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Highlights • Measured the VLE data of C 2 H 5 I + ethanol, propionic acid and ethyl propionate. • The thermodynamic consistency was tested by the Herington area and Van Ness method. • VLE data were correlated by using NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson model. • The VLE data provide a reference for separating ethyl iodide. Abstract Isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for the binary systems of ethyl iodide with ethanol, propionic acid and ethyl propionate at 101.3 kPa were measured in an Ellis equilibrium still, and the thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was checked by the Herington area method and Van Ness method. The non-random two-liquid (NRTL), universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC), and Wilson models were applied to correlate the measured VLE data. All three models represent the experimental values quite well. The system (ethyl iodide + ethanol) presents a minimum azeotropic boiling point at 101.3 kPa, in which the azeotropic temperature and composition are 336.08 K and 63.445 mol% (ethyl iodide). The azeotropic behavior was not found in the other two systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The photoionization of C 2 H 5 I under light field were studied by SR-PIMS and PEI. • The stepwise dissociation of C 2 H 5 I under synchrotron radiation was studied. • The dissociation pathway was determined according to experiments and calculation. The stepwise dissociative photoionization of ethyl iodide(C 2 H 5 I) has been investigated via synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry and photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. By using VUV synchrotron radiation as excitation source, the photoionization and stepwise dissociative photoionization of C 2 H 5 I were observed by tuning the photon energy from 8.5 to 14.0 eV. The ionization energy of C 2 H 5 I was measured to be 9.33 ± 0.05 eV, and the appearance energies of C 2 H 5 +, C 2 H 4 +, C 2 H 3 + were also determined according to the photoionization efficiency spectra. The possible pathways of the stepwise dissociation of C 2 H 5 I were determined by combining the experiments with theoretical calculation based on DFT. Finally, the multi-photon ionization process of C 2 H 5 I molecule was further studied via intensity-dependent photoelectron imaging spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While methanol carbonylation has been extensively studied, higher alcohol carbonylation has received relatively little attention, even though, for example, ethanol carbonylation could be a useful route for the production of propionates. Here we use Rh/Na13X to investigate the vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol with an ethyl iodide co-feed. In the base case, the catalyst is ∼40% selective to propionates, with the remainder forming ethylene and diethyl ether. Deposition of additional alkali can increase selectivities to ∼60%. Isotopic labeling of ethyl iodide demonstrates reversible formation of ethyl iodide from ethanol, and that preferential incorporation of ethyl iodide initiates the Rh-catalyzed carbonylation cycle. XPS and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy are consistent an active anionic Rh I iodide species at a zeolite exchange site. This proposed structure and the attendant catalytic reaction network are directly analogous to those of classic solution-phase Rh catalysts and other supported Rh catalysts. However, important differences are noted in the reaction orders and apparent activation barrier, which suggest that the rate of ethyl iodide formation is overall rate limiting under these conditions and for this catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reported a headspace gas chromatographic (HS-GC) method for the determination of ethoxyl in ethyl cellulose. A 0.5 mL sample of hydroiodic acid (57%) was added to ∼20 mg samples in a closed headspace test vial (20mL) for 30 min at 120°C, for the quantitative cleavage of ethoxyl with hydroiodic acid (HI) to form ethyl iodide. After the reaction, the excess amount of HI in the vial was neutralized by injecting a sodium hydroxide solution, and then the ethyl iodide in the vial was determined by headspace gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector. The results showed that the method has an excellent measurement precision (RSD <0.5%) and accuracy (recovery = 98.6 ± 0.5%) for the quantification of ethoxyl content in ethyl celluloses. The present method is simple and accurate, which can be used for the efficient determination of ethoxyl substitution in ethyl cellulose related research. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: A rapid and sensitive method for quantifying iodine in intact starch granules using gas chromatography is described with detection limits as low as 0.2% (w/w) iodine in starch. Sample preparation includes NaBH4 reduction of the various iodine species associated with starch to the colorless soluble iodide ion, followed by its quantitative derivatization to EtI using in CH2Cl2. Identification and quantification of EtI is carried out by extraction and injection of the EtI so generated in CH2Cl2 into a gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). Routine quantification of EtI was then performed using GC with a flame ionization detector (GC–FID). Results for different iodine:potassium iodide ratios of the initially bound iodine and for seven different starch matrices showed that in all cases regression coefficients for the standards were high (R 2 >0.96). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,5-Dicyano-2,6-diethylthiopyridine has been synthesized by the alkylation of cyanothioacetamide with ethyl iodide in DMF and its molecular and crystal structures have been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]