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Young people and their families around the world are especially vulnerable to macroeconomic hard times. This study sought to provide a more comprehensive view on how families with emerging adult children can successfully overcome economic distress. Specifically, we examined the links between economic strain—that is, the subjective perceptions of one's current and future financial situation—family ritual meaning, family problem‐solving communication, and quality of life, as reported by emerging adults and their parents. Data were collected from 1017 individuals nested in 334 families living in Portugal in 2016/2017. Results from multilevel modeling provided evidence for a negative impact of economic strain on family members' quality of life (β = −0.30, p < 0.001); and for the role of family ritual meaning (β = 0.01, p = 0.022), but not family problem‐solving communication, as a buffer against the negative effect of economic strain on quality of life. Findings also suggested that the subjective evaluations that family members formulated about their financial situations played a greater role than objective economic conditions (e.g., income) in establishing a deeper understanding on the impact of economic demands on individuals and families' lives in today's complex financial world. This study provides a significant contribution to family economic stress research, advancing family ritual meaning as a key family dynamic contributing to positive adaptation to economic distress. The implications of these findings for clinical interventions include the potential benefits of symbolic forms of family communication in the work carried out with economically stressed family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst today's complex financial world, understanding how family adaptation may be fostered in contexts of macroeconomic adversity is paramount. The present qualitative study sought to investigate how Portuguese families with emerging adult children have been managing macroeconomic-related demands since the Great Recession. Specifically, we aimed at uncovering the processes that may have facilitated their adaptation to macroeconomic stress over the last decade. Fourteen two-parent families with at least one emerging adult child (N = 48 participants) participated in semi-structured interviews in late 2010s. Thematic analysis yielded three key themes: (i) Appraisal, capturing family beliefs regarding their macroeconomic contexts since early to late 2010s; (ii) Demands and Impact, reflecting the macroeconomic challenges with which families were confronted; (iii) Capabilities, including coping behaviors – such as financial cutbacks implemented during the recession – and resources – such as family cohesion and parental emotional and instrumental support to emerging adults – that facilitated families' demand management, potentially constituting key family processes in resilience during macroeconomic hard times. Despite their positive adaptation to macroeconomic demands during the most complicated years of recession, families continued to perceive great instability in their macroeconomic contexts in late 2010s, displaying concerns related to the future of emerging adults. These results highlighted that macroeconomic crises entail long-lasting impacts for individuals and families, alerting researchers, clinicians and politicians to the increased challenges currently faced by young people and their families. In addition, findings from this study can inform clinical practice and the development of multisystemic interventions aiming at helping financially stressed families. Highlights: Portuguese families with emerging adult children have been experiencing macroeconomic demands over the last decade. Key coping behaviors and resources for family adaptation in macroeconomic hard times were identified, including financial adjustments and cutbacks, family cohesion, family communication, and parental support to emerging adults. Parents and children presented financial- and employment-related future concerns, perceiving great instability in their current and anticipated macroeconomic contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a worldwide event that has caused significant changes in the daily lives of individuals and families. The combined effect of the pandemic and the stress associated with major life cycle changes, such as the transition to parenthood, is yet to be understood. The aim of the current study was to validate the Portuguese version of the recently developed COVID‐19 Household Environment Scale (CHES) and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of mothers who had given birth during the pandemic. The CHES is a self‐report measure assessing the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic in household cohesion and conflict and includes two sections. Section 1 contains 25 descriptive items pertaining to sociodemographic and household characteristics and COVID‐19 stressors. Section 2 encompasses household cohesion and conflict, assessing any change in household experiences and activities following the onset of social distancing. The participants consisted of 342 mothers, aged between 19 and 50 years (M = 31.43; SD = 4.38). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original CHES bifactor structure of household cohesion and conflict, which obtained an acceptable fit (CFI = 0.900, RMSEA = 0.065). Correlations between household cohesion and conflict and family cohesion and dyadic coping contributed to developing the construct validity of this scale. Furthermore, both CHES subscales demonstrated very good internal consistency. Further research is warranted to assess the CHES in other cultural contexts. This is a useful tool to assess change in family households due to the unprecedented adverse pandemic experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study sought to gain a comprehensive understanding of how men navigated the transition to fatherhood during a highly stressful pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 Portuguese first-time fathers during 2021. Results from thematic analyses suggested that key moments and experiences were disrupted for these men due to the pandemic, promoting gender role stress in the context of fathering. Positive implications were also mentioned, namely the possibility of greater father involvement in both the prenatal and postnatal periods provided by work-related measures (e.g., telework, furlough). This study reinforces the need for socio-political and hospital policies targeting the promotion of fathers' inclusion and active involvement during this key life transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroeconomic crises occur cyclically, entailing devastating social consequences for individuals and families. Previous research addressing families' responses to socioeconomic upheavals has been mainly conducted with couples with young or adolescent children. Less research attention has been given to middle-aged couples with emerging adult children who might be struggling to support their offspring's transition to adulthood emotionally and financially. The present study examines the impact of economic stressors on family and individual functioning reported by couples with emerging adult children in Portugal. Using a sample of 317 heterosexual middle-aged couples, structural equation models were built to assess the links between economic hardship, economic pressure, and family functioning and psychological well-being. Following an actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) approach, both actor and partner effects were tested. The results showed that greater economic hardship was indirectly linked with (a) poor family functioning as reported by men and women, via the economic pressure felt by men, revealing an actor and a partner effect and (b) poor psychological well-being via each partner's own feeling of economic pressure, revealing only actor effects. Findings also indicated that economic stress processes may operate differently across socioeconomic status (SES) groups, with men from low/medium-low SES reporting a more pronounced association between economic pressure and family functioning. This study added support to previous literature on the adverse impact of economic stressors on family and individual functioning, extending family economic stress research to the Portuguese cultural setting and to an understudied stage of the family life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to regenerate the dental pulp, many strategies have been developed as phototherapy. In the pulp repair, we do not know if gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) laser preserves the primary odontoblasts or stimulates the formation of more dentin matrix when dental pulp is damaged. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of laser phototherapy (λ780 nm) on vascularization, inflammation, density of the primary odontoblast layer, and formation of reactionary and reparative dentin in the dental pulp by provoking extrusion of the rat incisor. The upper incisors were extruded 3 mm and then repositioned into their original sockets followed by a laser irradiation of the palatal mucosa (λ = 780 nm; p = 70 mW; CW; 4.2 J/cm2; 60 s) every 48 h. Non-traumatized and/or non-irradiated incisors were used as the controls. At 8 and 30 days after surgery, incisors were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. Morphological analysis revealed no differences in vascularization between groups, but showed discrete inflammation in some non-irradiated and injured specimens, which correlated with a more irregular reparative dentin. The density of primary odontoblasts in the groups treated with lasers was higher when compared to non-irradiated groups, but no statistically significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The thickness of the tertiary dentin was increased in both traumatized groups with no statistically significant difference between non-irradiated and irradiated groups (p > 0.05).The present findings revealed that the GaAlAs laser induced small changes on dentin-pulp complex, with more regular dentin matrix in the irradiated dental pulps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Family Distress Index (FDI). The FDI is an 8-item self-report measure that assesses family maladaptation, providing an index of family outcomes within the resiliency model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation.Method: Participants were 459 adults, who completed measures of family distress (FDI) and family functioning (Systemic Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation; SCORE-15).Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a unidimensional factorial structure. Results also indicated that the FDI has good internal consistency and temporal stability. The positive and significant correlation between FDI and SCORE-15' scores demonstrated its convergent validity. Through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we determined a cut-off score of 12 for identifying probable family distress.Discussion: In sum, the Portuguese version of the FDI is a valid and reliable instrument, which can foster the development of future empirical studies focused on family adaptation in diverse contexts of adversity, namely in health care settings. (PsycINFO Database Record [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within family stress theories, the way in which families communicate about their hardships and issues is crucial for the family’s stress management and functioning. In the current study, we sought to validate the Portuguese version of the Family Problem Solving Communication (FPSC) Index and examine its psychometric properties. Developed within the context of the resiliency model of family stress, adjustment and adaptation, the FPSC is a ten-item self-report measure that assesses the family communication patterns that are likely to play a role in the family’s coping with hardships and difficulties. The participants were 332 individuals between 18 and 76 years who completed the FPSC and self-report measures of family hardiness and family functioning. A confirmatory factor analysis supported the original FPSC bifactorial structure, indicating the presence of two dimensions, Affirmative Communication and Incendiary Communication. Correlations between the scale’s total score and its dimensions with the measures of family hardiness and family functioning attested to its convergent validity. Furthermore, the index demonstrated respectable to very good internal consistency and temporal stability. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the FPSC is a valid and reliable instrument that can support the development of future empirical studies focused on family problem solving communication, especially with regard to family adaptation in different contexts of adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the worldwide known Quadrilátero Ferrífero and the adjacent terrains, southeastern Brazil, many serpentinite and soapstone quarries, and some rare bodies of metaultramafic rocks that partially preserve minerals or textures from the original igneous protolith can be found. It is not known if the protoliths and the ages of the metaultramafic rocks found in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (and its oriental basement) and Mineiro Belt regions are the same or if they represent distinct magmatic episodes. The petrogenetic investigation, specially concerning the REE contents, aimed to gather informations about the type of magmatism and the mantle source in order to compare the metaultramafic rocks of both regions. The interpretation of the data concerning petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemistry shows that the metaultramafic rocks are similar to komatiitic peridotites, with MgO contents > 22 wt % and TiO 2 < 0.9 wt %. The plot of the REE for the lithotypes found in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero shows decrease in LREE possibly reflecting the depletion of the mantle source. On the other hand the samples from the Mineiro Belt are enriched in LREE suggesting a mantle source enriched in these elements. This enrichment may have been caused by mantle metassomatism that occurred during accretion of the Paleoproterozoic magmatic arc that generated the Mineiro belt. In this paper, we therefore suggest two periods of ultramafic magmatism. The first one found in the Archean basement of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, with a depleted mantle source. The second occurred in the Paleoproterozoic basement of the Mineiro belt, having a metassomatized mantle as source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is a systematic review of empirical literature from the last 35 years on families' responses to economic distress in the context of macroeconomic crises. Thirty-nine studies published between 1983 and 2015 in 12 countries were identified, resulting in 3 main findings. First, economic distress was associated with negative changes in family dynamics, specifically couple relationships and parenting. Second, protective factors were found to buffer the adverse effects of economic distress on family and individual outcomes. Third, the results suggest that individual responses to macroeconomic crises may be moderated by sex. Implications for future research encompass using validated assessment instruments, including participants beyond 2-parent families with adolescent children and conducting both longitudinal and qualitative studies that focus on the processes and meanings of adaptation within this risk context. Conclusions highlighted the need to assist families dealing with macroeconomic crises' demands, encouraging the development and validation of macrosystemic intervention programs. (PsycINFO Database Record [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposes: to verify the performance of elderly in tests of auditory processing at the delivery of the hearing aids, after a month of use and after the auditory training. Methods: the study was carried out with 11 elderly people, between 60 and 79 years old, wearing hearing aids, at Centro de Saúde Clélia Manfro. All patients were submitted to Speech in Noise tests, normal or expanded Random Gap Detection Test and to the binaural integration stage of the Dichotic digits test, in three different moments: at the delivery of the hearing aids, after a month of use, and after five auditory training sessions. Results: in relation to sex, 7 (63.64 %) were women. The mean age was 71.27 (± 5.33). The average time of daily use of the hearing aids was 10.18 hours (± 2.44), and of sensory deprivation was 5.82 years (± 5.29). All participants gradually increased the scores in tests of auditory processing, reaching better performance after the auditory training, and the comparison between the three moments resulted statistically significant (p< 0.001). Conclusion: the process of adaptation to the hearing aids as well as the auditory training led to an improvement in speech recognition with and without competing message as reflecting the period of acclimatization after the second evaluation and the effect of auditory training after the third assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Amarantina district of Ouro Preto (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil), ultramafic rock exposures are found along two areas of about 500 m² each. The rocks crop out in the Bação complex, which is the gneissic basement of the Rio das Velhas greenstone belt in the central portion of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF). The interest in a petrogenetic study of the ultramafic rocks is the partial preservation of igneous minerals, which are not observed in most of the completely metamorphosed ultramafic rocks in the QF. Among them, the steatites and the serpentinites are the best studied because of their economic importance. The ultramafic rocks from Amaranima are classified as metaperidotites due to the equigranular texture characteristic of plutonic origin. The rocks are made up of large grains of olivine, pyroxene, and spinel preserved from de original magmatic rock, which are distributed in a fine grained mass with talc, serpentine, chlorite, amphibole, and opaque minerals. Scarce arite (NiSbAs) and breithauptite (NiSb) were generated after pentlandite during hydrothermal metamorphism. Comparison of the chemical composition with a metakomatiite with spinifex texture from de QF as well as with known komatiitic rocks from other parts of the world reveals that the metaperidotites are chemically similar to non Al-depleted komatiites. Therefore it is probable that the studied ultramafic rocks correspond to the plutonic portion of the komatiitic magmatism of the Nova Lima group, at the base of the Rio das Velhas greenstone belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A systematic study of the production of poly(2-ethyl hexyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/acrylic acid) pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) via conventional emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization was carried out in order to discern and compare the influence of copolymer composition, chain transfer agent (CTA) and surfactant concentrations on the kinetics and microstructure of the resulting adhesive films. The results showed that miniemulsion polymerization proceeded solely under droplet nucleation for a certain set of initial reaction conditions. The miniemulsion-based latexes presented a polymer microstructure that was different to that found in latexes produced by conventional emulsion polymerization, as observed in the frequency master curves and PSA performance analysis. Batch miniemulsion polymerization was able to produce films with entanglement densities (Mw /Me ) from 2 up to 11, which were strongly correlated with loop tack, peel strength and shear strength. Conversely, under the same reaction conditions, batch conventional emulsion polymerization was only able to produce Mw /Me ratios below 2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Conventional PCR failed to detect T. canis DNA in serum samples of infected mice at 15, 30, 60, 90 or 120 days post-infection. • Toxocara canis DNA was detected by PCR in tissue samples of infected mice at 170 days post-infection. • PCR cannot replace immunodiagnosis in murine toxocariasis but could be a complementary tool in specific cases. Toxocariasis is still a neglected parasitic disease worldwide and much about its biology and diagnosis has yet to be understood. The migration of third stage larvae via bloodstream suggests a potential use of molecular tools in diagnosis as well to deepen the knowledge about its migration behaviors. Conventional PCR was applied in serum and tissue samples from BALB/c mice infected with 5 and 500 embryonated eggs. Blood samples were collected at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-infection. Organs were excised at 170 days post infection. There was no DNA amplification in serum samples in any group or day post-infection; contrarily, tissue samples showed DNA amplification. These results also support a continuous larval migration after and/or simultaneously with the neurotropic-myotropic phase. Thus, molecular tools might be useful as a differential diagnosis method, but do not replace immunodiagnostics techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the role of family support to young adult children during COVID‐19 in ameliorating the negative financial impact of the pandemic. Guided by the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory of stress and coping, we conceptualize the negative financial impact due to COVID‐19 as a source of financial stress that would be associated with lower levels of both financial wellbeing and positive outlook of young adults. We rely on data collected from a multinational sample of young adults (ages 18–30) from six countries (China, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, US; N = 2102) over a 3‐month period (July 2020–September 2020). We tested the potential effects of two types of support (i.e., parental financial support and family emotional support) using path analysis. While we find a consistent positive association between family emotional support and both financial wellbeing and positive outlook, we also find a consistent negative association between parental financial support and financial wellbeing, and a nonsignificant or negative association (Lithuania only) with a positive outlook. The significant interaction between COVID‐19 financial impact and family emotional support on young adults' positive outlook reveals that the benefit of family emotional support is more evident when the negative financial impact is low or moderate. We discuss the implications of these findings in assisting young adults to cope with financial disruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging adults are especially vulnerable as they experience its financial impact as a source of stress. We tested a model of psychological resilience among emerging adults (18–25 years) during the pandemic from six Western countries (Finland, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, and United States) using online survey data collected between May and September 2020. Framed in the conservation of resources theory, we examined the association between financial loss and financial well-being and the moderating role of psychological resilience in the association. Using path analysis, we found a direct negative association between financial loss and financial well-being, a direct positive association between psychological resilience and financial well-being, but no evidence of moderation. We discuss the findings in the context of continuing global economic uncertainty and the support needed to foster adult independence and financial well-being of emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copolymers consisted of anionic and neutral blocks can electrostatically complex to cationic surfactants forming a concentrated core, surrounded by a shell of hydrophilic blocks which stabilize nanoparticles in water. Cores are comprised of a phase concentrated in micelles and may even form liquid-crystalline structures and are expected to uptake superior amount of hydrophobic molecules than solutions of pure surfactant micelles. We prepared and characterized nanoparticles formed by hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride and poly(ethylene oxide)- b -poly(methacrylic acid) of different block lengths to uptake hydrophobic ingredients for the first time. Scattering techniques were used to study effects on stability and core structure. Spectroscopy measurements were performed to confirm potential as hair sunscreen formulations. Oil uptake leads to higher ordering of micelles and is improved with increasing the length of anionic blocks. Long neutral blocks assure better dispersibility. The uptake of oil by nanoparticles can be twice their own concentration. It allows obtaining a sample with sunscreen protection factor of 15 and low viscosity to be sprayed over hydrophilic surfaces, where it is waterproof for at least 30 min. Samples containing essential oils with repellent or larvicide activity were also obtained. Results demonstrate the potential of these nanoparticles for dispersing oils in aqueous media, through a low-energy method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a disease that impacts not only the patient but also affects the entire family. Family members experience high levels of distress. Therefore, screening for cancer-specific distress among family members of people with cancer is important but relatively unexplored. This cross-sectional study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of a screening tool for family members of people with cancer. We examined the usefulness of the emotional thermometers burden version (ET-BV) in detecting caregiver emotional distress. The ET-BV is a simple multidomain visual analogue scale distributed in two major domains: "emotional upset" and "impact." A total of 364 cancer patients' family members completed the ET-BV and Brief Symptom Inventory. Analyses were aimed to examine the diagnostic accuracy (receiver operating characteristic) of the ET-BV. A fair to good diagnostic accuracy was achieved for ET-BV. For emotional upset thermometers, a cutoff of ≥5 was determined and for impact thermometers, a cutoff of ≥4 was established. ET-BV seems to be a useful, quick, and simple tool for distress screening in family members of people with cancer. A revision of a specific thermometer is discussed in order to increase ET screening performance and clinical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multidimensional model of emerging adults’ subjective financial well-being was proposed (Sorgente and Lanz, Int Journal of Behavioral Development, 43(5), 466–478 2019). The authors also developed a 5-factor scale (the Multidimensional Subjective Financial Well-being Scale, MSFWBS) intending to measure this construct in the European context. To date, data using this instrument have been collected in nine countries: Austria, Canada, Finland, India, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, and Turkey. In the current study, data from these countries were analysed to test the validity of this model internationally. In particular, using an international sample of 4,475 emerging adults, we collected the following kinds of validity evidence for the MSFWBS: score structure, reliability, generalizability, convergent, and criterion-related evidence. Findings suggest that the MSFWBS (1) yields valid and reliable scores, and (2) works well in individualistic and economically developed countries, producing comparable scores. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe three cases of azoospermia in patients with oligospermia after clomiphene citrate (CC) intake. Design: Case report. Setting(s): Academic medical center. Patient(s): Three patients with oligospermia. Intervention(s): Three oligospermic men used CC, resulting in azoospermia. Main Outcome Measure(s): Semen analysis after CC use and after discontinuation of CC. Result(s): Three patients were sent to our clinic for investigation of their azoospermia after use of CC. They had severe oligozoospermia (sperm concentrations of 3.4, 2.8, and 4.1 × 106/mL, respectively) before treatment with CC. These patients were re-evaluated with two new semen analyses, showing azoospermia. After 3 months without use of the drug, the mean sperm concentration was 2.5 ± 1.1 × 106/mL. Conclusion(s): The benefits of empiric treatment with CC must be balanced with the possible undesirable effects, such as azoospermia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Young adulthood (18–30 years old) is a crucial period due to its developmental tasks such as career establishment and financial independence. However, young adults' relative lack of resources makes them vulnerable to employment disruptions (job loss and income loss), which may have both immediate and long-term effects on their financial wellbeing and mental health. The economic impact of COVID-19 restrictions resulted in an increase in unemployment and a decrease in income worldwide, especially for young adults. This study examined to what extent and how job loss and income loss due to the pandemic influenced young adults' perception of their present financial wellbeing, future financial wellbeing, and psychological wellbeing by using cross-sectional survey data collected from six countries (China, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Slovenia, and the United States). Results showed that the impact of income loss and job loss on all three types of wellbeing were mediated by young adults' negative perception of the COVID-19 lockdown restriction (i.e., perceived as a misfortune). Cross-country differences existed in the key variables. The association between employment disruptions, young adults' perception of the COVID-19 lockdown restriction, and wellbeing were equivalent across countries except China. Implications for policy and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares 3 groups consisting of individuals with no gambling problem, those with some problem, and pathological gamblers, according to the following 4 levels of analysis: social context (i.e., accessibility and social acceptance), family context (i.e., family of origin issues, family functioning, and family quality of life), marital issues (i.e., marital satisfaction and adjustment), and individual issues (i.e., congruence, differentiation of self, and psychopathological symptoms). The study protocol of 8 standardized scales, a sociodemographic questionnaire, and 6 independent questions was administered to 331 adults. The main results indicate that although the 2 groups of nonpathological gamblers exhibited differing levels of gambling severity, they did not differ statistically, suggesting that gambling-related problems were only evident when a pathological level was attained. The pathological gamblers exhibited a greater number of family, marital, and individual difficulties compared to the other 2 groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite global demand, the large‐scale effects of social‐emotional learning (SEL) programming in developing countries remain underexplored. Using a randomized control trial, this study examined the effectiveness of a school‐wide SEL intervention—Programa Compasso (PC)—among 3,018 sociodemographically diverse, Portuguese‐speaking children (Mage = 9.85 years) attending 90 public primary schools across Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2017. Average impacts of PC on children's executive function, emotion knowledge, and behavior problems after one school year were null. Moderation analyses did, however, reveal evidence for positive impacts of PC on children's labeling of emotional expressions and inhibitory control within low‐homicide communities (d = 0.15 SDs), and null effects on these same outcomes in high‐violence areas. Implementation and cultural considerations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an emergent problem in public health with new epidemiological, pathophysiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive aspects in constant discovery and development. Although initially the study of COVID-19 had centered on its respiratory manifestations, it has been observed that the SARSCoV- 2 infects numerous tissues, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI), and nervous systems. In particular, the presence of GI symptoms has garnered greater relevance as the pandemic progresses, serving in some cases as a prognostic factor for infection severity or as a diagnostic reference in absence of respiratory symptoms. A majority of the evidence indicates that patients with GI symptoms tend to have worse prognoses than those without them. It has been demonstrated that the SARS-CoV-2 infection modifies the gut microbiota in favor of opportunistic agents, resulting in a greater inflammatory response. Interventions on gut microbiota have been proposed as part of the treatment of COVID-19, but further evidence is required to substantiate its implementation. The objective of this review is to evaluate the epidemiological aspects related with the GI symptoms of COVID-19 patients, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these symptoms and patients' affectation by them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Retinal dystrophies; patient-reported outcomes; visual function; quality of life; translation; linguistic validation EN Retinal dystrophies patient-reported outcomes visual function quality of life translation linguistic validation 137 139 3 04/18/22 20220201 NES 220201 Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are among the most important causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children and young adults in developed countries ([1],[2]), thus posing a significant psychosocial and economic burden ([3]). The Michigan Retinal Degeneration Questionnaire (MRDQ) ([5]) and the Michigan Vision-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (MVAQ) ([6]) are two psychometrically validated PRO questionnaires specifically designed to measure visual function and anxiety in IRDs. We describe step by step the process behind the Portuguese translation and linguistic validation of two new, highly comprehensive and detailed visual function and vision-related anxiety questionnaires - MRDQ and MVAQ, respectively. [Extracted from the article]

Family and marital research remains unrepresentative in African societies. The current study is a descriptive literature review of empirical research on African marital relationships published in peer-reviewed journals since the beginning of the 21st century. The aim of this study was to describe this body of research with regard to its methodology, main thematic foci, and scientific dissemination. Ninety studies published across 63 scientific journals were identified, with the majority of them using a quantitative and cross-sectional design. Marital satisfaction/quality and marital stability/instability were the two themes most frequently explored in the studies. Results also revealed that the number of published articles on the topic and the diversity of themes addressed have seen an increase over the years. Implications for the development of further research on African marital relationships are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel methodology for the solution of nonlinear problems using the Stable Generalized/eXtended Finite Element Method (SGFEM) in two-scale approach. The nonlinear analysis is performed in a coarse mesh and the solution of a local problem, represented by a fine mesh, is used to enrich the partition of unity of the coarse mesh in the so-called global–local strategy. The SGFEM is adopted to deal with the problem of ill-conditioning of the stiffness matrix triggered by the enrichment strategy. Here, this problem is investigated for the first time for global–local analysis of physically nonlinear problem. In addition to the use of SGFEM, it is noteworthy that the relationship between the incremental-iterative process and changes in the constitutive variables are simultaneously updated on both scales. Differently from original GFEM global–local strategies, the evolution of the state variables is conduced only in the global scale. The local problem heritages the material degradation of the global scale, by using a mapping technique, and provides the numerically obtained functions that enriches the global approximation. Different constitutive models and material laws are adopted to incorporate the material degradation. Numerical examples are presented for validating this approach and to show its generality and efficiency. • NL-SGFEMGLGL—a Stable Physically nonlinear methodology in global–local approach. • Use of constitutive models to incorporate the material degradation. • NL-SGFEMGLGL provides more accurate results than its version without stable approach. • A better performance is obtained with less nonlinear iterations than standard FEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]