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Introduction: Anredera cordifolia is a plant recognized as a non-conventional food plant. In folk medicine, it shows promise, being used in the treatment of skin diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Objectives: to map the properties of the Anredera cordifolia plant in the therapeutic process of non-communicable chronic diseases. Materials and methods: The study was based on the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The search was conducted in the Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases in 2022 and updated in 2023. Selection criteria were primary studies, in any language, country of origin, and publication year, conducted with humans, animals, and/or cellular models, in a laboratory context, focusing on the properties of the plant. Selection was performed independently by two reviewers using the Rayyan software. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Results: In the 27 included articles, the results demonstrated that the plant has positive properties in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and cataracts, as well as being beneficial in controlling cholesterol, triglyceride, and uric acid levels. The main therapeutic properties identified were hypoglycemic effect and reduction in serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. The plant also showed beneficial effects on the healing of diabetic wounds, reduction in heart rate, and obesity. Conclusions: Chronic diseases with evidence on the use of the plant include hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, obesity, and cataracts. Additionally, the plant has beneficial properties regarding clinical markers such as triglycerides, cholesterol, and blood glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a semi-solid Tea Tree Oil (TTO) form at 2 % and 2,5% concentrations for treating periodontal disease. Method: A preclinical test in a sample of 30 mice with ear edema induced by croton oil was divided into two groups to compare treatment with Indomethacin and Diclofenac. Results: TTO at 2,5 % concentration showed a higher inhibition activity of inflammation (54,74 %) than TTO at 2 % (51,21 %). Statistical analysis showed no significative differences between treatment combinations (p>0,05). Conclusions: The tea tree oil in semi-solid form, applied in 2 - 2,5 % concentration in this preclinical study, showed consistent anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic non-communicable diseases are related to lifestyle and are an important component of the epidemiological transition, correlated with the demographic transition seen in the population profile. With a view to achieving comprehensive health care, the Ministry of Health recommends the use of Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health (PICS) in the services of the Care Networks. The objective was to report the experiences of a PICS training program, with workshops on medicinal plants and condiments, aimed for health professionals in the city of Coxim, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil and academics from a Higher Education Institution. The Training Program was planned through alignment meetings between the proposers of the action, and the content was based on the National Policies on Integrative and Complementary Practices, Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics, Food and Nutrition. Next, there was publicity and the opening of registrations for the target audience. There was the direct participation of 21 participants. Among these, the majority reported having no prior contact with this topic during their academic training. The workshops had a theoretical-practical component, with applicability in health units being presented and demonstrated. These actions are extremely important to promote health and healthy habits and enhance popular knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroecology is introduced as a transformative tool in education, extending beyond agricultural practices to encompass social, political, environmental, and economic issues. The integration of agroecology and medicinal plants in schools is seen as a way to promote education that inspires environmental action and responsibility. The article aims to explore the integration of agroecology and medicinal plants in schools as part of an education that fosters environmental awareness, sustainability, and knowledge about the use of medicinal plants. The research explores the richness of Brazil's genetic biodiversity, popular knowledge about medicinal plants and their potential for pharmaceutical use. It emphasizes the importance of environmental education as a transformative tool across different educational levels, highlighting the school garden as a way of involving students in preserving the environment. Agroecology is discussed as a transdisciplinary and transformative approach that promotes sustainable agri-food systems. The inclusion of medicinal plants in school gardens is considered a means to encourage meaningful learning and the formation of environmentally conscious citizens. The integration of agroecology and medicinal plants in schools is proposed as a promising initiative. Sustainable education is deemed essential for the development of environmentally aware and committed citizens. The school garden is presented as a pedagogical tool that strengthens teamwork and has the potential to raise students' awareness of environmental preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equines, being herbivorous animals, are predisposed to gastrointestinal parasitoses because they are in contact with the soil, are the traditional plants are recognized as possessing anthelmintic activity. The present study evaluates an anthelmintic action of Musa sapietum in horses, naturally infected by gastrointestinal parasites. Thirty-eight horses between 3 and 10 years, of different sexes and races, and naturally infected by helminths, were used near the municipality of Silva Jardim, RJ. The treatment consisted in the supply of leaf blades of the M. sapientum species. With the alimentary tract and the results for the EPG count were prior to the experiment (day 0) and fulfilled during 5 days of treatment and at 7, 14 and 21 days after the closing of the offer of leaves of M. sapientum. The supplementation of Leaves of Musa sapientum to the diet proved to be useful in the control of large equidae strongylids, revealing us to be a good herbal alternative in a traditional way in the anthelmintic control, however there is a need for phytochemical studies to evaluate the active components that act effectively on nematodes. The applied methodology was innovative for the equine species and proved useful, deserving adjustments in management techniques, as well as the time and volume of administration, as well as in relation to the interval between applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe the experience of use and clinical evolution of patients with acute bronchitis treated with Hedera helix EA575 syrup for seven days. Methods: A descriptive observational study based on clinical records, which included patients between 2-14 years old with acute bronchitis prescribed by their doctor Hedera helix EA575 syrup. Sociodemographic data and the time of evolution of the cough were taken from the baseline consultation. Treatment-related variables, BSS-Pediatric Scale, visual analogue cough scale, and verbal descriptive cough score were taken from the follow-up. The satisfaction with the treatment and its success were evaluated after 14 days. Results: 80 patients between 2 and 12 years old were included. The median number of cough days was eight days. After 7 and 14 days of treatment, 50% and 76% had resolved the cough, respectively. On day 14, coughing was frequent without interfering with activities in 1 patient. The BSS-pediatric score decreased at each follow-up. Median day-and-night cough VAS was zero for day 14. Awakenings due to coughing decreased from 3 at baseline to 0 per week. 98.75% of the patients were satisfied with the treatment, and none presented adverse events. Conclusions: After seven days of treatment, half of the patients had resolved cough and night awakenings; it is suggested that treatment with Hedera helix EA575 could be beneficial and of low risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Currently, awareness of nosocomial infections has increased and the species Staphylococcus saprophyticus has been showing a problem in clinical trials because it is associated with these infections. In dentistry, natural products have been extensively studied due to the search for products with greater pharmacological activity. In this sense, Melaleuca alternifolia, a plant native to Australia, presents itself as of great medicinal importance for its proven bactericidal and antifungal action against several human pathogens. Its essential oil has an inhibitory action against the spread of bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics and present in hospital infections. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial and non-adherent activity of the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia against the clinical strain of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Methodology: Assays were performed using broth microdilution techniques in 96-well plates to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and inclined tube technique to determine the Minimum Adhesion Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) to glass, in the presence of 5% sucrose. Results: It was observed that the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia has a strong antibacterial activity, classified by the CIM against the strain of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The CBM of 512 demonstrated that this oil acts as a bactericide and bacteriostatic for the same strain. As for CIMA, a value of 1:4 was observed, being equal to 0.12% Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Results: The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia has strong bacterial activity, behaving as bactericidal and bacteriostatic against the clinical strain of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Os ectoparasitos são responsáveis por ocasionar perdas econômicas para produção animal. A resistência desses ectoparasitos aos acaricidas impulsionou a busca por alternativas de controle eficazes e que ocasionem o mínimo impacto ambiental, destacando-se a fitoterapia. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia in vitro do óleo essencial da folha de Corymbia citriodora sobre Bovicola ovis (Schrank, 1781). Foram coletados 900 espécimes de B. ovis e encaminhados ao Laboratório de Parasitologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA). Os piolhos foram distribuídos nos seguintes grupos experimentais (tratamentos): G1, óleo essencial de C. citriodora (OECC) na concentração de 1000 mg/ml; 500 mg/ml; 250 mg/ml; 125 mg/ml; 62,5 mg/ml; 31,2 mg/ml e 15,6 mg/ml; G2, Tween 80 (3%) (controle negativo); e G3, amitraz 1,25 g/mL (controle positivo). Os dados foram expressos em eficácia média ± desvio padrão (SPSS versão 23.0) e diferenças estatísticas dos grupos experimentais foram obtidas pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman. A concentração efetiva para inibir 50% (CE50) e 90% (CE90) da população foi determinada por Regressão de Probit, com nível de significância de P<0,05. Foram obtidos 100% de mortalidade sobre os piolhos para as quatro primeiras concentrações testadas. Os valores da CE50 e CE90 foram de 30,41 e 118,18 mg/mL, respectivamente. O óleo essencial de C. citriodora apresentou efeito pediculicida in vitro sobre B. ovis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Candida tropicalis is a frequent agent of candidemia in Brazilian hospitals, being the second most commonly isolated species. Infection by this agent can occur in patients of all ages, but it affects adult and elderly patients more frequently. Candidemias are related to animals. Consequently, drugs that affect fungal cells can also affect human cells, making it difficult to treat fungal infections. The increase in resistance to antifungals alerts to the need to expand strategies that prevent their dispersion among fungi, as has already happened with bacteria, which are found to be distributed and out of control. Therefore, new forms of studies on therapeutic alternatives are necessary, herbal medicines can be used as a new treatment option. Objective: to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the chloroform phase of Raphiodon echinus on Candida tropicalis strains. Metho-dology: the method of determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used on the broth microdilution technique. Results: a MIC50 of 256 µg/mL was obtained for the fungus strains. Conclusion: in this way, it is possible to observe the possible use of this substance for further treatment of diseases caused by Candida tropicalis yeasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: to determine the toxicological and antimicrobial activity of the Crude Dry Extract (EBS) from the leaves of Annona muricata (L.). Methodology: the alcoholic EBS of Annona muricata L. leaves was performed, which was submitted to the evaluation of toxicity based on the mean lethal concentration (LC50) and on the Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility (FOE). Antimicrobial activity was analyzed using the Inhibitory Potential (IP) test. Results: the EBS of the leaves showed activity against S. mutans at all concentrations tested. The LC50 of this species was 265.66 µg/mL. The FOE at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL was 31.28%, indicating high toxicity. Conclusion: in view of the above, the microbiological and toxicological activity of Annona muricata (L.) was verified, which indicated inhibitory activity against S. mutans. Regarding its toxicological potential, there was a profile that can be used, provided it is used with caution. Emphasizing the need for further studies on the subject that may include the plant in the clinical practice of local communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides plants and animals, the fungal kingdom consists of several species characterized by various forms and applications. Fungi are amazing producers of bioactive natural products with applications in medicine and agriculture. Though this kingdom has been extensively investigated worldwide, it remains relatively underexplored in Africa. To address the knowledge gaps, encourage research interest, and suggest opportunities for the discovery of more bioactive substances from African fungi, we considered it appropriate to extensively review the research work carried out on African fungi since 1988. This review summarizes the diversity and distribution of fungi throughout Africa, the secondary metabolites yet reported from studied fungi, their biological activities and, the countries where they were collected. The studied fungi originated from eleven African countries and were mainly endophytic fungi and higher fungi (macrofungi). Their investigation led to the isolation of five hundred and three (503) compounds with polyketides representing the main class of secondary metabolites. The compounds exhibited varied biological activities with antibacterial and antiproliferative properties being the most prominent. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alternative therapies using medicinal plants and herbal medicines have been growing worldwide, as natural treatments have low cost and less toxic effect compared to conventional drugs available. Aim: To evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity and ex-vivo genotoxicity of Brazilian species of the Malvaceae family: Waltheria viscosissima A. St. Hil. In vitro methods were used to verify the cytotoxic potential through hemolytic and antihemolytic assays and the ex-vivo genotoxic analysis. Results: The Crude Etanolic Extract (CEE) and Cloroformic Fraction (CF) was obtained in vegetal sample used on this study; the CEE-Wv and CF-Wv products exhibited the lowest cytotoxic potential with hemolysis less than 40% in all concentrations evaluated. A moderate anti-hemolytic effect was described in all samples treated with 500 and 1000 µg/mL, with hemolysis <60 %. In addition, the compounds showed low ex-vivo genotoxic effect with a general index of normal cells greater than 84 % at all concentrations. Conclusion: The results suggest a low toxic profile of the compounds obtained from species of the Malvaceae family, indicating safe limits for the use of these natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viral infections continue to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alarmingly, the number of patients diagnosed with viral infections is increasing every year. The vast majority of viral diseases lack therapeutic and prophylactic treatment despite the development of some products and the number of basic investigations carried out. While commonly used antivirals often show limited efficacy and serious adverse effects, plant extracts have been used medicinally since ancient times and are known for their antiviral properties and more tolerable side effects. Terrestrial plants represent a promising source of compounds capable of inhibiting the replication of different viruses through direct inhibition or immunomodulatory mechanisms. The most recent evidence demonstrates the antiviral properties of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19. This review addresses the antiviral activity and modes of action of several phytochemicals against viruses with clinical and epidemiological importance in human health. An epigraph was assigned that addresses the different plants used in the treatment of COVID-19. Searches were made in several electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and in Scientific Journals such as the Journal of Virology and the Journal of General Virology, in search of articles published in English that addressed the subject in question. The data presented in this review highlight the potentialities of multiple compounds found in terrestrial plants for the treatment of viral infections. All of which, in the current epidemiological context, is of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acinetobacter baumannii is a multi-drug resistant microorganism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of the pomegranate natural extract against eight strains of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii and to assess the extract cytotoxicity in a culture of Human Keratinocytes (HaCat). Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory and minimum microbicidal concentrations of the extracts. The extract antibiofilm action was analysed by the MTT colorimetric test. The cytotoxicity evaluation was performed by the MTT colorimetric test, which analysed the mitochondrial cellular action, after contact of the extract for 5 min. The results were statistically analysed by ANOVA and Tukey test with a significance level a= 0.05. Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) extract had antimicrobial action on all the 8 clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii evaluated. The extract showed a significant reduction in metabolic action in biofilm for all the strains, with results statistically different from growth control (p=0.05%). P. granatum extract applied for 5 min on human keratinocytes (HaCat) promoted cell viability in all the tested concentrations. The pomegranate extract is effective in reducing the multidrug-resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumanni and is biocompatible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the therapeutic alternatives available for the treatment of helminthiases are restricted to a low number of synthetic drugs that are classically used on a large scale, thus causing the resistance of several parasites. Seeking to optimize this problem, and often because it is the only option in low-income populations, the use of medicinal plants against parasites is the subject of several studies. Momordica charantia L. is a plant species with notorious pharmacological activities described in the literature, among which the anthelmintic activity stands out, which is mainly associated with the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The optimization of extractive processes through the most suitable choice of solvents and also the best methodology helps directly in obtaining rich fractions of the compounds of interest, as well as in a better yield of the extract to be used in pharmaceutical forms. Techniques that employ speed in execution, and even those that result in longer contact time between drug: solvent are reported here, as well as the use of solvents ranging from water to the most nonpolar organic compounds. The designation of a specific marker for quality control purposes is also an important factor and, as much as the plant species have a variety of constituents, the selection of a standard such as quercetin has been observed as the most common in the use of techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: medicinal plants are a useful and accessible therapeutic resource to solve health problems. COVID-19 has been the most difficult health challenge that man has faced in the XXI century and to combat it he has resorted to all possible therapeutic options, including medicinal plants. Objective: to describe the use of medicinal plants against COVID-19 in the Municipality of Santa Clara. Methods: an exploratory descriptive study was carried out in Santa Clara, Villa Clara Province, during the months of January and February 2021. Random surveys were applied to people from three popular councils and the use of medicinal plants for this disease was investigated. The different treatment protocols proposed by the Ministry of Public Health and other scientific literature on the subject were reviewed in order to contrast the results obtained. Results: 60 people were surveyed, with a predominance of women and medium level of schooling. 55% referred to the use of the drug. Fifty-five percent reported the use of homemade or pharmaceutical phytopreparations for possible symptoms or as a preventive measure. The most commonly used plants were Aloe barbadensis (aloe vera), Plectranthus amboinicus (French oregano), Citrus aurantium (orange) and Allium cepa (onion). This coincides with that established in the treatment protocols proposed in Cuba from version 1.2. The review of scientific literature showed the proposal of the mentioned plants and others with the purpose of treating symptoms and raising people's immunity (or both). Conclusions: the population of Santa Clara employs medicinal plants and their preparations to prevent and treat symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 in correspondence with what has been established in Cuban treatment protocols. Bibliographic reviews corroborate these medicinal uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental biofilm is a complex structure formed from the adhesion of various microbial cells to the film acquired on the dental structure. These cells adhere to each other while synthesizing an extracellular matrix, becoming a highly organized community, which makes it difficult to remove and promotes resistance to antimicrobials. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the oral biofilm can cause an disturb in the microbiota, facilitating the beginning of a disease process. Aim: To evaluate the non-adherent ability of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus citriodora against Staphylococcus aureus strains. Results: It was possible to observe that the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus inhibited the formation of the biofilm with a Minimum Adhesive Inhibitory Concentration (MAIC) similar to 0.12 % chlorhexidine digluconate, both of 1:8. The essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora did not prevent bacterial adherence to the tube walls in any evaluated concentration. Conclusion: Only the essential oil of the species Eucalyptus globulus has nonadherent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and can be used as an alternative product to control the biofilm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Brazil is a country with the greatest plant biodiversity, there are still shortcomings regarding phytotherapy studies and their practical application. In Brazil alone there are 65 plants with psychoactive principles, and Heteropterys tomentosa, from the ethnobotanical point of view, is one of the most famous plants in the Midwest region, it is known for its aphrodisiac, physical and mental invigorating and depurative properties. The objective of this review was to point out the number of scientific articles published about the benefits of using the plant H. aphrodisiac in interactions with the musculoskeletal system. A consultation was performed in 10 databases: Embase, Scopus, Pubmed, Livivo, Science Direct, Web of science, Cochrane, Koreamed, Lilacs and Clinical trials for the elaboration of a systematic review, for this there was no limitation of time, language or type of study. Results: the search described found 111 articles, all primary studies; of these only 5 original studies (4.5%) were included in the review. Positive adaptations were observed in bones, tendons, muscles and hormone release, which resulted in improvements in exercise time and load, delaying fatigue and increasing functional capacity. However, the scarcity of studies, pointed out several gaps, opening space for other works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthelmintic resistance has been a major obstacle in sheep farming, given this problem, other tools have been used as an alternative to control gastrointestinal parasites, among them, herbal medicine with the use of vegetable oils and extracts stands out. The objective of the present work was to evaluate in vitro the bioactivity of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae) on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Three dilutions of the aqueous extract were tested: 100%, 50% and 25% with three repetitions per treatment, forming two control groups, a negative control (distilled water) and positive control (Albendazole). The negative control larvae cultures revealed infective larvae of the genus Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus, with a predominance of the first genus. The aqueous extract of the leaves of H. suaveolens at a concentration of 100% showed effective in vitro bioactivity against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (SGUM) describes the symptoms and signs of the vulvo-vaginal and lower urinary tract, of a chronic and progressive nature, secondary to a clinical state of hypoestrogenism that characterizes postmenopause. The present review aims to describe and analyze the different nonhormone therapeutic alternatives, with their advantages and disadvantages, in order to offer readers a full range of options when establishing treatment in a woman with SGUM. A database search, including original research, expert consensus, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The current evidence for various pharmacological and nonpharmacological (non-hormonal) therapeutic modalities has been reviewed, finding that moisturizers and lubricants are the first line of therapy to provide short-term relief of vaginal dryness (mild to moderate) and dyspareunia; however, treatment must be individualized. It is concluded that there are numerous treatments available, each with benefits and limitations. Substantial gaps in the scientific evidence for safe and effective therapies are highlighted, as well as the need for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to drug treatment, many patients use medicinal plants to treat hypertension and diabetes, often without knowledge of efficacy and safety. Thus, this research investigated the prevalence of the use of medicinal plants by diabetic and hypertensive patients and analyzed its association with sociodemographic variables. An epidemiological, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with 300 hypertensive and diabetic patients attended by the Ouro Branco health unit, in Umuarama-PR, who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and on the use of medicinal plants. Most patients were women, with low education and family income. Regarding the use of medicinal plants, 27 species were mentioned, but only 7.7% patients used them in a recommended manner. Hypertensive and diabetic patients make use of medicinal plants without knowledge of the correct preparation and the potential of these species to cause adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Menstruation, a gynecological bleeding that occurs periodically in the absence of pregnancy, is associated with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), characterized by physical and emotional changes such as irritability, cramps, low back pain, headache and mastalgia. Since those symptoms impacts the women routine, self-medication becomes a frequent practice. However, the drugs traditionally used for this purpose can cause side effects, such as: gastrointestinal and renal changes, cardiovascular risk, thromboembolism, among others. Considering the importance of natural ways of pain management for the female population, this study aimed to observe how integrative and complementary practices affects PMS symptoms in Northeastern Brazilian women and discuss evidence about the benefit of these practices. A questionnaire about PMS was applied, and the results was achieved by frequency analysis and Pearson's Chi-Square Test, using the IBM SPSS Statistics program. The results showed high prevalence of symptoms associated with PMS among study participants and significant impact in social life and productivity at work. It can also be seen that the adoption of practices such as yoga, aromatherapy, meditation, and herbal medicine contribute to the relief of PMS. Since phytotherapy has become quite efficient in this sense, evidence was sought in the literature about the properties of the herbs most used by the sample studied. It was concluded that routine consumption of herbs with antiinflammatory and analgesic properties has much to contribute to improving the quality of life of the female population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endoparasitism, particularly infections by gastrointestinal nematodes (e.g., Haemochus sp.), has been associated with economic losses within sheep production systems in tropical regions. Thus, implementing therapeutic alternatives that are environmentally sustainable is essential for parasite integral control programs. Objectives: Evaluate in-vitro the effect of Momordica charantia methanolic extract on the Haemonchus sp. eggs' hatching process. Methods: Nematode eggs were retrieved from experimentally infected sheep and exposed to 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/mL of methanolic extract of M. charantia. Hatching percentages were recorded from five replicates, and CL50 and CL90 were estimated through Probit regression analysis. Results: A significant effect on the hatching percentages were observed, from 24.2% up to 84.6% inhibition (p<0.05). The LC50 and LC90 estimated were 52.2 mg/mL (95%CI 37.87-63.22) and 201.45 mg/mL (95%CI 186.01-221.89), respectively. Utilizing a preliminary phytochemical analysis, potential antihelmintic compounds such as alkaloid, triterpenes, and anthracenic glycosides groups were identified in the methanolic extract. Conclusions: In the in-vitro test, the methanolic extract of M. charantia was effective in inhibiting the hatching of Haemonchus sp., which is important to promote other bio-guided fractionation studies of this plant on different life stages of H. contortus, this being a plant species widely adapted to the conditions of the piedmont (foothills) of Meta, Colombia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: considering the importance of natural products of traditional use, the work proposed the evaluation of quality parameters and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the gargle produced at the Popular Education Center (Cenep), Nova Palmeira (PB), and used for the treatment of oropharynx and tonsil disorders. Methodology: Three gargle samples were analyzed, in order to evaluate the microbiological aspect, the count of viable microorganisms was performed, by pour plate method. Materials and methods: The evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro against S. pyogenes was performed using the agar diffusion method and the physicochemical parameters determined were pH, dry residue, density, as well as phytochemical characterization. Results: They had microbial counts within the limits established by the pharmacopoeia. The antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes had inhibition halos ranging from 10.5 to 18.6 mm for diluted and pure samples, respectively. The physical-chemical parameters showed pH 4.39 ± 0.16; the dry residue of 14.43 ± 1.00; and the density of 1.013 ± 0.010. The phytochemical profile was characterized by the presence of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Conclusion: Thus, the gargle was suitable for use, considering the microbiological, physical-chemical, phytochemical parameters presented, as well as the proof of antimicrobial efficacy suitable for the proposed therapeutic use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional groups that inhabit the Northeastern region, especially the rural ones, of the Caatinga Semi-Arid region, have an empirical knowledge, which is passed on between generations, maintaining a link with the medicinal flora. The study aimed to carry out a floristic survey of medicinal plants, native and exotic species used by residents of Parari-PB, as well as a study of the socio-economic condition of the population. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, investigating which vegetables are grown by families and the socioeconomic situation. The population of the municipality consists mainly of farmers, retirees, and municipal civil servants. Regarding medicinal plants, 13 botanical families were used to control respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary disorders. Also, the therapeutic indications of the plants made by the raizeiros are scientifically proven. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents considerations about the relevance of gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) infections in ruminants, covering also the importance of antiparasitic drugs in the control of helminth infections and some other alternatives. This document describes a conceptual and historical view of the development of routine GIP control and the process of development of drug resistance. As an alternative to the low efficacy of some products, a detailed description was made of the use of essential oils (EO) and their bioactive compounds in the control of GIP in ruminants. The production of EO from plants, goes through the chemical composition, techniques of extraction of components, mechanism of action and assays for the validation of their activity, including the anthelmintic activity. The present document brings, in its second part, a more detailed description of two species of the genus Mentha, focusing on their biology, chemical composition and the mechanism of action of their EO. Within this topic, the species of Mentha vilosa and M. piperita are better studied, as well as their chemical composition and bioactive components carvone and limonene. At the end, it is discussed the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques that are useful to identify compounds present in EO. It was also included the details about nanoemulsion technologies and their advantages in obtaining a more stable formulation, less toxic to the host, with a great potential to increase anthelmintic efficacy against GIP, for the development of new herbal bioactive and ecofriendly compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated the use of extracts plants to control Escherichia Coli causing bovine neonatal diarrhea. Two strains of E. coli isolated from neonatal diarrhea samples were used. After identification of the bacterium, antimicrobial susceptibility was verified in vitro, followed by the calculation of the multiple antimicrobial resistance index (IRMA). The ethanolic extracts of: Guava, Pitanga, Earl Fruit, Acerola, Soursop, Pomegranate, Neem, Jenipapo, Lychee, Tamarindo, Jambo and Cider were tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined using the plate microdilution method, where they were tested at various concentrations. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined after obtaining the minimum inhibitory concentration results, and then the survival curve was calculated. Both strains tested showed higher resistance to antibiotics Ceftazidime, Amicacin, Tobramycin, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin + Clavulanate, Cefoxitin and Cefotaxime and showed multidrug resistance. Regarding MIC and MBC, the extracts that showed antibacterial action were Pitanga, Tamarindo, Pomegranate, Jambo and Jenipapo. When the survival curve was evaluated, the extracts of Pitanga, Tamarindo, Pomegranate stood out against the two studied pathogens. It was concluded that the E. coli strains tested showed multiresistance, which demonstrates the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, and that the use of extracts plant extracts was effective in the concentrations studied and could be used as alternative treatments against bovine neonatal diarrhea caused by E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of endo and ectoparasites can affect livestock, causing poor animal performance and low welfare conditions. Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongyloidae), Rhipicephalus microplus (Ixodidae), Cochliomyia sp. and Lucilia sp. (Calliphoridae) are some of the most important parasites to livestock in Brazil and in many other tropical and subtropical countries, where farmers need to be vigilant. Although a constant parasite control uses large-spectrum anthelmintics or synthetic insecticides, giving a timely potent reduction of the infections, they also represent a threat to the lifespan of these compounds due to drug-selected parasites. Thus, the development of plant-based therapies is a solid alternative for standard, agroecological, and holistic farming systems, as well as it is an important ally to combat drug resistant parasite populations. In this article, we discussed the scientific literature on plant extracts, notably hydroalcoholic extract or essential oils, used for the control of the above livestock parasites published in the last 13 years. Our objective was to pinpoint the most important issues for this promising area of research, exploring the potential and the challenges that are facing us by examining more than 150 in vitro and in vivo studies. Almost all the authors reported positive data from plants or isolates, the most important challenges that were faced during our search were the lack of a proper experimental study design, and the deficiency in the characterization of the plants used. It is our opinion that plant-based products may be a solid choice for parasite control in livestock animals achieving high welfare standards and mitigate farming input (i.e. use of chemicals and their waste into the environment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to investigate and recover the traditional knowledge about the vegetal resources, the management, the preparation, and the therapeutic indication of the medicinal plants used in the Barreirinho Community, Santo Antônio de Leverger, Mato Grosso (MT). The qualitative and quantitative study used the pre-test, direct observation, guided tour, interviews, absolute and relative frequencies. It was identified 141 medicinal species, belonging to 60 botanical families, and, among them, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Asteraceae were the most representative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional herbal remedies are naturally occurring, plant-derived substances with limited to no chemical processing and have been used in local or national healing traditions to treat illness. In global health debates, traditional herbal medicines are gaining considerable attention. Many hope new research into herbal medicine will play a vital role in global health. Countries like China, India, Nigeria, USA, and also the World Health Organization (WHO) made large investments in ancient herbal medicines. Currently, the use of the Indonesian plant has dramatically improved the medical and dentistry field. The dental and oral care is often related to wounds, and the Ambonese banana stem has been proven as an effective treatment for these injuries. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the Ambonese banana stem sap through cytotoxicity tests on the fibroblast cell culture of Baby Hamster Kidney-21 (BHK-21). This study was carried out on three BHK-21 fibroblast cell culture, namely, the media and cell control, and the Ambonese banana stem sap with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60 %, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC and 5% CO2. Then, MTT was evenly dispersed on the media to obtain accurate optical density value. All quantitative data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD Test. The result showed significant differences in optical density values between groups with p = 0.000 (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between the cell control and the Ambonese banana stem sap group with concentrations of 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. It was also observed that the Ambonese banana stem sap is nontoxic to fibroblast cells since its viability value was more than 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to develop and characterize the gel based on Aloe vera for the Manoel Casado de Almeida Pharmacy School. The research was done at the Education and Health Center off the Federal University of Campina Grande, located in the city of Cuité (PB). For the quality control, chemical physical tests were carried out as determine pH, apparent density, viscosity, spreadability and centrifugation test. The gel demonstrated acceptable physicochemical characteristics exhibiting pH 5, bulk density 0.1018 (± 0.0008), viscosity above 10 000 cP, and adequate stability. Complementary studies on microbiological quality are suggested, to give safety on their therapeutic potential in wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to high levels of parasite resistance to different commercial active ingredients, new control alternatives are being studied, including the phytotherapy. These measures aim to search for auxiliary methods in the control of parasitic diseases. However, there are many products available in the market and there are no scientific proof of its efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and hepatic effects following administration of Neem pie (Azadirachta indica) in sheep. Three concentrations of Neem cake was added to the mineral salt (1, 2 and 4 %) and administered during 126 days to 32 Lacaune breed sheeps, divided into four groups: three groups for different treatments and a and a control were tested, the ladder receiving only mineral salt. Blood samples were taken every 21 days to perform the complete blood count, serum total plasma protein and fibrinogen and liver biochemical evaluation. In those same times, fecal samples were collected for quantification of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Statistical differences between times and groups for several variables were observed, but without being related to the administration of Neem pie. The results of complete blood count, measurement of total plasma protein, fibrinogen and hepatic clinical biochemistry indicated that administration of Neem pie at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4%, does not interfere in hematological values, or on the integrity and liver function Lacaune sheep breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal helminthiasis cause severe losses to sheep farming, an activity of great importance in generating income in the Brazilian Semiarid region. Alternative methods of controlling these diseases should be widely encouraged. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Luffa operculata (Cabacinha) on sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the Semiarid of Paraíba State, Brazil. The in vitro experiment was conducted at concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12, 6 and 3% of infusion and decoction extracts. Later the larval motility was evaluated in optical microscope, 10x objective, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the beginning of the test. For the in vivo experiment, eighteen animals were used, divided into three groups of six animals. Both decoction and infusion groups received 1 mL of the extract/kg of body weight; and the control group received only distilled water. During 42 days, counting of the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), coprocultures and packed cell volume determinations (PCV%) were weekly performed. The in vitro experiment presented a reduction in both extracts, obtaining reductions of up to 90% of infective larvae. In the in vivo experiment, however, it was not observed efficacy of the extracts in reducing sheep nematode infection. Haemonchus contortus was the most prevalent in the coprocultures and PCV% presented within the physiological values. It was found that L. operculata, despite showing efficacy in vitro, didn't showed efficacy in vivo in the controlling of the sheep gastrointestinal nematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of plants in herbal medicine is an alternative to traditional medicine due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, potentially effective in the healing process. Objective: The study evaluated, by histological analysis, the potential of aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava and Myrciaria cauliflora in the repair of second intention wounds. Method: Twenty adult female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of five animals each. The animals received daily topical treatment in 6 mm diameter lesions. The groups were: Positive Control (CP) - aqueous solution of Bepantol® 5%; Negative Control (CN) - sterile bidistilled water; Experimental Groups (GO) - aqueous extract of guava stem bark at 10% and (JU) - aqueous extract of jabuticaba leaf at 1 g/mL. Five and ten days after injury, tissue fragments containing the wound were collected and fixed in formalin. Sections of 5 μm thickness were performed and stained with HematoxylinEosin for analysis by microscopy. From a qualitative analysis there are no differences in the kinetics of wound closure, since the use aqueous extract and Bepantol®, allowed faster reepithelization and fewer acute inflammatory cells. At 10 days, in JU group, an advanced repair process was observed, with good vascularization and low inflammation, and in the GO group, scar formation is suggested to be smaller than that of the other groups, with deposition of collagen fibers closer to the intact skin. Conclusion: Considering the results obtained in the present study, at day 5 and day10, there is no evidence that any treatment was in fact impacting and significantly altering the woud healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Myrciaria dubia on oral microorganisms. Materials and Methods. A systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines was conducted through searches of studies published between 2008 and 2018 in Pubmed, LILACS, SciELO, ProQuest, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. Results. Eleven (11) in vitro studies were gathered; all the studies showed positive antimicrobial activity on gram-positives, mainly by each of the parts of its fruits. However, such activity compared to chlorhexidine in only two studies, and, in another study, it was better than an antibiotic. A high risk of bias was detected in most studies. Phenolic compounds, including polyphenols and acylphloroglucinols, were identified as responsible for its activity. Conclusions. There is evidence of antimicrobial activity in M. dubia. Its study as an antimicrobial against oral microorganisms is still incipient, but there is great potential thanks to the potent phytochemicals it contains. Also, additional quality studies are required: comparing their activity versus oral antiseptics and on microorganisms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to analyze the main herbal medicines that are used in the treatment of obesity and marketed in a pharmacy of manipulation. The same was done through a bibliographical research and data collection of the main phytotherapics marketed in that establishment, through the control of sales and delivery of these medicines. The study of obesity in contemporary society has been playing an increasingly important role over the years. During the last two decades, changes in the social and economic structure of society, such as the processes of modernization, urbanization and all technological innovations, have led to changes in daily habits. Obesity is currently one of the most serious public health problems in the world, being a progressive and chronic disease, characterized by the excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the individual, due to the imbalance between the exaggerated calorie intake and the lower energy expenditure, evidencing a increase the mass of fat in the body. It is vital that obesity is recognized as a public health problem, and can be started at any age and described as a multifactorial disease of origin. In the face of this problem, alternative therapies arise, in which phytotherapy is emphasized, which enables both slimming, acting through the "fat cell break" (lipolysis) and in the balance of the physiological functions of the organism, as well as helping in the reestablishment of self-esteem, since it is very compromised when associated with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cancer also known as neoplasia, are invading cells, characterized by the progressive and abnormal increase of the cells. It is known that the treatment for this type of disease is usually done through radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgeries. In order to treat several diseases, including cancer, there is a progressive increase in the use of herbal medicines in medicine. Faced with this growth, not only the population, but also health professionals need reliable information about the possibilities of herbal medicines. The objective of this work was to report the use of plants, as complementary therapy in the treatment of cancers, emphasizing that this work is relevant due to the large number of people who are affected by various types of neoplasias today, since it is a pathology that does not discriminate age, sex and ethnicity. The work proceeded from a bibliographical review on the theme medicinal plants for the alternative treatment of cancers. Medicinal plants are considered to have definite effects on diseases or symptoms. Knows itself the importance of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases, including cancer. With this, the present work came to contribute with the knowledge about certain indications of some plants very used in Brazil and in the world. More studies with various medicinal plants are needed in order to discover new plants that are effective in this treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monotherpenes play an important role attributed to the therapeutic effect of compounds of plant origin. Due to this it has increased use of the computational tools as a means to assist in the evaluation in the early stages in the planning of a new drug, analyzing in advance the in vitro and in vivo tests its pharmacological properties, bioavailability and toxicity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the monoterpene Borneol its pharmacological, toxicological and bioavailability effect under an in silico study model. The free software PASS Online®, Admetsar and Molinspiration were used in the study for in silico activities of monotrene borneol, in order to evaluate the pharmacological, toxicological and bioavailability activities by means of predictions. The results showed that the Borneol molecule has 10 possible pharmacological activities related to Dentistry, such as antiinflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral (herpes); presenting low risk of theoretical oral toxicity and being carcinogenic; besides respecting the five rules of lipinski, thus having good oral bioavailability. The in silico study of monoterpene Borneol demonstrated that this compound had several possible biological effects on the human body as well as good oral bioavailability and a low theoretical risk profile of presenting oral cytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is an epidemic that increases every year and impairs the health of the affected population, which is more propitious to develop other diseases. The sedentary lifestyle and the imbalance between the consumption and the energy expenditure are the main causes of the weight gain. One treatment option is the use of herbal medicines, such as green tea, which has been consumed for many years in several countries and widely studied in the scientific field. Camellia sinensis, a plant that originates green tea, has biologically active constituents that are favorable to the slimming process. Surveys prove their benefits in this regard, but also reveal that the union of green tea with changing habits, dietary reeducation and physical activities produces a more effective result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe - Zingiberaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant whose rhizome is widely marketed due to its food and industrial use, especially as raw material for the manufacture of beverages, perfumes, confectionery products and medicinal properties (exciting, stomach and carminative). Numerous properties of ginger have been proven in scientific experiments, citing antiinflammatory, antiemetic and anti-nausea, antimutagenic, antiulcer, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, among others activities. The objective of this study was to review the literature on therapeutic properties and potential clinical applications in health and dentistry. The great majority of the studies demonstrated that the essential oil of Zingiber officinale presents antibacterial properties against several species of gram positive and gram negative bacteria like Klebsiella, Pseudomonas and Streptococcus, many of them related to the formation of the bacterial biofilm; anti-oxidant properties important both in the food industry and in action on bacteria; their anti-adherence of the bacteria on the studied surfaces. In addition, Zingiber officinale still acts antifungal (C. albicans). In short, these findings provide a basis for the possible discovery of a broad-spectrum biofilm inhibitor. More controlled studies need to prove such properties so that their use is clinically more accessible and widespread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the reality and importance of hospitals in health networks and the several problems and difficulties involved in management and assistance of these health services, reflections were developed over the possibilities of giving attention to quality, resolutive and humanized hospital health care based on the integrality and singularity, within the scope of the Brazilian Unified Health System (UHS), by conducting qualitative, theoretical, bibliographic and documentary research. Considering the complex thinking, axes of reflection were developed, and from those, flows of interactivity and focuses of look direction. There were stablished, as lines of reflection, the hospital historical-social constitution, the health humanization and management; as interactivity flows, permeating among and through the axes, the possibilities of humanized hospital management and assistance and of health practices in the hospital based on the interlocution among the popular, cultural, social and individual dimensions, with the scientific, technical and bio-medical ones. The focuses of look direction involved religiosity, singular therapeutic project, and integrative and complementary practices - specifically the use of medicinal plants and phytotherapy - in the context of hospital care at UHS. The metonymic directions were related to the possibilities of constituting hospitals, with resolutive and quality health attention, based on humanized management and assistance, with a dialogue of practices and knowledge beyond the legitimized and standardized in health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sida planicaulis, popularly known as "vassoura", is very common in Curimataú Paraibano, although little studied in relation to its antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of the crude ethanolic extract and its phases: hexane, chloroform, aceto- and hydroalcoholic phase of the plant on the filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae, Exophyala werneckii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Cladosporum 2B3 and Microsporum canis. The antifungal activity was verified by the propagation technique in Agar. Incubation was carried out in a bacteriological oven at 28°C for 7 to 15 days. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the values of the inhibition halos, the concentration of the Minimal Inhibitory by the microdilution technique, where all testes were performed in triplicate. The results showed antifungal activity against the microorganism Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the values of the inhibition halos varied between 15 and 36 mm, Third, species of extract and phases are not an antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the samples used are specific to the inhibitory plane against the fungus T. mentagrophytes, but did not obtain the units used for the development of a new antifungal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of medicinal plants by the Brazilian population is a traditional practice, and is often the only resource used in basic health care. Within the context of the new instrumental analytical techniques, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy stands out, being used mainly for areas where the rapid profile of constituents is indispensable. The medicinal plants used in this study were: Brazilian arnica (Solidago microglossa D. C.), chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert), Chilean boldo (Peumus boldus Molina), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) and Brazilian ginseng (Pfaffia Paniculata (Martius) Kuntze). This work aims to qualitatively analyze, through X ray fluorescence, the elemental composition of selected medicinal plants that are commonly marketed in the state of Rio de Janeiro. By means of the generated energy spectra, Ca, K, Fe, Zn, Ni, among others, were observed. The Chilean boldo, camomila and arnica samples presented a large number of photon counts for Ca and K, while the lemongrass showed a high number of photons for Fe and Ni. However, one of Chilean boldo samples was highlighted as worrying, due to peak in the spectrum, referring to energy that corresponds to a heavy metal, lead (Pb). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Federal Nutrition Council (FNC) regulates that the prescription of medicinal plants and medicinal teas is allowed to all nutritionists. In this context, it becomes extremely important to observe the implementation of the content on Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy in the curricular matrix of the Political Pedagogical Project of the Course (PPPC) of graduation in Nutrition, considering that, the nutritionist, even without specialty, can prescribe them. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the teaching of Phytotherapy in the curriculum of the courses currently recommended in the state of Piauí by Higher Education Institutions (HEI). This is a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach. In the research were included HEI that regularly offer the graduation in Nutrition course with a concept recognized by the Ministry of Education (MEC), besides containing the open access of the curricular matrix, the disciplines offered in all the periods of the course, including the disciplines considered optional. The state of Piauí counts on eleven HEI with a regular offer of the graduation course in Nutrition. Of these, two are public and federal institutions, while the other nine comprise private colleges or university centers. Regarding the curricular matrix of these institutions, it was observed that approximately 73% (n= 08) didn't have compulsory subjects about the teaching of medicinal plants and phytotherapy, as well as in elective subjects. It's concluded that few curricular matrices of the graduation courses in Nutrition in the state of Piauí offer compulsory subjects about medicinal plants and herbal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Federal Nutrition Council (CFN) regulates that the prescription of medicinal plants and medicinal teas is allowed to all nutritionists. In this context, it is of paramount importance to observe the teaching of the content referring to Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapy in the formation of the professional nutritionist, considering that, even without specialty, can prescribe them. Therefore, this study aimed to carry out a review of the literature about the insertion of Phytotherapy in nutrition courses. This is a bibliographic review study carried out in Pubmed, Lilacs and Google academic databases, conducted from August to September 2018, with the following search strategy: "Phytotherapy", "Teaching" and "Nutrition", in Portuguese and English. We included studies on the subject between the years of 2013 to 2018. The results demonstrated that the practice of phytotherapic prescription by nutritionists had been impaired considering that this topic is not much approached in undergraduate subjects that subsidize the prescription of herbal medicines. It is concluded that it is necessary to discuss the inclusion of this theme in the curricular matrix of the students, between the Ministry of Education and Higher Education Institutions, which offer this course, thus contributing to the training of professionals working in the field of herbal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most dispensed phytotherapeutic products in Spain are laxatives. Anthracenic laxatives such as aloe vera (Aloe spp.) or cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshianus) could be involved in drug interactions due to the risk of hypokalemia caused by their continued use. Objectives: To carry out an analysis of the dispensing situation of these laxatives and detect potential interactions in pharmacies of the Province of Seville. Material / Methods: A descriptive, observational study made from 14 Pharmacy Offices, through the application of a questionnaire about the use of medicinal herbs. The potential interactions described in the EMA and ESCOP monographs were identified, and the risk factors for them (advanced age, polymedication and frequency of use) were analyzed. Results: The sample was constituted by 252 patients. 24.6% (n=62) consumed anthracene laxatives, more than 50% daily. The percentage of association with other drugs was 70%. Potential interactions have been identified in 40% (n=26) of the patients, based on the association of the laxative with diuretic drugs, with drugs that could prolong the QT interval, or with both at the same time. In all of them, the existence of one or several Risk Factors for Interaction (FRI) was detected. *Conclusions: The results obtained show the need for updated training by community pharmacists on the benefits and risks of these phytoterapics products. Its protocolized dispensation would favor the identification of possible pharmacological interactions and their safe and rational use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the analgesic effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Pereskia lychnidiflora, the prospection of secondary metabolites and the toxicologic analysis. Materials and Methods. Analgesic activity was evaluated by testing acetic acid and formalin in NIH mice at a concentration of 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, using Ibuprofen control at 200 mg/kg and distilled water as the target. Secondary metabolites were prospected using the thin layer chromatography method and the toxicity of the extract was evaluated in vivo according to the maximum dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight. Results. Phytochemical prospecting determined the presence of alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes, and sterols as major chemical constituents. The ethanolic extract of Pereskia lychnidiflora was found to have an analgesic activity similar to ibuprofen. No signs of toxicity were observed in the experimental mice and the extract is classified as non-toxic with a DL50 greater than 2,000 mg/kg. Conclusions. The ethanolic extract of Pereskia lychnidiflora has an antiinflammatory analgesic effect that could be conditioned by the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and sterols (terpenoids) present in this species and can be classified as non-toxic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]