their structure belongs to hexagonal space group , with lattice parameters of , for NaSr0.5Al2B2O7 and , for NaCa0.5Al2B2O7, respectively. The structure is built up by [Al2B2O7]2− double layer and Na+/Ca2+ or Na+/Sr2+ ions alternatively stacking along the c-axis. The sites in the inter-double layer are fully occupied jointly by Na and Ca or Sr, but the intra-double layer sites are only half occupied solely by Na. A mechanism of the transition of the structure from CaAl2B2O7 to present structure type by replacing only 1% Ca by Na (2%) as observed by Chang and Keszler (Mater. Res. Bull. 33 (1998) 299) is also proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A monodispersive core-shell structure of spherical mesoporous silica@nanocrystalline zirconia has been successfully synthesized by a special two step synthesis combined with a facile grafting method using plenty of surplus hydroxyls on the surface of mesoporous SiO2. XRD, nitrogen adsorption analysis, TEM, FETEM, and UV–VIS are used for the structural characterization. This spherical composite has a very uniform particle size around 260 nm and a homogeneous single-particle shell of nanocrystalline zirconia of around 4 nm in thickness. UV–VIS spectrum of this composite presents a significant blue shift compared to the bulk crystalline zirconia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

NixZn1-xFe2O4 (0.2≤x≤0.7) thin films with various compositions are prepared by alternative sputtering technology from the two targets with the composition NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4. The films are deposited on (1 1 1) Si substrates directly and buffered with ZnFe2O4 underlayer, respectively, at room temperature and then annealed in air at 850 °C. For unbuffered films with the increasing of Zn content, the saturation magnetization Ms increases firstly and then decreases when x=0.40 the Ms reaches the maximum value about 400 emu/cc, while the coercivity Hc decreases monotonously. The films grown on substrates with ZnFe2O4 underlayer exhibit better magnetic properties than those deposited on directly Si substrates which indicates the importance of lattice match and structural similarity between the film and the underlayer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

As cross‐shelf gradients of most properties are typically much steeper than those in the alongshore direction, transport across isobaths tends to be inhibited, particularly at oceanic fronts where cross‐shelf gradients are markedly pronounced. Consequently, variations in cross‐shelf gradients may exert a significant influence on offshore transport; however, this influence is not yet well understood. This study employs reconstructed daily suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data from the Yellow Sea's offshore region to investigate the dynamics of offshore transport. Our analysis on an interannual scale shows that offshore SSC correlates more with temperature gradients at the oceanic front than with winter storms, despite the latter's vital role in causing frontal instability. The observed increase in offshore transport over the past two decades is likely connected to Kuroshio Current warming, which has strengthened the horizontal density gradient at the oceanic front, driving the strengthened offshore transport of coastal sediments during instability episodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important minor cereal crop in China. The yellow color of the de-husked grain is the most direct aspect for evaluating the foxtail millet quality. The yellow pigment mainly includes carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and flavonoids. To reveal the diversity and specificity of flavonoids in foxtail millet, we chose three high eating quality and two poor eating quality varieties as research materials. A total of 116 flavonoid metabolites were identified based on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) system. The tested varieties contained similar levels of flavonoid metabolites, but with each variety accumulating its unique flavonoid metabolites. A total of 33 flavonoid metabolites were identified as significantly discrepant between high eating quality and poor eating quality varieties, which were mainly in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and one of its branches, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway. These results showed the diversified components of flavonoids accumulated in foxtail millets and laid the foundation for further research on flavonoids and the breeding for high-quality foxtail millet varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the effects of NLRP3 on radiation-induced tissue damage, including colon and skin damage in mice, and the possible mechanisms were explored in vivo and in vitro. The mice were subjected to whole abdomen radiation by timed exposure to X-ray at a cumulative dose of 14 Gy. The survival rate showed that NLRP3 deficiency increased the mortality rate in mice. Furthermore, colon damage, evaluated by H&E staining and barrier function analysis, were significantly aggravated by NLRP3 deficiency. Enhanced phosphorylation of p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 in colonic tissue as well as elevated IFN-β levels in the serum indicated hyperactivation of cGAS-STING signaling. Moreover, radiation-induced expression of p-TBK1, p-IRF3, and IFN-β in BMDMs increased in vitro after NLRP3 knockout. Thus, our study outcomes suggest that NLRP3 may protect mice from radiation-induced tissue damage via attenuating cGAS-STING signaling. [Display omitted] • NLRP3 deficiency decreased the survival rate in mice • NLRP3 protected mice from radiation-induced colon and skin tissue damage • NLRP3 knockout lead to overactivation of cGAS-STING signaling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil quality of coastal wetlands plays an important role in maintaining biological productivity, improving environmental quality, and promoting plant and animal health. Landscape pattern is the major factor affecting variations in soil quality of coastal wetland. However, the influence of landscapes on spatial variations in soil quality has not been fully explored in coastal wetlands with highly fragmented landscapes. Here, we established a composite indicator of soil quality of coastal wetland, used a series of analysis methods to explore the spatial characteristics of soil quality of coastal wetland and the intrinsic relationships between soil quality and landscape factors, and quantified the landscape factors affecting the spatial variation of soil quality. Chongming Island, a typical estuarine island coastal wetland in China, was selected as the study area. The results showed that coastal wetland soil quality had distinct spatial variations, and significant correlations were observed between soil quality indicators and landscape factors. Key landscape factors, including distance to coastline (DTC), distance to human-related landscape types (DTH), number of landscape types (NLT), natural index of landscape (NIL), number of landscape patches (NLP), total edge of landscape patches (TELP), net primary production (NPP), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil salinity index (SSI), and normalized difference build-up and bare soil index (NDBSI), were identified and quantified at the optimal spatial evaluation units. Among the landscape types, woodlands and farmlands showed better soil quality and landscape conditions in coastal wetlands. Among the landscape pattern factors, landscape function factors, rather than composition and structure factors, had a greater impact on the spatial variation of coastal wetland soil quality. The soil quality was good at positions with high DTC and NDVI and low DTH and SSI. These findings highlighted that landscape factors NDVI (19.93%), SSI (15.93%), DTC (15.28%), and DTH (11.16%) contributed the most to the spatial variation in soil quality on Chongming Island. This study reveals the intrinsic correlations between soil quality and landscape, and provides a reference for maintaining the coastal wetland ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The UV-sensitive LCMO-BPY sol was prepared by adding BPY as a chemical modifier. • A novel microfabrication process without photoresist was studied. • The RS mechanism of In/LCMO/NSTO at two different limiting current is discussed. In this paper, 2,2′-bipyridine (BPY) was used as a chemical modifier to prepare the La 0.67 Ca 0.33 MnO 3 (LCMO) UV-sensitive sol. The LCMO film was micro-fabricated by the UV-sensitivity of sol, which resulted in LCMO patterns with micron-scale microstructures. The micro-fabrication method was further applied in the preparation of LCMO dot array on the Nb:SrTiO 3 (NSTO) substrate to form In/LCMO/NSTO heterostructure. The I - V curve of the In/LCMO/NSTO structure exhibited an obvious I-V hysteresis window which indicated that the resistive switching (RS) effect occurred. It is analyzed that the RS effect results from the barriers change at the In/LCMO and LCMO/NSTO interfaces. Further tests revealed that the In/LCMO/NSTO structure could exhibited two different I-V characteristics when the limiting current was 1 and 10 mA respectively, and the mechanisms with these two different limiting currents are analyzed based on the interface barrier, Space-charge-limited current mechanism and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rs768705 (TMEM161B) is one of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Paranoid personality traits are independently associated with the risk of MDD. This study aimed to investigate the interaction effect between rs768705 (TMEM161B) and paranoid personality traits on the new-onset risk of MDD in Chinese freshmen. A longitudinal study was conducted among 7642 Chinese freshmen without lifetime MDD at baseline in 2018. 158 new-onset MDD cases were ascertained in 2019. DNA samples were extracted to detect the genotype of rs768705. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV criteria were used to determine MDD and personality disorder traits. Multiplicative interaction was assessed by logistic regression models. Tomas Andersson's method for calculating biological interactions was used to estimate the additive interaction. Rs768705(AG) (OR = 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.24–2.83) and paranoid personality traits (OR = 3.68, 95 % CI: 2.57–5.26) were significantly associated with the risk of MDD. The multiplicative interaction model with the product term of rs768705 and paranoid personality trait traits had a significant interaction effect (OR = 4.20, 95 % CI:1.62–10.91). There was also a significant additive interaction effect (RR = 7.08, 95 % CI:4.31–11.65) for the incidence of MDD. Seventy seven percent patients among new MDD cases were attributed to the additive interaction effect between rs768705 and paranoid personality traits. Rs768705 (AG) may interact with paranoid personality traits to increase the incidence of MDD among Chinese college students. Schools and psychosocial health organizations should pay more attention to individuals with paranoid personality traits for MDD intervention and prevention. • This was a 1-year longitudinal study conducted among 7642 Chinese freshmen. • There was an addictive interaction effect between rs768705 (AG) and paranoid personality traits on occurrence of MDD. • 77% of new MDD patients were attributed to the interaction effect of rs768705 (AG) & paranoid personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terbium doped calcium fluoride (CaF 2 :Tb3+) and cerium co-doped CaF 2 :Tb3+ (CaF 2 :Ce3+, Tb3+) nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method by using citric acid (Cit) as surfactant. The as-synthesized nanoparticles have good dispersibility in water to form an aqueous transparent dispersion at a concentration of 20 mg/mL. The nanoparticles have the CaF 2 -type cubic structures. Photoluminescence (PL) investigation showed that energy transfer can be occurred effectively from Ce3+ ions to Tb3+ ions in Cit/CaF 2 : Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles. And the PL intensity of Cit/CaF 2 : Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles is very strong at a low concentration of 1 mg/mL, which is 16-fold as high as that of Cit/CaF 2 : Tb3+ nanoparticles. The strong green emission from Cit/CaF 2 : Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles can selectively be quenched by Cu2+ ions in comparison to other metal ions and its detection limit is 1.02 × 10−5 M in an aqueous solution. The PL quenching is reversible by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) with the recovery of almost 80% of the original PL. The results revealed that Cit/CaF 2 : Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles could find a promising application for the detection of Cu2+ ions in an aqueous solution. • CaF 2 :Tb3+ and CaF 2 :Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by using Citrate as the surface modification. • The as-prepared nanoparticles formed a transparent aqueous dispersion with concentration up to 20 mg/mL. • Cit/CaF 2 : Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles have strong green emission in an aqueous dispersion at a low concentration of 1 mg/mL. • Cit/CaF 2 : Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles can selectively detect Cu2+ ions in water and detection limit is 1.02 × 10−5 M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effect of Andro-S on TNBS-induced chronic colitis was examined for the first time. • Andro-S significantly decreased mice death induced by repeated TNBS intrarectal administration. • Inflammation, colonic damage as well as fibrosis was significantly improved by Andro-S. Inflammatory bowel disease could result in diarrhea and abdominal pain, as well as potential complications such as tissue fibrosis. The therapeutic effect of andrographolide sulfonate on acute murine experimental colitis induced by 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) has been confirmed. In the study here, chronic colitis triggered by repeated intrarectal administration of TNBS was established and the effect of andrographolide sulfonate was examined. Repeated TNBS administration induced substantial mice death, which was significantly decreased by andrographolide sulfonate treatment. The elevation of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α as well as IFN-γ in colonic tissues levels were decreased after administration of andrographolide sulfonate. Next, CD4+ T cell and macrophage infiltration was found to descend. The subset of pathogenic CD4+ T cell subset including CD4+IFN-γ+ (Th1) and CD4+IL-17A+ (Th17) were also suppressed by andrographolide sulfonate. Further, the restrain of p38 and p65 activation were also observed after andrographolide sulfonate administration. Finally, TNBS-induced colonic epithelial damage as well as fibrosis were significantly mitigated by andrographolide sulfonate. Based on the results got here, we can make a conclusion that andrographolide sulfonate could decrease inflammation and epithelial damage as well as fibrosis thus ameliorating chronic colitis in mice. Our study suggest the possible use of andrographolide sulfonate for chronic colitis treatment in clinical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparse General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM) has played an important role in a number of applications. So far, many efficient algorithms have been proposed to improve the performance of SpGEMM on GPUs. However, the performance of each algorithm for matrices of different structures varies a lot. There is no algorithm that can achieve the optimal performance of SpGEMM computation on all matrices. In this article, we design a machine learning based approach for predicting the optimal SpGEMM algorithm on input matrices. By extracting features from input matrices, we utilize LightGBM and XGBoost to train different lightweight models. The models are capable of predicting the best performing algorithm with low inference overhead and high accuracy for the given input matrices. We also investigate the impact of tree depth on model accuracy and inference overhead. Our evaluation shows that an increase in tree depth leads to a corresponding increase in prediction accuracy, reaching a maximum of approximately 85%, while resulting in increased inference overhead of approximately 10 µs. Compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms on three GPU platforms, our method achieves better overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to get a better understanding of protein association during Solanum tuberosum (cv. Sarpo Mira)–Phytophthora infestans incompatible interaction, we investigated the proteome dynamics of cv. Sarpo Mira, after foliar application of zoospore suspension from P. infestans isolate, at three key time-points: zero hours post inoculation (hpi) (Control), 48 hpi (EI), and 120 hpi (LI); divided into early and late disease stages by the tandem mass tagging (TMT) method. A total of 1229 differentially-expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in cv. Sarpo Mira in a pairwise comparison of the two disease stages, including commonly shared DEPs, specific DEPs in early and late disease stages, respectively. Over 80% of the changes in protein abundance were up-regulated in the early stages of infection, whereas more DEPs (61%) were down-regulated in the later disease stage. Expression patterns, functional category, and enrichment tests highlighted significant coordination and enrichment of cell wall-associated defense response proteins during the early stage of infection. The late stage was characterized by a cellular protein modification process, membrane protein complex formation, and cell death induction. These results, together with phenotypic observations, provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of P. infestans resistance in potatos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advancement in agricultural biotechnology has resulted in increasing numbers of commercial varieties of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide. Though several databases on GM crops are available, these databases generally focus on collecting and providing information on transgenic crops rather than on screening strategies. To overcome this, we constructed a novel tool named, Genetically Modified Organisms Identification Tool (GMOIT), designed to integrate basic and genetic information on genetic modification events and detection methods. Results: At present, data for each element from 118 independent genetic modification events in soybean, maize, canola, and rice were included in the database. Particularly, GMOIT allows users to customize assay ranges and thus obtain the corresponding optimized screening strategies using common elements or specific locations as the detection targets with high flexibility. Using the 118 genetic modification events currently included in GMOIT as the range and algorithm selection results, a "6 + 4" protocol (six exogenous elements and four endogenous reference genes as the detection targets) covering 108 events for the four crops was established. Plasmids pGMOIT-1 and pGMOIT-2 were constructed as positive controls or calibrators in qualitative and quantitative transgene detection. Conclusions: Our study provides a simple, practical tool for selecting, detecting, and screening strategies for a sustainable and efficient application of genetic modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a critical adult stem cell subpopulation and are widely utilized in the fields of regenerative medicine and stem cell research due to their abundance, ease of harvest, and low immunogenicity. ASCs, which are homologous with skin by nature, can treat immune-related skin diseases by promoting skin regeneration and conferring immunosuppressive effects, with the latter being the most important therapeutic mechanism. ASCs regulate the immune response by direct cell–cell communication with immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and B cells. In addition to cell–cell interactions, ASCs modulate the immune response indirectly by secreting cytokines, interleukins, growth factors, and extracellular vesicles. The immunomodulatory effects of ASCs have been exploited to treat many immune-related skin diseases with good therapeutic outcomes. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of ASCs, as well as progress in research on immune-related skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]