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This paper approaches the question of the production, trade and consumption of wine in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes, in the south of the conventus Asturum (ancient province of Gallaecia). Despite the total absence of amphorae at the Roman site of Castro de Avelãs (Bragança) and its surrounding area, it is possible that this important product in Roman times, could have been consumed, produced and distributed using a different type of containers. Therefore, we propose the use a specific type of jars for the storage, transport and even production of wine. This hypothesis is reinforced by the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis realized in three vessels, recovered at the archaeological site. The results displayed biomarkers compatible with wine. With these data, we open the discussion about the consumption and production of wine (and other products) in this territory of the Southwest of Gallaecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches the question of the production, trade and consumption of wine in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes, in the south of the conventus Asturum (ancient province of Gallaecia). Despite the total absence of amphorae at the Roman site of Castro de Avelãs (Bragança) and its surrounding area, it is possible that this important product in Roman times, could have been consumed, produced and distributed using a different type of containers. Therefore, we propose the use a specific type of jars for the storage, transport and even production of wine. This hypothesis is reinforced by the gas chromatography / mass spectrometry analysis realized in three vessels, recovered at the archaeological site. The results displayed biomarkers compatible with wine. With these data, we open the discussion about the consumption and production of wine (and other products) in this territory of the Southwest of Gallaecia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the phenomenon of post-Roman for tification is emerging with interest for the territory of the ancient Roman province of Gallaecia. In recent years, these advances have been made in the location and study of sites inserted in the transition from the Roman state to the Early Middle Ages. The combination of non-invasive techniques with archaeological excavation allows more information about these fortified enclosures. In this text a review of the methodological process of study of the place of Castro Valente (Padrón, Galicia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some of the Iron Age hillforts of the northwest Iberian Peninsula ("Gallaecia", in antiquity), public buildings used as saunas have been found. So far some twenty examples are known, in different states of conservation. These are distributed between two separated regional clusters, northern and southern. The southern cases display a single pedra formosa ("beautiful stone") to define the entrance to the sweat room. In some cases these are richly decorated with "astral" motives. This fact, and the longitudinal pattern of the layout of the buildings, invites a search for eventual astral alignments. 21 saunas (10 northern and 11 southern) were measured. The results confirm the regional difference also in this respect: Only three of the northern saunas show solstitial orientations, but four of the southern are oriented towards the southern lunar standstill and three others towards dates compatible with the mid-season Celtic feasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with a review of 19th-century documents, we go on to study new aspects of the Panxón mosaic and take an overview of the main features of maritime interest in Galician mosaics and its relationship to that of other peninsular regions. We also, to a large extent, bring up-to-date the deposit with mosaics discovered in the three conventus which constitute Gallaecia, and conclude with general reflections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]