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This selection study was conducted to determine the walnut genotypes with superior characteristics grown from seeds in Ereğli and Halkapınar districts of Konya province and Ayrancı district of Karaman province between 2019-2022. In 2021 on the fruits taken, 8 genotypes in total, including 5 genotypes in shelled walnuts and 4 genotypes in kernels (1 genotype received high scores in both shelled and kernel walnuts) were found to be promising. In 8 genotypes selected, the shelled weight is 10.66-26.31 g, the kernel weight is 5.32-9.82 g, the kernel percentage is 37.33-57.91%, the shell thickness is between 1.06-1.90 mm, the shell color is "light" in 1 genotype, "moderate" in 4 genotypes, "dark" in 3 genotypes, kernel color is in 1 genotype "extra light", "light" in 7 genotypes, remove of kernel from the shell was "easy" in all genotypes. Shell adhesion was "good" in all genotypes, cracking of the shell was detected "easy" in 7 genotypes, "moderate" in 1 genotype, shell texture was "smooth" in 3 genotypes, "moderate" in 4 genotypes, and "rough" in 1 genotype. Remove of kernel from the shell was determined "easy" in all genotypes. Kernel fill and healthy kernel percentage was determined as 100% in all genotypes. At the end of the research, 6 of the selected genotypes showed homogamy, 1 showed protogeny and 1 showed protandry flowering properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, mines have occupied an important place for the Ottoman State as well as for every state. For the Ottoman Empire, the importance and value of coal mines among these mines increased with the industrial revolution. As a matter of fact, coal mines were used as fuel for the most important inventions of the era, such as steamships and trains. However, the operation of coal mines depends on labor and capital power. In this respect, the Ottoman State sometimes connected the places around the mine to the region where the mine was extracted to form financial units in order to operate the mines more actively, and sometimes transformed the region where the mine was located into an administratively independent unit. In this way, both labor power was taken care of and bureaucratic convenience was tried to be provided in mineral extraction. In this study, the reason why Ereğli Coal Mine was turned into a sanjak will be discussed, especially within the framework of archival sources, due to the income it provides to the state and its contributions to industry and other branches. Thus, it will be revealed that financial units have an important place in the determination of the Ottoman administrative structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out on the four Asian pear varieties grown in Ereğli district of Konya province between 2017- 2018. Within the scope of this work, some phenological and pomological characteristics of Hosiu, Kosiu, Hakko and Shinseiki cultivars were examined. 122.00 -206.00 g fruit weight, 58.97- 72,78 mm fruit width, 47.85-70,01 mm fruit size, 2.80- 5.48 kg cm-2 fruit firmness, 11.83- 16.90 % total soluble solids and 1.02- 5.66 % titratable acidity ratio were found as research results. As a result of this work on Asian Pear cultivars, in 2017, swollen bud term was carried out as 02-04 April, beginning of flowering 18- 19 April, full bloom 23-25 April, harvest date 05-09 August and the period from blooming to harvest date is determined between 133- 137 days. For 2018, swollen bud term was observed on 05- 07 March, beginning of flowering was on 23- 27 March, the full bloom was on 26- 29 March, harvest date 14- 16 August and the period from blooming to harvest date is determined between 141- 143 days. As a result of this study, four Asian Pear cultivars' phenological and pomological characteristics were determined in Ereğli district. The obtained result is thought to be important for regional-based and country-based for fruit growing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antik Yunan felsefesinden ilhamını alan anâsır-ı erbaa (dört unsur) düşüncesi, modern tıp öncesi düşünürlerin zihinlerini meşgul etmiş ve diyalektlerini bu düşünce üzerine inşa etmelerine sebep olmuştur. Thales, Anaximenes, Herakletios ve Empedokles bunların ileri gelenlerindendir. Hava, su, ateş ve toprak genel itibariyle --bazı kültürlerde bu unsurlar değişmektedir- bizim düşünce dünyamızda da dünden bugüne önem atfedilen temel varlık unsurlarıdır. Bildirimize konu edindiğimiz ve yöre halkı tarafından rengi sebebiyle "ak toprak"olarak adlandırılan toprak da yine bildirimizin derleme alanı olan Konya/Ereğli'de bölge insanının geleneksel yaşamında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Yörenin, özellikle de Toroslara yakın köylerinde pekmez yapımından evlerin boyasına kadar, hamile kadınların düşük tehlikesini önleme çabasından çerez niyetiyle tüketime varıncaya kadar gündelik yaşamın pek çok alanında kullanılmıştır. Yöre halkı bu "ak toprak"ı öylesine benimsemiştir ki söz konusu toprak üzerine çeşitli inanmaları da geliştirmiştir. Ancak son dönemlerde yapılan çalışmalar göstermektedir ki, yöre halkının muzdarip olduğu kanser vakalarının önemli bir sebebi bu "ak toprak"'tır. Biz de bildirimizde yöreden yaptığımız derlemelerden elde ettiğimiz malzemeler neticesinde gündelik hayatın önemli bir parçası olan 'ak toprak"'ın kullanımı ve etrafında gelişen inanmalar hakkında bilgi vereceğiz sonra da söz konusu toprağın sağlığa olumsuz etkilerinden bahsedeceğiz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major renewable energy types that are natural and sustainable and do not harm the environment include water, wind, solar, geothermal, hydrogen, oceanic, biofuel (organic fuel), wave and tidal energies. Of these, wave energy is a type of inexpensive and clean energy that does not require capital input and any costs except for those of initial investment and maintenance, does not release any pollutants into the atmosphere and thus presents a huge potential. The total amount of coal consumed in Eregli on the west coast of the Black Sea accounts for about 29% of overall coal consumption in Zonguldak. Although the heavy industry in Eregli is still dependent on fossil fuels, the satisfaction of the energy needs of even households in Eregli through renewable energy sources, mainly wave energy is of utmost importance to not only build a clean and healthy environment but also to achieve a cheap energy in Eregli, where a large amount of coal is consumed. Wave energy production seems more suited, at least in the beginning, for shoreline converters in Eregli. Eregli has suitable areas for the installation of an oscillating water column and tapered channel systems in terms of its geological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The studied Gülüç section of the Silurian Fındıklı Formation is situated on the western bank of Gülüç Creek in Ereğli, NW Anatolia, Turkey, in the eastern part of the Zonguldak Terrane. The Gülüç section consists of 3 sedimentary packages: greenish grey limy siltstones, 5-7 m thick (1), overlain by an irregular alternation of black shales and clayey limestones, about 15 m thick (2), and a 6-7 m thick succession of mainly siltstones and sandy limestones (3). A combined biostratigraphy based upon graptolites, cryptospores and conodonts indicates that Package 1 is of Llandovery (Rhuddanian, Aeronian and/or early Telychian) age, Package 2 and Package 3 are of late Wenlock--early Ludlow (Homerian and Ludfordian) age. Graptolites in packages 2 and 3 indicate the presence of the Cyrtograptus lundgreni, Neodiversograptus nilssoni and Lobograptus scanicus graptolite biozones. The Ozarkodina crassa Biozone occurs in the lower Gorstian (Ludlow). The specific features of the Gülüç section (lithological changes, condensation, stratigraphic gap, change in graptolite diversity) are related to the global model of Silurian T--R cycles. The Silurian Fındıklı Formation in the Gülüç section, about 20 m thick, represents a condensed lithological succession which differs significantly from the coeval thick, stratigraphically widespread black shales and siltstones of the same formation in the Zonguldak and İstanbul terranes. Sixteen cryptospore species are described and their stratigraphic and geographic distributions are summarised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whenever Ereğli Coal Basin is mentioned the first important issue that comes to mind is "Wage Earner Work Compulsion." The basin villagers worked under hard condition there within the period which includes 1940-1947 years. As a consequence in this study information about application was gathered by consulting the labours worked in the mine in above-mentioned term. "Oral History Method" was applied while those meetings were being realized. On the other hand, the people being consulted over 80 indicate both the importance of the subject and the hardship of the study. Since, to find a labour worked in mine and above 80, in addition healthy was highly difficult case when life expanding was considered in our country [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the first attempt to study the concentration of seven element (Fe, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co, and As) contaminations in the vicinity of the Eregli Iron and Steel Plant (ERDEMIR) by analysis of two pleurocarpic moss species (Hypnum cupressiforme and Scleropodium purum). Samples of H. cupressiforme were collected from May 2003 to October 2004. Unwashed, dried samples were digested with HNO3/HClO4, and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined by graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). In the region, general orders of heavy metal content in samples of mosses were determined as follows: Fe > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu > Co > As. Comparisons were made between the two moss species for those elements presents at different concentrations and regression analysis were made to see interspecies relationship. H. cupressiforme and S. purum are significantly correlated for only Fe (P < 0.01) having Pearson's correlation coefficient as 0.93, indicating interspecies calibration for Fe. The ratios (Hc/Sp) were relatively better correlated with 1/Sp for As than for other metals, suggesting a saturation effect in H. cupressiforme for As. The deposition of metals due to the operation of the steel plant has been established and could be further monitored. Such information could be useful for forensic studies aiming to apportion between different possible sources of those metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]