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The aim of this paper is to determine the correlation between the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu) in the bees body and bee products. The study was conducted by placing 12 hives with bees' families in four research areas (the forest area, the agricultural area, the transport area and industrial area) with different human impact. The forest area served as control where, practically, lacked sources of pollution. In the agricultural area the main sources of pollution are vehicles from nearby auto route, the former deposit of pesticides and agricultural machinery. The transport area is located at the periphery and is one affected by smoke gases from road transport undertaking of producing asphalt automobile market, vulcanization etc. At the periphery of the city is located the industrial area with impact of road transport, glass factory, factory, household chemical products, thermal and electrical station and other small enterprises. From every experimental family were taken bee pollen, honey and propolis samples, according to current regulations and transported to the laboratory for analysis. The content of heavy metals in the samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with thermal atomization (GFASS). Research results have shown that, between the concentration of heavy metals in pollen, honey bees and their content in the bee body exist a quite close positive correlative link. The highest values of correlation coefficients have been recorded between Cd content in pollen and bees (rxy = 0.77; P < 0.001), between Pb content in pollen and bees (rxy = 0.77; P < 0.001), pollen and honey (rxy = 0.71; P < 0.001), honey and bees (rxy = 0.68; P < 0.01) and between Cu content in pollen and bees (rxy = 0.71; P < 0.001), pollen and honey (rxy = 0.67; P < 0.01), honey and bees (rxy = 0.62; P < 0.01). Someone correlative links between the concentration of heavy metals in propolis and other apiarian products (pollen, honey) and bees body, have not been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to determine residues of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd and Cu in the bees' body in different areas with different human impact. For this, have been selected 4 research areas (forest area, agricultural area, transport area and industrial area) where have been placed each 12 bees families. The forest area served as control where, practically, lacked sources of pollution. In the agricultural area the main sources of pollution are vehicles from nearby auto route, the former deposit of pesticides and agricultural machinery. The transport area is located at the periphery of the city and is, one, affected by smoke gases from road transport. Also, at the periphery of the city is located the industrial area with impact of road transport, and industry. In the period 2012-2013 in May and June, from each family have been collected by 50 worker bees. The quantitative analysis of studied metals in the bees' body had been performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with thermal atomization (GFASS). It was found, that the honey bee responds to environmental changes, by variation of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in her body in dependence on bee families' location. Among the studied metals, the highest concentrations in all research areas in the bees body record Cu, followed by Pb and Cd. The average concentrations of Pb in the bees body from the industrial and the transport areas have been significantly higher compared with those from forest area, respectively with 0.797 mg/kg or 402.5% (td = 7.73; P < 0.001) and 0.666 mg/kg or 336.4% (td = 8.12; P < 0.001). The average content of Cd in the bees body from industrial and transport areas, have been significantly higher compared with those from the forest area, respectively with 0.157 mg/kg or 413.2 % (td = 6.04; P < 0.001) and 0.089 mg or 234.2% (td = 8.09; P < 0.001). The average content of Cu in the bees body from the agricultural areas was significantly higher than those from forest area with 3.52 mg/kg or 81.8% (td = 10.66; P < 0.001). In all research areas, the heavy metals concentrations in the bees' body have been far away and much lower than the noxious dose for bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to assess the conformity of the forest melliferous flora with organic apiculture, regarding concentrations of systemic pesticides, to predict the production of bio apicultural products. Flowers of the forest trees of white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) and large-leaf linden (Tilia platyphillos), which are the main sources of nectar and pollen for honey bees, were studied for the presence of 17 more commonly spread pesticides: pyrethroid insecticides (Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Pyrethrin, Tau-fluvalinate), neonicotinoid insecticides (Imidacloprid, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam), organophosphorus insecticides (Fenamifos), triazole fungicides (Difenoconazole, Fenhexamid, Mepanipyrim, Cyprodinil), acaricides (Fipronil) and herbicides (Amidosulfuron, Amitrol, Glyphosate, Sulfosulfurol). Of the 17 investigated pesticides, in the white acacia flowers, 14 pesticide residues were found: Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Pyrethrin, Clothianidin, Fenamifos, Difenoconazole, Fenhexamid, Mepanipyrim, Cyprodinil, Fipronil, Amidosulfuron, Amitrol, Glyphosate and Sulfosulfurol. Average concentrations of pesticides residues in acacia flowers ranged from 0.003 mg/kg for Mepanipyrim and Fipronil, to 8.75 mg/kg for Difenoconazole and 0.25 mg/kg to Glyphosate. In the large-leaf linden flowers, out of the 17 investigated pesticides, the residues of 13 pesticides were registered, including 3 pyrethroid insecticides, 1 neonicotinoid insecticide, 1 organophosphorus insecticide, 3 triazole fungicides, 1 acaricide and 4 herbicides. Average concentrations of pesticide residues in the linden flowers ranged from 0.001 mg/kg for Fipronil up to 16.0 mg/kg for Difenoconazole and 1.25 mg/kg for Glyphosate. The obtained data attest that in the flowers of forest trees are detected low concentrations of residues of pyrethroid insecticides (Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Pyrethrin) from 0,003 up to 0,100 mg/kg, of neonicotinoid insecticide (Clothianidin) from 0,400 up to 0,425 mg/kg, of organophosphorus insecticide (Fenamifos) in an amount of 0.042 mg/ kg, triazole fungicides (Fenhexamid, Mepanipyrim, Cyprodinil) from 0,017 to 0,092 mg/kg, triazole fungicide Difenoconazole from 8,75 to 16,0 mg/kg, acaricide Fipronil from 0,001 up to 0,003 mg/kg, herbicides (Amidosulfuron, Amitrol, Sulfosulfurol) from 0,005 up to 0,013 mg/kg and herbicide Glyphosate from 0,25 up to 1,25 mg/kg. The detected concentrations of pesticide residues in the tree flowers (white acacia and large-leaf linden) was from 1.3 to 33.3 times lower than the maximum admisibil limits, according to national and EU standards. Therefore, the recorded pesticide residues in the flowers of forestry trees, are not harmful for the health of bees and fauna of studied ecosystem. In conclusion we can say that the flora of studied by us forest sector, are not polluted with pesticides, so organic beekeeping can be practiced here, with the production of organic apiculture products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the composition and process for additional feeding and deworming of hares is an important, fundamental and, especially, applicative issue, because some species serve as definitive hosts in the development cycle and as parasitic vectors, being dangerous for both domestic animals and humans. Parasitosis are the most common diseases in wildlife of the hunting fauna, which results with substantial economic losses. The invention relates to the protection of hunting fauna, namely to a composition and a process for additional feeding and deworming of hares. The composition, according to the invention, comprises, in %: oats 30.0-50.0, wheat 4.0-7.0, barley 2.0-4.0, corn 2.0-4.0, sunflower groats 2.0-4.0, soybean groats 2.0-4.0, bentonite 20.0-30.0, molasses 1.0-2.0, dextrin 2.0-3.0, premix containing vitamins, oligoelements, minerals, coccidiostatic and antioxidant 1.0-2.0, and a preparation containing 20% albendazole 1.0-2.0. The process, according to the invention, provides for the administration to hares of said composition, in a dose of 75 g/hare, in winter, twice with an interval of 14 days, in the form of briquettes, placed at a height of 25-40 cm from the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research was to estimate the efficiency of pollination by bees of some parental sunflower varieties, depending on the distance between the selected sectors with inflorescences and hives with bees, placed for pollination, was carried out. The experiments were performed on a field of sunflowers, with an area of 36 ha, where maternal variety "Express" and paternal variety "NS-X 6006" (both from Republic of Serbia), destined for crossing to obtain hybrid seeds, were sown alternatively. Around chain have been located 144 bee families, so that there were 4 families per ha. For verifying the self-pollination capacity of sunflower, 4 experimental sectors were selected, at different distances from the beehives - 10, 100, 300 and 500 m. As a control 8 inflorescences were selected in each sector, which before flowering, were covered with gauze. In the phase of full ripening of seeds, from each experimental sector the seeds were collected manually - 8 control-inflorescences and 9 experimental inflorescences (naturally pollinated). For each inflorescence in part were examined: the total number of seeds, number of fertile and sterile seeds, total weight of seeds, weight of fertile and sterile seed (weighed on electronic scales accurate to 0.1 g) and degree of seed's fertility. A result of researches was found that sunflower crops of varieties "Express" and "NS-X 6006" researched by us, are typically entomophilous, because in our experience, self-pollination (isolated) did not occur. The degree of seed's fertility of pollinated by bees inflorescences, varied depending on the distance between experimental inflorescences to the beehives, from 85.7% to 90.3%. The average total mass of the seeds from free pollinated inflorescence was higher compared to that of the self-pollinated inflorescences with 36.6 to 54.0 g or 260-740% (td = 7.5 to 16.3; P < 0.001), hence, pollinating by bees of parental varieties of sunflower "Express" and "NS-X 6006" is quite effective and increases the harvest of seeds from 3.6 to 8.4 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to test in the bee's feed the biomass of aquatic microalgae Oocistis borgei Snow, hereinafter referred to as bioactive supplement „Borgesnow" and elaboration on its basis of a process of feeding of bee families during the end of winter and start of spring (februarymarch), deficient harvesting period in nature. The researchers were conducted on the Apis mellifera Carpatica bee families at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences. For testing of biomass in bee's feed at the end of February, they were formed three batches of bees families, to which once for each frame with bees were administered 200 g of nutritional paste, prepared by mixing the powdered sugar with honey in proportion 7:3. The batch I - control, bees have received only nutritional paste, prepared by mixing the powdered sugar with honey. The batch II - the bees have received paste enriched with nutritional supplement "Apispir+Fe" in quantity of 200 mg of active substance per 1 kg of paste. The batch III - bees have received nutritional paste enriched with bioactive supplement "Borgesnow" in a quantity equivalent to 200 mg of dry substance per 1 kg of paste. Research results have shown that feeding of bee families with nutritional supplement enriched with biomass of aquatic microalgae Oocistis borgei Snow help to increase, compared to the control batch, queen prolificacy up to 132 eggs or 8.3%, the amount of capped brood with 15.4 hundreds cell or 8.0%, family power by 0.26 kg or 8,1%, the amount of bee bread accumulated in nest with 20.4 hundreds cells or 22,6%, the amount of wax increased by 0.09 kg or 30,0%, resistance to disease by 3.1 points or 3,5%, brood viability with 1.5 points or 1,7% and the amount of honey in the harvesting 4.16 kg, or 38,7%. The result is due to increasing nutrient assimilation and accessibility of biomass, given the fact that the microalgae Oocistis borgei Snow is covered with a thin protective membrane and the biomass is rich in biologically active substances, in particular proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, essential amino acids, micro - and macro elements, antioxidants, which have a catalytic role in the metabolism of nitrogenous substances to worker bees, participates in the synthesis of some enzymes, improves the qualitative composition of royal jelly and stimulates its secretion by nurse-bees, so indirectly influence (by feeding with royal jelly of the queen) on the reproductive system of the queen, intensifiing the ovogenesis and egg-laying. All of these largely determines the queen prolificacy, development of the larvae and brood from the nest, contributing to the increased family strength and their productive potential as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic nematodes and virus diseases individually can cause serious losses in plum production, however in combination, they can be very destructive to crops in the long-term. The result of the conducted investigation revealed that abundance of nematodes in the Northern area of the Republic of Moldova ranged from 50 to 250 specimens per 100 g of sampled soil. In the Central area, the values varied more comparative to Northern part, ranging from 80 to 300 specimens per 100 g of soil, due to temperature variations and humidity. Altogether, 32 species of free living and plant parasitic nematodes from fruit trees crops were revealed. The most frequent proved to be species from the orders Thylenchida and Dorylaimida, the genera Pratylenchus, Rotylenchus, Ditylenchus and Criconemoides. In addition, the species Xiphinema index, X. brevicole, X. vuitennezi and Longidorus elongates were identified as vectors of viral pathogens. According to the trophic specialization, 5 groups of nematodes were detected, the most abundant being the group of plant parasitic nematodes (18 species), which seriously affect absorbing bristles, followed by specialized endo and ecto-parasitic adaptations and vectors of viral pathogens. These investigations present a major significance for developing netological management programs in plum orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to test in the bee's feed the biomass of aquatic microalgae Scenedesmus apiculatus, hereinafter referred to as bioactive supplement "Scenecuadri" and elaboration on its basis of a process of feeding of bee families during the end of winter and start of spring (february-march), poor harvesting period in nature. The researches were conducted on the Apis mellifera Carpatica bee families at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences. For testing of biomass in bee's feed at the end of February, they were formed three batches of bees families, to which once for each frame with bees were administered 200 g of nutritional paste, prepared by mixing the powdered sugar with honey in proportion 7:3. The batch I - control, bees have received only nutritional paste, prepared by mixing the powdered sugar with honey. The batch II - the bees have received paste enriched with nutritional supplement „Apispir+Zn" in quantity of 200 mg of active substance per 1 kg of paste. The batch III - bees have received nutritional paste enriched with bioactive supplement „Apiculatus" in a quantity equivalent to 200 mg of dry substance per 1 kg of paste. Research results have shown that feeding of bee families with nutritional supplement enriched with biomass of aquatic microalgae S. apiculatus help to increase, compared to the control batch, queen prolificacy up to 164 eggs or 10,3% (td=5.2; P<0.001), the amount of capped brood with 17.8 hundreds cells or 9.3% (td=4.7; P<0.001), family power with 0.23 kg or 7.1% (td=3.0; P<0.01), resistance to disease by 3.4 points or 3.8% (td=3.6; P<0.01), brood viability with 1.2 points or 1.3% (td=2.9; P<0.01) the amount of bee bread accumulated in nest with 24.9 hundreds cells or 27.6% (td=8.4; P<0.001), the amount of wax increased by 0.11 kg or 36.7% (td=5.0; P<0.001) and the amount of honey at first harvesting with 4.18 kg or 38.9% (td=9.9; P<0.001). The result is due to increasing nutrient assimilation and accessibility of biomass, given the fact that the micro S. apiculatus is covered with a thin protective membrane and the biomass is rich in biologically active substances, in particular proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, essential amino acids, micro - and macro elements, antioxidants (â-carotene), which have a catalytic role in the metabolism of substances nitrogenous to worker bees, participates in the synthesis of enzymes, improves the vital activity of bees, with direct influences on their flight intensity, activating nectar and pollen harvesting functions, as well as secretory functions of wax glands, stimulates the functions of reproductive system of the queen, activating ovogenesis and egg-laying. All of this mostly determines the power of bee families, their capacity to accumulate precursors of beekeepers' products (nectar, pollen) and their productive potential as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to test in the bee's feed the biomass of aquatic microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda, hereinafter referred to as bioactive supplement "Scenecuadri" and elaboration on its basis of a process of feeding of bee families during the end of winter and start of spring (february-march), poor harvesting period in nature. The researchers was conducted on the Apis mellifera Carpatica bee families at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences. For testing of biomass in bee's feed at the end of February, they were formed three batches of bees families, to which once for each frame with bees were administered 200 g of nutritional paste, prepared by mixing the powdered sugar with honey in proportion 7:3. The batch I - control, bees have received only nutritional paste, prepared by mixing the powdered sugar with honey. The batch II - the bees have received paste enriched with nutritional supplement "Apispir + Cr" in quantity of 200 mg of active substance per 1 kg of paste. The batch III - bees have received nutritional paste enriched with bioactive supplement "Scenecuadri" in a quantity equivalent to 200 mg of dry substance per 1 kg of paste. Research results have shown that feeding of bee families with nutritional supplement enriched with biomass of aquatic microalgae S. quadricauda help to increase, compared to the control batch, queen prolificacy up to 125 eggs or 7.8%, the amount of capped brood with 14.7 hundreds cell or 7.7%, family power by 0.30 kg or 9.3%, the amount of bee bread accumulated in nest with 14.0 hundreds cells or 15.5%, the amount of wax increased by 0.04 kg or 13.3%, resistance to disease by 1.6 or 1.8%, brood viability with 11 points or 1.2% and the amount of honey in the harvesting 3.01 kg, or 27.6%. The result is due to increasing nutrient assimilation and accessibility of biomass, given the fact that the microalgae Scenedsmus quadricauda is covered with a thin protective membrane and the biomass is rich in biologically active substances, in particular proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, essential amino acids, micro - and macro elements, antioxidants (beta carotene), which have a catalytic role in the metabolism of substances nitrogenous to worker bees, participates in the synthesis of enzymes, improves the qualitative composition of royal jelly and stimulates its secretion by wet nurses-bees, so indirectly influence (by feeding with royal jelly of the queen) on the reproductive system of the queen, intensifiing the ovogenesis and eggs laying. All of this largely determines the queen prolificacy, development of the larvae and brood from the nest, contributing to the increased family strength and their productive potential as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was the creation, by scientific selection methods, of bee populations with increased morph-productive genetic potential, intended for reproduction of valuable genetic material for dissemination in small and medium apiaries. The research work was carried out on bee populations of Apis mellifera Carpatica race, from experimental apiaries of Institute of Zoology (IZ) of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, which includes 50 bee colonies (considered as a middle apiary, after the number of families) and of the National Association of Beekeepers of Moldova (ANARM) with the number of 30 families (considered as small apiary), placed at stationary in forest areas of central part of Moldovan forests. Biological particularities, including external morphmetric features that characterize the race purity (tegument colour working bee, proboscis length, cubital index value, discoidal shift, specific (type) of capping of cells with honey, bee behaviour by opening the nest and examining the honeycomb), and morph-productive potential of bee families (over winter resistance, queen prolificacy, family strength, broods viability, resistance to disease and honey production) were evaluated during the years 2010-2014. On the basis of assessment of morph-productive features, annually each family of bees has been evaluated according to the complex of characters, and the class of evaluation was attributed, that indicates the morph-productive genetic potential and its breeding value. Annually, from the total number of evaluated bee populations, the best families were selected and included in breeding batch, then used for semen collections for artificial growth of honeybee queens. As a result of researches and selection at above apiaries, they were created and genetically consolidated 2nd population of bee colonies with high productivity and resistance to diseases. Bee populations correspond to the race standard by external morphological features, which certify the purity race, and possess high productivity at: productivity of honey (42.9-57.4 kg), increased resistance to diseases (91.6%) and over winter resistance (93.3-89.4%), the strong viability brood (92.3-92.4%), which, respectively, with 27.5%, 52.4%, 45.7-19.2% and 15.4-15.5% is higher than the race standards. Within the populations of colonies were created 2 batches of breeding with bees families genetically consolidated with high-level performance (proboscis length 6,60 - 6,62 mm, cubital index 44.6-45.3%, positive discoidal shift 84.5-93.0%, family strength 3.19-3.22 kg, queens prolificacy 1749-1873 eggs/24 h, over winter resistance 89.4-94.3%, brood viability - 92.4-92.5%, disease resistance 91.4- 92.2%, honey production 49.3- 63.2 kg), correspond to the standards after morphological external features race purity, and far exceed the standard after morph-productive characteristics: queen prolificacy - with 9.3-17.1% (P < 0.001), family strength - with 36.9-39.2% (P < 0.001), over winter resistance - with 19.2-25.7% (P < 0.001), brood viability - with 15.5-15.6% (P < 0.001), disease resistance - with 52.3-54.7% (P < 0.001) and honey production - with 9.6-40.4% (P < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to evaluate and test the influence of organic coordination compounds containing rare microelements, on the vital functions and on the development of the morpho-character of Apis mellifera bee colonies. Several experiments where conducted and was tested in feeding bees in spring (April 1 to 21) a period with poor harvest in nature, a nutritious blend of 50% sugar syrup supplement enriched with bioactive organic compound heteronuclear coordinative sulfate [tris-thiosemicarbazide cobalt (III)] [1, 2-diaminociclohexantetraacetat bismuth (III)] hexahydrate - [Co (tios) 3], [Bi (CDTA)] SO4 · 6H2O in aqueous solution with concentration of 1 mg% (hereinafter referred to as "compound + Co + Bi), which was mixed with sugar syrup in a ratio of 2: 100, and was administered directly into the food of bees and bee families where feed with the nutrient in amount of 100 ... 130 ml for every frame with bees, every 2 days for a period of three weeks. Bee colonies were formed into three lots, each lot formed from 16 families, of which: group I - control, which were fed only with sugar syrup 50%, group II - prototype, which where feed with sugar syrup by adding nutritional supplement enriched with patented "Apispir + Fe + It" (MD 477 Z 2012.09.30) and group III - experimental, which received sugar syrup enriched with supplement "compound + Co + Bi". The research results have shown that using energizing nutritional supplements enriched with biologically active substances of organic compounds coordination in bee feeding in times when there is a poor harvest in nature, helps stimulate vital functions of bee families and increase their productivity: the prolificity of queen - with 5.2 to 9.7% (P <0.001); the amount of capped brood - with 5.2 to 9.7% (P <0.001); family strenght-by 2.5 to 9.7% (P <0.1s P <0.001); disease resistance - by 2.4 to 5.0% (P <0.001); brood viability - with 1.2 to 2.2% (P <0,01s (P <0.001); the amount of accumulated bee bread in brood chamber-by 15.0 to 23.3% (P <0.001), an increased amount of wax combs - by 21.4 to 39.3% (P <0.001) and the amount of honey accumulated in the colony - with 13.9 to 25.4% (P <0.01 and P <0.001). The beneficial effect of feeding bees with biologically active nutritional supplements Apispir + Fe + + Co + Se and Bi compound denotes the fact that in the spring (March-April), a period poor in harvesting, in the area studied, in nature there is a shortage of biologically active substances, including rare microelements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research purpose was to establish the damage (variance) degree of the morph-productive characters value and also of other biological features of bee colonies, depending on weather conditions. Research have been done on Apis mellifera Carpatica bee colonies, grown up at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of Science Academy from Moldova. At the bee colonies were evaluated a series of morph- productive characters, such as prolificacy of the queen, colony strength, overwinter resistance, brood viability, disease resistance and production of honey, also a number of exterior morphological traits of the bees, such as tegument colour, specific (type) of covering cells with honey, bee behaviour by opening the nest and examining the honeycomb, tube length, cubital index and discoid dislocation of the bifurcation point of the lower rib from radial cell with distal rib of cubital cell of the right anterior wing. Research have shown that adverse weather conditions (drought) of 2012 had a negative impact, mainly on the morph-productive characters such as queen's prolificacy, family strength, brood viability, disease resistance and honey production. Thus, the power of bee colonies in 2012 was 0.6 kg of bee, or 20.2% lower (P <0.001) compared with 2011. This power decrease of bee colonies was due to the reduction of both, reproductive indices, such as the queens' prolificacy, brood viability, resistance to diseases and also honey productivity. Average queens' prolificacy in 2012 was 1740 ± 16 eggs/24 hours, which is 66 eggs, or 3.7% lower than in 2011 (P <0.01), which was stagnant reflected over the quantity of covered brood of which results the amount of working bees - the family power. Average viability of the brood in 2012 was significantly lower with 2.5 percentage points, or with 2.8% (P <0.001) compared with the brood grown up in 2011. Resistance to disease (determined by hygienic test)of bee colonies in 2012 was significantly lower with 2.0 percentage points, or 2.2% (P <0.001) compared with 2011, which increased the number of morbidity and mortality cases of the bees. On the background of the damage of the bee colonies general condition, the honey production collected in the nest by bee families in 2012 was only 23.9 ± 1.2 kg, which is 20.9 kg or 46.7% significantly lower (P <0.001) compared with 2011. However, there have been no significant changes in the behaviour of bees by the nest opening and by examining the comb, and the cubital index and discoid dislocation of the bifurcation point of the lower rib from radial cell with distal rib of cubital cell of the right anterior wing of the bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research purpose was to establish the damage (variance) degree of the morph-productive characters value and also of other biological features of bee colonies, depending on weather conditions. Research have been done on Apis mellifera Carpatica bee colonies, grown up at the experimental apiary of the Institute of Zoology of Science Academy from Moldova. At the bee colonies were evaluated a series of morph-productive characters, such as prolificacy of the queen, colony strength, overwinter resistance, brood viability, disease resistance and production of honey, also a number of exterior morphological traits of the bees, such as tegument colour, specific (type) of covering cells with honey, bee behaviour by opening the nest and examining the honeycomb, tube length, cubital index and discoid dislocation of the bifurcation point of the lower rib from radial cell with distal rib of cubital cell of the right anterior wing. Research have shown that adverse weather conditions (drought) of 2012 had a negative impact, mainly on the morph-productive characters such as queen's prolificacy, family strength, brood viability, disease resistance and honey production. Thus, the power of bee colonies in 2012 was 0.6 kg of bee, or 20.2% lower (P <0.001) compared with 2011. This power decrease of bee colonies was due to the reduction of both, reproductive indices, such as the queens' prolificacy, brood viability, resistance to diseases and also honey productivity. Average queens' prolificacy in 2012 was 1740 ± 16 eggs/24 hours, which is 66 eggs, or 3.7% lower than in 2011 (P <0.01), which was stagnant reflected over the quantity of covered brood of which results the amount of working bees - the family power. Average viability of the brood in 2012 was significantly lower with 2.5 percentage points, or with 2.8% (P <0.001) compared with the brood grown up in 2011. Resistance to disease (determined by hygienic test)of bee colonies in 2012 was significantly lower with 2.0 percentage points, or 2.2% (P <0.001) compared with 2011, which increased the number of morbidity and mortality cases of the bees. On the background of the damage of the bee colonies general condition, the honey production collected in the nest by bee families in 2012 was only 23.9 ± 1.2 kg, which is 20.9 kg or 46.7% significantly lower (P <0.001) compared with 2011. However, there have been no significant changes in the behaviour of bees by the nest opening and by examining the comb, and the cubital index and discoid dislocation of the bifurcation point of the lower rib from radial cell with distal rib of cubital cell of the right anterior wing of the bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]