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During the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II, clock towers and fountains built within the scope of the modernization process of the Ottoman Empire stood out as important symbols reflecting the social transformation of the state. Especially on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the sultan's accession, these structures became widespread all over the Ottoman geography. Diyarbakır (Diyarbekir) assumed a central role in this process and under the leadership of Governor Halid Bey, both traditional Ottoman foundation culture and modern architectural understanding were successfully brought together through foundation and charity projects. This study examines the social and cultural reflections of the 25th accession anniversary celebrations of Sultan Abdulhamid II, modernization moves and the role of Ottoman foundation culture in this process through clock towers, fountains and other public structures held in Diyarbakır. The celebrations and ceremonies described as Şehrayin reveal how Ottoman modernization was implemented at the local level and how the people in the provincial regions participated in this process. In this study, both Ottoman modernization and Sultan Abdulhamid II's understanding of social service were examined in the context of Diyarbakır, and the socio-cultural dimensions of the process were analyzed in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greenhouse gas emission values obtained from agricultural activities such sa tillage, pruning, spraying, fertilizing, harvesting and transporting etc. are not at a negligible level when compared to other sectors. Each practice has an energy input amount. There have been studies on many agricultural products all over the World. Therefore, the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) emissions associated with agricultural processes were compared in this study with selected berry, nut and citrus fruits. As a result; when the greenhouse gas emission equivalent values are examined on a fruit basis, strawberry fruit has 34517.75 kg CO2-eq per ha amount has the highest input. Wolfberry fruit also follows strawberry fruit with a value of 20718.66 kgCO2-eq per ha. The minimum greenhouse gas emission equivalent is in tangerine fruit with 399.89 kg CO2-eq per ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the survival dynamics of Lactobacillus plantarum BG24, a probiotic strain, within reconstituted skim milk (RSM) and yeast extract (YE) matrices during the spray–drying (SD) process, encompassing of inlet/outlet air temperatures. Notably, optimum SD parameters were found to be an inlet air temperature of 150°C and outlet air temperature of 83°C, that achieving high viability (92.23%), and reducing both moisture content (MC) (3.57%) and water activity (aw) (0.266). The use of soy protein isolate (SPI), gum Arabic (GA), RSM, maltodextrin (MD), sucrose (SUC), and lactose in binary mixtures or alone was investigated in terms of the best survival rate of probiotic bacteria, and RSM alone and RSM + GA and SPI alone were found to be the best drying carriers giving higher viability during SD. SD at optimum process temperatures and freeze drying (FD) were compared in the survival rate of probiotic bacteria in the carrier of RSM with YE, and FD samples showed a higher survival rate (97.69%) than SD samples. It was determined that the storage temperature (4°C and 20°C) had an impact on the glass transition temperature, MC, aw, and cell viability. Increased storage temperature led to a greater decrease in cell viability, especially for SD probiotic powders. These findings furnish critical insights into the intricate interplay among process parameters, carrier agents, drying techniques, and storage conditions, thereby elucidating avenues for refining probiotic preservation strategies within the ambit of SD, and by extension, in the domains of food and pharmaceutical sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, our aim was to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine the social anxiety level of people regarding COVID-19. A total of 420 people participated in the research. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to test the validity and reliability of the scale. As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale consisted of 22 items and four sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions were named "negative thinking", "sociability", "fear" and "vaccination". In examination of the fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis results, it was seen that the four-factor scale structure was high and acceptable. Based on these results, we concluded that the COVID-19 social anxiety scale (CAS) was valid and reliable for examining the level of social anxiety of people during the pandemic periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bidirectional DC–DC converters play a crucial role in enabling the transfer of energy between low-voltage and high-voltage sides, a fundamental requirement in applications like vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle scenarios. The motivation behind the application of common ground converters is the quest for enhanced reliability and safety while also seeking to prevent electromagnetic interferences and address the issue of d v d t between the input and output sides. This paper introduces an enhanced SEPIC converter with a common ground configuration, incorporating a quadratic switched-inductor cell. This innovative design allows for both voltage step-up and step-down operations in both directions of energy flow. The converter exhibits substantial gains and efficiency. To validate the theoretical findings, a 300W laboratory prototype of the converter was constructed and tested. Control and switching operations are managed by a DSP-based microcontroller operating at a sampling speed of 80 Mb/s, utilizing a fuzzy logic control technique. The Arvin converter, as suggested, offers numerous advantages that can be encapsulated as follows: It introduces a common ground-based high-gain topology, governed by a simple fuzzy logic controller, thus eliminating the requirement for intricate current and voltage equations for circuit elements. It makes the bidirectional energy flow possible and adopts a cost-effective, non-isolated configuration with a reduced count of semiconductor devices and passive components. The designed circuit was named ARVIN in honor of my 7-year-old son. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Given the limited studies on types of vaccination and infection rates among health care workers (HCWs) in Türkiye, we analyzed the demographic, clinical, and vaccination characteristics as well as the attitudes of HCWs who have been infected with COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed demographic and clinical data on breakthrough COVID-19 infections in HCWs from hospital surveillance data collected between April 5, 2020, and November 1, 2022. The comparison was based on four subgroups that consisted of unvaccinated, one-shot-vaccinated, homologous vaccinated, and heterologous vaccinated individuals. Participants who received various combinations of Sinovac/CoronaVac and/or BioNTech/Pfizer vaccines were compared for detection of COVID-19. Results: During a 33-month period of 744 HCWs who contracted COVID-19, women (65.3%) and nurses (28.9%) were the most affected, followed by doctors (25.8%). Of the infected HCWs, only 1.3% required hospitalization, 0.3% required ICU support, and 98.4% were outpatients. By vaccination status, 143 of the HCWs (19.2%) were unvaccinated, 292 (39.2%) were homologously vaccinated, 294 (39.5%) were heterologously vaccinated, 15 (2%) received a single shot, 206 (27.7%) received two shots, and 165 (22.2%) received three shots. All HCWs contracted COVID-19 at a mean of 134- days (range:1-539) after vaccination. While the proportions of homologously and heterologously vaccinated HCWs were similar, the time elapsed from vaccination to contracting COVID-19 varied (mean 143.4±106.7 vs.126.4±82.43 days). Conclusions: Among both outpatients and inpatients with COVID-19, women HCWs outnumbered men HCWs. HCWs who received homologous vaccination contracted COVID-19 later than those who received heterologous vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern real-world control problems call for continuous control domains and robust, sample efficient and explainable control frameworks. We are presenting a framework for recursively composing control skills to solve compositional and progressively complex tasks. The framework promotes reuse of skills, and as a result quick adaptability to new tasks. The decision tree can be observed, providing insight into the agents' behavior. Furthermore, the skills can be transferred, modified or trained independently, which can simplify reward shaping and increase training speeds considerably. This paper is concerned with efficient composition of control algorithms using reinforcement learning and soft attention. Compositional and temporal abstraction is the key to improving learning and planning in reinforcement learning. Our Thompson sampling inspired soft-attention model is demonstrated to efficiently solve the composition problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, functional polymeric filters are prepared by electrospinning using four different non‐ionic polymers or their blends together with deliberately selected additives, and then tested for quantification of the nano‐sized powders. Particle gravimetry is used for the quantitative determination of the dusts. Validation studies are carried out using the ICP‐OES technique. The polymeric fibers prepared with different contents consist of PS/PMMA, PVDF/EC/PMMA, chitosan, chitosan/PMMA and PMMA/PVDF, respectively. The ionic liquids of tetra‐n‐butylammonium tetrafluoroborate, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide are used as additives for the preparation of the functional polymeric fibers. The prepared nanoscale dusts and electrospun fibers are characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS, and size distribution analysis techniques, respectively. Among them, the CTAB‐modified chitosan fibers exhibit the highest dust retention efficiency. This study introduces a new approach to the quantification of nano‐sized powders. In addition, it is concluded that the proposed method can be used in pre‐concentration before testing, cleaning powders from the working environment and quantitative analysis of nanoscale powders. The presented materials can also be used to improve indoor air quality and potential worker exposure in workplaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schwannomas commonly occur in the head and neck region but are rarely seen in the gastrointestinal tract; the stomach and small intestine are the most commonly involved sites. These tumors are usually misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) before histopathological confirmation due to radiological similarity. GI schwannomas show positivity for S100 protein and vimentin but are negative for CD 117 and CD 34, which helps in differentiating the tumor from GISTs. Case 1: a 70-year-old woman was referred to our hospital by complaints of abdominal pain and discomfort. Upper GI endoscopy demonstrated a protruding lesion at the lesser curvature of the gastric body, and fine-needle aspiration biopsy showed chronic inflammation without malignancy. Since the lesion was suspected to be GIST, this patient had surgery, and a gastric schwannoma was resected successfully. Case 2: a 66-year-old female with anemia and abdominal discomfort was found to have a submucosal elevated mass at the greater curvature of the antrum. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was suggestive of a spindle cell tumor resembling GIST. The patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Histopathology confirmed schwannoma. It is necessary to differentiate gastric schwannomas from other submucosal tumors of the stomach, especially GISTs. Surgical complete resection of schwannomas usually has a good prognosis with a low probability of recurrence. Though rare, gastric schwannomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of submucosal gastric tumors because the correct identification of this tumor type helps in proper management and evasion of unnecessary extensive surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we show that unmodified titanium electrodes bearing the naturally-forming native TixOy coating display superior activity for the electroreduction of oxalic acid to glyoxylic acid and glycolic acid compared to Ti-based electrodes that have been deliberately modified for this purpose, in terms of both oxalic acid conversion and overall yields of reduced products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to determine preservice elementary mathematics teachers' solution performance of systems of linear equations using geometric representation, algebraic representation and transition from geometric representation to the algebraic representation and the predictive role of preservice elementary mathematics teachers' performance of different representation usage on their systems of linear equations self-efficacy perceptions. The research follows the prediction model, which is one of the relational screening models. The data were obtained by using the 'Systems of Linear Equations Self-Efficacy Test' developed by Kardes [Kardeş, D. (2010). Matematik öğretmen adaylarının lineer denklem sistemleri çözüm süreçlerinin öz-yeterlik algısı ve çoklu temsil bağlamında incelenmesi [An investigation of the processes of pre-services mathematics teachers? Solving systems of linear equations within the context of self-efficacy and multiple representations] [Master's thesis]. Marmara University. Turkish Higher Education Council thesis repository (#264144). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/] and the 'Systems of Linear Equations Performance Test' developed by the researchers. Because of the research, it was found out that preservice teachers' algebraic representation performances and their self-efficacy perceptions were at the maximum level when the number of equations and unknown variables was equal (m = n). Additionally, due to the multiple regression analysis, preservice teachers' performances on geometric representation, the transition from geometric representation to algebraic representation and systems of linear equations in $ {\mathrm{\mathbb{R}}^3} $ R 3 were determined to be significant predictors of their self-efficacy perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Pulse oximetry is commonly used to monitor arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate during the transition period and reference intervals have been determined. However, the effect of the change in arterial oxygen saturation on tissue oxygenation does not seem to be the same. So, a non-invasive method for monitoring cerebral or regional tissue oxygenation will be potentially useful for vulnerable infants. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cerebral autoregulation in the first 10 min after delivery in term and late preterm newborns without resuscitation requirement. METHODS Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation was measured in the first 10 min after birth with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) from the left forehead. Peripheral oxygen saturation was measured with pulse oximetry from the right hand and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction was calculated. RESULTS Nineteen late preterms and 20 term infants were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between median cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction values of late preterm and term infants (p  < 0.001). There was a strong inverse relationship between cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (p  < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In late preterm infants similar to term infants, arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation increased with time, but inverse reduction of cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction showed the presence of an active autoregulation in the brain. This can be interpreted as the ability of the brain to protect itself from hypoxia by regulating oxygen uptake during normal fetal-neonatal transition process. A larger scale multi-center randomized control trial is now needed to further inform practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, without using any uniaxial force and bending moment (N-M) interaction diagrams, designs were carried out on thick columns subjected to uniaxial bending and compression by a novel 1 dimensional (1D) Fuzzy Inverse Logic (FIL) method. For this purpose, firstly, a Fuzzy Logic (FL) model was developed and the FIL method was applied to it thereafter. While, the cross-section width (b), the cross-section height (h), the rebar diameter(f), the numbers of reinforcement rows (Rx and Ry) placed into the cross-section in X and Y directions, the characteristic concrete compressive strength(fck) and the axial force ratio Nr=N/(b.h.(fck/1.5)) were taken as variable parameters, concrete cover thickness (c), rebar strength (fyd) and k1 parameter defined for the concrete pressure block were kept constant in the developed FL model. After designs were performed on 15 columns having different variable variations by the 1D FIL method, moment bearing capacities of the obtained 9737 alternative designs determined conventionally were compared with the desired moment values. The evaluations made on the comparisons show that the FIL method is not only a very effective artificial intelligence method for the design of reinforced concrete thick columns but also a promising method for many other problems such as control, optimization, design, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract (CZE) at different rations (0%, 1%, 3% and 5%) on gelatin (GL)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend films were evaluated in relation to the structural, tensile strength, physical, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the films in this study. The results showed that water barriers of the film samples decreased, but the UV‐blocking property increased and became opaque at the highest GLPVA5 film. The tensile strengths of GLPVA, GLPVA1, GLPVA3 and GLPVA5 films were 1.21, 1.78, 1.62 and 1.95 MPa, respectively. The antimicrobial effect of these films was determined against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus cereus according to the parallel stick method. Antioxidant properties of cinnamon extract were investigated using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazil (DPPH) methods. The % inhibition of DPPH was found to be 82.00. No antibacterial effect was detected for B.cereus and E. faecalis at 0%, 1%, 3% and 5%. While no activity was observed in 0%, 1% and 3% cinnamon, 7.5 and 3.0 mm zones were detected in S. typhimirium and E. coli, respectively, in 5% cinnamon. The results suggest that the film samples could be used in a potential packaging with antioxidant and antibacterial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meat and meat products, which are significant in human nutrition, are consumed with pleasure, as well as their rich essential nutrients, sensory properties, and taste in adequate and balanced nutrition. Within the scope of the study, gluten-free flour alone (20% (w/w)) and vegetable powders (5% (w/w)) were used in the production of meatball snacks using the explosive puff drying (EPD) method. The effects of two different pre-drying processes (hot air drying (HAD) and freeze drying (FD)) on the final product properties were discussed. While using chickpea flour as gluten-free flour; we preferred adding vegetable powders with high fiber and prebiotic content, such as Jerusalem artichoke, and red beetroot powders. The physical and chemical properties of the samples dried by both methods (HAD + EPD and FD + EPD) containing chickpea flour and red beetroot powder were found suitable for consumption as snack products. However, the expansion rate (94.27%), total phenolics content (100.07 µg GAE/g DM), textural hardness value (1053.65 N), textural crispness (24 peak number), and sensory impression (8.4) values of products containing chickpea flour and beet powder dried with FD + EPD dried gave the best results among the groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the sensory analysis showed that this sample was preferable to the other samples. The pre-drying processes we applied, and the moisture content of pre-dried samples had a significant effect on puffed dried product quality. Oil losses, shrinkage, and the formation of cracks with the HAD method were observed. It was determined that FD as a pre-drying method before EPD minimized the nutrient losses (total protein content, total fat content, total phenolics content) and preserved the physical (ΔE < 15) properties of the snack samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a high-suicide-risk mental disorder. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between temperament and character traits with suicide probability, suicide attempts, and perceived stress level in patients with BD. A total of 39 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder who had a history of suicide attempts and 39 euthymic patients without a history of suicide attempts were included in this study. The sociodemographic and clinical data form, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Clinician Version (SCID-5/CV), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Suicide Probability Scale were used to obtain the data. HDRS, PSS, and SPS scores of the group comprised of patients who attempted suicide were higher than the other group. There was no significant difference between the group of patients who had attempted suicide and the other group in terms of temperament characteristics. In the group of patients who had attempted suicide, self-directedness (SD) and cooperativeness (CO) scores were lower, and the self-transcendence (ST) score was higher than the other group. HA and ST were positively and SD negatively associated with SPS scores. In the regression analysis for suicide risk, the factors most associated with suicide risk were high HDRS and low CO score. Low SD in BD and high ST with CO may be associated with suicide attempts. Alongside low SD, high HA and ST may be associated with suicidal ideation. Treating residual depressive symptoms can reduce the risk of suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the level of awareness of people about COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A total of 244 people participated in the research. The item pool was created in line with the literature and expert opinions. The prepared items were examined by four experts in terms of content validity, language, and expression, and a 28-item scale form was created. Following these stages, the first form consisting of 28 items was applied to 29 people as a pilot study. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test the construct validity. Results: As a result of the explanatory factor analysis, it was determined that the scale consisted of 15 items and 3 sub-dimensions. These sub-dimensions were respectively named "Protection", "Knowledge of COVID", and "Effort to Obtain Information". When the fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis results were examined, we saw that the three-factor scale construct had a high fit at an acceptable level. Conclusions: Based on the data obtained from this study, we concluded that the COVID-19 awareness scale was valid and reliable to evaluate the awareness level of people. The COVID-19 awareness scale we have devised can be employed by researchers who seek to measure individuals' awareness levels regarding a pandemic similar to COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kodaly approach was developed by the Hungarian composer and educator Zoltan Kodaly in the XXth century. The methods and techniques of the Kodaly approach can be used in instrument training as well as music education. In this research, it is aimed to descriptively examine the physical characteristics of the "Jigsaw Guitar Course" method written by Luke Dunlea on guitar teaching based on Kodaly approach, and the learning sequence and content followed during guitar teaching. The research is a descriptive study based on qualitative research methods. The method examined in the research was determined by literature review and subjected to descriptive analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that the "Jigsaw Guitar Course" method consisted of three volumes, two CDs and two supplementary books, and the total number of pages in the three volumes was 116; in the method, information about sitting, posture and holding is given and presented with interesting visuals; the melodic learning sequence starts with the sol-mi (minor third) interval and consists of the pentatonic, pentachord, C major, G major, A minor harmonic, E minor harmonic, F major, and D minor harmonic scales; the sequence of rhythmic learning starts with quarter and eighth notes and quarter rest, followed by the teaching of the dotted quarter note in 6/8 measure, in the third volume of the method, sixteenth, sixteenth and eighth rhythm patterns are included, and after reinforcing these patterns, syncope rhythmic structures are to be learned: the learning order of the method according to the strings used is 4th string, 5th string, 6th string, 2nd string, 3rd string and the 1st string; the left hand finger number learning sequence followed in the method is 3-4-2-1; it was concluded that the right hand finger number learning sequence followed in the method was p-im-a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In patients over the age of 65, the most appropriate treatment modality for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is controversial, but the use of endovascular treatment methods is increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of intensive care unit stay, need for reintervention, and early and late mortality rates after endovascular treatment in octogenerians with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Material and Method: A total of 220 patients who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm under elective conditions were included in the study. Patients over 70 years of age constituted Group-1 (n=102) and those under 70 years of age constituted Group-2 (n=118). The groups were analyzed in terms of postoperative intensive care stay, need for reintervention, and early and late mortality rates. Results: The ratio of males was higher in group 1 (94.5% vs. 84.9, p=0.017). Length of ICU stay was higher in group 1 (12 hours vs. 8 hours, p=0.014). All four cases of early mortality were in patients over 65 years of age (p=0.031). There was no difference between the groups in terms of follow-up period (32 vs. 31 months, p=0.859), late mortality (8% vs. 13%, p=0.219), or the need for secondary intervention (6% vs. 7%, p=0.770). There was no difference between the groups in terms of survival and the 3-year survival was 91% vs. 85%. (p=0.199). Conclusion: In octogenerians, endovascular aneurysm repair can be performed with acceptable mortality rates and satisfactory mid-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A grid-tied fuel cell (FC) system demands efficient power conversion, power quality preservation, grid stability, power flow management, renewable energy source (RES) integration, and enhanced grid resilience. Achieving these goals requires a precise inverter circuit switch approach. A boost power converter connected to the FC stack ensures voltage regulation, power conditioning, efficient power transfer, system integration, control, and protection. This enhances FC system adaptability and compatibility across various applications, minimizing input current ripples for prolonged FC lifespan. This study introduces a novel DC-DC boost converter with an artificial neural network (ANN) controller to reduce FC input current ripples and enhance FC stack-generated voltage for grid applications. It also presents a space vector sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique for FC-based three-phase grid-tied inverters. This offers improved voltage utilization, precise voltage and current control, reduced harmonic distortion, rapid response, flexibility, scalability, reduced total harmonic distortion (THD), and over-modulation capability. The proposed SVPWM technique utilizes a digital signal processing (DSP)-based controller, combining high-speed processing, precision, and real-time capabilities to enhance system performance and efficiency. (a) Theoretical and (b) laboratory workbench representation of the proposed neural network-based step-up converter with integration of voltage fed and SVPWM switching-based three phase inverter, connection from renewable energy sources to three-phase grid. [Display omitted] • A grid-tied fuel cell-based three-phase inverter system is presented. • A boost converter is introduced, utilizing an artificial neural network controller. • Minimizing fuel cell input current peak-to-peak ripples successfully is done. • A new space vector sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is presented. • Topology enhances the voltage precision, and minimizes the total harmonic distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with electronic properties of Boron Arsenide nanoribbons using Density function theory (DFT) calculations. Under specific conditions, nanoribbons can be used as Nano-transistors. It is feasible to modify nanoribbons' electronic properties, such as bandgap and conductivity, by varying their width and edge shape. Source, drain, and gate are basic parts of a conventional field-effect transistor (FET). The channel's conductivity can be changed by applying a voltage to the gate electrode. In current research, Boron Arsenide nanoribbons has been investigated as lead electrode of a transistor and stability of the sheet has been confirmed by positive phonon vibrational modes. Utilizing the band structure spectrum, band gap as an electronic property is measured and reported. Different width values for electrodes have been considered and it has represented that the band gap is size dependent and increasing in ribbon's size to bulk structure, results in decrements in band gap energy value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio in patients with melanoma has yielded controversial results in the literature. A retrospective single-centre cohort study was conducted from 1998 to 2020, including patients diagnosed with invasive melanoma. A total of 2,721 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up was 8.23 years (IQR 4.41-13.25). The median baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio values increased significantly p < 0.001) with the increasing American Joint Committee on Cancer stage. The optimal cut-off values for neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio were determined as 2.1, 184 and 0.2, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, high levels of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (≥ 2.1), platelet- lymphocyteratio (≥ 184) and monocyte-lymphocyteratio (≥ 0.2) Were independently associated with significantly shorter melanoma- Specific survival (neutrophil-lymphocyteratio: HR1.30, 95% CI 1.06--1.60, p = 0.013; platelet-lymphocyte ratio:HR1.37, 95% CI1.06-1.76, p = 0.014; monocytelymphocyte ratio: HR1.29, 95% CI1.05-1.58, p = 0.015) and overall survival (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio: HR1.39, 95% CI1.19-1.64,p < 0.001; platelet-lymphocyte ratio: HR1.44, 95% CI1.19-1.74, p < 0.001; monocyte-lymphocyteratio: HR1.42, 95% CI1.21-1.66, p < 0.001). High levels of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio were also associated with poor relapse-free survival, while platelet-lymphocyte ratio was not. In conclusion, baseline neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio were identified as independent predictors for the prognosis of melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current taxonomic status of an endemic species, Podonosma sintenisii, is discussed, and its morphology is compared with that of the closely related species Podonosma orientalis. Nutlet, leaf, and pollen micrographs of the species are presented using scanning electron microscopy. The identification key and geographical distribution map of Podonosma sintenisii and related species are presented, and the threat category is defined according to IUCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the caregiver burden of parents of hemophilia patients and related factors in the southeast region of Turkey, where access to a regular healthcare facility is more complicated than in other areas. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six caregivers of patients with hemophilia were consecutively enrolled in this non-interventional study. Caregiver burden is measured using the “Hemophilia- Associated Caregiver Burden Scale” (HEMOCAB). Results: Hemophilia affects 65.4% of caregivers emotionally, and 92.3% feel the burden caused by financial problems related to hemophilia. The perception of the patients by caregivers was negative in the groups of low educational degree and unstable employment status (P = .037 and P = .017, respectively). The employment status and job changes influence the caregiver burden because of hemophilia (P = .034 and P = .001, respectively). The groups of those who spent greater than 5 hours for transportation to the hemophilia treatment center (HTC) had a higher burden (P = .001). Multiple linear regression analysis analyzed variables affecting HEMOCAB, frequency, and burden total scores. The model created with the burden total score was statistically significant (P = .047). Conclusion: The main factors affecting caregiver burden were educational status, working conditions, and economic difficulties, as well as the length of infusion times and transfer to HTCs. There is a need to develop socioeconomic policies related to these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the loss of riboflavin in meats by different cooking methods and determine the bioaccessibility of riboflavin in meat products using a simulated in vitro gastrointestinal system. The measured amount of riboflavin in raw meats was in the range of 75–195 µg/100 g. Cooking loss of riboflavin were between 5.09–89.23%. Riboflavin bioaccessibility was between 10–60%. In this study, it was revealed that riboflavin content in meats, which is an important part of nutrition, was affected by in vitro digestion. It is a well-known fact that nutrient losses can occur with cooking food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to present a brief historical perspective of the clinical development of swallowing since ancient times. It also highlights the discovery of the functional meaning of the oropharyngeal organs. These historical developments are enriched with some anecdotal details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inguinal hernia repair is a common surgery, especially in the elderly population. However, the decision to perform surgery in elderly patients can be challenging due to higher complication rates. Laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery is less commonly used in the elderly population despite its advantages. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and advantages of laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery in elderly patients. Methods: We retrospectively compared the preoperative and postoperative (PO) data and Short Form-36 (SF-36) forms of elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal and open inguinal hernia surgery. The primary outcomes were PO pain scores and complication rates. Results: A total of 79 patients with an age range between 65 and 86 years, who presented with inguinal hernias to Cekirge State Hospital's General Surgery Department between January 2017 and November 2019, were included. Seventy-nine patients underwent laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal technique and Lichtenstein hernia repair. The laparoscopic group had a lower rate of PO complications and less analgesic medication consumption and usage time compared with the open group. Furthermore, compared with the open group, the laparoscopic group had lower PO pain scores and higher SF-36 scores for physical function, physical role, pain, and general health at the 30th and 90th days after surgery. Conclusion: Our study suggests that laparoscopic inguinal hernia surgery can be safely performed in elderly patients with lower complication rates and faster recovery times compared with open surgery. The advantages of laparoscopic surgery, such as lower PO pain scores and faster recovery times, were also observed in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Appendectomy stands as the primary curative intervention for acute appendicitis, and the emergence of minimally invasive techniques has propelled interest in laparoscopic procedures. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in overweight and obese patients, shedding light on optimal surgical strategies for this specific patient group. Materials and Methods: This study scrutinized and compared the outcomes of acute appendicitis treatment using LA and OA methods in overweight and obese patients. Carried out at Bursa Cekirge State Hospital, the study spanned from January 2015 to June 2020. Patient evaluation encompassed demographic characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, along with comorbidities, leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, appendicitis severity, time from symptom onset to surgical intervention, and surgical duration. Surgical outcomes included complications within 30 days, length of hospital stay, pain scores, time to resume work, and complications beyond the initial 30-day post-surgery. Results: The two groups showed no significant differences in age, gender, BMI, ASA scores, medical history (hypertension, diabetes), leukocyte count, hemoglobin levels, or time to surgery. However, operative time (p<0.001), incision length (p<0.001), and post-operative pain scores (p<0.001) differed significantly. Laparoscopic group had fewer 30-day complications, shorter return to work, and slightly higher satisfaction. Significant differences emerged on the 15th day after surgery. Laparoscopic group had notably better scores in physical function, role, pain, general health (p=0.005, p<0.001, p=0.038, p=0.002). At 1-year milestone, laparoscopic group showed advantages in role and pain (p=0.039, p=0.005). Conclusion: The benefits of LA for obese and overweight patients include shorter surgery durations, reduced infection rates, and faster recovery. These advantages underscore its preference, enhancing patients' quality of life, and lowering complication risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With the increasing use of digital medical photography in the practice and delivery of dermatologic care, concerns regarding patient privacy and ethical-legal aspects have been raised. This study aims to assess the acceptance and perception of medical photography among Turkish patients attending dermatology clinics. Material and Methods: An opinion survey was conducted in two tertiary referral hospitals in İstanbul among adult patients visiting dermatology clinics by completion of a 13-question survey from. Results: A total of 357 patients completed the questionnaire, of whom a dermatologist had recently photographed 42.3%. Patients preferred to be photographed with a hospital-owned camera (69.5%) compared to the practitioner’s personal camera (36.1%) or mobile phone (29.1%) (p<0.001). They favored hospital digital records (70%) over the practitioner’s own computer (30.5%) or the practitioner’s own mobile phone (19.9%) for the storage of the images (p<0.001). Patients accepted being photographed by their attending physician more than other healthcare workers (p<0.001). Non-identifiable photos were more acceptable than identifiable ones for all purposes of use of photographs, with the highest rate of acceptance for medical consultation (75.9%) and the lowest rate for medical websites (10.4%). Almost all respondents (97.2%) felt informed consent is necessary before medical photography. Nearly one-third of the respondents shared concern about the misuse or unauthorized access of their medical photographs. Conclusion: Our study revealed that patients have a relatively positive attitude toward medical photography, although they seem to have clear preferences regarding several practical aspects. These findings could be used to improve dermatological practice and to create policy guidelines about medical photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) represents a nerve innervation anomaly in the upper extremity, potentially leading to misinterpretation during standard nerve conduction studies (NCSs). This study aims to characterize the electrophysiological attributes of MGA in both healthy subjects and individuals diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: This case-control study involved the electrophysiological assessment of 506 forearms, segregated into two distinct groups: a CTS positive (+) case group and a CTS negative (-) control group. The evaluations were conducted over an average period of 8 months in the neurophysiology laboratory. The study encompassed 294 forearms from 147 healthy individuals without CTS and 212 forearms from 106 patients diagnosed with CTS, both clinically and electrodiagnostically. Results: The relationship between the presence of type I MGA and the CTS (+) group was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Similarly, the relationship between the presence of type II MGA and the CTS (+) group was statistically significant (P = 0.013). On the other hand, the relationship between the presence of type III MGA and the CTS (+) group was not statistically significant (P = 0.208). Likewise, the relationship between the presence of type IV MGA and the CTS (+) group was not statistically significant (P = 0.807). The correlation between the side of type I MGA and the groups did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.770). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Para-aramid fibers, known for their remarkable strength and thermal stability, are frequently employed in protective textiles for military and aerospace applications. However, continuous exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can damage their protective characteristics. This study analyzes the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) and UV transmittance of woven fabrics produced from 30/2 Ne spun para-aramid yarns in the warp and 10 Ne core-spun yarns in the weft. The weft yarns consisted of three sheath fibers—para-aramid, meta-aramid, and polyester—in combination with different specialty core materials. The results show significant differences in UPF before and after UV exposure, with para-aramid sheaths giving the highest improvement. UV exposure caused structural changes in the fibers, resulting in increased UV protection, particularly in fabrics with para-aramid sheaths. This study concludes that the combination of para-aramid fibers with specific core materials significantly enhances UV protection, making them well-suited for applications in high UV exposure environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antep cheese is a local Turkish cheese characterized by scalding during production and ripened in brine. In this study, Antep cheeses were produced using mixtures of different milk types (cow, sheep, and goat milk) and ripened for 5 months. The composition, proteolytic ripening extension index (REI), free fatty acid (FFA) content, and volatile compounds of the cheeses and the variation of the brines were analyzed for the 5‐month ripening period. Low proteolytic activity in cheese during ripening caused the cheeses to have low REI values (3.92%–7.57%), although it was observed that some parts of the water‐soluble nitrogen fractions diffused into the brine, causing a lower REI. As a result of lipolysis during ripening, total FFA (TFFA) concentrations in all cheeses were increased, whereas the highest increases were detected in the concentrations of short‐chain FFAs. The highest FFA concentrations were determined in cheese produced using goat milk, and the volatile FFA ratio in TFFA exceeded 10% in the third month of ripening. Although it was observed that the milk types used in the production had significant effects on the change of volatile compounds of the produced cheeses and their brines, the impact of the ripening time was more important. Practical Application: This study investigated Antep cheese made with different milk types. Volatile compounds and soluble nitrogen fractions were transferred to the brine by diffusion during ripening. The volatile profile of the cheese varied with milk type, but ripening time was the primary factor influencing volatile compounds. This suggests that the targeted organoleptic properties of the cheese are determined by ripening time and conditions. Additionally, changes in the brine's composition during the ripening process provide insight into how to manage the brine as waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoa has the potential to be an important alternative source of silage as a forage crop. However, there is limited information on the ensiling of quinoa in the literature. This study investigates the silage fermentation quality, nutritive value and aerobic stability of quinoa cultivars harvested at different plant growing stages. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture in the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out in a split plot with a randomized block design with three replications, the three main plots were based on harvesting times (flowering, milky and dough stages) and the five subplots were based on cultivars (Mint Vanilla, Cherry Vanilla, French Vanilla, Red Head and Titicaca). Traits such as pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), LA, acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), propionic acid, ethanol (EtOH), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, crude protein, ash, ether extract, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and relative feed value were analyzed in order to determine silage fermentation quality and nutritive value. In addition, all silages were evaluated in terms of aerobic stability. In reference to the interaction effects, pH, ammonia nitrogen, LAB, AA, BA and EtOH, the silage fermentation quality parameters were between 3.83-4.16, 5.57-14.83%, 4.69-5.80 log10cfu/g DM, 1.37-2.10%, 0.32-0.51% and 0.79-1.63, respectively. On the other hand, DM, ADF, ash and WSC changed between 21.95-33.36%, 22.39-28.36%, 15.41-17.70% and 2.35-9.50%, respectively, as silage nutritive composition features. The carbon dioxide production values of silages exposed to air were between 5.49 g/kg and 10.26 g/kg according to interactions. Among the evaluated quinoa cultivars, cv. Titicaca and cv. French Vanilla provided superior results in terms of fermentation quality compared to other cultivars. It was also determined that it would be more appropriate to harvest these superior quinoa cultivars during the dough stage for quality silage. Among the silages, the cv. Titicaca had the best aerobic stability. As a result of this study, it was concluded that cv. French Vanilla and cv. Titicaca should be harvested during the dough stage in order to obtain better silage quality. According to the results of this study, it was deduced that the quinoa plant could be an alternative ensiling crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffraction and refraction of nonlinear shallow water waves due to uneven bathymetry are studied by use of the Green-Naghdi (GN) equations in three dimensions. A numerical wave tank consisting of deep, transitional, and shallow regions is created. Various forms of three-dimensional bathymetry, consisting of ramps with nonuniform profiles and large slopes, are used to connect the deep-water side of the tank to the shallow water shelf. A wavemaker is placed at the upwave side of the domain, capable of generating solitary and cnoidal waves of the GN equations. A numerical wave absorber is located downwave of the domain to minimize the wave reflection back into the domain. The system of equations is solved numerically in time domain by use of a second-order finite-difference approach for spatial discretization, and in a boundary-fitted coordinate system, and by use of the modified Euler method for time marching. Results include solitary and cnoidal wave surface elevation and particle velocities and are compared with the existing solutions where possible. Overall, very good agreement is observed. Discussion is provided on the nonlinearity and dispersion effects on the wave diffraction and refraction by the various forms of the ramps, as well as on the performance of the GN equations in solving these problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant challenge lies in renewable energy sources incapacity to generate high voltages and their limited life spans when subjected to high-ripple conditions. This study introduces an innovative Sugeno-type neuro-fuzzy controller for an interleaved power converter configuration aimed at mitigating the input current ripples associated with these renewable energy sources, directly addressing the longevity concern controlled by an advanced neuro-fuzzy controller. The proposed converter employs a switched capacitor (SC) cell to amplify the generated voltage within the boost converter framework. Key attributes of the proposed converter include high voltage gain, enhanced efficiency and the utilization of short-duty ratio time intervals to minimize conduction power losses at elevated voltages. Furthermore, through interleaved configuration, the current ripple from the source is diminished while the SC cell concurrently amplifies the voltage gain. A Sugeno-type neuro-fuzzy control method, based on artificial intelligence, is employed for the proposed converter to drive the switches and produce an accurate output voltage. Since the converter is primarily built on a fuzzy controller, the proposed method is mathematically simple and easy to implement. The main contribution of the proposed control approach lies in the sampling of both the input and reference, as well as the output voltages, and the generation of precise duty cycles based on the sampled reference output voltage. Due to its capability of generating high voltages, the proposed converter and control system are suitable for use in DC grids and vehicle-to-grid applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Overlapping spectra of domperidone and lansoprazole were resolved by wavelet transformation. • Three CWT-based analytical methods were developed and validated. • Simultaneous determination in capsule formulations was performed. • The methods provided accurate, fast, simple and cost-efficient analysis. UV–Vis spectroscopy remains essential in pharmaceutical research and quality control due to its accessibility, simplicity, and effectiveness. However, overlapping spectra resulting from multicomponent drug formulations present challenges. Here, we describe a signal processing strategy using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to resolve overlapping spectra of domperidone (DMP) and lansoprazole (LSP) for simultaneous quantification. Three different wavelet functions (Symlets 3, Coiflets 1, Daubechies 10), were found to be suitable for this purpose. Linear calibration curves were constructed using the CWT zero-crossing technique and the methods were validated by analyzing a set of synthetic mixtures, intra-and inter-day samples, and standard addition samples. The assay results of commercial capsule samples were compared with those obtained by derivative spectroscopy, and no significant statistical difference was observed. The proposed CWT methods demonstrated good compliance with the label claims and proved to be reliable, versatile, fast, and cost-efficient analytical methods without the need for preliminary separation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, dimensional, physical, visual and thermal comfort properties of fabrics knitted with elastic core cotton slub yarns were analyzed. The yarn production methods (core slub yarn and conventional slub yarn) were also compared according to the fabric properties. Additionally, the influence of slub yarn production parameters (slub thickness ratio and slub length) on the previously mentioned properties were investigated. The results indicated that elastic core fabrics produced with slub length 10 mm exhibited lower spirality property than the other fabrics. Due to their higher thermal conductivity, thermal absorptivity and relative water vapor permeability properties, fabrics produced with slub length 10 mm or slub thickness ratio 2.0 can be preferable for hot climate clothes without regard to yarn production techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Streptomyces spp. on organic matter degradation was investigated in the present study. Streptomyces spp. isolated from compost systems were eliminated based on the results of cellulose, starch, xylan degradation tests, morphological inspection, and 16S rRNA analysis. The eliminated strains were re-given to compost systems to determine their effect on organic matter degradation and maturation. Sample analyses indicated that 15 days of composting had been adequate to maintain maturation. The amounts of strains added to the system were high enough to create a detectable change such as inhibition of other microbiota members. Results also indicated a variant change in organic matter degradation due to the added strain. The difference in organic matter degradation between strains depended partially on the segregation of secondary metabolites. On the other hand, strains also inhibited each other in the case of their binary and triple utilization in compost. Another explanation for variant activity was provided based on the enzymatic activity of the strains validated by metagenomic counts evaluation. Metagenome count numbers revealed the tendency of compost microbiota toward degradation products of cellulose. Findings obtained from composting experiments and metagenome analyses indicated the presence of a different degradation route based on xylan activity. Results also implied a decrease in competition between the dominant strain and microbiota members in the case of sequential xylan and cellulose degradation. Meticulous evaluation of results obtained from metagenome analysis also provided some insights on certain conditions regarding the progress of composting along with storage conditions of manure before use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a fuzzy logic model was constituted by using the Fuzzy Logic (FL) method, which is one of the traditional artificial intelligence (AI) methods, in order to estimate the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with limited ductility. In this model, beam width(bw), beam height(h), characteristic concrete compressive strength(fck), transverse reinforcement diameter(T), the number of arms bearing the shear force of the transverse reinforcement(n) and transverse reinforcement spacing(s) were taken into account as variable parameters. The model developed by using the problem data containing the solutions of shear force strength of 2640 beams with different cross-section properties were tested with 480 beam solutions different from these data. In the tests of the developed FL model, maximum percentage error, minimum percentage error, average percentage error and correlation coefficient values were obtained as 3.604, -0.091, 1.514 and R ²=0.999678. By applying the fuzzy inverse logic method (FIL), which was recently developed by the author of this study, on the FL model, which is seen to have been developed quite sensitively from the test results, a total of 521 designs were obtained for 15 different RC beams with limited ductility subjected to shear. In order to check the accuracy of these designs, after shear strengths were obtained by conventional computations for these designs, % error and correlation coefficients were computed between the obtained strength values and the shear force values taken into account for the design. The promising results show that the FIL method can be used in the design of RC beams under shear force and even in other scientific studies such as design, optimization and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to determine healthy lifestyle behaviors and factors affecting women who applied to cervical cancer screening. The sample of the descriptive research consisted of 122 women (30-65 years old) who applied to the Center of Cancer Early Diagnosis, Screening, and Education. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II. 79.5% of the women stated that they did not go through menopause, 95.1% did not have a relative diagnosed with cervical cancer in the family, 86.9% did not have regular cervical cancer screening, and 96.7% stated that early diagnosis was important. A statistically significant difference was found between the total mean scores of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II of women who had a high school and upper education level (p=0.001), perceived their health (p=0.003) and income (p=0.006) at a good level, participated in family decisions (p=0.001), and had regular cervical cancer screening (p=0.035). Healthy lifestyle behaviors affect education, health and income levels, participation in family decisions, and regular cervical cancer screening. The results can guide healthcare professionals in regular screening for cervical cancer, promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, and raising awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel chemometric strategy was implemented in the development of a new ultraperformance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative estimation of guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in a two-component syrup formulation with minimal experimental effort, time and reagent. A full factorial design with three factors was investigated to find optimal working conditions of chromatographic factors (column temperature, flow rate, and 0.1 M H3PO4% in mobile phase) that affect the chromatographic separation. Then, optimum experimental conditions providing adequate separation of the analyzed drug substances within the short runtime were determined. Under optimal experimental conditions, the retention times for guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were obtained as 0.817 and 1.430 min, respectively. In the optimized RP-UPLC method, chromatographic response was reported as a linear function of concentration between 5.0 and 80.0 μg/mL for guaifenesin and 10.0–90.0 μg/mL for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. The proposed method was carefully validated and successfully applied to quality control and analysis of a cough syrup preparation containing guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Consequently, the proposed reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography method provided an opportunity to quantify relevant drugs with small amount of reagents and short runtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical plastic injection method is based on the principle of injecting a single color of a single polymeric material into the mold cavity under high pressure. In cases where the products are expected to have contrasted functional features and different colors, the classic injection process and the conventional injection molds are not sufficient. This paper proposes a new design approach for multi-component injection molds required by products containing different polymeric materials or different colors of the same polymeric material at the same time. It also presents a case study including the design of the hot runner, electromechanical rotary-cross, cooling, and ejection systems of a two-component, eight-cavity toothbrush mold. The polymeric materials are polypropylene for the first component, and styrene based thermoplastic elastomer for the second component, which exhibit good bonding properties with each other. In addition, an analysis study covering the filling parameters and production defect generations is also provided. The adopted design approach provides a production rate of 1600 parts per hour, corresponding to 18 s cycle time and 200 cycles per hour, and makes it sufficient to rotate only the 80 kg core plate instead of 1120 kg entire core side. Compared to existing methods, the results show that the proposed multi-component injection mold design method eliminates the need for particular injection machines and robotic systems, shortens the cycle time, and reduces energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Paternal depression and inadequate attachment experienced in the postpartum period may be associated with future emotional and behavioural problems of children. This study aimed to investigate the paternal depression and attachment levels of first‐time fathers. Design and Methods: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 175 fathers with 3–6 months old babies whose wives applied to the polyclinic for check‐up. Findings: When the cut‐off point of the scale was evaluated at 13 and above in this study, the risk of depression was found to be 14.2%. The level of attachment decreases as fathers' risk of depression increases (p < 0.05). Practice implications: There is a risk of depression in fathers in the postpartum period. The level of attachment decreases as fathers' risk of depression increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of polymer blends as carriers for probiotic cells or using multi-strain probiotic culture mixture in film formulations has a high potential to maintain the stability of probiotics throughout storage. In this study, the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus , Lactobacillus plantarum , and mixed culture (Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., and Bifidobacterium spp.) in whey protein isolate (W), carrageenan (C), and W/C blend (W to C on a wt/wt basis at 100 to 0, 75 to 25, 50 to 50, and 0 to 100) films were investigated during 30 d of storage at 4 and 25°C. The water vapor, mechanical, optical, and morphological properties of film samples were also determined. A significant decrease in total lactic acid bacteria counts of all strains (5–6 log cfu/g in reduction) for W and C films was observed during storage at 25°C, whereas blended films had 2 to 3 log cfu/g reduction. The mixed culture-incorporated films had higher cell counts during all storage temperatures. The incorporation of probiotic bacteria significantly influenced the water vapor permeability and color values of films while decreasing tensile strength and elongation at break values. This study reveals that a multi-strain mixed culture presented more chance for survival inside the polymer matrix, especially when carbohydrate- and protein-based polymers were blended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative study to quantify acid dissociation constant (pKa) of acetylsalicylic acid by applying the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to three‐way data arrays of UV spectroscopic and spectrochromatographic measurements was presented. In data recording and data collection stages, the spectrochromatograms of 20 μg/mL acetylsalicylic acid in different mobile phases having seven different pH levels were recorded, and a cubic data set was created with time x wavelength x pH dimensions. UV spectra of the analyte in the concentration range of 10–30 μg/mL and in seven different pH media were recorded and arranged as a three‐way array with dimensions, wavelength x concentration x pH. To estimate the pKa by two different chemometric strategies, the cubic data sets were decomposed into trilinear components, which allowed to predict the pKa in the pH profiles. In practice, the three‐way analysis‐based UV spectroscopic and spectrochromatographic methods didn't include a titration procedure and had a second‐order advantage over traditional pKa determination methods. As a result, this investigation on the rapid and accurate estimation of the acidity constant of acetylsalicylic acid provided alternative and practical ways to determine the pKa of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]