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• Thirteen novel benzenesulfonamide bearing 4-thiazolidinone derivatives were designed and synthesized. • The effects on colorectal cell line were evaluated. • Molecular docking studies, molecular dynamics simulations and ADME properties investigated. Thirteen new benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing 4-thiazolidinone were synthesized. Their cytotoxic properties were tested on colorectal carcinoma (HT-29, DLD-1, COLO-205) and normal colon fibroblast (CCD-986Sk) cell lines. Compounds 3l (IC 50 =114.62 µM), 3a (IC 50 =25.82 µM), 3k (IC 50 =30.99 µM), and 3i (IC 50 =62.94 µM) showed the highest cytotoxicity on HT-29, DLD-1, COLO-205, and CCD-986Sk cell lines, respectively. Compound 3e (IC 50 =1075.4 µM) exhibited the least cytotoxicity against CCD-986Sk. The apoptosis profile of 5-FU at 5 µM was similar to that of compound 3e at 30 µM. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed stable interactions for compounds 3i and 3e. Molecular docking and MD simulations revealed that compounds 3i and 3e exhibit stable interactions with key cancer-related protein targets, particularly TGFβ2. These interactions suggest their potential as therapeutic agents. The predicted ADME parameters further highlighted compounds 3e and 3i for their favorable lipophilicity, solubility, permeability, and oral absorption profiles, supporting their promise as candidates for future drug development. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An acute respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus (Severe acute respirotary syndrome-coronavirüs-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), appeared in December 2019 and then has spread rapidly throughout the world starting from China, Japan and South Korea. As of January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization has officially declared the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering the clinical symptoms of COVID-19, it has many symptoms such as high fever, cough, and fatigue. It is reported that this disease is very severe and causes serious consequences such as cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome in the elderly and those with chronic diseases. Currently, scientists are trying to find a specific antiviral treatment strategy. Various medications such as hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ ritonavir, ribavirin, remdesivir and favipiravir are currently being applied in clinical trials to test their efficacy and safety worldwide in COVID-19 treatment, and some promising results have been achieved so far. In this review, agents with potential efficacy against COVID-19 are presented in summary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Stroke is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, the importance of the awareness of this disease has increased by the use of time-based emergency treatments such as intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. In order for patients to benefit from these treatments, society needs to have enough awareness of stroke. Materials and Methods: In our study, we aimed to determine the awareness of stroke by using a questionnaire on a population presenting to a university hospital. Results: Two hundred participants were included. The average of age was 34.9±14.3 (range, 18-78) years. The participants knew the word paralysis (felç) more (82.5%) than stroke (inme) (50%). The most known symptom/sign of stroke was weakness and loss of sensation on one side of arm and leg; the least known sign of stroke was visual loss. Only 5 out of 200 participants were aware of all stroke symptoms. Conclusion: Society needs to be informed more about stroke in order for patients to benefit from these emergency treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability of budget deficits is regarded as one of the determining factors in the sustainability of economic policies. For this reason, the determination of the sustainability of budget deficits is gaining importance nowadays. In this study, the sustainability of the budget deficit in Turkey was examined using data from the period 2006: 02-2017: 06. In this context the first, the stationary of the series was examined using the ADF unit root test and the Lumsdaine-Papell structural break unit root test. When the first difference was received, they were found to be stationary. The existence of the cointegration relation between the series was tested by Maki (2012) with structural break cointegration test. Long term cointegration coefficients were estimated by the DOLS method. The result that the budget deficit in Turkey has been strongly sustainable was reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: That treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) causes metabolic side effects and atherosclerosis in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD) is well-known. Increased arterial stiffness is an important marker of arteriosclerosis and has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a marker of arteriosclerosis in patients with schizophrenia and BD who use SGAs. Methods: Patients and controls were collected from our psychiatry outpatient clinics or family medicine. Mental illness was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition. Mean age, gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, Framingham risk score (FRS), etc. were determined. Simultaneous electrocardiography and pulse wave were recorded with an electromyography device. The photo-plethysmographic method was used to record the pulse wave. Inclusion criteria included use of SGAs for at least the last six months. Patients with diseases that are known to cause stiffness and the use of typical antipsychotics were excluded. Results: Ninety-six subject (56 patients, 40 controls) were included in our study. There were 49 females, 47 males. Patients had schizophrenia (n=17) and BD (n=39). Their treatments were quetiapine (n=15), risperidone (n=13), olanzapine (n=15), and aripiprazoie (n=13). Although differences in mean age, gender, and FRS in the patient and control groups were not statistically significant (p= 1), PWV was greater in patients in the antipsychotic group (p=0.048). Conclusion: This study supported the liability to stiffness in patients with schizophrenia and BD. Using SGAs may contribute to arterial stiffness in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is classi­cally characterized by headache, confusion, seizure, visual loss, and imaging findings of bilateral cortical and subcortical vasogenic edema in the posterior circulation area. We present three cases of PRES with different clinical and/or imaging features. They were associated with pregnancy. First case was a typical PRES, second case's lesions were predominantly in the anterior circulation area of the brain, and third case was hemorrhagic PRES. Different clinical and/or radiological fea­tures can be seen in cases with PRES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is classically characterized by headache, confusion, seizure, visual loss, and imaging findings of bilateral cortical and subcortical vasogenic edema in the posterior circulation area. We present three cases of PRES with different clinical and/or imaging features. They were associated with pregnancy. First case was a typical PRES, second case's lesions were predominantly in the anterior circulation area of the brain, and third case was hemorrhagic PRES. Different clinical and/or radiological features can be seen in cases with PRES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a long term (1 year) hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on QT interval, QT dispersion (QTd) frequencies of arrhythmia and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Methods: Forty-six healthy postmenopausal women (mean age; 55.34±4.21) as a hormone replacement therapy group and 25 healthy premenopausal women (mean age; 35.36±6.06) as a control group were prospectively enrolled to the study. Hormone replacement therapy group was divided into two groups; estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) group (n=23) and progestin–estrogen replacement therapy (PERT) group (n=23). Standard 12 lead electrocardiograms and 24-h ambulatory Holter recording were obtained to evaluate the effects of one year of ERT and PERT on QT intervals, QTd, frequencies of arrhytmias and HRV parameters. Results: Long term use of ERT increases QT interval, QTd, in the frequencies of arrhytmia and HRV indexes of parasympathetic activity; however, the increase in frequencies of arrhythmia was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Long term use of PERT did not effected QT interval, QTd, frequencies of ventricular arrhythmia and HRV parameters (p>0.05).Frequency of supraventricular tachycardia increased in post-treatment PERT group was compared with pre-treatment PERT group. Conclusion: These findings supported the hypothesis that estrogen may directly modulate ventricular repolarization. But progestin do not effect the ventricular repolarization. However, these findings must be supported with a large-scale study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the seventh most common cancer and the third leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Mechanisms underlying tumor onset, progression, and metastasis in the case of HCC have not been adequately studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genotoxic, cytotoxic, apoptotic and oxidant effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) on HCC cells. Materials and Methods: H4IIE Rattus norvegicus hepatoma cells and Rattus norvegicus healthy liver clone-9 cells were treated with the increasing concentrations of OLEs (250-2000 ppm) in ethanol, acetone, dichloromethane, and methanol. ATP cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species generation levels, double staining test with acridine orange/ethidium bromide, comet assay, levels of interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured. Significance was determined using ANOVA test. Results: Apoptotic, genotoxic, cytotoxic, and oxidative effects of OLEs increased with the increasing concentrations as compared to controls in H4IIE cells (p<0.001). Conclusion: This is the first study to show a significant and selective cytotoxic activity of OLEs in the selected H4IIE cancer cell lines. OLEs could selectively increase the apoptotic damage and show anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties against the H4IIE cells. They could be recommended as potential nutraceuticals in the prevention of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study was performed to demonstrate the role of Doppler ultrasonography (DUSG) in the determination of carotid artery stenosis. Material and Method: This retrospective study was conducted by using the data of 145 patients. The findings of the DUSG and DSA were included. The degree of carotid artery stenosis in the DSA was calculated according to the criteria of the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Study (NASCET) and the European Carotid Surgery Study (ECST). The patients were divided into two main groups: with and without stenosis. Then, four stages were determined according to the degree of stenosis in the carotid artery. Consistency between the two tests was evaluated with Kappa test. Results: A total of 290 right and left carotid arteries were examined. In our study, the sensitivity of Doppler USG in detecting carotid artery stenosis was generally high (77.5%). However, the specificity was found to be relatively low (70.4%). There was a low consistency between DUSG and DSA for detection of the 50%-70% stenosis. However, in the >70% stenosis, the specificity of DUSG increased (87.5%-97.7%), while a decrease was observed in the sensitivity (%66.7). According to the Kappa test, it was noted that there was a moderate to high consistency between the two tests, especially in detecting >70% stenosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, DUSG can be considered a reliable method in carotid artery stenosis over 70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 53-year-old man with sudden development of nausea, vomiting and general weakness who was taken to the emergency room. The patient had a history of gastric ulcer and bradycardia and hypotension. The article discusses the use of plant rhododendron ponticum an alternative therapy for the treatment of gastric ulcer.

• Sixteen novel naproxen urea compounds derivatives were designed and synthesized. • The effects on tyrosinase were evaluated and kinetic parameters were determined • Their effects on cell cytotoxicity and cell migration were evaluated. • 3o was found to be the best potential anti-melanoma agent. • Molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations. Novel sixteen naproxen urea compounds were synthesized bearing the thiadiazole ring. Their inhibitory activities against tyrosinase were investigated. 3o was discovered to be the most potent inhibitor of tyrosinase, with an IC 50 value of 35.0 µM. The kinetic parameters were used to determine the type of enzyme inhibition. The results showed that 3o was an uncompetitive inhibitor with the K i value of 62.2 µM. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds on melanoma (B16F10), mouse embryonic (3T3) and the healthy 3T3 cell lines were also investigated. According to the cytotoxicity results, 3e (IC 50 = 2.17 µM) showed the highest cytotoxicity on the B16F10 cells. Furthermore, the effects of selected compounds on the migration rate of melanoma cells were investigated. In addition, molecular modeling studies were also performed and the results showed the possible interactions between the uncompetitive inhibitor 3o with the Tyrosinase-L-Tyrosine enzyme substrate complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Budd–Chiari syndrome is a rare clinical syndrome which is characterized by the occlusion of the major hepatic veins or the inferior vena cava at the suprahepatic level. Metastatic cardiac tumors (MCT) are much more common than the primary cardiac tumors. Although MCT are frequently clinically silent, rarely pericardial tamponade or effusion may be the first clinical sign of MCT. Budd–Chiari syndrome rarely developed secondary to MCT. We report an unusual case of Budd–Chiari syndrome which was associated with metastatic right atrial adenocarcinoma with unknown origin in a 60-year-old woman. This combination in Budd–Chiari syndrome has been never published before. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: Nutritional status assessment, dysphagia evaluation and enteral feeding decision are important determinants of prognosis in acute neurovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: NöroTek is a point prevalence study conducted with the participation of 87 hospitals spread across all health sub regions of Turkey conducted on 10-May-2018 (World Stroke Awareness Day). A total of 972 hospitalized neurovascular patients [female: 53%, age: 69±14; acute ischemic stroke in 845; intracerebral hematoma (ICH) in 119 and post-resuscitation encephalopathy (PRE) in 8] with complete data were included in this sub-study. Results: Gastrostomy was inserted in 10.7% of the patients with ischemic stroke, 10.1% of the patients with ICH and in 50% of the patients with PRE. Independent predictors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) administration were The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission [exp (β): 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.14, per point] in ischemic stroke; and mechanical ventilation in ischemic [exp (β): 6.18 (95% CI: 3.16-12.09)] and hemorrhagic strokes [exp (β): 26.48 (95% CI: 1.36-515.8)]. PEG was found to be a significant negative indicator of favorable (modified Rankin's scale score 0-2) functional outcome [exp (β): 0.032 (95% CI: 0.004-0.251)] but not of in-hospital mortality [exp (β): 1.731 (95% CI: 0.785-3.829)]. Nutritional and swallowing assessments were performed in approximately two-thirds of patients. Of the nutritional assessments 69% and 76% of dysphagia assessments were completed within the first 2 days. Tube feeding was performed in 39% of the patients. In 83.5% of them, tube was inserted in the first 2 days; 28% of the patients with feeding tube had PEG later. Conclusion: The NöroTek study provided the first reliable and large-scale data on key quality metrics of nutrition practice in acute stroke in Turkey. In terms of being economical and accurate it makes sense to use the point prevalence method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis (CVST) may lead to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure; besides, ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions may develop. Intracerebral hemorrhages occur in approximately one-third of CVST patients. We assessed and compared the findings of the cerebral hemorrhage (CH) group and the CVST group. Materials and Methods: In the VENOST study, medical records of 1,193 patients with CVST, aged over 18 years, were obtained from 35 national stroke centers. Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, signs at the admission, radiological findings, etiologic factors, acute and maintenance treatment, and outcome results were reported. The number of involved sinuses or veins, localizations of thrombus, and lesions on CT and MRI scans were recorded. Results: CH was detected in the brain imaging of 241 (21.1%) patients, as hemorrhagic infarction in 198 patients and intracerebral hemorrhage in 43 patients. Gynecologic causes comprised the largest percentage (41.7%) of etiology and risk factors in the CVST group. In the CH group, headache associated with other neurological symptoms was more frequent. These neurological symptoms were epileptic seizures (46.9%), nausea and/or vomiting (36.5%), altered consciousness (36.5%), and focal neurological deficits (33.6%). mRS was ≥3 in 23.1% of the patients in the CH group. Discussion and Conclusion: CVST, an important cause of stroke in the young, should be monitored closely if the patients have additional symptoms of headache, multiple sinus involvement, and CH. Older age and parenchymal lesion, either hemorrhagic infarction or intracerebral hemorrhage, imply poor outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A woman aged 33 years presented with progressive bilateral foot drop, which had begun three months ago previously. Her medical history revealed that she had undergone bariatric surgery seven months ago and had lost 65 kgs in six months (from 147 kgs to 82 kgs). Bilateral peroneal neuropathy was determined at the fibular head on her electromyography study. The case highlights the importance of an awareness of peroneal neuropathy after massive weight loss. Diet modification and physical therapy should be considered for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although the most commonly used scale is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in neurological intensive care units (NICU), it has some shortcomings. Many attempts have been made to design new scales that could provide further neurological detail in coma. The FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness) is a new coma scale. The aim of this study is the validation of the Turkish version of the FOUR score and comparison of it with the GCS. Patients and Methods: A total of consecutive 124 patients (65 males, 59 females; mean age 68.4±14.7 years; range 26 to 96 years) who were admitted to the seven NICUs between 2006-2007 were enrolled in the study. Each patient was rated on both scales by two different neurologists within one hour after each other without knowledge of the other's scores. Morbidity was assessed at hospital discharge using the modified Rankin Scale. Results: The inter-rater reliability was excellent for both FOUR score (K=0.68; %95 CI, 0.59-077) and GCS (K=0.69; %95 CI, 0.60-0.77). Outcome prediction of the FOUR score was as effective as GCS. Conclusion: The FOUR score has major advantages and provide important details of the neurologic examination such as brainstem reflexes and eye movements. We believe our results suggest that the FOUR score could be used instead of GCS in the NICUs in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To define alterations in the blood flow velocities of the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), posterior ciliary artery (PCA) in essential hypertension and to evaluate the effect of a new antihypertensive drug, candesartan which is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on the blood flow velocity in hypertensive patients. Methods: Blood flow velocity and resistive index (RI) of the OA, CRA, and PCA were measured in 22 hypertensive patients off medication and 15 controls by color Doppler imaging. After treatment with candesartan, blood flow velocity and RI were again measured in the hypertensive patients. Results: In controls (n=15), the OA had a mean peak systolic flow velocity (PSFV) of 48.1±2.6 cm/s, mean end diastolic flow velocity (EDFV) of 16±1.0 cm/s, and RI of 0.65±0.01; the CRA had a PSFV of 20.8±0.4 cm/s, EDFV of 9.4±0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.54±0.01; the PCA had a PSFV of 23.6±0.7 cm/s, EDFV of 11.2±0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.52±0.01. There was a significant decrease in the PSFV and EDFV of the vessels in the medication free hypertensive patients when compared with controls (P<0.05). In the hypertensive patients off medication (n=22), the OA had a PSFV of 29.4±1.2 cm/s, EDFV of 10.4±0.5 cm/s, and RI of 0.71±0.01; the CRA had a PSFV of 15.1±0.6 cm/s, EDFV of 5.4±0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.65±0.02; the PCA had a PSFV of 17.2±0.6 cm/s, EDFV of 6.7±0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.61±0.01. RI measured in the OA, CRA, PCA were significantly increased in the hypertensive patients when compared with the controls (P<0.05). In hypertensive patients after medication (n=22), OA had a PSFV of 38.3±2.5 cm/s, EDFV of 12.3±0.7 cm/s, and RI of 0.68±0.01; CRA had a PSFV of 19.2±0.5 cm/s, EDFV of 7.8±0.3 cm/s, and RI of 0.59±0.01; PCA had a PSFV of 20.8±0.8 cm/s, EDFV of 9.2±0.4 cm/s, and RI of 0.56±0.01. There was a significant increase in the blood flow velocities of the OA, CRA, PCA (P<0.05) and significant decrease in the RI values in the treated hypertensive patients when compared with the controls (P<0.05). But blood flow velocities and RI values did not reach the control level. Conclusion: The increase in the RI values and the decrease in the blood flow velocity of extraocular vessels in the hypertensive patients are thought to be caused by increased peripheral resistance in the vessels of the eye and orbit. Although, it increases blood flow velocity and decreases RI significantly, candesartan treatment in the hypertensive patients cannot increase blood flow velocity and decrease RI to the control level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a case study of a 20-year-old man with an episode of syncope followed by ventricular fibrillation (VF)-induced cardiac arrest. It discusses some unusual features found in Brugada syndrome (BS) patient including the occurrence of arrhythmia episode and the presence of J waves in the patient electrocardiogram (ECG). The authors conclude that J waves accompanied by an atrioventricular (AV) block may serve as an important sign in detection of high-risk individuals.