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To evaluate the effects of a 12-week injury prevention program on the isokinetic performance of knee extensor and flexor muscles and postural control in young indoor soccer athletes. Twelve athletes (23.14 ± 4.37 years) were included and assessed before and after the intervention. Muscle strength was assessed using the isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System Pro 4), and postural control was assessed using posturography dynamics (EquiTest® System) and sensory organization tests (TOS). This parameter was divided into six conditions that analyzed systems responsible for maintaining balance (visual, vestibular, and somatosensory). The isokinetic performance improved after the intervention, especially in peak torque and thallus flexors power, as well as postural control (TOS) in conditions III and VI. Thus, the improvement observed in these parameters after intervention may reduce the risk of lesions in indoor soccer athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of different methods of partialization, in terms of different body component indices in relation to indicators of strength and explosiveness. The research involved 187 subjects who were divided into two groups based on sex. This research consisted of measuring body composition characteristics by multichannel bioimpedance analysis (BIA) InBody 720, as well as contractile characteristics of different muscle groups with tenziometric Dinamometry method. Based on the results of the factor analysis we found that regardless of the sex the most sensitive variable for partialization of absolute body isometric strength variable (ABiS) is partialization by allometric scaling (0.964 for females and 0.947 for males explained factor variance). However, in the case of absolute body isometric explosiveness (ABiE), the results of this study have demonstrated that partialization relative to skeletal muscle mass according to the body longitudinality – skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI) is the methodological choice disregarding the sex (0.982 for females and 0.980 for males explained factor variance). The results of the study have shown that for the purpose of scaling the maximal strength relative to body composition, the allometric method can be considered as a choice, while for the partialization of maximal isometric explosiveness skeletal muscle mass index is the best choice insensitive of the sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: in rugby, some muscle characteristics visible with ultrasound have been related to the risk of injury to the long head of the biceps femoris. However, scientific evidence is scarce. Objective: to evaluate the changes in the morphofunctional ultrasound characteristics of the long head of the biceps femoris in rugby players of a professional rugby team at the end of the season. Material and method: a prospective analytical observational study was carried out at the University of Alcalá, with 19 players belonging to the Rugby Division Honor B team. Three ultrasound measurements were taken, measuring muscle thickness, perimeter, cross-sectional area and penile angle using the free software Fiji/Image, contraction and relaxation speed with M-mode, and the strength of the quadriceps and hamstring with a dynamometer. Results: significant differences were evidenced in quadriceps and hamstring strength and relaxation speed, with large and medium and significant effect sizes. When comparing backs and forwards, a significant effect was found on quadriceps strength of both the playing position factor and the training factor. In hamstring strength there was only a significant effect of the training factor. Conclusions: the results obtained in this study reveal, on the one hand, the existence of statistically significant differences in the variables of muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings and relaxation speed, as well as in the muscle strength of the quadriceps when comparing backs and forwards; and on the other hand, there could be a relationship between the variables of pennation angle and muscle strength with the reduction in the risk of injury, which could provide a boost towards new research in this field. Regarding inter- and intraobserver reliability, it was moderate to excellent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle mass and function. Spinal disorders are a risk factor for muscle deterioration. In turn, sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes in the postoperative period of spinal surgery. Objectives: to evaluate sarcopenia and the relationship of muscle strength with bioimpedance parameters in the preoperative consultation. Material and methods: cross-sectional observational study. Muscle strength (dynamometry) and body composition (bioimpedance spectroscopy) were measured as part of the functional assessment of nutritional status. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2019 (EGWSOP2) and dynapenia/myopenia in the case of low strength or isolated muscularity. The relationship between the dynamometry values and the bioimpedance variables was summarized with the Spearman's coefficient. Results: twenty-two patients were included. The median (IQR) age was 60 years (43-65) and 72 % were women. The most frequent diagnosis and surgical procedure was spondylolisthesis (45 %) and posterior fixation (50 %). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.3 (± 4.59) kg/m2. The presence of sarcopenia, dynapenia and myopenia was 18.2 %, 13.6 % and 22.7 %, respectively. Dynamometry was correlated with lean tissue index: 0.61 (p 0.002); body cell mass: 0.68 (p 0.000); appendicular skeletal muscle: 0.49 (p 0.021); phase angle: 0.46 (p 0.031); and resistance index 200/5 kHz: -0.47 (p 0.028). Conclusion: muscle strength is correlated with bioimpedance parameters. Sarcopenia, dynapenia and myopenia are frequent and objectifiable in the preoperative spinal surgery consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: physical fitness in children is closely related to health, physical activity, sports practice, and depends on multiple multisystem attributes. The evaluation of the physical condition is essential for the identification of the physical health situation and the tests that allow its evaluation classify the children according to international reference values that differ from the anthropometric, biological and sociocultural characteristics of the different nations and regions. Objective: build the first percentile charts of four tests that reflect components of physical condition in children from 6 to 10 years of age in the city of Barranquilla. Method: it is presented as a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in children aged 6 to 10 years. Anthropometric characteristics were evaluated, and 4 specific fitness tests were performed for muscular strength, agility, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Results: 1,432 (42.96%) girls and 1,901 (57.04%) boys were evaluated. The overall mean weight was 30.17 ± 8.24 kg and 1.3021 ± 0.10 m for height. Conclusions: the findings made it possible to consolidate the first percentile normative tables for the classification of the physical condition of children residing in the Colombian Caribbean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, sleep disorder, fatigue, other somatic symptoms. Clinical pilates method is therapeutic modality that can be used in improving the symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reformer pilates exercises in individuals with FM and to compare with home mat pilates. Twenty-eight women (age mean = 45.61 ± 10.31) diagnosed with FM were included in this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as reformer pilates group (n = 14) and home mat pilates group (n = 14). Reformer and home mat pilates exercises were given 2 times a week for 6 weeks. The number of painful regions with Pain Location Inventory (PLI), clinical status with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), lower extremity muscle strength with Chair Stand Test, functional mobility with The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), biopsychosocial status with Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) and quality of life with Short Form-36 (SF-36) were evaluated. All evaluations were assessed before and after treatment. There was a significant difference in FIQ and chair stand test in reformer pilates group, while in PLI, FIQ, BETY-BQ vs. SF-36 Physical Component in home group (p < 0.05) compared with baseline. There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of delta value (p > 0.05). Reformer pilates exercises had positive effects on clinical status and muscle strength while home mat pilates exercises had positive effects on the number of painful regions, clinical status, biopsychosocial status and physical component quality of life. Clinical trial registration number NCT04218630. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: low muscle mass (LMM) conditions the nutritional status of an individual and has implications for quality of life and prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition and determine normal values in the diagnosis of LMM in a control group of healthy individuals. Methods: a cross-sectional study of healthy volunteers aged 18 to 45 years with body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m2. A descriptive study was performed including demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and body composition variables (by bioimpedance, TANITA MC 780 MA; TANITA, Tokyo, Japan), stratified by age, sex and BMI. Values corresponding to -1/-2 standard deviations (SD) were determined to consider low muscle mass/function. Results: we included 67 patients, 71,60 % women, with a median age of 28.29 (IQR 4.05) years. Males presented higher weight, BMI, fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), appendicular lean mass (ALM), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), and dynamometry values when compared to females. The -1/-2 SD values of the various muscle parameters were determined according to sex. Conclusion: this study determined normal LMM values in healthy and young people, and the most commonly used indexes to express it, which will allow the diagnosis of LMM in disease-related situations using the corresponding -2 DS value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a frequent complication of cirrhosis and has been related to the progression of liver failure and increased complications, including mortality. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with muscle mass and strength in cirrhotic patients. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study. All adults who attended outpatient hepatology assessment with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were included. They underwent a nutritional examination that included anthropometric measurements, bioimpedanciometry, grip strength, and the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) screening scale. A linear or logistic regression analysis was performed as appropriate. Results: 40 patients were included. The frequency of malnutrition was 17.5%, according to grip strength. The main determinants of muscle mass in the multivariate linear analysis were age, total body protein value, and total body water. Grip strength was also a significant predictor in univariate linear regression. Variables related to decreased muscle strength were the Child-Pugh score, history of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, consumption of ammonium-lowering therapies, RFH-NPT score, and fat-free mass. Conclusions: The skeletal muscle mass of the cirrhotic patient was associated with age, changes in body composition, and grip strength. The muscle strength determinants were the disease's stage, the consumption of ammonium-lowering therapies, and the score on the RFH-NPT scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of mortality. Nowadays, exercise is shown as an effective treatment to decrease the effects of heart failure. Objective: To determine the changes in dyspnea and fatigue associated with heart failure after an upper or lower limbs strength training program. Method: Three-years randomized clinical trial (Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03913780), with a sample of 920 patients with heart failure distributed in three groups (aerobic exercise alone [control group], aerobic exercise plus strength for upper limbs [experimental group 1], aerobic exercise plus strength for lower limbs [experimental group 2]). Exercise stress and 6-minute walk tests were performed and the following variables were assessed: anthropometry, depression, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters. Assessments were performed at the beginning of the study and after 24 training sessions of 60-minutes, three times a week. Results: When comparing the results among groups, a significant superiority was found in the experimental group 2 (p<0.05%). It is highlighted that, both in the control (CG) and the experimental groups (EG), fatigue levels decreased (CG: 8.0±1.7 vs. 4.0± 2.3; EG1: 8.0±1.7 vs. 5.0± 2.3 and EG2: 9.0±1.1 vs. 3.0±2.6) and of dyspnea (CG: 9.0±2.4 vs. 7± 1.0; EG1: 9.0±2.4 vs. 7.0± 1.6: EG2: 8.0±3.8 vs. 4.3±2.3) after the training program. Conclusions: Strength training proved inescapably that it is an effective and safe treatment to reduce the levels of dyspnea and fatigue associated with heart failure. In addition, it significantly improved ejection fraction, anthropometric variables, depression, anxiety, oxygen consumption, heart rate and several cardiovascular risk factors compared to the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Creatinine monohydrate has been extensively studied in sports performance. Other molecules that promise superior results have recently been explored, such as creatine hydrochloride, which promises to have better solubility and similar benefits in sports performance and body composition. Objective: To present the differences between creatinine monohydrate and creatine hydrochloride in terms of solubility, sports performance, and body composition. Materials and Methods: Review of scientific articles on humans and animals, published between 2009 and 2020. Results: In relation to solubility and chemical properties, creatine hydrochloride has higher molecular weight, solubility, absorption, and bioavailability; and lower pH, adverse effects, and dose to achieve ergogenic effects than creatine monohydrate. Regarding sports performance and body composition, both molecules presented improvements in performance and maximum strength. Not all studies showed a decrease in fat mass for creatine hydrochloride, which presented less intramuscular water retention. Conclusion: There is a trend in favor of creatine hydrochloride regarding solubility and body composition. Sufficient evidence was not found to conclude that its effects on sports performance, specifically in terms of strength, are superior to those of creatinine monohydrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

to correlate the quadriceps muscle strength and the manual grip strength with the presence of falls suffered in the last year by institutionalized elderly. Material and method: a cross-sectional study was carried out and 20 institutionalized elderly were included. Sociodemographic data and number of falls during the last year were recorded. Quadriceps muscle strength and hand grip strength were assessed using dynamometry. Study participants were divided into groups of low (quadriceps strength < 10 kg; grip strength < 15 kg), moderate (qua)driceps strength 10-15 kg), or high (quadriceps strength > 15 kg, grip strength > 15 kg) muscle strength. Results: occurrence of falls was greater by an odds ratio (OR) = 4.00 (95 % CI 0.21-75.66) in the participants who presented a quadriceps muscle strength of 10-15 kg, and by an OR = 7.00 (95 % CI 0.57-86.32) in those who presented a force < 10 kg, compared to the group with a quadriceps muscle strength > 15 kg. In the participants who presented a grip strength < 15 kg, occurrence of falls was grater by OR = 5.44 (95 % CI 0.80-36.87). Male gender, higher body mass index, osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency were factors related to more fall events in participants with lower qua)driceps muscle strength. Older age, hypertension and diabetes were factors related to more fall events in participants with lower hand grip strength. Conclusions: a greater presence of falls is observed in institutionalized elderly with low quadriceps muscle strength or low manual grip strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of prehensile manual strength is considered a tool for assessing physical performance and is a predictor of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this research was to establish the relationship between Prehensile Manual Strength (PMF), sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) in a cardiac rehabilitation program in a fourth level clinic in the city of Cali, Colombia. Material and method: descriptive cross-sectional study which included 33 patients with CHF selected at convenience, aged between 40 and 90 years. The assessment of prehensile manual strength was evaluated by dynamometry and its result was correlated with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) levels in all patients. Results: there was a positive correlation between non-dominant hand dynamometry and LVEF (p = 0.015) as well as with weight (p ≤ 0.001), height (p = 0.005) and BMI (p = 0.0were mostly male (72.3 %) with age 64.9 ± 10.5, LVEF 43.2 ± 14.3 and MPF values of 32.4 kg ± 12.5 in the dominant hand and a median of 33.9 kg (RIQ: 25.7-36.1) in the non-dominant hand. Conclusions: the results of this study seem to indicate that there is a correlation between the PMF and the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables in the patients with CHF investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To review the prediction equations for respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents and identify the independent variables with greater predictive power for respiratory muscle strength. Methods: This is a systematic review that was carried out using the databases: PEDro, MedLine / PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS / BVS Library, SciELO and Google Scholar. There were included articles with children and adolescents, published between 2009 and 2019, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, whose assessment method used manovacuometry and predictive equations were proposed. Studies that were not available in full, duplicated or with low methodological quality (PEDro scale <5.0 points) were excluded. Results: Four articles were selected, which addressed the evaluation of the respiratory muscle strength, its comparison between the sexes and the determination of predictive equations. Conclusion: The equations established by Lanza et al. and Verma et al. are possible alternatives for determining respiratory muscle strength in children and adolescents; the variables, age and sex were the ones that best explained the respiratory muscle strength values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out the benefits of a multimodal exercise program for muscle function improvement in older adults from the Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú in 2018. Materials and methods: An interventional, analytical, prospective and longitudinal study. A total of 66 patients were assessed, out of whom only 24 completed the six-month intervention period. Results: The patients' median age was 75 ± 7.01. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), which combines the results of the balance, gait speed and chair stand tests, had a positive impact on the intervention group and showed statistically significant results. No statistical significance was found in grip strength in kilograms or calf circumference measurement. Conclusions: The multimodal exercise program for older adults from the Peruvian Air Force has a positive impact on muscle function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Background: since the discovery of the vitamin D receptor in muscle cells, relatively few studies conducted in adolescents have reported with conflicting results the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and muscle strength. Methods: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during the period 2011-2014 was analyzed to examine the association between vitamin D status and the combined maximum grip strength, as a proxy for overall muscle strength in participants aged 10 to 19 years. According to the American Endocrine Society guidelines, subjects with 25(OH)D levels < 20 ng/mL, 20 to 30 ng/mL, and > 30 ng/mL were defined as having deficient, insufficient, and sufficient vitamin D, respectively. General linear models were assembled to examine this association. Results: of 2,528 participants with a mean age of 14.5 years, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency was 25.6 % and 25.9 %, respectively. As expected, maximum grip strength increased with age and was stronger in boys than that in girls. Notably, after adjusting for potential confounders, boys and girls with vitamin D sufficiency were on average 2.9 kg and 2.1 kg stronger than their counterparts with vitamin D deficiency, respectively. Moreover, boys defined as having severe vitamin D deficiency (< 12 ng/mL) were 4.1 kg weaker than those who did not. Conclusion: in adolescents, vitamin D sufficiency was significantly associated with stronger combined maximum grip strength. The present findings should be further investigated to determine if maintaining optimal 25(OH)D concentrations might result in greater muscle strength in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with pulmonary hypertension present limited tolerance to exercise and aerobic capacity; which is reflected in the reduction in peak oxygen consumption and their functional performance. This intolerance to exercise has traditionally been attributed to cardiac and respiratory dysfunction. However, as it happens in other chronic diseases, lower-limb and respiratory muscle alterations are also involved in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Increasing evidence suggests that physical exercise training is an efficient and safe strategy. The recommendation for light and moderate-intensity exercise is made within the framework of pulmonary rehabilitation, and its benefits have been previously described. In diseases such as COPD, lower-limb muscle function, exercise tolerance and quality of life improve following exercise training. And just as with COPD, it is necessary to promote evidence-based interventions with pulmonary hypertension. This narrative review focuses on the evaluation, safety and efficacy of training the respiratory muscles and the muscles of upper and lower extremities in patients with pulmonary hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between nutritional status and physical condition in Colombian preschoolers is not well documented. Objective: To identify the differences in the physical condition of Colombian preschoolers of 5 years old according to the nutritional status. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study in 43 boys and 34 girls of 5 years old from Cúcuta, Colombia. The nutritional status was assessed with the Body Mass Index for age, and to evaluate the physical condition the PreFit battery was applied. Results: The proportion of thinness was 27.9% in boys and 20.6% in girls; obesity was not found in the total group. With the exception of VO2max rated as good, the other tests were classified as bad or very bad in both sexes, and in groups with low weight and without low weight. No significant differences were found in the physical condition according to the nutritional status of the boys, and between the girls, with low weight and without low weight, only a significant difference (p=0.036) was obtained in the prehensile strength of the right hand. Conclusion: In the preschools studied, the proportion of thinness is well above the national prevalence and there are no differences in physical condition according to the nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Disease-related malnutrition represents an imbalance between the intake and the requirements of energy and nutrients. It produces a series of metabolic and functional changes in the body. There are multiple limitations in the classic parameters for nutrition assessment including body mass index, weight loss, food intake, or standard laboratory parameters such as albumin or lymphocytes. We can establish some points of interest in this new approach to nutrition focused on the assessment of nutritional status by evaluating changes in composition and function using parameters such as PhA and other electrical measurements of bioimpedance, dynamometry, functional tests, muscle ultrasound, or laboratory parameters such as CRP/prealbumin. Each of these parameters has a number of uses and limitations that should be understood when evaluating its ability to diagnose malnutrition as related to disease, its concordance with other tests, and its prognostic value. Emerging nutritional parameters for future use should be sensitive, specific, and interrelated to allow a better understanding of each patient's status at different time points during their disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proper physical condition is essential for performance and survival in military operations. This cross-sectional study evaluates the physical conditioning of military trainees in three Colombian National Army schools, measuring and comparing the morphological and physiological variables in 120 students (40 per school). The differences were established using the Léger test for VO2 consumption, the sit and reach test for flexibility, hand dynamometry for prehensile strength, and body mass index. Jumping platforms were used to measure in-flight time. Although the Army training plan is standard, differences in conditioning, benefiting the professional soldier schools, respond to their intensity, duration, and frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The appropriate dosage of resistance training could promote physical and physiological adaptations and decrease injuries. The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the different intra-set rest after eight weeks of resistance training on morphological variables, maximal strength, and jump performance in physically active university students. Twenty-five students (15 men and 10 women) were randomized by sex and distributed in Control Group (CG) (n=8) with rest only at the end of the series; Experimental Group 1 (EG1) (n=9) with an intra-set rest of 30 s, and Experimental Group 2 (EG2) (n=8) with four intra-set rest of 10 s. Morphological variables [body weight, bipedal height, body mass index (BMI), fat mass and muscle mass], maximum upper body strength (bench press and military press), lower body strength [parallel squat (45°) and deadlift], as well as countermovement jump (CMJ) were measured. All three groups obtained a significant increase (p<0.01) in body weight and BMI, as well as an essential reduction (p<0.01) of fat mass. Muscle mass increased significantly (p<0.01) for both CG and EG1. Maximum upper- and lower-body strength increased considerably (p<0.05) across all three groups and for all exercises, while the CMJ notably increased for CG and EG1. There are no significant changes between the different intra-set rest, when using the same volume, intensity, and total recovery time during the exercise series (p>0.05); thereby, there is an equivalent increase in muscle mass, maximal strength, jump performance, and a fat mass reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: the goal of the study was to identify the relationship between horizontal and vertical jumping tests with the incidence of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in soccer players of a professional league club in Colombia. Materials and methods: an analytical, prospective study was carried out on 30 players from the professional roster of Club Deportivo Atlético Junior F.C. At the beginning of the season the anthropometric characteristics and body composition were evaluated, as well as jumping and functional asymmetries of the lower extremities through vertical (CMJ and CMJs) and horizontal (3-Hop-Test) jumping tests. The analysis consisted in comparing the records of the variables studied between the players with (injured n=11) and without injury (not-injured n=19) during the first semester of the 2019 season. Results: no statistical differences were found between the groups in the biological, anthropometric and body composition characteristics (p> 0.05). Derived from the vertical jumping findings, no significant differences were observed in the asymmetries between groups (p> 0.05), however, significant asymmetries were found in the horizontal jumping tests between injured and uninjured players (p <0.01). Conclusion: from this study we can conclude that unlike uninjured professional soccer players, there were significantly greater functional asymmetries identified through the horizontal jumping test in athletes with injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: chronic kidney disease contributes to decreased muscle strength and physical function through a decrease in muscle mass. Current evidence suggests that hemodialysis can accentuate this complication, as well as lead to deterioration of the patient's overall health. The aim of this study is to compare muscle strength in a group of Mexican patients undergoing hemodialysis, evaluated by dynamometry, with available reference values. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in male and female patients between 20 and 81 years of age, with stage-5 chronic kidney disease, from the outpatient Hospital General Regional No 46 of the Mexican Social Security Institute. Muscle strength was assessed by means of a mechanical dynamometer. The average value classified by age and gender was compared with the 50th percentile of a reference study. Inter-group differences were calculated with the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test, and correlation using Pearson's test, logistic regression, and chi-squared test. All patients signed an informed consent form. Results: a total of 150 patients, 97 (64.7 %) men and 53 (35.3 %) women, were included in the study. The mean dynamometric value for muscle strength was 21.5 ± 10.1 kg, and a significant correlation was found with age, weight, and hemoglobin concentration. Conclusion: patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment for chronic kidney disease were found to be at the 10th percentile for muscle strength, as measured by dynamometry, thus demonstrating a marked decrease in muscle strength. This result could, however, also have been affected by different variables such as patient age, height, weight, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hemoglobin concentration, serum creatinine, serum glucose, and the subjective global assessment, given that a significant association was also found between these and muscle strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The relationship between healthy physical condition and some basic skills for the independence of the senior citizen in the Municipality of La Plata, Argentina, from 2015 to 2018 is studied. Hypothesis: senior citizens who are in better physical condition have greater independence for basic activities of daily living. Methods: the Barthel test was applied to measure daily living skills on senior citizens. The maximum grip strength was measured with dynamometer, and the "walking speed" and "time up and go" tests were applied to assess physical condition. Correlation, coefficient of determination was calculated. Results: A total of 91 senior citizens, 25 men, 64 women with an average age of 74.81 ± 9.38, average weight 69.99 ± 19.09, and average height 155 ± 13.06 were evaluated. As age increased, the maximum strength decreased significantly (r-0.40, R2 0.16, p <0.05). Maximum strength is significantly greater in people who are independent than in those who have some degree of dependence (dependent Fmax 17,47kg ± 6,58 with IC 95% 14,1-20,85 vs independent 23,76 kg ± 6,3 P <0.05 with IC 95% 22.27-25.25). Conclusions: the maximum grip strength of the hand is related to the independence for activities of daily living. The component of muscular strength may be relevant in health and quality of life programs in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: muscle strength is an important indicator of neuromuscular function and a component of physical fitness essential for performance in different activities of daily life. Its alteration may cause functional limitations and affects the independence and the roles that a person develops. That is why the evaluation of muscle strength is necessary to determine the level of motor performance and identify risks associated with growth and development. Objective: to describe the state of art related to the use of muscle strength assessment scales in children between 3 and 8 years of age. Materials and Methods: a review of the literature was performed using the PICO strategy, with bibliographic search in the Ovid, Sage, Science Direct, Proquest and Clinical Key databases. Results: in the initial phase of the screening process, 69 eligible records were identified by title and abstract, of which 56 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Additionally, 3 books with relevant information were identified, which is why 16 references that are part of the qualitative synthesis of this study were taken into account. Conclusions: srategies and tests such as dynamometry, Functional Strength Measurement, Bruininks Oseretsky's Motor Skills Test, Fitness Testing Preschool Children and FUPRECOL are tools that allow evaluating muscle strength in childhood, and provide important elements in early identification of risk factors for the person's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition can be considered a mismatch between the intake and the requirements of energy and nutrients. It produces a series of metabolic and functional changes to the body. There are multiple limitations to the classic parameters of nutrition assessment, as body mass index, weight loss, intake or standard analytical parameters, such as albumin or lymphocytes. We can establish some points of interest in this new approach to nutrition focused on the assessment of the nutritional status of the patient by evaluating changes in composition and function with new parameters such the phase angle and other electrical measurements of bioimpedance, dynamometry, functional test, muscle ultrasound or new analytical parameters such as PCR/prealbumin. Each of these parameters has many utilities and limitations that are important to know when evaluating the results. Advanced nutritional parameters of the future must be sensitive and specific, interrelated, so as to allow a better understanding of the particular situation of each patient in different moments of their disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Weight loss and malnutrition are associated with a worse prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: The main objective of the OFOS study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a new nutritional oral formula in adults with COPD with weight loss or malnutrition. Methods: Prospective, single-centre, randomized, open-label and controlled trial conducted in Lima (Peru). A total of 99 outpatients of both sexes were included (control [GC]: 49; supplement [GS]: 50), aged from 18 to 80 years old, who had been diagnosed with COPD and that suffered from malnutrition or involuntary weight loss during the last months. Nutritional, functional and quality of life (QoL) variables were evaluated during a three-month intervention. Results: At three months, there was an increase of body mass index (BMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI) significantly higher in the GS: IMC 5.3% vs 2.9%, p < 0.001; FFMI 3.2% vs 1.9%, p = 0.019. The GS showed a reduction of cases with BMI < 21 kg/m² equivalent to 69% vs 33% in the GC (p = 0.004). Functional variables showed a favourable improvement trend in GS, being significant for the hand-grip test in the subgroup of patients with low FFMI (p = 0.001). All QoL studied variables significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Oral supplementation with a complete, polymeric and normocaloric new nutritional formula for three months was well tolerated and effective for the nutritional support of patients diagnosed with COPD with weight loss or malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to investigate the correlation between practicing Pilates and pelvic floor muscle strength. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with women that practiced the Pilates method for more than six months and sedentary women. Pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated through the functional scale of the International Continence Society, betwen August and September 2017, in a clinic specialized in Pilates practice in the municipality of Poá, São Paulo, Brazil. Results: among the 41 women who participated in the study, 12 were Pilates practitioners. The Pilates group was, on average, ten years younger. The degrees of muscle strength of the pelvic floor in the Pilates group were higher than those in the control group (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: despite the small sample size and the age bias of the samples, it is possible that Pilates is in favor of a better pelvic floor function in women. One out of ten women is unable to contract the pelvic floor under verbal command, being part of a risk group for local dysfunctions in physical activities in general, which requires specific pelvic exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Hand grip strength is a fundamental parameter to be assessed and to get to know muscle strength. However, at the national level, few studies determine the strength of the upper limbs. Objective. Assess hand grip strength in apparently healthy subjects of the city of Cúcuta, Colombia. Methodology. Cross-sectional observational study with intentional non-probabilistic sampling, and the voluntary participation of 162 men and 228 women. All of the hand grip strength results were categorized by sex, decade, dominant hand and non-dominant hand. For the statistical analysis, the IBM SPSS Statistics V.22 software was used with a confidence level of 95% and a p-value of 0.05, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests and analysis of variance were conducted. Results. It was demonstrated that men in the age range of 20 to 29 years had the highest peak of strength. However, after that, as age increased, hand grip strength decreased. In women, it increased gradually up to the age range of 30 to 39 years. In the analysis of variance (p >0.05), it was demonstrated that there is no significant difference between the hand grip strength of the dominant hand and the non-dominant had at any of the ten-year age intervals for men and women. Conclusions. Hand grip strength increased up to the age range of 30 to 39 years in both sexes. In addition, there are no significant differences between the hand grip strength of the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand by ten-year age interval. [Bustos- Viviescas BL, Acevedo-Mindiola AA, Lozano-Zapata RE. Hand Grip Strength Values in Apparently Healthy Subjects of the City of Cúcuta, Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to generate muscle strength in the lower limbs (LLLS) is one of the most important predictors of functional status in the elderly and is directly related to falls and fractures. The vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) is a fundamental motor skill in the accomplishment of many activities, since it demands a coordinated performance of the body with muscular recruitment. We searched the databases: PubMed, Bireme, SciELo and PEDro. The keywords were selected according to the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) to address the use of CMJ in the elderly. From 39 studies found, 11 were selected and evaluated by the PEDro scale and presented good methodological quality. The vertical countermovement jump proved to be useful in the evaluation of strength and power in the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: the increase on prevalence of obesity has been linked to a higher number of bariatric surgeries, being sleeve gastrectomy (SG) the most frequent bariatric procedures in the world. However, there are few studies that determine the impact of SG on health's determinants such as physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA). Objectives: to describe the changes in PF and PA of patients after SG. Methods: twenty-three women with obesity (mean 36.1 ± 11.1 years old and body mass index [BMI] of 35.1 ± 3.4 kg/m2) were evaluated preoperatively to SG and at one and three months after surgery. An assessment of PF was conducted, including handgrip (HGS) and quadriceps muscle strength (QMS) with dynamometers and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with an ergospirometer. PA was assessed with a three-axis accelerometer. Results: the absolute VO2 peak decreased after the first and third month (p < 0.001) post SG. The VO2 peak relative to body weight showed an increase from baseline after the SG (p = 0.002). After SG, there was a reduction in absolute values for HGS and QMS (p < 0.001) and an increase in relative HGS after three months post-surgery compared to preoperative (p = 0.011), without changes in relative QMS (p = 0.596). No changes in PA were observed. Conclusions: after SG, there is a short term decline on PF when it is expressed on absolute values. However, when it is expressed in relative terms to body weight, some components of PF improve, while others showed no change. There was no modification in PA levels of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altitude training and training in simulated hypoxia produce different physiological and biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle. This are: oxidative capacity, modifications of mitochondrial activity, changes in aerobic metabolism and myoglobin content. The purpose of this review is to analyze the adaptations of skeletal muscle in response to the exposure to hypoxia combined with strength resistance exercise. As have been communicated, in general, structural adaptations of muscle are similar in hypoxia and normoxia except that hypoxia training produce an increase in muscle volume and crosssectional area of muscle fiber. In conclusion, the synergic effect of combined strength resistance training with normobaric hypoxia produces better and greater adaptations, gains and beneficial physiological changes of muscle tissue, which shows favorable phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a series of morphological, functional and psychological changes that cause the time on living beings, one of the physiological aspects that major change suffers the older patient is body mass variation. Among the various clinical syndrome related to body composition, sarcopenia is characterized by the gradual and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, whose description goes back to approximately the 70's. The pathological mechanisms involved emphasize the degree of exercise, nutritional status, hormonal changes, increase in age-related cytokines that act on mechanisms such as oxidative stress, muscle protein turnover, loss of alpha motor neurons, apoptosis, among others; which will depend on the primary or secondary etiology of sarcopenia. For its diagnosis, 3 criteria have been used in a conventional manner that include mass, strength and muscular performance, whose measurement techniques vary according to the purpose for which they are used (research or clinical practice) and whose combination of criteria also varies according to the organization to be analyzed, this has led to important epidemiological variations worldwide. The therapeutic approach is based on improving the quality of life of the person through the combination of adequate nutrition, a regular exercise program and there is poor benefit evidence generated by protein nutritional supplements and drugs, currently in preliminary trials, as inhibitors of the angiotensinconverting enzyme, statins, vitamin D and hormonal agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: La vitamina D posee efectos beneficiosos que supuestamente contribuirían a mantener la función músculo- esquelética. Objetivo: Analizar en una población no seleccionada el efecto de los niveles de calcidiol sobre la función muscular en ambas manos, sobre actividades de la vida cotidiana y sobre los cambios en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO). Material y métodos: Se utilizó la cohorte del estudio EVOS que realizó, entre otros, medidas de fuerza muscular de agarre en ambas manos, preguntas relativas a la dificultad para realizar actividades cotidianas, estudio densitométrico en columna lumbar y cadera, y bioquímica para determinar los niveles de calcidiol. Resultados: Valores de calcidiol =20 ng/mL se asociaron con mayor fuerza muscular de agarre en ambas manos. Tras ajuste por edad, sexo, IMC y estacionalidad, niveles de calcidiol <20 ng/mL se asociaron independientemente con menor fuerza muscular de agarre solo en la mano izquierda (OR=2,35; IC 95%: 1,03-5,38). Del mismo modo, la incapacidad o tener dificultades para "coger un libro u objeto de una estantería alta" e "incorporarse de la cama" se asociaron significativamente con niveles de calcidiol <20 ng/mL. Niveles de calcidiol <20 ng/mL se asociaron con mayores pérdidas de DMO en cuello femoral y cadera total. Estas asociaciones se mantuvieron en el análisis multivariante. Conclusiones: Mantener niveles de calcidiol =20 ng/mL se asociaron con mayor fuerza muscular de agarre en las manos, mantenimiento de actividades cotidianas y menores pérdidas de DMO en cadera. Este estudio corrobora la utilidad de mantener niveles adecuados de vitamina D para mantener la función músculo-esquelética. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strength training, especially with high load intensity, allows increasing muscle strength and trophism, but it is also associated with exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). A new training modality, a combination of loading with the partial restriction blood flow (PRBF) around the muscle, being promising in the development of strength and muscular trophism. The aim of the study was to compare the maximum strength (MS) performance of quadriceps and hamstrings (MS-Q and MS-I) and muscle damage biomarkers (Creatine Kinase, CK) and systemic inflammation (high sensitivity - CRP, hs-CRP) between a low intensity load training with PRBF, versus one high and another low load intensity without PRBF in physically active youngsters during four weeks of training. Twenty-three participants measured MSQ and MS-I and the intervention term. In addition, before the start of the first session, before and after the end of the last session, CK and hsCRP were measured. In the three types of training the equivalent benefits in MS are produced, an exception of the MS-Q of low intensity training without PRBF. Only in the training with PRBF, the CK and hs- CPR are modified at the end of the intervention, and even though the myocellular stress seems to be higher than in the other types of training, it would not indicate muscle damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of liver transplantation in food intake and nutritional status of severe cirrhotic patients.Methods: The sample consisted of 23 patients who underwent liver transplantation. Three 24-hour dietary recall were applied and anthropometric measurements were collected before and three months after transplantation. The consumption of macronutrients and fat soluble vitamins were also evaluated. The anthropometric data evaluated were body mass index, abdominal circumference, percentage of adequacy of arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness and arm muscle circumference. Related mean comparison tests, comparison of changes in the proportions of categorical variables and correlation of quantitative variables were used in the statistical analysis. Data were considered to be significant when p < 0.05.Results: Most patients were female and aged between 40 and 65 years. The average consumption of calories, proteins, lipids, cholesterol and monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher after liver transplantation (p < 0.05). The average of anthropometric parameters did not differ significantly between the evaluated times. There was no significant change in nutrient intake or anthropometric classification after transplantation. Most patients were classified as malnourished or overweight after transplantation, according to some anthropometric parameters.Conclusion: Food consumption changed after transplantation. There was no change in the nutritional status from pre- to post-transplant but, in general, most patients had altered nutritional status in both evaluation moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer presents a progressive incidence while the mortality is decreasing, and the survivors present sequels like reduced mobility and strength or pain in the shoulder. The exercise of strength has been used in recent years. But little is known about the effects of detraining on muscle strength and the possible differential effects on the response to training and detraining between the operated and non- operated side. Thirty-one breast cancer survivors, 56.9 ± 9.7 years, 5.7 ± 4.7 years after surgical treatment, and 74% with lymphadenectomy participated. They performed 24 sessions in 12 weeks of training. In each session groups performed 3 sets x 12-10-12 repetitions, with a load of 40 to 65% of 1RM. The maximum force was evaluated before and after 12 weeks of training and after 12 weeks of detraining. A percentage gain of the maximum force was obtained in the bilateral contractor of 23.8 ± 17.7; in the left contractor of 56.3 ± 28.8 and in the right of 45.4 ± 17.5. The detrainig produced a decrease in the bilateral contractor of 0.9 ± 19.1; in the left contractor of 1.6 ± and in the right of 3.9 ± 17.9. There was no difference between the arm gain on the operated side and the non-operated arm. The training produces significant improvements in maximum strength and these are maintained with little loss during detraining. The gain is similar in both the extremity of the affected side and that of the unaffected side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: determine the acute effect of performing resistance exercise on serum concentrations of Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-Tranferase in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: two groups of postmenopausal women were randomized (n=10). The experimental group performed a resisted exercise session (8 exercises, 3 sets to 15 repetitions) and the control group performed a stretching exercises session. Anthropometrics characteristics, functional and lipid profile were initially evaluated in both groups. In the experimental protocol, blood concentrations of HDL and Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-Tranferase were measured in fasted state, before, immediately and 12 hours after exercise. The participants were nutritionally controlled before and during the study. Results: there were no significant differences in anthropometrics variables, nutritionals, and lipid profile previous to the experimental protocol (P>0.05). No statistically significant differences were found on blood levels of HDL and Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-Tranferase between control and experimental group throughout the evaluation (P>0.05). Conclusion: resistance exercise don’t affected acutely, serum concentrations of Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-Tranferase in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Weight loss and malnutrition are associated with a worse prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Objective: The main objective of the OFOS study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a new nutritional oral formula in adults with COPD with weight loss or malnutrition.Methods: Prospective, single-centre, randomized, open-label and controlled trial conducted in Lima (Peru). A total of 99 outpatients of both sexes were included (control [GC]: 49; supplement [GS]: 50), aged from 18 to 80 years old, who had been diagnosed with COPD and that suffered from malnutrition or involuntary weight loss during the last months. Nutritional, functional and quality of life (QoL) variables were evaluated during a three-month intervention.Results: At three months, there was an increase of body mass index (BMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI) significantly higher in the GS: IMC 5.3% vs 2.9%, p < 0.001; FFMI 3.2% vs 1.9%, p = 0.019. The GS showed a reduction of cases with BMI < 21 kg/m2 equivalent to 69% vs33% in the GC (p = 0.004). Functional variables showed a favourable improvement trend in GS, being significant for the hand-grip test in the subgroup of patients with low FFMI (p = 0.001). All QoL studied variables significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Oral supplementation with a complete, polymeric and normocaloric new nutritional formula for three months was well tolerated and effective for the nutritional support of patients diagnosed with COPD with weight loss or malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to statements by the World Health Organization, regular physical activity is a very important factor in the prevention of chronic diseases, currently on the increase. 60% of the world population does not reach the minimum of Time (30 min/day) of moderate physical activity. Objective: To describe some variations in the physical conditioning of a group of students of the medical program of the Universidad del Valle of Cali Colombia, when participating in a short program of physical activity. Methodology: A descriptive and prospective observational study, carried out in each of two groups of students of the health faculty, who participated during a month in a program of physical activity (with cardiovascular and strength component) and were determined the change of variables Anthropometric and physical conditioning. Results: In group one of 24 students and group two of 30 students, the average age was 21 and 21.8 years. In the same order, they did not report exercise attendance by 86% and 93%, nor did they perform moderate physical activity in one week, 58% and 70%. Of the group two 73% is seated between 7-19 hours. However, 100% of students state the need to implement different physical activity programs in the faculty they could attend. The changes obtained when participating in the physical activity program were, in the first group: IMC 0.185 kg/m2; Heartrate (HR): -1.69 lat/min; Systolic blood pressure (SBP): -15.5 mmHg; Diastolic blood pressure (DBP): -2.15 mm Hg; VO2max: 10.1 ml; Force-time: 0,35 sec; Push-ups/min: 2.08; 1.81 flexibility. The changes in the second group were: BMI -0.005 kg/m2; Abdominal perimeter: 0.785 cms; HR: 0.1 lat/min; SBP: - 4.9 mmHg; DBP: -1.65 mmHg; VO2max: 1.3 ml; Force-time: 0.15 sec; Push-ups/min: 9.5; 3.55 flexibility. Conclusions: The physical activity program produced beneficial changes despite the short participation time, it is worth implementing several physical activity programs given the high percentage of sedentarism in both groups and taking advantage of the students' good availability for their attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to statements by the World Health Organization, regular physical activity is a very important factor in the prevention of chronic diseases, currently on the increase. 60% of the world population does not reach the minimum of Time (30 min/day) of moderate physical activity. Objective: To describe some variations in the physical conditioning of a group of students of the medical program of the Universidad del Valle of Cali Colombia, when participating in a short program of physical activity. Methodology: A descriptive and prospective observational study, carried out in each of two groups of students of the health faculty, who participated during a month in a program of physical activity (with cardiovascular and strength component) and were determined the change of variables Anthropometric and physical conditioning. Results: In group one of 24 students and group two of 30 students, the average age was 21 and 21.8 years. In the same order, they did not report exercise attendance by 86% and 93%, nor did they perform moderate physical activity in one week, 58% and 70%. Of the group two 73% is seated between 7-19 hours. However, 100% of students state the need to implement different physical activity programs in the faculty they could attend. The changes obtained when participating in the physical activity program were, in the first group: IMC 0.185 kg/m2; Heartrate (HR): -1.69 lat/min; Systolic blood pressure (SBP): -15.5 mmHg; Diastolic blood pressure (DBP): -2.15 mm Hg; VO2max: 10.1 ml; Force-time: 0,35 sec; Push-ups/min: 2.08; 1.81 flexibility. The changes in the second group were: BMI -0.005 kg/m2; Abdominal perimeter: 0.785 cms; HR: 0.1 lat/min; SBP: - 4.9 mmHg; DBP: -1.65 mmHg; VO2max: 1.3 ml; Force-time: 0.15 sec; Push-ups/min: 9.5; 3.55 flexibility. Conclusions: The physical activity program produced beneficial changes despite the short participation time, it is worth implementing several physical activity programs given the high percentage of sedentarism in both groups and taking advantage of the student's good availability for their attendance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the association of muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition with physical self-concept in adolescents of different sex. A total of 1816 Spanish adolescents (aged 12-16) participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical Self-concept Questionnaire and ALPHA battery tests were administered to evaluate muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness, and body mass index was calculated from objective measurements. Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents of both genders with low muscular fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, and overweight had significantly higher odds ratios of showing a low physical self-concept. The results of the association between muscular fitness and physical self-concept were sensitive to gender and the evaluation test. Healthy fitness levels were associated with a positive physical self-concept in adolescents. Gender differences should be considered when seeking to enhance physical self-concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Physical limitations due to immobilism experimented by adult patients under mechanic ventilation (MV) in intensive care unit (ICU) is not usually measured systematically with functional scales. Objectives: To describe the evolution of functional capacity using the Perme Scale, as well as peripheral and respiratory muscle strength of patients under MV in the ICU of a university hospital. Methods: From august to december 2016, we observed all patients admitted in the ICU. Patients were included only when submitted to MV. The four different moments of hospitalization that assessments were done in the ICU: admission in the ICU (A1), the first day of MV (A2), weaning of MV (A3) and discharge of the ICU (A4). We evaluated functional capacity using Perme Scale and muscular strenght assessments using the medical research council scale, PImax and PEmax. We used the Katz Index at the time of admission to measure functional capacity before hospitalization. Results: We included 26 patients and 9 completed the four evaluations. The median of age, Katz Index and SAPS III was 63 years (58-70), 6 (5-6) and 64 (44.75 - 68.50), respectively. There was a progressive improvement in the MRC, PImax and PEmax values throughout the evaluations. On the Perme Scale there was an increase from 2 (1,5-7,25) in A1 to 10 (6,75-22) in A4. Conclusions: In these patients, the muscle strength and functional capacity increased during de hospitalization in the ICU. The Perme Scale was not applicable for all moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of study was to identify the presence of strength asymmetries (SA) in young elite soccer players in relation to muscle group (knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF)) and limb preference (dominant vs. non-dominant limb). Forty-one U16 national team soccer players (mean age 15.7±0.3 years, body height 177.9±6.6 cm, body weight 68.2±7.9 kg) participated in this study. Assessments were performed on a Cybex Humac Norm isokinetic dynamometer in concentric contraction. We noted the degree of SAs in the bilateral ratio of quadriceps and hamstrings and in the ipsilateral ratio of the dominant (DL) and non-dominant (NL) legs. Bilateral deficits of KFs were higher (9.02-12.61 %) than those of KFs (6.32-7.15 %). The percentage of SA (>10 %) in knee extensors was 19.5-31.7 %. The percentage of SA (>10 %) in knee flexors was 36.6-51.2 %. At the lowest velocity, there was a significantly higher prevalence of SAs in KFs than in KEs (x2= 4.11, p<.05). The ipsilateral ratio was lowest at the lowest velocity regardless of limb dominance (DL: 58.95-63.27 %, NL: 56.58-60.11 %). At each velocity, the percentage of SA was higher for the non-dominant limb (12.2-24.4 %) than for the dominant one (4.9-14.6 %). Despite these differences, we did not find any significantly higher prevalence of SA in the nondominant limb than in the dominant one (x2= .35-2.04, p>.05). The results of the study suggest that more than 73.2 % of players have at least one SA. More attention should be paid to knee flexors, where a higher percentage of strength asymmetries were observed; furthermore, a higher percentage of strength asymmetry was seen in the non-dominant lower limb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regular physical activity promotes health and quality of life, and contributes to the prevention of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Objectives: To assess the physical activity level (PAL) and its relationship with sociodemographic variables, muscle strength tests, and body composition. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study. PAL was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), muscle strength using leg press and dynamometry, and body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results: The sample was mostly composed of female participants (76.7%). The mean age of participants was 21 years. Students (n=86) had low (58.1%), moderate (29.1%), and high (12.8%) PALs. An association was found between PAL and gender (.013) and some strength tests, namely right and left handgrip (p=.000; p=.005) and peak isometric quadriceps strength (p=.010). PAL influenced the amount of lean and fat body mass (p=.012; p=.042). Conclusion: The profile of the more physically active students showed increased muscle strength and mass, and a lower percent body fat. These are relevant indicators of the health of the population under analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: el aumento de la motivación hacia la Educación Física podría resultar un elemento esencial para propiciar un incremento en la condición física saludable de los escolares. La ausencia de estudios en población española hace necesario el desarrollo de esta línea de investigación.Objetivos: el objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar la asociación entre la motivación hacia la Educación Física y los niveles de condición física saludable en adolescentes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria.Métodos: un total de 294 escolares (167 varones y 127 mujeres), de 13 a 16 años de edad cumplimentaron la versión española de la Escala de Locus Percibido de Causalidad en Educación Física y realizaron las pruebas de condición física saludable de la Batería ALPHA-Fitness de Alta Prioridad.Resultados: los resultados del estudio mostraron una asociación positiva entre tener una alta motivación hacia la Educación Física y presentar una mayor capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, tanto en niños como en niñas (p < 0,05). En cambio, no se encontró una asociación entre la motivación hacia la Educación Física y el sobrepeso o fuerza muscular.Conclusiones: existe una asociación positiva entre la motivación hacia la Educación Física y la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Por tanto, con el objetivo de que los alumnos presenten una capacidad cardiorespiratoria saludable, los profesores de Educación Física deberían promover la motivación hacia la Educación Física. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: el presente estudio tuvo por objetivos: a) determinar los valores de referencia de la condición muscular mediante el índice general de fuerza (IGF); y b) estudiar si el IGF está asociado con indicadores de adiposidad en niños y adolescentes escolares de Bogotá, Colombia.Métodos: del total de 7.268 niños y adolescentes (9-17,9 años) evaluados en el estudio FUPRECOL, 4.139 (57%) fueron mujeres. Se evaluó el IGF como marcador del desempeño muscular a partir de la tipificación de las pruebas de fuerza prensil (FP) y salto de longitud (SL). El IGF se recodificó en cuartiles (Q), siendo el Q4 la posición con mejor valor del IGF. El índice de masa corporal (IMC), la circunferencia de cintura (CC), el índice cintura/talla (ICT) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (% GC) por bioimpedancia eléctrica se midieron como marcadores de adiposidad.Resultados: la edad media de los evaluados fue 12,8 ± 2,3 años. Se aprecia una tendencia hacia un incremento del nivel de condición física muscular en los varones conforme aumenta la edad, y hacia la estabilidad o un ligero aumento en el caso de las mujeres. El IGF se relacionóinversamente con el ICT y % GC en los varones (r = -0,280, r = -0,327, p < 0,01), respectivamente. Los escolares ubicados en el Q4 del IGF presentaron menores valores en marcadores de adiposidad IMC, CC, ICT y % GC, p < 0,01, que su contraparte del Q1.Conclusión: se presentan valores de referencia del IGF a partir de la estandarización de los resultados obtenidos en la FP y SL. La evaluación de la fuerza muscular en edades tempranas permitirá implementar programas de prevención de riesgo cardiovascular y metabólico futuro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic activities are a clear alternative to programs of terrestrial muscle strengthening. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aquatic-aerobics exercises on folds and body diameters and improving muscle strength in young women. Twelve women between 16-18 years old, sedentary, intentionally selected were subjected to an aquatic-aerobics exercises program of 18 sessions, developed at the Olympic Swimming Pool in Arica-Chile. The results show that young women have an overweight BMI, with a predominantly endomorph somatotype. The body folds of anterior thigh and calf decreased significantly at the end of program implementation, similar behavior expressed in the sum of these (∑7: of 167.06±8.71 mm to 145.23±8.9 mm in pretest). Muscle strength was significantly increased in the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and brachial biceps muscles. However, this increase is more significant (p<0.001) in the sum of muscles evaluated (∑7: of 137.72±5.27 kg to 158.67±6.48 kg after the program). It is concluded that aquaticaerobics exercise programs applied to young women, have a positive effect, with significant increases in muscle strength and a significant decrease in skin folds. The implementation of these programs provides multiple benefits for health and improved quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest the role of muscular strength has been increasingly recognized in the prevention of chronic disease in early life, and features of the cardiometabolic disease have also been negatively associated with muscle strength in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between muscular fitness and physical health status among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia.Methods: cross-sectional study in 921 schoolchildren aged 8-11 years from Bogotá, Colombia. A muscular fitness score (MFS) was measured using handgrip strength and standing long jump and vertical jump. Each of these variables was standardized as follows: standardized value = (value = mean)/SD. The muscle fitness score was calculated as the mean of the three standardized scores. MFS was recoded into quartiles Q1 (low fitness) to Q4 (high fitness). The body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, waist and hip circumference, body composition by bioimpedance (BIA), blood pressure and self-declaration sexual maturation were measured such as indicators associated with future cardiovascular events.Results: the average age was 13.0 ± 2.6 years. Participants with Q4 (high fitness), show a better physical health status (BMI, blood pressure, body fat and waist circumference (BMI, blood pressure, body fat and waist circumference, p[linear X2] = 0.01). Individuals with Q1 and Q3 (low fitness) had 4.06 times (95%CI 2.60 to 6.34; p = 0.043) risk of excess body fat and 1.57 times (95%CI 1.02 -1.89; p = 0.020) risk of abdominal obesity.Conclusion: our results show that muscle fitness is associated with better physical health status. The testing of muscle strength at early ages should be included in health- monitoring systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: aging is accompanied by a progressive reduction of muscle mass that contributes to the development of functional limitations, and where vibration training may be an option for optimal intervention in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia.Objective: to assess the effectiveness of whole-body vibration in the neuromuscular system of the elderly.Methods: systematic review in Medline, CINAHL, WOS and PEDro data by combining the descriptors of Medical Subject Headings concerning vibration training, muscle strength, muscle mass and older adults.Results: a total of 214 studies were found on the vibration training in older people as either the only intervention or in combination with other exercises, of which 45 met the selection criteria. Of these, 30 items were eliminated by not more than 5 points according to the PEDro scale. They were included 15 clinical trials for final analysis.Conclusion: WBV training proves to be a safe, adequate and effective strength training method in the elderly population, but results are similar to conventional resistance exercise in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]