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Asset‐based and relational pedagogies highlight the centrality of meaningful relationships and authenticity in teaching and learning. Foregrounding children's lived experiences, interests, and ways of knowing provides a focus for teachers to be responsive, both relationally and pedagogically. Writing workshop, as conceived in the 1980's by Donald Graves and Lucy Calkins, is a longstanding curricular structure that encourages young writers to engage with multiple tools and resources, including peers, as they compose. Through writing conferences and authors’ chairs, young writers attend to the practice of composing on paper/screen as well as how their message may be received. This study analyzes children's writing samples to underscore the presence of (a) writing identity, (b) critical literacy, (c) culturally sustaining pedagogy, (d) translanguaging, and (e) intertextuality. Chilldren's interactions with tools, peers, and others provide fertile ground for understanding the critical role of a humanizing and relational approach to teaching and learning. The following questions guide this study: (1) How is a writing realities framework reflected in young children's compositions? (2) What do children's writing artifacts reveal about relationality? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight stigma is pervasive within healthcare and negatively impacts both access to care and the patient‐practitioner relationship. There is limited evidence on weight stigma among registered dietitians, particularly in the United Kingdom, though data show weight‐related prejudice towards people living with obesity. The aim of this study was to examine both explicit and implicit weight stigma in practicing dietitians in the United Kingdom, as well as the lived experience of weight stigma among dietitians, both towards themselves and towards others. Methods: An online cross‐sectional survey was disseminated between February and May 2022 using snowball sampling. Inclusion criteria were that participants were UK registered dietitians aged 20–70 years. Results: Four hundred and two dietitians responded to the survey (female [94.1%], mean age 40.2 years [standard deviation (SD) 10.7]; White ethnicity [90%]; median 12 years [interquartile range (IQR) 6, 22] within dietetic practice). Mean self‐reported body mass index was 25.1 kg/m² (SD 8.7). Most dietitians reported experiencing weight stigma prior to (51%) and postregistration (59.7%), whereas nearly a quarter (21.1%) felt that weight influenced their ability as a dietitian. Weight stigma was experienced across the weight spectrum. Overall participants reported explicit weight bias attitudes, moderate beliefs that obesity is controllable and implicit antifat bias. Within open‐ended responses, dietitians reported three key themes related to their personal experiences of weight stigma: (1) experiences of stigma in dietetic practice, (2) impact of weight stigma and (3) perception of weight, appearance and job. Conclusion: This study shows that UK dietitians exhibit both explicit and implicit weight bias towards people living with obesity. Dietitians reported experiencing weight stigma, which impacted their career‐related decisions and their perception of their own ability to perform as dietitians. The study highlights the need to address weight stigma and its implications within the dietetic profession. Key points: Dietitians personally experience weight stigma prior to and post registration. Experiencing stigma impacts on career‐related decisions, the area of expertise dietitians choose and their confidence in their own abilities to practise as dietitians.Weight stigma is experienced across the weight spectrum.These data show that dietitians have both explicit and implicit bias towards people living with obesity.Our data highlight the need for weight stigma to be addressed within dietetic practice, both from a patient‐practitioner and professional point of view.There is a need for dietetic associations to address how weight stigma impacts the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper forwards critical inquiry as a tool for hope against authoritarian movements in American public higher education. We utilize a speculative case study approach to interrogate the present moment, with its rising tide of authoritarian fascism in the United States and its manifestations in higher education. Rather than viewing this case (and its analogue) as solvable, we orient to it as a predicament. After introducing the problem of authoritarianism in higher education and presenting a speculative case rendering of it, we shift to explore three critical theories: queer theory, futures studies, and speculative feminisms. We use each of these theories to reorient the predicament the case study presents. To read the case with these theories enacts critical anticipatory practices, offering new questions by which to teach and inquire with critical theory in our present fascistic moment. Such enactments spark hope for imagining participatory democratic futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis paper employs a critical theoretical framework to examine the emergence and perpetuation of chaos and disorder in urban spaces. Specifically, we examine the dynamics of chaos during urban transformations, focusing on how it manifests itself in the redevelopment of religious enclaves and its implications for the daily lives of urban residents in two Haredi neighbourhoods in Jerusalem. We have coined the term ‘constant urban chaos’ to characterize this space as both the source and the desired outcome. These spaces of chaos reveal how neighbourhoods are shaped by individual and collective initiatives to preserve the communal ways of life through spatial patterns. Our findings suggest that chaos serves a specific purpose in urban development, providing desirable patterns that sustain city intricacies and delicate networks. Using this mutually beneficial arrangement, the municipality and communities meet the housing needs of specific demographic groups characterized by high fertility rates and non-conventional housing needs while minimizing socio-spatial conflicts. In examining the intricate interplay between urban chaos, community dynamics, and municipal involvement, this study challenges conventional notions of disorder and highlights the strategic utilization of chaos for urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the book "Bernard of Clairvaux: An Inner Life" by Brian Patrick MeGuire. The book explores the life of Bernard of Clairvaux, a medieval abbot, and his impact on Western Europe during the twelfth century. The author presents Bernard as a person of genuine simplicity and transparency, whose main intention was to guide others towards salvation. The book also delves into Bernard's relationships, his response to heresy, and his influence on monastic spirituality. Overall, the book offers a comprehensive and insightful portrayal of Bernard's life and teachings. [Extracted from the article]

Receptors for carboxylate anions have many possible biomedical applications, including mimicry of the vancomycin group of antibiotics. However, binding carboxylates in water, the biological solvent, is highly challenging due to the hydrophilicity of these polar anions. Here we report, for the first time, the recognition of simple carboxylates such as acetate and formate in water by synthetic receptors with charge‐neutral binding sites. The receptors are solubilised by polyanionic side‐chains which, remarkably, do not preclude anion binding. The tricyclic structures feature two identical binding sites linked by polyaromatic bridges, capable of folding into closed, twisted conformations. This folding is hypothesised to preorganise the structures for anion recognition, mimicking the process which generates many protein binding sites. The architecture is suitable for elaboration into enclosed structures with potential for selective recognition of biologically relevant carboxylates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Poisson point process plays a pivotal role in modeling spatial point patterns. One of its key features is that the variance and the mean of the total number of points in a given region are equal, making it unsuitable for modeling point patterns that exhibit significantly different mean and variance. To tackle such point patterns, we introduce the class of Conway-Maxwell-Poisson point processes. Our model can easily be fitted with a logistic regression, its point counts in different regions are correlated and its log-likelihood in any subregion can be easily extracted. Both simulations and real data analyses have been carried out to demonstrate the performance of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material was obtained during cruise 92 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the area with a latitudinal extent of 72°32.0′ to 73°14.5′ N, including the Ob River estuary and adjacent shallow shelf on October 12–13 in the period preceding seasonal ice formation. The estuarine front was well pronounced in terms of salinity (gradients 0.6 PSU/km) and temperature fields and had a quasi-meridional direction. Sharp boundaries in nutrient distribution typical of earlier seasons were not observed. The abundance and biomass of phytoplankton varied from 22 × 103 to 75 × 103 cells/L and 7.3 to 19.0 mg/m3, respectively, which were two to three orders of magnitude lower than the values obtained in July and September. The abundance (30–78%) and biomass (28–80%) of phytoplankton over the entire area were formed by diatoms, among which Fragilariopsis cylindrus dominated. The abundance of freshwater diatoms Aulacoseira was low and the species was represented only by dead cells. A scheme is presented that shows the boundaries between phytoplankton communities of different composition and quantitative characteristics, as well as the specifics of conditions in the eastern area of the wide external part of Ob river estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to create and foster learning spaces that build upon children's knowledge and experiences, we must respect and value their ways of knowing and being, including their play. Accordingly, this study highlights the ways that young children (re)imagined spaces, materials, and identities through their digital play in an analog (containing no physical, digital-based toys/materials) preschool classroom. This qualitative study utilized a framework of children's play as murmuration (a transmodal assemblage), to analyze and discuss the children's various digital play engagements. Three main themes were identified within/across these engagements, including the ways the children: (re)imagined the digital, drew from popular digital culture and media to make connections and construct meaning, and composed digital identities. Insights highlight the ways the children set aside perceived rules for materials, objects, spaces, and identities and created space for critically (re)envisioned ideas, concepts, realities, and futures to emerge. We encourage educators to continue to create and foster classroom spaces that value and build upon children's playful ways of knowing, being, and becoming in the digital world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is often used as an indicator to assess hypertension‐mediated organ damage (HMOD), alongside hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and nephropathy. Assessment of HMOD is crucial when making decisions about treatment optimization. Despite longstanding debate over its reliability to detect LVH, it is common practice to perform an electrocardiogram (ECG) instead of directly assessing left ventricular mass with echocardiography. In this study, the presence of LVH was evaluated using both ECG and echocardiography among consecutive patients suspected of therapy‐resistant hypertension or secondary hypertension in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine at the Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands, between July 15, 2017, and July 31, 2020. The primary endpoints were the specificity and sensitivity of ECG as a diagnostic tool for LVH, with echocardiography serving as the reference method. Among the 329 participants, we identified 70 individuals (21.3%) with true LVH based on echocardiography. The ECG displayed a sensitivity of 47.9% and a specificity of 75.3%. Moreover, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.604. In conclusion, ECG demonstrates limited value in identifying LVH. Considering the importance of accurately assessing HMOD for treatment optimization of hypertension, the role of ECG as a diagnostic tool for LVH is, therefore, questionable. Instead, we recommend employing standard echocardiography as a more reliable diagnostic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents literary criticism focuses on the role of Christological imagery in Mary Ward's 'Robert Elsmere' as a means of rethinking faith amidst Victorian religious change. Topics include the interplay of emotion and intellect in character conversion, the novel's influence on readers' perceptions of faith, and the significance of imaginative reformulations in the context of contemporary theological debates.

Frailty is a complex trait. Twin studies and high-powered Genome Wide Association Studies conducted in the UK Biobank have demonstrated a strong genetic basis of frailty. The present study utilized summary statistics from a Genome Wide Association Study on the Frailty Index to create and test the predictive power of frailty polygenic risk scores (PRS) in two independent samples – the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) aged 67–84 years. Multiple regression models were built to test the predictive power of frailty PRS at five time points. Frailty PRS significantly predicted frailty, measured via the FI, at all-time points in LBC1936 and ELSA, explaining 2.1% (β = 0.15, 95%CI, 0.085–0.21) and 1.8% (β = 0.14, 95%CI, 0.10–0.17) of the variance, respectively, at age ~ 68/ ~ 70 years (p < 0.001). This work demonstrates that frailty PRS can predict frailty in two independent cohorts, particularly at early ages (~ 68/ ~ 70). PRS have the potential to be valuable instruments for identifying those at risk for frailty and could be important for controlling for genetic confounders in epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cruise 92 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh was organized by Shirshov Institute of Oceanology within the long-standing program "Marine Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic" October 5–November 7, 2023. A total of 76 scientists from institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, Moscow State University, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, VNIRO, and MES participated in the cruise. Coordinated hydrophysical, hydrochemical, biooceanological, and geochemical research were carried out in the eastern Kara Sea in the period of seasonal ice formation, as well as in the Ob River estuary and fjords of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The conditions of largest radioactive waste disposals in the Kara Sea were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computational model of aluminum melting is proposed which captures both the thermal fluid-solid phase transition and the mechanical effects of oxidation. The model hybridizes ideas from smoothed particle hydrodynamics and bonded particle models to simulate both hydrodynamic flows and solid elasticity. Oxidation is represented by dynamically adding and deleting spring-like bonds between surface fluid particles to represent the formation and rupture of the oxide skin. Various complex systems are simulated to demonstrate the adaptability of the method and to illustrate the significant impact of skin properties on material flow. Initial comparison to experiments of a melting aluminum cantilever highlights that the computational model can reproduce key qualitative features of aluminum relocation. • A computational model of a thin elastic skin is used to model oxidation in molten aluminum. • A hybrid particle-based framework is used to capture both solid and fluid mechanics. • The importance of oxide skin material properties in the transport of molten aluminum is demonstrated. • Simulations reproduce key qualitative features of experiments of melting cantilevers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The black soldier fly links sustainable protein production and waste valorisation. • Larval diet impacts development time, lifespan, adult body size and egg production. • Spent Brewer's grains resulted in the best performing flies. • Even flies on low-nutritious larval diets produced fertile eggs. The interest in mass-rearing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae for food and feed is rapidly increasing. This is partly sparked by the ability of the larvae to efficiently valorise a wide range of organic waste and by-products. Primarily, research has focused on the larval stage, hence underprioritizing aspects of the adult biology, and knowledge on reproduction-related traits such as egg production is needed. We investigated the impact of different organic waste and by-products as larval diets on various life-history traits of adult black soldier flies in a large-scale experimental setup. We reared larvae on four different diets: spent Brewer's grain, ground carrots, Gainesville diet, and ground oranges. Traits assessed were development time to pupa and adult life-stages, adult body mass, female lifespan, egg production, and egg hatch. Larval diet significantly impacted development time to pupa and adult, lifespan, body size, and egg production. In general, flies reared on Brewer's grain developed up to 4.7 d faster, lived up to 2.3 d longer, and produced up to 57% more eggs compared to flies reared on oranges on which they performed worst for these traits. There was no effect of diet type on egg hatch, suggesting that low-nutritious diets, i.e. carrots and oranges, do not reduce the quality but merely the quantity of eggs. Our results demonstrate the importance of larval diet on reproductive output and other adult traits, all important for an efficient valorisation of organic waste and by-products, which is important for a sustainable insect-based food and feed production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For those who have suffered from trauma and are struggling with PTSD, finding healing through spiritual means can be a meaningful experience for trauma survivors, caregivers, and their loved ones. While much of the current research on PTSD recovery focuses on psychological, physiological, social, and cognitive factors, the spiritual dimension is often overlooked despite its increasing recognition in recent years. This study explores the experiences of individuals who attribute their recovery from PTSD to spirituality, with participants from diverse backgrounds of religion, culture, nationality, and level of faith who have experienced various traumas and recovery methods. The study identifies four stages of recovery: disappointment and disconnection, rock bottom, a leap into spirituality, and mutual forgiveness leading to reconnection. The role of powerlessness in the recovery process is also examined, and a model for a spiritually-based approach to recovery containing the four phases and three turning points is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete assessment of animal welfare requires not just an understanding of negative emotional states, such as fear and anxiety, but also of positive states, such as calmness and happiness. However, few studies have identified accurate and reliable indicators of positive emotional states in dogs. This study aimed to identify parameters that may serve as indicators of short-term emotional states in dogs. Using a cross-over design, 60 dogs living at a research facility were exposed to six different 10-min scenarios expected to elicit responses varying in emotional valence and arousal. A range of behavioural and physiological parameters were collected and their relationship to anticipated emotional valence and arousal was analysed using linear and logistic mixed models. Cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, heart rate variability, panting, whining, and body shake all demonstrated significant differences based on arousal levels, but only within negative valence scenarios. Scores from a qualitative behavioural assessment (QBA) were associated with both emotional valence and arousal and were considered the best indicator of positive valence. Activity, ear temperature, and sitting were associated with positive high arousal, although this may have been influenced by differing levels of movement induced during these scenarios. Meanwhile, heart rate, secretory immunoglobulin A, standing and lying all showed similar changes associated with arousal for both positive and negative valence scenarios. This study provides a critical first step towards identifying evidence-based indicators of short-term emotional states in dogs, while highlighting considerations that should be made when employing these parameters, including the influence of coder bias, food provision, exercise, and external temperature. Overall, it is recommended future dog emotion and welfare research use a combination of parameters including indicators of both emotional valence and arousal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays) is the most important crop in the United States, but maize food and distillation products often rely on varieties that are not bred explicitly for these purposes. Farmers targeting niche food grain markets have expressed interest in historical open‐pollinated varieties of maize, but few such populations are widely available, and even fewer are well‐characterized. We planted field trials of 76 open‐pollinated heirloom varieties available from seed catalogs and the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection along with four F1 hybrid cultivars. We measured 24 traits across 3 years and three locations to characterize the selected varieties and measure their phenotypic relationships. We identified a subset of 19 traits with heritability >0.5 and pairwise correlation coefficients not exceeding 0.9 for phenotypic analysis. Our results demonstrate that many historical accessions contain substantial genetic variation that should permit improvement from within‐population selection. Variety name and origin are often not useful indicators of phenotypic relationships or potential crop value, although Hickory King varieties have maintained their identity even following global dispersion. Cluster analysis identifies nine morphologically distinct groups within the varieties tested, which are largely in agreement with previously proposed landrace groupings. Our results suggest a complex intermixing of Southern Dents with other maize types, rather than a clear distinction between Southern Dents and Derived Southern Dents, however. Genetic analysis of larger samples of US open‐pollinated populations will help better define the natural classification of maize indigenous to the United States. Core Ideas: Open‐pollinated maize populations have lower yield potential but unique agronomic and culinary qualities.We evaluated maize open‐pollinated populations adapted to Southeastern United States to study their relationships.We identified phenotypically distinct sub‐groups of previously named maize taxonomic groups.We observed significant within‐population variation for all traits; these populations can be improved by breeding.Populations with distinct ear and kernel traits and with acceptable agronomic performance were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on time-restricted eating (TRE) as a dietary strategy to manage hyperglycaemia, exploring its potential benefits and practical implementation. Topics include the origins of TRE, its potential impact on glucose metabolism, and ongoing research investigating its efficacy compared to standard dietary practices in managing type 2 diabetes.

This paper focuses on interaction across and between the physical/digital divide. We use blending theory to design for these situations, otherwise known as conceptual integration. Initially, this paper offers a discussion of the literature around blends. From this literature, we applied Benyon's (Benyon, 2014) proposition of conceptual integration in mixed reality spaces (Blended Spaces) to consider interactions with the digital that complement the physical. We investigated blended spaces in partnership with undergraduate students during a live theatre festival. Our collaborators designed applications that applied blending principles, employing techniques drawn from speculative design. Outputs consist of speculative, narrative storyboards that use data gathered directly from stakeholder interviews and over 380 festival visitors. Our work led us to propose reworking Blended Spaces into a model that novice designers could easily conceive and apply. The work we conducted highlighted the need to consider user transitions from physical to digital and back again and highlighted the experiential nature of this type of interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This protocol describes a minimally invasive surgical technique and approach to successfully examine the gonads of live female American alligators as part of a reproductive examination used in conservation medicine and biology. Best practices are based on examination of over 80 American alligators in the last two years adapting principles derived from other reptilian megafauna species. This protocol is designed for appropriately qualified veterinarians and biologists working in the field. We show likely reproductive tract presentations with respect to breeding status and environmental cues to help guide interpretation of observations. The laparoscopic approach and findings presented here provide tools to safely clinically examine animals in a welfare-oriented way that will advance our understanding of crocodilian reproduction. This technique has not previously been described in this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic response of a zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer (TBL) to an active flow control actuator was experimentally investigated. The experimental TBL had a sufficiently low momentum thickness Reynolds number, such that there were no energetic organized large-scale structures in the outer region, as evidenced from measurements of the premultiplied wavenumber-frequency spectra. The periodically pulsed plasma actuator, placed inside the outer region of TBL, introduced a synthetic large-scale structure, and the boundary-layer response to this synthetic structure downstream of the actuator at select wall-normal and streamwise locations was investigated. The turbulence amplitude modulating effect of the synthetic large-scale structure, within the inner and log-linear regions of the boundary layer, was isolated and analyzed using a phase-locked analysis. The dynamic interaction of the synthetic large-scale structure and smaller-scale turbulent motions was quantified using a modulation coefficient, and a strong positive correlation within the inner and log regions of the boundary layer was measured. The streamwise development of the synthetic large-scale structure and its modulating effect on the near-wall turbulence across several streamwise locations are described. Profiles of the phase speed at these streamwise locations were extracted and were found to be constant within the log region, further confirming a strong coupling between the near-wall fluctuations in turbulence intensity and the synthetic large-scale motions introduced in the outer region. Overall, the turbulence amplitude modulation effect induced by the synthetic large-scale structure was found to be dynamically similar to the large-scale modulation measured in canonical TBLs at higher Reynolds numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falcataria falcata , until recently known as Falcataria moluccana and commonly known as albizia, is a large, fast-growing tree native to the Malaysian peninsula, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Solomon Islands. It has been introduced to, and become naturalized in, continental Africa, Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands. F. falcata is an early successional pioneer species that typically establishes via purposeful plantings. It readily spreads and outcompetes other tree species as a function of its symbiotic nitrogen-fixing capacity, copious long-lived seedbanks, and rapid growth rates. Due to their large stature at maturity (>30 m in height) and unstable architecture, F. falcata stands have the capacity to substantively alter the composition, structure, and function of lowland wet forests, and they pose a potent threat to both native forests and human communities across the Pacific. Despite negative aspects associated with its invasion, F. falcata has been harnessed for commercial profit and to increase soil fertility, particularly in its native range. F. falcata can be a component of productive agroforestry systems; the wood is used for firewood, as energy for industry, and timber in light construction. The nutrient-rich biomass of the tree is also used as mulch to increase crop production. However, given that mature stands were primarily responsible for millions of dollars of damage resulting from catastrophic tree fall during Tropical Storm Iselle on Hawai'i Island, and the potential interactions with climate change and development, managing this tree for its benefits as well as expanding research for its control is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the structure and trophic characteristics of zooplankton communities of the East Siberian Sea (ESS) was performed within the program "Marine Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic" during cruise 69 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh. The material was collected on two quasimeridional transects conducted in the latitudinal range ~71°00′–75°30′ N from the inner shelf adjacent to the Indigirka and Kolyma outfalls to the outer shelf during September 5–9, 2017. The list of species and larger taxa, as well as their biomass and trophic characteristics, are presented, and the peculiarities of cross-shelf distribution in relation to the conditions of the pelagic environment are described. The obtained estimates of the mezoplankton biomass in the ESS are on the whole within the range typical of the rest of the Siberian Seas in summer–fall. It has been established that mezoplankton communities of the western and eastern ESS significantly differ in quantitative characteristics, the role of dominant species and taxonomic groups in biomass, grazing impact of mesoplankton on the phytoplankton biomass and production, and features of the cross-shelf distribution of these characteristics. The boundary between the communities with different structural functional characteristics is located approximately at 160°–163° E. A conclusion is made that analysis of climatic and seasonal changes in ESS mezoplankton should be examined with allowance for the principal differences between pelagic biotopes and communities of the western and eastern parts of the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To enhance your knowledge of what the nursing degree apprenticeship route into nursing entails • To be aware of the challenges that nursing degree apprentices may experience during their programmes • To identify ways in which higher education institutions and employers can support nursing degree apprentices A nursing degree apprenticeship offers an alternative route into nursing from the traditional preregistration nurse education programme by enabling apprentice employees to work and study at the same time. This route could address some of the issues associated with attrition from preregistration nurse education programmes, such as financial challenges. However, nursing degree apprentices may experience other challenges, for example suboptimal work-life-study balance and inadequate support from employers and higher education institutions (HEIs), resulting in dissatisfaction with or non-completion of their apprenticeship programme. This article examines some of the literature on apprenticeships and suggests ways in which employers, HEIs and nursing degree apprentices can work together to improve the apprenticeship experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the humane use of slaughter methods we examined the clinical signs of life in 61 American alligators harvested on-farm using one of three methods: (i) captive bolt and spinal cord severance; (ii) electrostunning, spinal cord severance and pithing; and (iii) spinal cord severance and pithing. Loss of consciousness and the six clinical signs of life that can be used on-farm were assessed for evidence of irreversible unconsciousness and death at Time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min post slaughter. The brains of alligators from each slaughter method were removed to assess brain tissue disruption. A combination of loss of blink reflex, pupillary light response, jaw tone and respiration are a reliable on-farm tool for determining death. Heartbeat and withdrawal reflex persisted. Captive bolt and electrostunning methods were effective in immediately producing loss of response consistent with irreversible unconsciousness, subsequent death and destruction of neural tissue integrity in the mid and hind brain. They are therefore humane forms of slaughter in American alligators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

House mice (Mus musculus) pose a conservation threat on islands, where they adversely affect native species' distributions, densities, and persistence. On Sand Island of Kuaihelani, mice recently began to depredate nesting adult mōlī (Laysan Albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis). Efforts are underway to eradicate mice from Sand Island, but knowledge of mouse diet is needed to predict ecosystem response and recovery following mouse removal. We used next-generation sequencing to identify what mice eat on Sand Island, followed by stable isotope analysis to estimate the proportions contributed by taxa to mouse diet. We collected paired fecal and hair samples from 318 mice between April 2018 to May 2019; mice were trapped approximately every eight weeks among four distinct habitat types to provide insight into temporal and spatial variation. Sand Island's mice mainly consume arthropods, with nearly equal (but substantially smaller) contributions of C3 plants, C4 plants, and mōlī. Although seabird tissue is a small portion of mouse diet, mice consume many detrital-feeding arthropods in and around seabird carcasses, such as isopods, flesh flies, ants, and cockroaches. Additionally, most arthropods and plants eaten by mice are non-native. Mouse diet composition differs among habitat types but changes minimally throughout the year, indicating that mice are not necessarily limited by food source availability or accessibility. Eradication of house mice may benefit seabirds on Sand Island (by removing a terrestrial, non-native predator), but it is unclear how arthropod and plant communities may respond and change. Non-native and invasive arthropods and plants previously consumed (and possibly suppressed) by mice may be released post-eradication, which could prevent recovery of native taxa. Comprehensive knowledge of target species' diet is a critical component of eradication planning. Dietary information should be used both to identify and to monitor which taxa may respond most strongly to invasive species removal and to assess if proactive, pre-eradication management activities are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is one of the most common diagnoses among preterm infants. AOP often leads to hypoxemia and bradycardia which are associated with an increased risk of death or disability. In addition to caffeine therapy and non-invasive respiratory support, doxapram might be used to reduce hypoxemic episodes and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in preterm infants, thereby possibly improving their long-term outcome. However, high-quality trials on doxapram are lacking. The DOXA-trial therefore aims to investigate the safety and efficacy of doxapram compared to placebo in reducing the composite outcome of death or severe disability at 18 to 24 months corrected age. Methods: The DOXA-trial is a double blinded, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the Netherlands, Belgium and Canada. A total of 396 preterm infants with a gestational age below 29 weeks, suffering from AOP unresponsive to non-invasive respiratory support and caffeine will be randomized to receive doxapram therapy or placebo. The primary outcome is death or severe disability, defined as cognitive delay, cerebral palsy, severe hearing loss, or bilateral blindness, at 18–24 months corrected age. Secondary outcomes are short-term neonatal morbidity, including duration of mechanical ventilation, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and necrotising enterocolitis, hospital mortality, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics and cost-effectiveness. Analysis will be on an intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: Doxapram has the potential to improve neonatal outcomes by improving respiration, but the safety concerns need to be weighed against the potential risks of invasive mechanical ventilation. It is unknown if the use of doxapram improves the long-term outcome. This forms the clinical equipoise of the current trial. This international, multicentre trial will provide the needed high-quality evidence on the efficacy and safety of doxapram in the treatment of AOP in preterm infants. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04430790 and EUDRACT 2019-003666-41. Prospectively registered on respectively June and January 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on the development and initial feasibility of virtual assessment procedures for a sentence-writing probe for remote instructional purposes with intermediate-grade students. The study included a sample of 15 intermediate-grade children. The sentence-writing probe was administered through video conferencing software, an innovation of the times, across three sessions separated by 2 weeks. Scores derived from sentence probes included total number of words, a sentence accuracy score, and a word accuracy score, which were compared across time points. Results indicated no statistically significant differences across time points for the entire sample for all measures except the total number of words at Time 2. Measures obtained from the sentencewriting probe were significantly correlated with standardized measures of oral language. Findings from this study support the proof of concept that virtual assessment procedures can be used to assess sentence-level writing in intermediate-grade students. Future directions are provided regarding the utility of remote instruction for assessment purposes, the types of scores derived from measures, and future plans to scale up the assessment for use in research studies and as a curriculum-based evaluation tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This conversation analytic study explores a single case of a teenager's resistance to a parental threat. Resistance in the conversation analytic literature typically refers to an interactional move that displaces a sequentially relevant or normatively expected next action. A resistant turn, while not aligning with the ongoing course of action, also avoids overtly disaligning with it. In this paper, we make the case for a particular form of resistance that involves intercepting an action-in-progress. In our data, the teenager deploys this form of resistance as an alternative to either complying with or defying a parental threat. More specifically, our analysis shows how the threat recipient uses resources such as complex turn design, projectability and repair to anticipate and resist the projected trajectory of the sequence where the projected trajectory is compliance or defiance. The analysis also explores how participants invoke epistemics and deontics in this context as resources in resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the results of experiments in which flush-mounted pulsed-direct-current plasma actuator arrays were used to achieve skin-friction drag reduction on a NACA 63012A airfoil at a zero attack angle over the Mach number range of 0.3≤M∞≤0.5 corresponding to a chord Reynolds number range of 4.2×106≤Rec≤7×106. The objective of the experiments was to document both the level of drag reduction and the net power savings achievable over this Mach number range. The arrays were designed to produce a spanwise array of opposed wall jets confined to the turbulent boundary-layer buffer region. These served to intervene in the autonomous near-wall mechanism that produces buffer-layer streamwise vorticity and is largely responsible for high levels of friction drag. It was demonstrated that the actuator array produces unprecedented levels of friction drag reduction with significant net power savings. Perhaps most interesting was the observation that the actuator authority has to be reduced for increased Mach numbers in order to keep the wall jets confined to the turbulent boundary-layer buffer region. This gave rise to a net power savings that scaled as M3.5∞. Unlike many previous experiments with plasma actuators, these results show that this form of flow control would not be authority limited in actual flight applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing sector risk within factor portfolios has traditionally been viewed as a binary decision problem: to neutralise sector risk or not. Challenging this view, we introduce a novel conceptual framework that allows a continuum of choices, thus reframing the problem as one of optimising sector risk. Our approach begins by decomposing a factor portfolio into sector-neutral and sector-specific components, then recombining them using a mean-variance framework to create a sector-optimised factor portfolio. By dynamically optimising over time, the framework can exploit time- and state-variation in the component portfolios, resulting in substantial performance improvements over both standard and sector-neutral factor portfolios. Unlike the traditional formulation, where the merits of sector-neutralisation have been shown to be factor-specific, empirical analysis indicates that the benefits of our optimisation framework are not confined to any specific factors or methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, the South African Pensions Fund Act was changed to allow funds to allocate up to 45% of their portfolio to offshore investments. This is a material change to fund regulations and naturally prompts the question: what is the optimal offshore allocation? In this research, we implement two allocation frameworks commonly used in practice and show that such a question has no universally optimal answer and that any solution will be determined principally by five investment factors, with the most important of these being an investor's return objectives or risk limits, and the investor's ability to hedge currency risk. Based on these factors, we suggest practical guidelines to aid in setting strategic offshore allocation policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary bacterial infections present a significant health risk to those with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic-obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). With the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), novel therapeutics are desperately needed to combat the emergence of resistant superbugs. Phage therapy is one possible alternative or adjunct to current antibiotics with activity against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. How phages are administered will depend on the site of infection. For respiratory infections, a number of factors must be considered to deliver active phages to sites deep within the lung. The inhalation of phages via nebulization is a promising method of delivery to distal lung sites; however, it has been shown to result in a loss of phage viability. Although preliminary studies have assessed the use of nebulization for phage therapy both in vitro and in vivo, the factors that determine phage stability during nebulized delivery have yet to be characterized. This review summarizes current findings on the formulation and stability of liquid phage formulations designed for nebulization, providing insights to maximize phage stability and bactericidal activity via this delivery method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Particular populations within the UK housing sector (most notably social housing tenants) have been conceptualised as ‘flawed’ consumers (Bauman, 1998) subject to stigmatisation in governmental and popular discourses for failing to enact the correct forms of consumption within the ‘grammars of conduct’ of the housing system. These valorise home ownership, prudent financial management and maintaining and enhancing properties. The post-Grenfell cladding scandal in England has resulted in an entirely new population – long leaseholders of properties with dangerous cladding – becoming constructed as flawed housing consumers, reconfiguring problematic behaviour and shifting where responsibilities for resolving the cladding crisis should be located. This paper explores the governmental narratives constructing leaseholders as flawed consumers, tracing the ways in which this operates not just via explicit statements, but also policy inaction, and the affective outcomes this generates. The paper explores how affected householders construct their identity, agency, responsibility and consumption practices and their reframed understandings of the housing system and government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

England's "right to roam" continues to be a misnomer which is uneven in scope and inclusivity. While the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 opened access to privately owned mountains, moors, heaths, and downs, the changes were not as bold as they at first seemed and access was still restricted. The 2000 Act was representative of the contemporary atmosphere in which concern for accessibility and inclusivity was strongly qualified, with a focus on non-disabled walkers at the expense of others. Though physical disabilities were now better catered for, much less was said about intellectual disabilities, race, ethnicity, place, income, and transport. Such issues have gathered increased awareness in recent years, but more remains to be done if access to the countryside is to be more equal. This article examines how "right to roam" and access legislation developed, and how engagement with disabled people was limited from the outset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop production is becoming an increasing challenge as the global population grows and the climate changes. Modern cultivated crop species are selected for productivity under optimal growth environments and have often lost genetic variants that could allow them to adapt to diverse, and now rapidly changing, environments. These genetic variants are often present in their closest wild relatives, but so are less desirable traits. How to preserve and effectively utilize the rich genetic resources that crop wild relatives offer while avoiding detrimental variants and maladaptive genetic contributions is a central challenge for ongoing crop improvement. This Essay explores this challenge and potential paths that could lead to a solution. The wild relatives of domesticated plants harbor tremendous genetic diversity that has the potential to help adapt crops to changing climates and future challenges. This Essay looks at historical admixture between crops and their wild relatives, and how these traditional varieties provide an evolutionary filter that has selected for useful diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal wetland salinization related to warming climate has the potential to impact ecological systems globally. In Alaska, the Yukon‐Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) supports large concentrations of breeding water birds and is an ecologically important area for conservation of migratory bird biodiversity. On the YKD, the majority of waterfowl nest in low elevation coastal tundra where storm surges drive saline water into terrestrial wetland habitats. Because newly hatched water birds lack functional salt glands to process saline water, salinization may negatively impact their growth and survival.We investigated potential demographic impacts of wetland salinization by conducting controlled physiological experiments to determine consequences of saline water exposure to spectacled Somateria fischeri and Steller's eider Polysticta stelleri ducklings, and analysed habitat suitability based on experimentally defined tolerance thresholds and sampled wetland salinity levels.We found physiological and behavioural pathologies in <1 week old ducklings at exposure levels of 6 parts per thousand (ppt), and found some evidence of reduced growth in ducklings first exposed after 1 week of age. We conclude that the acute toxicity threshold for ducklings <1 week of age is ≤6 ppt.We found that the area of coastal tundra where wetland salinity exceeded 6 ppt varied considerably among years, suggesting that some portion of the breeding range is unsuitable for rearing ducklings in some years. However, we also found that most eiders in most years nested in areas with salinity at or exceeding the tolerance threshold for ducklings, suggesting that nesting eiders do not appear to avoid saline habitats. We suggest that localized fresh water refugia currently may allow resilience to salinization during the critical period.Understanding how species and habitats respond to climate driven changes is essential for predicting future patterns of distribution and abundance, and is necessary for making informed decisions about conservation priorities. Our study provides insights into the extent of wetland salinization in Alaska, mechanism of impact and current ecological consequences on avian communities depending on these habitats. With ongoing climate change, the probability of species crossing physiological tolerance thresholds of wetland salinity may change in the future. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Australia's obligation to investigate war crimes in the context of its obligations under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC). This obligation is contrasted with Australia's investigation of war crimes to date, with a particular focus on the current investigations into alleged war crimes by Australian Defence Forces in Afghanistan. The article then discusses the jurisdiction of the ICC, and the important effect of the principle of complementarity under Article 17 of the Rome Statute. The article concludes by assessing the future of war crimes investigations in Australia, drawing attention to the lessons which can be learned moving forward — both domestically and by other states facing allegations of war crimes committed by their own forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is writing a part of creatively understanding ourselves, research questions, data, and theory? Writing is a critical form of connecting concepts, exploring data, and weaving knowledge in qualitative research. In other words, writing is integral to theorizing. However, writing is not an individualistic process. Writing is a relational and creative epistemological weaving of thoughts and embodiments constructed by researchers and their interactions with mentors and instructors, participants, and theoretical proponents. In this paper we discuss this creative process by paying attention to each co-constructor of knowledge and the ways in which the weaving of knowledge was constructed through our shared and different journeys as doctoral student and instructor. Grounded in Gloria Anzaldúa's borderland and nepantla work, we will present our positionalities, interactions, and suggestions for fellow qualitative writers struggling to make sense of their writing and theorizing. Our hope is that doctoral students and veteran academics alike can benefit from this exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teaching in inclusive classes is a major challenge for chemistry teachers who have not been trained to do so. After an analysis of the realistic situation at schools, the following article uses a developed learning structure grid to show how, within the framework of a lesson on the introduction of particle presentation, it is possible to enable students to acquire chemical knowledge at the individual highest possible degree of complexity with the help of graduated support materials. The principle of working on the common subject applies here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly two decades since the detection of cyclopropenone (c -C3H2O) in the interstellar medium (ISM), the understanding of how this molecule comes to be remains incomplete. Many hypotheses place the ubiquitous hydrocarbon c -C3H2 at the centre of such discussions. However, insights into c -C3H2 chemistry are further complicated by the recent detection of ethynyl cyclopropenylidene (c -C3HC2H) and the observation of a radio line possibly belonging to methylenecyclopropene (c -C3H2CH2). In a necessary reconciliation of past and current work on the chemical capabilities of c -C3H2 in interstellar environments, the formation pathways of several functionalized cyclopropenes from c -C3H2 and a hydrogenated radical are explored. Chemically accurate CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVTZ-F12 calculations are used to evaluate the energies of reaction and generate structures along the reaction pathway for formation products deemed chemically plausible. Potential energy scans are used to include or rule out certain paths to product formation based on conformation to the necessary requirements of cold interstellar chemistry. Four functionalized cyclopropenes in addition to c -C3H2O have net exothermic reactions when forming from c -C3H2 (c -C3H2CC, c -C3H2S, c -C3H2NH, and c -C3H2CH2). The former three are found to have reaction profiles favourable for formation in the cold ISM, while c -C3H2CH2 can only form by passage through an association barrier that must be mitigated by an energy source of some kind. c -C3H2S and c -C3H2NH are the best candidates for new spectroscopic searches. A complete detection of c -C3H2CH2 is necessary to fully understand cyclopropenylidene chemistry in the ISM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the secondary successional pathways of Hawaiian lowland rainforest following anthropogenic disturbance. Whereas primary succession on lava flows has been well studied in Hawaii, secondary successional dynamics on disturbed habitats in the presence of nonnative species has been poorly researched and documented. Our study was based on two vegetation sampling efforts conducted on 200–400-year-old lava flows 2 and 27 years following a 400-hectare clearcutting operation in the Puna District of the southeast quadrant of Hawaii Island. Intact forest adjacent to the clearcut area provided a baseline to compare against succession dynamics in the clearcut area. The most important trees of the uncut primary forest, based on frequency, density, and dominance, were keystone Hawaiian forest species Metrosideros polymorpha , followed by Psychotria hawaiiensis, Psidium cattleianum, Ciboteum glaucum , and Cibotium chamissoi. Whereas early successional nonnative species dominated the initial vegetation colonizing the clearcut site, M. polymorpha, P. cattleianum , and Cibotium species were also present. Twenty-seven years later we found the clearcut site colonized by two distinct secondary forest types: M. polymorpha -dominated forest and Falcataria moluccana -dominated forest. Whereas M. polymorpha maintained a similar level of dominance in uncut primary forest and M. polymorpha -dominated secondary forest stands, it was nearly absent from F. moluccana -dominated secondary forest stands. Results demonstrated that the keystone Hawaiian native tree species can effectively reestablish across disturbed landscapes, but are unable to outcompete in areas where fast growing nonnative trees become established. This underscores the critical need to suppress early nonnative tree establishment in disturbed habitats if the objective is to reestablish Hawaiian native forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this collective biography, we follow the question: What does it do to think~post? We navigate~circle~un/do the entanglements of institutional and disciplinary boundaries and researcher identities, increasing striations of post-thinking within qualitative inquiry, teaching practices, ethics, and becoming. Our data include personal journals, crafts and collages, collective writing, dialogues, and images from a conference session where we engaged participants in our thinking. Our memory work enacts post-qualitative becomings, opening space for questioning and reflecting (&&&), undoing and unfolding individual subjectivities, and examining the vulnerabilities, tensions, and possibilities of becoming~post. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic has negatively impacted people living with obesity. The aim was to examine the continued impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of people living with obesity and associations with food insecurity, loneliness and health‐related behaviours. Methods: The study recruited 1187 UK adults living with obesity who completed an online survey, which examined mental health and associations with food insecurity, loneliness and health‐related behaviours from July 2020 (end of the first lockdown in the United Kingdom) to the point they completed the survey in 2021. Regression analyses were used to examine relationships between outcome variables and demographic factors, and hierarchical linear regression models were used to assess levels of loneliness, depression and well‐being. Results: Participants reported worse loneliness, depression, well‐being and food insecurity compared to pre‐COVID. However, participants reported attempting to lose weight, healthier food shopping, diet and increased physical activity. Quality and quantity of sleep deteriorated compared to prior to COVID‐19. Conclusions: Adults living with obesity in the United Kingdom report a continued negative impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic upon their mental health together with increased loneliness and food insecurity. However, our findings suggest that UK adults living with obesity have increased their engagement in positive health behaviours and were attempting to lose weight. Key points: People living with obesity are actively attempting to improve their health‐related behaviours since the first COVID‐19 lockdown.Better mental health was associated with healthier food shopping and diet, increased physical activity and better sleep.Food insecurity and loneliness were higher among people living with obesity than previously reported in the general population.The findings have implications for policymakers and healthcare professionals regarding the importance of continuing mental health support and addressing food insecurity and loneliness, both now and as the pandemic evolves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Customer loyalty has signifi cantly evolved over the last decade, specifi cally with social media platforms. Marketers engage customers regularly with an omnichannel approach, which allows brands to interact with their customers, whether person-to-person or person-to-community. Customer loyalty is characterised in the literature as a psychological process whereby a customer’s loyalty attaches towards a specific service or brand. Over time, customer loyalty contributes to consumers’ behaviour and preference for a specific brand or service. Therefore, a company should consider formulating or developing an appropriate business intelligence strategy to drive customers towards loyalty and increase their engagement with its brand. Furthermore, psychological shopper behaviour might expand and improve current research towards a customer perspective by distinguishing how customers are incentivised during their brand activity ventures, suggesting that customer loyalty and customers’ judgements of businesses have a notable positive impact. As such, brands should identify what their businesses centre their attention on or what their attraction is. For a brand to understand and identify the best loyalty strategies for its target customers, the business must use the opportunity to enable the brand to develop new innovative approaches. These approaches continuously drive brand loyalty through sales by creating a competitive advantage in the market. Customer loyalty has become more than just a strategy for business or marketing. It empowers the consumer to be engaged throughout their initial interaction and purchase journey and become loyal to the brand. This engagement journey can help a brand to establish and grow due to the continuous support from consumers. The general aim of this study was to determine the nature of the relationship between customer engagement factors and brand loyalty. The study identifi ed fi ve customer engagement factors from the literature (brand reputation, social media, word-of-mouth, customer experience, and merchandising) with a view to investigating their role in brand loyalty. It is noteworthy that these factors are well-documented in a pre-Covid-19 environment; the question remains, however, whether these factors will still be valid and reliable in a Covid-19 business environment? This study aims to determine a response to precisely that question. In a quantitative research design a self-developed questionnaire was used to measure each one of these factors on a fi ve-point Likert scale. All these factors and their respective measuring criteria were validated empirically using exploratory factor analysis. The social media platform Instagram was used to initiate a snowball sample, and a total of 135 social media participants responded by completing the online Google Forms questionnaire. The respondent profile shows that brands’ social media page is the most preferred method of brand communication. This is followed by email, SMS and telephonic communication methods, with the latter being, in fact, clearly disliked. It was found that respondents prefer email, followed by SMS or the social media platform to receive brand communication; however, communication via telephone conversations is disliked. As consumers, respondents find brand advertisements memorable once they have seen them on different platforms or channels of communication. The most memorable channel is social media (having a recall rate of 62.2%). A total of 71.9% of participants first read the reviews of a new product that was launched. After that, they find a way through word-of-mouth or a brand community to make an informed discussion before purchasing the product and listening to what other consumers share on review platforms. The data are reliable (α≥0.70) and the sample was deemed adequate (KMO≥0.70). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationships between customer engagement factors and brand loyalty. The results indicated that there are significant (p≤.05) positive relationships for the factors brand reputation (r=.262; p≤.05), social media (r=.430; p≤.05), word-of-mouth (r=.309; p≤.05), and visibility (r=.340; p≤.05). The model explains a satisfactory cumulative variance of 65.1% (R² =0.651). The factor, customer experience, however, should be reconsidered because this antecedent did not significantly influence a consumer’s loyalty to a brand. As such, exploratory factor analysis was used to determine whether there are other factors that determine brand loyalty. Eight factors were identified, explaining 63% of the variance cumulatively. These factors are visibility of merchandise, brand reputation, brand trust, brand references (outside the shop), advice (inside the shop), brand ambassador, the purchase experience, and personal choice. The eight new factors make more sense as factors to manage brand loyalty. Management should rather focus on these factors than concentrate on the initial fi ve factors indicated in the literature. Possible areas for future research are to investigate the age and demographic areas with regard to how the participants could have viewed their opinions. A more centralised focus towards different ages, groups or generations such as Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, Boomers, and the Silent Generation can also be investigated to compare or illustrate which engagement strategy is most infl uential towards their brand loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores women's experiences in academia through collective biography from a feminist, transdisciplinary, intersectional frame. Crosscutting disciplines, classifications, and subject positions, we use dialogue to explore the nuances of what it is to be a woman in academia, and the experiences of building and developing community as women. We draw on data from a fall 2020 focus group where we each were part of a course in designing qualitative inquiry, as well as our reflections, memos, and conversations in dialogues that followed. These dialogues are accentuated with footnotes that function as a concurrent playlist of research, art, and music reflecting women's lives and experiences. We use poetic transcription and audio poetry to offer the texture of our experiences, offering both methodological and empirical implications for studying and researching women's experiences in academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Global COVID-19 vaccinations rates among youth and adolescent populations prove that there is an opportunity to influence the acceptance for those who are unvaccinated and who are hesitant to receive additional doses. This study aimed to discover the acceptance and hesitancy reasons for choosing or refusing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Methods: A scoping review was conducted, and articles from three online databases, PubMed, Wiley, and Cochrane Library, were extracted and screened based on exclusion and PICOs criteria. A total of 21 studies were included in this review. Data highlighting study attributes, characteristics, and decision-making dynamics were extracted from the 21 studies and put into table format. Results: The results showed that the primary drivers for accepting the COVID-19 vaccine include protecting oneself and close family/friends, fear of infection, professional recommendations, and employer obligations. Primary hesitancy factors include concerns about safety and side effects, effectiveness and efficacy, lack of trust in pharmaceuticals and government, conspiracies, and perceiving natural immunity as an alternative. Conclusions: This scoping review recommends that further research should be conducted with adolescent and youth populations that focus on identifying health behaviors and how they relate to vaccine policies and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]