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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent female endocrine condition that significantly affects women of all age groups and is characterized by metabolic dysfunction. The efficacy of existing pharmaceutical interventions for the treatment of PCOS remains inadequate. With a rich history and cultural significance spanning thousands of years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is extensively employed for treating a variety of ailments and can serve as a supplementary therapy for managing PCOS. Multiple clinical observations and laboratory tests have unequivocally demonstrated the substantial effectiveness and safety of TCM formulae in treating PCOS, and further investigations are currently in progress. To summarize the TCM formulae commonly employed in the clinical management of PCOS, examine their therapeutic benefits, investigate their mechanism of action, active constituents, and establish the correlation between efficacy, mechanism of action, and active constituents. We conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, Web of Science, and China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) using the following keywords: "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome", "Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoctions", "Traditional Chinese Medicine formulae", "Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Clinical Observation", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Pharmacology", and various combinations of these terms. From January 1, 2006 until October 7, 2023, (inclusive). This paper summarized the clinical effectiveness, mechanism of action, and active components of 8 TCM formulae for the treatment of PCOS. Our research indicates that TCM formulae can potentially treat PCOS by enhancing the levels of hyperandrogenism and other endocrine hormones, decreasing insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and controlling chronic low-grade inflammation, among other modes of action. In addition, we found an association between epigenetics and TCM formulae for the treatment of PCOS. TCM formulae have specific advantages in the treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). They achieve therapeutic benefits by targeting several pathways and connections, attracting considerable interest and playing a vital role in the treatment of PCOS. TCM formulae can be used as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of PCOS. [Display omitted] • This article was based on a comprehensive search of literatures on PCOS in commonly used Chinese and English databases. • The clinical observed effects of various TCM formulae in the treatment of PCOS are systematically described. • Studies of TCM formulae to reduce the incidence of adverse effects in PCOS based on existing clinical outcomes were reviewed. • The mechanism of action and active ingredients of TCM formulae for treating PCOS were systematically described. • The relationship between TCM, epigenetics and PCOS was expounded based on the existing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upon fusing the pyrazinyl pyrazole entity in giving pyrazolo[3,4‐f]quinoxaline chelate, the corresponding Os(II) based NIR emitter exhibited "invisible" and efficient electroluminescence with a peak maximum at 811 nm. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.97 % and a suppressed efficiency roll‐off till a current density of 300 mA cm−2 was also exhibited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is relatively steroid resistant and no clinical or histological marker can predict the response to therapy. To investigate the role of serum immunoglobulin subclass/IgM in predicting the response to therapy in FSGS, serum concentrations of total IgG, IgG subclasses, and the ratio of serum IgG subclasses to total IgG (% IgG subclass) were measured in 27 children during the acute nephrotic state. Prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and Persantine (dipyridamole) were given for 12 weeks. We divided the patients into good responders or poor responders according to clinical response. The clinical and nephrotic status were similar in both groups. Fourteen patients were good responders with higher serum IgG1/IgM than that of non-responders (4.00±0.67 vs. 1.61±0.20, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IgG2/IgM between these two groups. These results suggest that higher serum IgG1/IgM ratios may be associated with a better clinical response. These changes may reflect dysregulation of immunoglobulin class switching in patients with FSGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially lifethreatening complication in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No safe, effective and conservative treatment exists for patients who fail to respond to standard therapy. We report a 17-year-old girl with SLE who suffered from severe hemorrhagic cystitis. Initially, she received frequent red blood cell and platelet transfusions, continuous bladder irrigation, and blood clots were evacuated. Numerous kinds of treatment were tried, including electrocoagulation of bleeding foci, prostaglandin E[sub 1] bladder instillation, and hyperbaric oxygen. However, she remained severely anemic and thrombocytopenic necessitating daily transfusions of blood products. After intravesical formalin instillation was performed twice, the hematuria ceased completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) organic‐light emitting devices (OLEDs) with high radiance are useful for applications including invisible marking, communication, and biomedical imaging. However, performances of NIR OLEDs are typically limited by their severe efficiency roll‐offs at high current density. Herein, three isoquinolinyl azolate based Os(II) complexes (Isq‐1–3) with short radiative decay lifetime (in hundreds of ns), and photoluminescence with peak wavelengths > 745 nm and quantum yield up to 48% as doped thin films, are reported. Upon concomitant employment of exciplex‐forming co‐host (tris(4‐carbazoyl‐9‐ylphenyl)amine and 2,4,6‐tris(biphenyl‐3‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine), efficiency roll‐off is greatly reduced, giving external quantum efficiency of 9.66% at a current density of 300 mA cm−2. A maximum radiance over 170 W sr−1 m−2 is also achieved in devices based on Isq‐2 and Isq‐3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared organic light‐emitting diodes (NIR OLEDs) enable many unique applications ranging from night‐vision displays and photodynamic therapies. However, the development of efficient NIR OLEDs with a low efficiency roll‐off is still challenging. Here, a series of new heteroleptic Pt(II) complexes (1–4) flanked by both pyridyl pyrimidinate and functional azolate chelates are synthesized. The reduced ππ* energy gap of the pyridyl pyrimidinate chelate, and strong intermolecular interaction and high crystallinity in vacuum‐deposited thin films engender strong intermolecular charge transfer transition including metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer; thereby, exhibiting efficient photoluminescence within 776–832 nm and short radiative lifetimes of 0.52–0.79 µs. Consequently, nondoped NIR‐emitting OLEDs based on these Pt(II) complexes are fabricated, to which Pt(II) complexes 2 and 4 give record high maximum external quantum efficiency of 10.61% at 794 nm and 9.58% at 803 nm, respectively. Moreover, low efficiency roll‐off is also observed, among which the device efficiencies of 2 and 4 are at least four times higher than that of the best NIR‐emitting OLEDs recorded at current density of 100 mA cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]