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The Fourier coded aperture transform hyperspectral imaging system (FCTS), which we proposed in our previous work, has excellent physical interpretability compared to other encoding methods. Due to the excellent energy concentration characteristic of Fourier encoding, it can achieve high-quality spectral imaging even under undersampling conditions. However, since the grayscale encoding method limits the system's sampling speed, we propose a binary sampling Fourier-encoded spectral imaging method. Besides, to address the significant errors of reconstructed spectral image at low sampling rates, we construct a spectral image enhancement network, which introduces spatial and channel attention modules to successively enhance the spatial and spectral information of the reconstructed spectral images. During the spectral image refinement and enhancement stage, band grouping is performed to alleviate the difficulty in feature extraction and make the training process more stable. The effectiveness of our proposed method has been validated on both public datasets and our own datasets. When the sampling times are reduced by an order of magnitude, on the three public datasets, the PSNR improved by 10.79 dB, the SSIM increased by 0.35, and the SAM decreased by 12.1° on average. On our own datasets, the PSNR improved by 12 dB, the SSIM increased by 0.24, and the SAM decreased by 6.5°. • A Fourier coded aperture transform rapid spectral imaging system. • An end-to-end spectral image enhancement network. • Adopting undersampling and binarizing the masks to achieve rapid spectral imaging. • Binarizing the masks to enable the use of high-speed DMD during sampling process. • Introducing spatial attention and channel attention to enhance the spatial and spectral information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI), under low-spatial resolution settings, often suffers signal contamination from neighboring voxels due to ringing artifacts. Spatial localization can be improved by constraining the point-spread-function (PSF). Here the effectiveness of the two-dimensional PSF-Choice technique in providing improved spatial localization for MRSI is demonstrated. Theory and methods The PSF-Choice technique constrains the PSF to a desired shape by manipulating the weighting of RF excitation pulse throughout phase-encode steps. Based on a Point REsolved SpectroScopy (PRESS)-type sequence, PSF-Choice encoding was implemented along two dimensions to excite a two-dimensional Gaussian profile, by replacing the usual RF excitation pulse with a train of pulses that is modified at each phase-encoding step. The method was proven mathematically, and demonstrated experimentally in phantoms containing prostate relevant metabolic compounds of choline, creatine and citrate. Results Using a dedicated prostate-mimicking spectroscopy phantom surrounded by oil, it was found that there is significantly less signal contamination from oil for PSF-Choice encoding compared with standard phase encoding. In particular, with standard phase encoding, there was a significant difference (p = 0.014) between ratios of Choline + Creatine to Citrate for voxels well within the phantom compared to voxels within the phantom but near the boundary with oil. The ratios in boundary voxels were also significantly different (p = 0.035) from reference values obtained using the prostate phantom with no oil present. In contrast, no significant differences were found in comparisons of these ratios when encoding with PSF-Choice. Conclusion The PSF-Choice scheme applied along two dimensions produces MR spectroscopic images with substantially reduced truncation artifacts and spectral contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]