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Double-atom catalysts (DACs) for harmful nitrate (NO3−) electroreduction to valuable ammonia (eNO3RR) is attractive for both environmental remediation and energy transformation. However, the limited metal loading in most DACs largely hinders their applications in practical catalytic applications. Therefore, exploring ultrahigh-density (UHD) DACs with abundant active metal centers and excellent eNO3RR activity is highly desired under the site-distance effect. Herein, starting from the experimental M2N6 motif deposited on graphene, we firstly screened the low-density (LD) Mn2N6 and Fe2N6 DACs with high eNO3RR activity and then established an appropriate activity descriptor for the LD–DAC system. By utilizing this descriptor, the corresponding Mn2N6 and Fe2N6 UHD–DACs with dynamic, thermal, thermodynamic, and electrochemical stabilities, are identified to locate at the peak of activity volcano, exhibiting rather-low limiting potentials of −0.25 and −0.38 V, respectively. Further analysis in term of spin state and orbital interaction, confirms that the electronic state effect similar to that of LD–DACs enable the excellent eNO3RR activity to be maintained in the UHD–DACs. These findings highlight the promising application of Mn2N6 and Fe2N6 UHD–DACs in nitrate electroreduction for NH3 production and provide impetus for further experimental exploration of ultrahigh-density DACs based on their intrinsic electronic states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated at room temperature using Grewia asiatica leaf extract. Photocatalytic activity (degradation of organic dye) and biological activities (antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-arthritic) of AgNPs were also unveiled. The optical and physicochemical properties of silver nanoparticles were characterised using UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis, and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The green synthesis was justified using UV-visible spectroscopy. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of AgNPs. The reducing and capping nature of leaf extract was explained by FTIR. The relative capping of AgNPs was studied using FESEM. The hydrodynamic size and polydispersity index of the fabricated silver nanoparticles were analysed using DLS. The photocatalytic activity of AgNPs was observed over crystal violet dye under visible light resulting in efficient removal. AgNPs were also employed to biological activities indicating good antibacterial activity (against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria), efficient anti-inflammatory activity, and excellent anti-arthritic activity. This work explains the various applications of AgNPs: an efficient photocatalyst as well as a biomedical weapon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical biosensors have employed at least three distinct system architectures over the last 40 years, moving from "sample in-answer out" systems to completely embedding the optical biosensor into the sample to embedding the recognition module in the sample and optically interrogating the recognition module from outside of the sample. This trends article provides an overview of the evolution of these three system architectures and discusses how each architecture has been applied to solve the measurement challenges of a wide variety of applications. A fourth biosensor system architecture, that of an "autonomous" biosensor which "takes the user out of the loop" while both detecting target analytes and responding to that measurement, is currently under development for applications initially including environmental cleanup and "smart therapeutics." As is the case in many other areas of technology, it will be profoundly interesting to observe the further development and application of elegant, simpler (optical) biosensor systems to address tomorrow's measurement needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Photocatalysis is a promising green approach for water purification. The diversity of water pH values is a key factor that restricts its practical application since pH affects the adsorption of organic molecules, the stability of catalysts and photocatalytic performance. Here, we report a pH–independent, efficient and stable photocatalytic system with a liquid (water)–liquid (oil)–solid (semiconductor) (L–L–S) triphase interface microenvironment. The system is fabricated by coating a thin layer of silicon oil on the surface of ZnO nanowire arrays, a model chemically unstable semiconductor in both acidic and alkaline solutions. We show that the unique interface makes the dye adsorption pH independent and prevents the semiconductor from being corroded by strong acidic/alkaline solutions, leading to a stable and efficient photocatalytic reaction over a wide pH range (1—14). These findings reveal a promising path for the development of high‐performance catalysis systems applicable in complex water environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a high-performance, cost-effective, and durable multifunctional semiconductor is crucial for clean energy and environmental remediation applications such as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and photocatalysts. In this research, we have developed a hollow sphere-based spinel-structured CoCr 2 O 4 (HS.CCO) for bi-functional applications. These hollow spheres exhibit excellent electrocatalytic OER performance under an alkaline (1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH)) medium, which displays a higher electrocatalytic ability. The spinel hollow spheres demonstrate favorable overpotentials and Tafel potentials of 180 mV and 162 mV/dec, respectively towards OER activity. On the other hand, as a photocatalysis, they portrayed outstanding degradation efficiency under visible light irradiation towards Congo red (CR) dye degradation. Within the short treatment time higher CR degradation efficiency is achieved. These photo-electroactive spinel hollow spheres accelerate efficient OER and visible-light-driven photocatalysis with remarkable stability. They serve as an excellent example of a multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst. Finally, the obtained results indicate the current needs and future demands for enhancing the prospects of multifunctional semiconductor catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contaminants sequestration by iron oxides are of particular relevance in environmental chemistry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode is used in this study to investigate the molecular-scale adsorption mechanism of the antibiotic nalidixic acid (NAL) onto ferrihydrite and maghemite surfaces. High-surface area ferrihydrite and nano-sized maghemite were prepared as model adsorbents. This work provides a complete band assignment for protonated and deprotonated NAL to better describe in situ adsorption processes. In situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy suggests that NAL mainly adsorbs on both iron oxides by a bidentate mode. Results also suggest that two sorption sites coexist on Maghemite surfaces leading to two sorption modes through the carboxylate group: bidentate chelate and bidentate bridging. The obtained results can contribute significantly towards molecular level understanding of antibiotics binding modes on iron oxides, a valuable piece of information to develop environmental remediation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemistry traditionally relies on reactions in solution, but this method is increasingly problematic due to the scale of chemical processes and their economic and environmental impact. Handling residual chemical waste, including solvents, incurs significant costs and environmental pressure. Conversely, novel chemical approaches are needed to address pressing societal issues such as climate change, energy scarcity, food insecurity, and waste pollution. Mechanochemistry, a sustainable chemistry discipline that uses mechanical action to induce chemical reactivity without bulk solvents, is a hot topic in academic research on sustainable and green chemistry. Given its fundamentally different working principles from solution chemistry, mechanochemistry offers more efficient chemical processes and the opportunity to design new chemical reactions. Mechanochemistry has a profound impact on many urgent issues facing our society and it is now necessary to use mechanochemistry to address them. This Minireview aims to provide a guide for using mechanochemistry to meet the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thereby contributing to a prosperous society. Detailed analysis shows that mechanochemistry connects with most UN SDGs and offers more cost‐efficiency than other approaches together with a superior environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemistry traditionally relies on reactions in solution, but this method is increasingly problematic due to the scale of chemical processes and their economic and environmental impact. Handling residual chemical waste, including solvents, incurs significant costs and environmental pressure. Conversely, novel chemical approaches are needed to address pressing societal issues such as climate change, energy scarcity, food insecurity, and waste pollution. Mechanochemistry, a sustainable chemistry discipline that uses mechanical action to induce chemical reactivity without bulk solvents, is a hot topic in academic research on sustainable and green chemistry. Given its fundamentally different working principles from solution chemistry, mechanochemistry offers more efficient chemical processes and the opportunity to design new chemical reactions. Mechanochemistry has a profound impact on many urgent issues facing our society and it is now necessary to use mechanochemistry to address them. This Minireview aims to provide a guide for using mechanochemistry to meet the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thereby contributing to a prosperous society. Detailed analysis shows that mechanochemistry connects with most UN SDGs and offers more cost‐efficiency than other approaches together with a superior environmental performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a new zinc-based coordination polymer, {[Zn(BPMEDA)I]2+·2I3−}n (zinc-CP), utilizing Zn(II) ions and the N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethylenediamine tetrahydrochloride dihydrate (BPMEDA) ligand. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental mapping confirmed zinc-CP's structural integrity and composition. Furthermore, we assessed the stability of our crystal at different pH levels and evaluated its water stability by immersing the crystal in water over several days. The photoluminescence detection capability of zinc-CP was investigated with nine different antibiotics, revealing that the macrolide antibiotics, roxithromycin (RXM) and azithromycin (AZM), exhibited the highest limits of detection (LOD). Additionally, the photocatalytic degradation phenomenon of zinc-CP was assessed for the same antibiotics, demonstrating remarkable degradation rates of 97.59% for sulfadiazine (SDZ) and 94.52% for RXM. These findings demonstrate zinc-CP's potential as a sensitive sensor and photocatalyst for environmental pharmaceutical contaminants. Zinc-CP can identify and degrade pharmaceutical pollutants like antibiotics, indicating its potential for environmental cleanup. Zinc-CP's sensitive detection and catalytic breakdown make it a promising material for controlling pharmaceutical waste in water and other ecosystems in an environmentally responsible manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solutions for environmental remediation and renewable energy generation have intensified the exploration of efficient photocatalytic materials. Recently, the composites of g-C3N4 and MXene have gained considerable interest for their potential applications in photocatalysis. In the g-C3N4-MXene composite, the g-C3N4 possesses unique physical, chemical, and optical properties to increase visible light absorption. At the same time, MXene improves conductivity, adsorption of reactant molecules or the active sites, and charge transfer properties. Combining the unique physico-chemical properties of MXene and g-C3N4, the resulting composite exhibits superior photo-responsive behavior and is critical in photocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, the g-C3N4-MXene composite exhibits stability and recyclability, making it a promising candidate for sustainable and scalable photocatalytic material in environmental remediation. This review offers an in-depth analysis of the development and design of g-C3N4-MXene composites through diverse synthesis procedures and a comprehensive analysis of their application in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, photocatalytic degradation, water splitting processes, mainly hydrogen (H2) generation, H2O2 production, N2 fixation, and NO x removal. The charge transfer mechanism of g-C3N4-MXene composite for photocatalytic application has also been discussed. This review provides insights into the photocatalytic capabilities of g-C3N4-MXene composites, showing their potential to address current environmental challenges and establish a robust foundation for sustainable energy conversion technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating severity of plastic waste's impact on the ecological environment and human health emphasize the crucial importance of developing resource‐conserving disposal technologies for sustainable development. Carbon‐based materials possess extensive functional applications across various fields, however, their high production costs and heavy reliance on fossil fuels pose challenges. Plastic wastes serve as ideal precursors for the green and sustainable production of carbon‐based functional materials due to high carbon content and low‐cost. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent research progress on plastic waste‐derived carbon materials (PWCMs) including primary strategies for constructing PWCMs and their current functional applications in energy storage, environmental remediation and organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparing bismuth compounds-based heterojunctions with superior redox capability has emerged as a promising strategy for environmental remediation. Herein, p-BiOI/n-Bi 2 WO 6 heterojunctions were successfully obtained via a novel, facile, and green solvothermal method. The heterojunctions were synthesized using different mass ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) of BiOI (BI) and Bi 2 WO 6 (BW), with 1:1 as the best ratio, which was decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) applying green methodologies. The as-prepared BI/BW heterojunctions were characterized by several techniques, and their adsorption capacity and photodegradation activity toward tetracycline (TC) under 19 W visible LEDs illumination were investigated. The capacity of pure BI, BW and BI/BW heterojunctions for adsorbing TC ranged from 14 to 68 mg/g; among the heterojunctions, Ag/1BI/1BW showed the highest TC adsorption capacity, 35 mg/g. Moreover, the photocatalytic tests revealed that the Ag/1BI/1BW exhibited the highest catalytic performance, achieving a TC percentage degradation of 81 % within 120 min. The low nominal power consumption of the LED-based photoreactor (0.0475 kWh) was significantly lower than that reported in the literature for using Xe or Hg lamps. In addition, catalyst dosage, initial TC concentration, and solution pH were investigated, demonstrating that they play important role in TC photodegradation. Scavenger assays determined that the degradation of TC using Ag/1BI/1BW proceeds mainly via superoxide radicals and holes, which agrees with the carrier transfer mechanism postulated for this heterojunction. TOC analysis revealed that the efficiency of Ag/1BI/1BW was 63 %, and reuse tests confirmed its high performance even after three cycles. This research provides new insights into the design of high-performance heterojunctions for water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biophotoelectrochemistry (BPEC) is an emerging filed concerned with the photoelectron transfer process between photoactive materials with organisms. BPEC systems improve carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation, water remediation, and recovery of wastewater energy, enabling efficient solar energy conversion to chemical energy and enhancing environmental sustainability. Design innovations in BPEC systems optimize electron transfer and stability, expanding their application in environmental remediation. Synthetic biology is crucial for advancing BPEC and tailoring microbial metabolic pathways for specific environmental tasks. BPEC technologies offer scalable solutions for pollutant degradation and energy recovery, contributing to a circular economy. In seeking sustainable environmental strategies, microbial biophotoelectrochemistry (BPEC) systems represent a significant advancement. In this review, we underscore the shift from conventional bioenergy systems to sophisticated BPEC applications, emphasizing their utility in leveraging solar energy for essential biochemical conversions. Recent progress in BPEC technology has facilitated improved photoelectron transfer and system stability, resulting in substantial advancements in carbon and nitrogen fixation, degradation of pollutants, and energy recovery from wastewater. Advances in system design and synthetic biology have expanded the potential of BPEC for environmental clean-up and sustainable energy generation. We also highlight the challenges of environmental BPEC systems, ranging from performance improvement to future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) pose significant environmental and health risks due to their ubiquitous presence and persistence in water systems. Herein, the efficacy of piezocatalysis using barium titanate nanoparticles under ultrasound irradiation for the degradation and defluorination of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water is investigated. The research demonstrates a substantial 90.5% degradation and 29% defluorination of PFOS after 6 h of treatment, highlighting the potential of piezocatalysis as a promising approach for PFAS degradation. Additionally, the quantification of degradation products elucidates the transformation pathways of PFOS, suggesting a stepwise chain‐shortening mechanism. The findings underscore the importance of continued research in optimizing piezocatalytic processes and exploring synergistic approaches with other advanced oxidation methods to effectively address PFAS contamination challenges. These efforts are essential for advancing sustainable water treatment strategies and mitigating the environmental and health hazards associated with PFAS contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The edible mushroom industry is the sixth largest after grain, cotton, oil, vegetables and fruits, and the annual production of edible mushrooms in China exceeds 40 million tons. Edible mushroom cultivation produces a class of by-products consisting mainly of mycelium remnants and lignocellulosic waste, known as Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) or Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC). SMS/SMC is rich in nutrients and active ingredients and has an extremely high recycling potential. This review paper summarizes SMS recycling strategies from the perspectives of "environmental remediation" and "circular economy", and briefly discusses the legitimacy, possible challenges and future research of SMS recycling. It is hoped that this will assist researchers in related fields and promote the development of the SMS recycling industry, thereby contributing to sustainable environmental and economic development. Implications: The efficient management of SMS is important for many countries around the world, particularly major mushroom producing countries. Traditional disposal methods (incineration, burial, piling) can cause serious damage to the environment and waste resources. The correct disposal method can protect the natural environment and provide certain economic benefits. This study presents the main methods of SMS processing from both an "environmental remediation" and "circular economy" perspective. In general, this paper emphasizes the importance of SMS processing, introduces the current mainstream processing methods and briefly discusses the legality of their processing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial electric syntrophy, involving direct electron transfer between electron-donating strains and electron-accepting strains, could reduce more than 50% of methane emissions and remove 90% of nitrate pollution in some wastewaters. Microbial electric syntrophy is also a key natural process allowing the survival of bacteria in harsh environmental conditions. Here we review natural and artificial cases of interspecies electron transfer in microbial syntrophy, with emphasis on methane production, electroactive bacteria, methanogens, anaerobic methane-oxidizing consortia, Geobacter species, phototrophic bacteria, co-cultures, anaerobic digestion, environmental remediation and microbial electrosynthesis. Environmental remediation includes nitrogen removal, reductive dechlorination and pollutant degradation. Microbial electrosynthesis can be used for carbon dioxide reduction. Conductive proteins and materials, and light-assisted electron transfer contribute to the direct interspecies electron transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are mainly considered as the important source of energy and from ancient times plants, and the plants products are used in various form. These pharmacologically bioactive compounds have limited use due to their insolubility in water, and to overcome this, these compounds were encapsulated in biodegradable polymers and gums which enable them to be used practically for therapeutic purposes. In this review article we briefly discussed about the trans-ferulic acid-loaded polymeric nanoformulations which can be used for preclinical and clinical purpose. Trans-ferulic acid-loaded polymeric nanoformulations were synthesized using ionic gelation method. The polymeric nanoformulations have diameter mainly in nanometers which is mainly due to their high surface area to volume ratio. Their unique physical and chemical properties make them attractive for a variety of applications, such as drug administration, cosmetics, and environmental remediation. Plant science is becoming more and more interested in the topic of nanotechnology, particularly with regard to the use of nanomaterials as vehicles for agrochemicals or biomolecules and their enormous potential in different fields. It has been shown in recent years that significant advancements in nanotechnology have been made in the synthesis of nanoparticles and their use in diagnosis and treatment in medicine. More research is deemed necessary in this direction to optimize the synthesis and biofunctionalization of nanoparticles for different applications, as well as to better understand the mechanisms and enhance sustainability for human health. Lastly, we have examined a few cutting-edge and novel ferulic acid nanoformulations and we assume that this review article will provide researchers a chance to close the gaps in preclinical and clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 nanocomposite (NC) coated with polyethylene glycol were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis, achieving uniform particle formation and controlled crystallinity. Characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) confirmed the physical attributes and homogeneity of the nanocomposite. Polyethylene glycol-coated α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 showed a reduced crystalline size of 19.13 nm compared to 22.93 nm for uncoated nanoparticles. Optical band gap measurements revealed values of 4.64 electron volts for polyethylene glycol, 1.98 electron volts for α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 NC, and 3.18 electron volts for α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4@polyethylene glycol nanocomposites, indicating both insulating and semiconducting behaviors. The photocatalytic performance of the polyethylene glycol-coated α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 was demonstrated by a 99.4% degradation of Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) dye within 120 minutes at a concentration of 5 milligrams per milliliter, with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.02047 per minute. Furthermore, the nanocomposites exhibited strong recyclability and reusability, making them viable candidates for environmental remediation. The study underscores the potential of α-Fe2O3/Fe3O4 NC in applications such as water treatment and antioxidant therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we present a novel green synthesis method for magnesium oxide/magnesium peroxide nanocomposite using citric acid, enhancing both photocatalytic degradation and antioxidant activity. The physical properties and light absorption of the nanostructure were examined using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy techniques. A cubic phase was identified, with a nano-size of 25 nm, and a bandgap energy of 2.45 eV was determined. In the photocatalytic degradation tests, the nanostructure achieved an 85% removal rate of Brilliant Cresyl Blue dye after 120 min, with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.014 min⁻¹. Computational simulations revealed a high adsorption energy of -131.552 eV for Brilliant Cresyl Blue on the magnesium oxide/magnesium peroxide nanocomposite, indicating strong binding affinity and supporting the experimental degradation efficiency. Antioxidant assays revealed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration value of 45.81 µg/mL, showcasing substantial free radical scavenging capabilities comparable to established antioxidants. The antibacterial properties of magnesium oxide/magnesium peroxide nanocomposite were assessed against Staphylococcus aureus through the agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated significant antibacterial efficacy, with inhibition zones ranging from 7.9 ± 0.4 mm to 14.9 ± 1.5 mm, indicating a dose-dependent antibacterial effect. This research advances green synthesis methods for multifunctional nanomaterials, offering promising solutions for environmental remediation and highlighting the potential of magnesium oxide/magnesium peroxide nanocomposite in wastewater treatment, antioxidant applications, and as a potent antibacterial agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology is increasingly recognized for its crucial role in addressing challenges in agriculture and environmental management, with nano-scaled materials central to this advancement. Conventional physical and chemical synthesis methods for nanomaterials often involve hazardous chemicals, posing safety and environmental risks, and are frequently cost-ineffective. This review investigates the innovative biosynthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles, emphasizing their production through eco-friendly approaches involving biomolecules, plant-derived phytoconstituents, polyphenols, bacteria, algae, and fungi. We highlight how biosynthesized MgO nanoparticles exhibit exceptional properties, including unique morphology, high surface area, controlled particle size, and effective stabilization. The review also explores recent advances in their application as nanocatalysts, particularly for environmental remediation tasks such as photocatalytic degradation of dyes and removal of heavy metal ions and pesticides from contaminated environments. By underscoring the significance of green synthesis techniques, this study illustrates their potential in advancing sustainable nanotechnology solutions. It provides a promising foundation for future research in addressing pressing environmental challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research outlines the development, comprehensive analysis, and assessment of the photocatalytic and antibacterial properties of ZnO/ZnSnO₃ nanocomposite (NC). The nanocomposite was synthesized using an eco-friendly green synthesis method with lemon peel extract. Techniques such as XRD, SEM, and FTIR verified the formation of dual-phase ZnO/ZnSnO₃ NC with an energy gap of ~ 1.9 eV and an average crystallite size of ~ 25.45 ± 1.24 nm. Photocatalytic degradation evaluated for Evans Blue (EB) dye under solar light indicated high degradation efficiency ~ 99.57% during 90 min, following pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant ~ 0.11 min⁻¹. Furthermore, ZnO/ZnSnO₃ NC exhibited notable antibacterial potential with inhibition zones ranging from (10.0 ± 1.3 to 12.0 ± 0.5) mm for E. coli and (9.0 ± 0.8 to 14.0 ± 0.6) mm for P. aeruginosa, with improved activity against K. pneumoniae and S. aureus. The as-prepared NC exhibited significant antifungal activity against C. albicans with inhibition zones ~ 22.0 ± 0.3 mm. The results obtained categorized ZnO/ZnSnO₃ NC as a potential candidate to be utilized for environmental cleanup and wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction of multi-interface contact step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst is a promising pathway to achieve high-electron transfer efficiency for photodegradation estrone and congo red. In this paper, g-C3N4 is chosen as the main photocatalyst, CeO2 nanosheet with the unique Ce4+ → Ce3+ conversion performance and Fe3O4-Reduced graphene oxide are loaded onto the g-C3N4 surface to bulid 2D-2D magnetic photocatalyst. The 2D–2D magnetic photocatalyst structure imparts reusability by magnetic retrieval and at the same time Fe3O4-Reduced graphene oxide acts as an efficient host for g-C3N4/CeO2 composite photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance is examined using etsrone and congo red. Photodegradation studies show the CeO2/g-C3N4/ Fe3O4- Reduced graphene oxide a composite catalyst can degrade 71% of estrone, 92% of congo red and 89% phenanthrene, Free radical scavenger test shows superoxide and hydroxyl radical species play a major role in the degradation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the magnetic CeO2/g-C3N4/ Fe3O4-Reduced graphene oxide possesses strong antibacterial properties against Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. A three-factor-three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) was selected to optimize three greatly influential parameters: light irradiation time (min), The quality of photocatalyst(mg) and pollution concentration(ppm) by response surface methodology. It is expected that CeO2/g-C3N4/ Fe3O4- Reduced graphene oxide can be used as a 2D–2D magnetic photocatalyst for to achieve its valorization, which have very broad development prospects in the field of environmental remediation or catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Biowaste conversion can achieve carbon neutrality and environmental sustainability. • Fabrication and formation mechanisms of BCMs were reviewed in plasma hybrid system. • Plasma modified BCM has a new transition lattice phase and exhibits high resilience. • Artificial intelligence is beneficial for applications in biowaste management. • Unique 2D structures can be designed from biowaste with fascinating properties. This review focuses on the recent advances in the sustainable conversion of biowaste to valuable carbonaceous materials. This study summarizes the significant progress in biowaste-derived carbon materials (BCMs) via a plasma hybrid system. This includes systematic studies like AI-based multi-coupling systems, promising synthesis strategies from an economic point of view, and their potential applications towards energy, environment, and biomedicine. Plasma modified BCM has a new transition lattice phase and exhibits high resilience, while fabrication and formation mechanisms of BCMs are reviewed in plasma hybrid system. A unique 2D structure can be designed and formulated from the biowaste with fascinating physicochemical properties like high surface area, unique defect sites, and excellent conductivity. The structure of BCMs offers various activated sites for element doping and it shows satisfactory adsorption capability, and dynamic performance in the field of electrochemistry. In recent years, many studies have been reported on the biowaste conversion into valuable materials for various applications. Synthesis methods are an indispensable factor that directly affects the structure and properties of BCMs. Therefore, it is imperative to review the facile synthesis methods and the mechanisms behind the formation of BCMs derived from the low-temperature plasma hybrid system, which is the necessity to obtain BCMs having desirable structure and properties by choosing a suitable synthesis process. Advanced carbon–neutral materials could be widely synthesized as catalysts for application in environmental remediation, energy conversion and storage, and biotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the promising potential of piezo‐catalysis in environmental remediation applications, the performance of various piezoelectric materials still suffer from low carrier concentrations, limited carrier mobility, and rapid recombination of electron‐hole pairs, and the reported modification strategies are quite intricate and challenging to implement. Herein, MoS2 with varying degrees of crystallinity is synthesized through drying and thermal treatment processes, and the effect of crystal engineering on the performance of the piezo‐activated peroxomonosulfate (PAP) system is investigated. The MoS2 annealed at 700 °C (M‐700) with a crystallization of 60.4% exhibited superior performance in the PAP system, which can degrade 99.6% of bisphenol A within 30 min with a mineralization rate of 57.0%. The positive correlation among the crystallinity of piezoelectric catalysts, the parameters of piezoelectric performance (d33) and piezo‐catalytic performance within a certain range is proposed. From the density functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the crystalline‐amorphous hybrid of M‐700 provided an appropriate charge transfer rate, electron concentration, and mechanical strength, which is more conducive to stimulate the active species chain reaction of PMS. This study provides a novel method for improving the piezo‐catalytic activities and holds great promise for water pollution treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have significantly expanded the potential applications of magnetic materials and devices. This review summarizes various AM methods, including ink‐based and ink‐free processes, and their use in fabricating complex magnetic structures with specific properties tailored for different fields. Key applications discussed include energy‐harvesting devices enhanced with magnetic nanoparticles, water decontamination through magnetically guided microswimmers, and magnetic soft composites in robotics and medical devices. In addition, the integration of AM in producing wearable and flexible magnetic sensors is highlighted, demonstrating its transformative impact on human‐machine interactions. Furthermore, rare‐earth‐free magnets and electric motor designs enabled by AM techniques are also discussed. Despite material compatibility and scalability challenges, AM provides opportunities for creating multifunctional, sustainable devices with reduced waste. Future research should focus on optimizing these techniques for complex applications and large‐scale production, particularly in eco‐friendly and industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of greater efforts to address antibiotic resistance, Ciprofloxacin (CIP) buildup in the aqueous medium continues to rise. The negative effects of CIP on the environment can be minimized through a comprehensive understanding of the technological advancements in removal techniques. The exploration of adsorbents like metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), activated carbon, porous organic polymers, etc., have found major usage in the adsorptive removal of antibiotics to tackle contamination. This study aims to compare the MOF‐based adsorbents and provide a guide to developing such materials for the successful removal of CIP. The isotherm models of the adsorbents are studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips isotherms. Furthermore, pseudo‐second‐order, pseudo‐first order, intra‐particle diffusion, and Elovich models are used to study the kinetic models. The major mechanisms of adsorption, such as π–π interactions, H‐bonding, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and pore filling, are also analyzed. This study contributes to the future scope for the development of these MOFs for further exploration and applications in environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) has gained significant momentum due to their remarkable properties, including adjustable pore sizes, extensive surface area, and customizable compositions, which have urged scientists to investigate their applicability in pertinent societal issues such as water absorption, environmental remediation, and sensor technology. MOFs have the ability to transport and detect specific biomolecules, including proteins. One such biomolecule is alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that can be influenced by various diseases and can lead to severe consequences when its regulation is disrupted. The porous nature of MOFs and their tunable nature allows them to selectively adsorb, interact directly or indirectly with ALP. This ultimately influences the electronic and optical properties of the MOF, leading to measurable changes. Early detection and continuous monitoring of ALP play a crucial role in the use of an effective treatment, and recent studies have shown that MOFs are effective in detecting alkaline phosphatases. This manuscript offers a thorough examination of the potential biomedical applications of MOFs for monitoring alkaline phosphatase and envisions possible future trends in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since cellulose is the most common biopolymer in the world, there has been a lot of interest in its nanoscale version called nanocellulose due to the growing demand for sustainable products. To validate nanocellulose as a key component in the shift to a bio‐based economy, this review provides a thorough and critical assessment of the valorization of cellulose into nanocellulose, highlighting its unique properties, cutting‐edge extraction methods, surface modifications, and multiple applications. The study thoroughly compares nanocellulose with other natural and synthetic polymers, in contrast to earlier research, emphasizing the latter's inferior mechanical qualities, biocompatibility, and adaptability. In addition, we discuss recent developments in surface modification and extraction techniques that improve the performance of nanocellulose in high‐impact applications like medication administration, electronics, packaging, and environmental remediation. This analysis demonstrates the economic and sustainability potential of nanocellulose and suggests strategic options for future research by summarizing recent advances and identifying research gaps. Our study shows that turning cellulose into nanocellulose is valuable not just as a research project but also as a critical first step in creating long‐lasting materials to deal with the pressing issues of the twenty‐first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing sustainable and eco-friendly methods for nanoparticle (NP) production in an era of environmental consciousness is crucial. This study introduces a novel approach to synthesizing silver (Ag) NPs using Citrus paradisi leaves extract (CPLE) as a green precursor at optimum conditions of the AgNO3 (2 mM) with CPLE in 1:3 ratio, at pH 14 and 80 °C temperature for reaction time of 4 h. The CP@AgNPs were formed and stabilized by Naringen, a major Citrus paradisi component. CP@AgNPs were thoroughly characterized through ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging techniques. CP@AgNPs demonstrated SPR peak at 450 nm, face cubic crystal structure, the average size of 8 nm, rod-shaped particle adsorbed on quasi-spherical shaped agglomerated NPs, significantly impacting both environmental and biomedical fields. In the catalytic degradation experiment, an application for environment pollutant reducer, CP@AgNPs, achieved an impressive 85% degradation efficiency of the methyl orange (MO) dye, showcasing their potential as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. Additionally, CP@AgNPs exhibited potent anti-biofilm properties, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.13 and 0.12 mg/ml against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively, indicating their promise in addressing biofilm-related issues in healthcare and industrial settings. CP@AgNPs also displayed exceptional antioxidant potential with IC50 values of 2.02, 0.07, and 0.035 mg/ml for CPLE, CP@AgNPs, and ascorbic acid, respectively, in scavenging DPPH radical, suggesting their utility in biomedical applications for mitigating oxidative stress. Notably, the bio-activity results of CP@AgNPs surpassed those of CP leaf extract, highlighting the enhanced properties achieved through this green synthesis approach. This study provides a sustainable and environmental remediation to biomedical science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nNOVELTY STATEMENTThis review article explores the applications of Basella alba (Malabar spinach), a fast-growing vine plant known for its numerous health benefits, culinary uses, and potential in dye and oil production. Fluoride contamination in water poses a significant global health and environmental challenge, particularly in regions where natural and industrial activities lead to elevated fluoride levels. Among its varied applications, B. alba has shown significant promise in the phytoremediation of contaminants in both water and soil, owing to its hyper accumulating capacities. The plant has a transfer factor value of more than 1 which means that there is higher accumulation of contaminants in parts of the plant than in soil. The objective of this review is to assess the feasibility of B. alba in contributing to sustainable water management solutions for fluoride contamination, while offering a comprehensive evaluation of its environmental remediation potential. The article examines the biosorption capabilities of B. alba based on its established use in phytoremediation, offering insights into its suitability for addressing fluoride contamination in water. This article is organized into sections starting with an introduction, which brings explains the global challenge of fluoride, and different treatment techniques justifying why biosorption needs to be considered, cases of application of phytoremediation using B. Alba, and finally exploring the success factors for plants that have been applied for both biosorption and phytoremediation.This review article presents a novel exploration of Basella alba (Malabar spinach) as a biosorbent—a material capable of adsorbing contaminants from solutions—for fluoride removal from aqueous environments. While B. alba is well-known for its health benefits, culinary uses, and broad phytoremediation capabilities, its specific application in fluoride biosorption remains underexplored. This review addresses that gap by providing key findings on the plant’s fluoride adsorption capacity, the influence of pretreatment methods (such as chemical modification), and its efficiency under varying environmental conditions. Additionally, the paper explores the synergistic effects of combining biosorption with other treatment strategies, demonstrating B. alba’s potential for enhanced performance. By focusing on how B. alba can contribute to the pressing challenge of fluoride contamination in water—an issue that poses significant health risks in many regions—this research introduces a sustainable, low-cost, and eco-friendly approach to water purification. The findings contribute to advancing plant-based environmental remediation methods, offering a viable solution to fluoride pollution in areas where traditional treatments may be less accessible or affordable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of escalating antibiotic pollution, this study presents a novel approach to remediation using a photothermal heterogeneous Fenton‐like catalyst, Bi12CoO20/rGO, which efficiently activates peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under near‐infrared (NIR) light. This catalyst capitalize on the NIR absorption capabilities of Bi12CoO20 and the electron transfer properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The restored sp2 structure of rGO serves as a conduit for electron transfer, crucial for the redox cycle of Co2+/Co3+ that facilitates PMS activation. Moreover, the incorporation of rGO significantly boosts the NIR absorption capacity of Bi12CoO20, thereby enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency of the composite and further promoting PMS activation. This synergy enables efficient light‐to‐heat conversion and PMS activation, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) essential for antibiotic degradation. Using levofloxacin (LVX) as a representative pollutant, the developed system achieves an impressive 99 % degradation rate within just 30 min under Bi12CoO20/rGO+PMS+NIR conditions. Moreover, this approach demonstrates robust stability and adaptability across diverse water compositions and pH ranges. Its eco‐friendly nature and renewable characteristics position it as a promising solution for combating antibiotic pollution through photothermal Fenton‐like technology, thereby harnessing solar energy for environmental remediation and fostering sustainable water management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezocatalysis is capable of harnessing mechanical energy for environmental remediation, which is regarded as a green and promising technology to be exploited. Piezoceramics are struggling to be used as highly efficient piezocatalysts due to their grain size reaching tens of micrometers usually. Herein, a feasible and straightforward method is proposed to turn piezoceramic powders into highly efficient piezocatalysts by integrating size optimization and oxygen vacancy modulation. This strategy is validated by treating lead‐free Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN) piezoceramic powders with high‐energy ball‐milling (hBM). The rate constant k value of 46.95 × 10−3 min−1 for rhodamine B (RhB) piezocatalytic degradation of SBN‐hBM‐12h is almost 18 times higher than that of pristine SBN. Besides, the SBN‐hBM‐12 h catalyst performed superior antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli. The enhanced piezocatalytic efficiency is attributed to the introduced abundant oxygen vacancies absorbing and activating O2 into reactive oxygen species. Well‐modulated oxygen vacancy concentration can effectively accelerate the generation and separation of free carriers. However, the excess oxygen vacancies in SBN render the weakened piezoresponse thus suppressing the piezocatalytic activity. This study elucidates the critical role of oxygen vacancies in piezocatalysis and provides insights into the development of efficient piezocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a time characterized by the increasing interest in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as widely researched crystalline porous substances geared toward enhancing device and system capabilities across diverse environmental contexts, 2D MOFs emerge as a noteworthy class of nanomaterials that integrate the benefits of 2D structures with the unique characteristics inherent to MOFs. These 2D MOFs possess ultrathin nanosheet configuration, abundant accessible active sites, and remarkable mechanical flexibility. Such distinctive properties differentiate them from bulk MOFs and other 2D materials, offering the potential to instigate novel environmental phenomena and applications. This review focuses on the latest progress in the application of 2D MOFs within essential water‐related ecological fields, including contaminant adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, membrane separation, environmental sensing, and disinfection. A variety of synthesis approaches for 2D MOFs are analyzed, accompanied by a discussion on their effectiveness across different environmental settings. The unique structure and features of 2D MOFs that grant outstanding environmental functionalities are compared with those of bulk MOFs. The environmental ramifications of 2D MOFs are highlighted while outlining future research needs to explore the environmental applications of these innovative materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnS/WO3 composite nanoplates were created by a hydrothermal vulcanization reaction using ZnO as the sacrificial layer. ZnO films were deposited on the surface of WO3 nanoplates with different sputtering times to act as templates for the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnS/WO3 nanoplates with different ZnS contents. Structural analysis revealed the sputtering time of the ZnO sacrificial shell layer affected the surface morphology and crystal defects of the ZnS/WO3 composite materials. The formation of tight heterojunction interfaces and an appropriate number of heterojunctions enhanced the transport of charge carriers, resulting in improved photocatalytic efficiency. Compared to pristine WO3 nanoplates, the ZnS/WO3 (WZS) series composite materials showed superior photoelectrochemical properties. The WZS350 composite sample with 3.1 at% Zn and 3.3 at% S was identified as the best photocatalyst. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that WO3 nanoplates with appropriate ZnS particle modification can effectively regulate their surface photosensitivity, offering a promising approach for the application of photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of antibiotics in water has resulted in significant environmental contamination, posing potential health risks. This necessitates the development of efficient methods for their removal from wastewater. This review explores the potential of UiO (Universitetet i Oslo) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for the adsorption of dyes and pharmaceuticals from water. UiO MOFs possess exceptional characteristics, including ultra-high porosity and remarkable stability, making them ideal candidates for pollutant adsorption compared to traditional adsorbents. Studies have demonstrated the exceptional performance of UiO MOFs in removing antibiotics from water at various concentrations. This high adsorption efficiency is attributed to their extensive Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and pore volume, offering numerous binding sites for pollutants. The adsorption affinity between UiO MOFs and antibiotics is governed by various interactions, such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π–π stacking. These interactions are influenced by the surface charge of the target pollutant and the zeta potential of the MOF surface. Furthermore, the detection mechanisms for antibiotics including, fluorescence quenching, photocatalytic degradation, adsorption, sensing, and other methods, are discussed in this review. Overall, this review emphasizes the promising potential of UiO MOFs as efficient adsorbents for removing antibiotics from water, offering a viable solution for environmental cleanup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laccase is an enzyme known for its eco-friendly uses in environmental cleanup and biotechnology. However, it has limitations such as low stability, high cost, and complex recycling. So, there is a need for laccase mimics that can effectively imitate its properties. Herein, we created copper formate–lysine nanoparticles (Cuf-Lys) that mimic laccase's activity. The developed Cuf-Lys demonstrated remarkable polyphenol oxidase-like activity, stability, and recyclability, making them suitable for the fabrication of efficient colorimetric sensors for the detection of epinephrine. These sensors had a specific response and could accurately measure epinephrine concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 50 μM, with a detection limit as low as 1 μM. Furthermore, the biosensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity when applied to the detection of rutin. The limit of detection for rutin was determined to be 0.16 μM while in the linear concentration range of 0.25 to 150.0 μM. We believe that Cuf-Lys provide a new route for the design of laccase mimics, showing potential applications for biomedical diagnosis and environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic evaluation of a polypyrrole-reinforced zinc-nickel mixed metal ferrite (PPy@ Zn 0.5 Ni 0.5 Fe 2 O 4) nanohybrid. A facile hydrothermal process is employed to synthesize the nanostructured zinc-nickel mixed metal ferrite (ZNF), and in situ oxidative polymerization is utilized to create the PPy nanohybrid. In this nanohybrid, PPy plays multiple roles: preventing charge recombination, reducing photocorrosion, mitigating particle aggregation in ZNF, and enhancing charge transfer and visible light absorption. The combined electron-capturing ability, intrinsic conductivity, and extensive π-conjugation of PPy, along with the magnetic nature of ZNF, render the PPy@ZNF catalyst highly efficient. The results of photoluminescence, impedance, and UV/Vis analysis confirm that PPy plays a critical role in enhancing photocatalytic performance by facilitating charge transfer and extending visible-light absorption. In practical environmental applications, the PPy@ZNF nanohybrid demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity compared to ZNF alone, degrading 98.5 % of malachite green dye under W-lamp light within 80 min, with a rate constant of 0.031 min−1. Scavenger and cyclic experiments identified the active species involved in dye degradation and assessed the reusability of the nanohybrid. Extensive testing revealed the optimal conditions for photocatalytic efficiency; the considered variables included light intensity, catalyst dose, dye concentration, temperature, irradiation time, and pH. These findings suggest that the PPy-reinforced ZNF nanohybrid offers cost-effectiveness, magnetic recoverability, structural stability, and high efficacy as a visible light-driven catalyst, making it a promising candidate for diverse environmental remediation applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning technology has demonstrated extensive applications in biomedical engineering, energy storage, and environmental remediation. However, its utilization in the cosmetic industry remains relatively underexplored. To address the challenges associated with skin damage caused by preservatives and thickeners used for extending the shelf life of conventional products, a soothing lavender-scented electrospun fibrous eye mask with coaxial layers was developed using the electrospinning technique. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as the hydrophilic outer sheath, while polycaprolactone (PCL) constituted the hydrophobic core, with lavender oil (LO) encapsulated within. The structural and physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle measurements. Upon hydration, the fibrous membrane exhibited strong adhesion properties, notable antioxidant activity, and a degree of antibacterial efficacy, demonstrating its potential for safe and effective use in skincare and eye mask applications. These findings suggest that the developed electrospun material offers promising functional properties and functional properties for integration into cosmetic formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing highly efficient catalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants driven by solar light in aquatic environments is a promising and green strategy. In this study, a novel hexagonal sheet-like Pt/SnS2 heterojunction photocatalyst is successfully designed and fabricated using a hydrothermal method and photodeposition process for photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) degradation. The optimal Pt/SnS2 hybrid behaves with excellent photocatalytic performance, with a degradation efficiency of 91.27% after 120 min, a reaction rate constant of 0.0187 min−1, and durability, which can be attributed to (i) the formation of a metal/semiconductor interface field caused by loading Pt nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of SnS2, facilitating the separation of photo-induced charge carriers; (ii) the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Pt NPs, extending the light absorption range; and (iii) the sheet-like structure of SnS2, which can shorten the transmission distance of charge carriers, thereby allowing more electrons (e−) and holes (h+) to transfer to the surface of the catalyst. This work provides new insights with the utilization of sheet-like structured materials for highly active photocatalytic TC degradation in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclodextrins (CDs) have garnered significant attention in various scientific and industrial fields due to their unique ability to form inclusion complexes with a wide range of guest molecules. This review comprehensively explores the latest advancements in cyclodextrin chemistry, focusing on the synthesis and characterization of cyclodextrin derivatives and their inclusion complexes. This review examines the biological activities of cyclodextrins, highlighting their pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics, and discussing their promising applications in drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the industrial utilization of cyclodextrins, including their role in nanomaterials and nanostructured coatings, as well as their potential in environmental remediation, are explored. The present research also addresses the critical aspect of toxicity, particularly concerning cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, providing an overview of the current understanding and safety considerations. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the aim is to present a complete view of cyclodextrins, underscoring their versatility and impact across various domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functionalized nanomaterials with surface-active groups have garnered significant research interest due to their wide-ranging applications, particularly in water treatment for removing various contaminants. This study focuses on developing a novel, multi-functional nanobiosorbent by synthesizing nanosized biochar from artichoke leaves (NBAL) and molybdic acid (MA). The resulting nanobiosorbent, MA@NBAL, is produced through a microwave-irradiation process, offering a promising material for enhanced environmental remediation. The characteristics of assembled MA@NBAL were evaluated from SEM-EDX, XPS, TGA, FT-IR, and zeta potential detection. The size of particles ranged from 18.7 to 23.7 nm. At the same time, the EDX analysis denoted the existence of several major elements with related percentage values of carbon (52.9%), oxygen (27.6%), molybdenum (8.8%), and nitrogen (4.5%) in the assembled MA@NBAL nanobiosorbent. The effectiveness of MA@NBAL in removing Hg(II) ions was monitored via the batch study method. The optimized maximum removal capacity of Hg(II) ions onto MA@NBAL was established at pH 6.0, 30.0 min equilibrium time, and 20 mg of nanobiosorbent, providing 1444.25 mg/g with a 10.0 mmol/L concentration of Hg(II). Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, with R2 values ranging from 0.993 to 0.999 for the two tested Hg(II) concentrations, indicating excellent alignment with the experimental data. This suggests that the chemisorption mechanism involves cation exchange and complex formation. Isotherm model evaluation further confirmed the adsorption mechanism, with the Freundlich model providing the best fit, yielding an R2 of 0.962. This result indicates that Hg(II) adsorption onto the surface of MA@NBAL nanobiosorbent occurs on a heterogeneous surface with multilayer formation characteristics. The results of the temperature factor and computation of the thermodynamic parameters referred to endothermic behavior via a nonspontaneous process. Finally, the valid applicability of MA@NBAL nanobiosorbent in the adsorptive recovery of 2.0 and 5.0 µg/mL Hg(II) from contaminated real aquatic matrices was explored in this study, providing 91.2–98.6% removal efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrialization activities have increased the discharge of wastewater that is polluted with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), posing risks to ecosystems and humans. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) is viewed as a promising method for the removal of Cr(VI) species. However, developing photocatalysts with the desired catalytic activity, recyclability, and reusability remains a challenge. Herein, a composite aerogel was designed and fabricated with a Ti-based metal–organic framework (MIL-125-NH2) and carboxylated nanocellulose. MIL-125-NH2 presents a strong visible-light response, and the interactions between the amino groups of MIL-125-NH2 and the carboxyl groups of cellulose produce a strong interface affinity in the composites. The as-prepared aerogels exhibited a micro/macroporous structure. At an optimal MIL-125-NH2 loading of 55 wt%, the MC-5 sample showed a specific surface area of 582 m2·g−1. MC-5 achieved a photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 99.8%. Meanwhile, the aerogel-type photocatalysts demonstrated good stability and recycling ability, as MC-5 maintained a removal rate of 82% after 10 cycles. This work sheds light on the preparation of novel photocatalysts with three-dimensional structures for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous catalysts with a high specific surface area, accessible pore structures, and appropriate band edges are desirable for optimal charge transfer across the interfaces, suppress electron‐hole recombination, and promote redox reactions at the active sites. The present study demonstrates the rational design of mesoporous ZnFe2O4@g‐C3N4 magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) with different pore sizes and pore volumes following a combination of facile thermal itching and thermal impregnation methods. The MNCs preserve the structural, morphological, and physical attributes of their counterparts while ensuring their effectiveness and superior catalytic capabilities. The morphological analysis confirms the successful grafting and confinement of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with the polymeric g‐C3N4 nanosheets to form heterojunctions with numerous interfaces. The MNCs possess uniformly distributed small mesopores (pore size <4 nm), ample active sites, and a high specific surface area of 62.50 m2/g. The mesoporous ZnFe2O4@g‐C3N4 notably improve hydrogen evolution rate and methylene blue dye degradation. The optimal loading weight of ZnFe2O4 is 20 %, in which the MNCs display the highest hydrogen evolution rate of 1752 μmol g−1 h−1 and photo‐Fenton dye degradation rate constants of 0.147 min−1, upon solar‐light illumination. Furthermore, the photocatalysts demonstrate recyclability over five consecutive cycles, confirming their stability, while easy separation using a simple magnet underscores practical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural essence, biocompatibility, and pleiotropic functioning of plant polyphenols have swiftly emerged as integrated assets for biomedical and environmental applications of plant resources capped ZnO NPs. Simultaneous reducing cum capping abilities, synergistic edible prospects, and precursor‐plant extract stoichiometry‐driven robust size‐shape modulation are the major encouragements being explored for increasing recent interest in biomedical‐environmental applications of plant extracts (PEs) capped ZnO NPs. The structure‐function dynamics of extracts from leaves, roots, fruits, seeds, and whole plants sum up the multifaceted applications of polyphenols‐capped ZnO NPs. Recent interest in plant resources' biomedical and environmental utility capped ZnO NPs mandates discussing the correlative mechanisms for sustainable future insights. PEs capped ZnO NPs as drug carriers and sensing agents significantly moderate the toxic chemotherapeutic drug intake via enhanced tumor cell internalization, aided by synergistic immune‐modulating actions of constituent phytochemicals. On the environmental front, integrated antioxidant features of plant resources and ZnO NPs make them potent degrading agents for the sustainable degradation of persisting effluents. Keeping the above aspects in mind, this review article focuses on the correlative mechanisms underlying the biomedical and environmental remediation applications of plant resources made ZnO NPs. This article would augment the awareness of ZnO NPs multifaceted applications for consolidating the understanding of predictive mechanistic controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF in situ one-spot preparation of ETTA-DFP COF to TCBP-HOF. • ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF for both monitoring and adsorbing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and metamitron (MET) • ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF with dual-emission for sensing 4-NP and MET with different response modes. • ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF with desirable specific surface area for efficient removal of 4-NP and MET. A multifunctional COF@HOF (ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF) composite is prepared by adding red-fluorescent ETTA-DFP COF to the blue-fluorescent TCBP-HOF preparation system through molecular hydrogen bonding or π − π stacking interactions in situ one-pot synthesis. ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF is a multifunctional material for the quantitative detection and simultaneous adsorption of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and metamitron (MET) in aqueous solution. As a dual-emission fluorescent sensor, the ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF has both fluorescence of TCBP-HOF at 474 nm and ETTA-DFP COF at 592 nm, which shows a ratiometric response to 4-NP and MET with high selectivity, good sensitivity, good anti-interference performance and fast response. As a adsorbent, ETTA-DFP@TCBP-HOF displays rapid adsorption kinetics, and acceptable adsorption capacity for 4-NP and MET. In conclusion, this work constructs a novel multifunctional hybrid material with dual-emission center of HOF and COF, which can not only be used as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for detection, but also for removal of hazardous pollutants, suggesting a new strategy for environmental remediation and human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe hazardous nature of heavy metals (HMs) in the ecosystem has drawn global attention due to its emergence as a major environmental and public health concern. As toxic metals are non-degradable, they affect not only animals but also human beings and vegetation. These HMs are long-lasting pollutants that travel vast distances from their site of origin in the environment and bioaccumulate in humans and other organisms through the food chain. These pollutants can cause extensive pollution since they are frequently produced by industrial activities and inappropriate disposal procedures. Biosurfactants’ (BSs) versatility makes them an appealing category that plays an essential role in various biotechnological applications for environmental remediation. BSs have a variety of characteristics, including metal binding, solubilization, and emulsification. They remediate the HMs through processes like complexation, ion exchange, and metal solubilization. Furthermore, owing to their amphiphilic nature, they improve the sorption and solubility of hydrophobic contaminants and reduce the surface area and interfacial tension of immiscible liquids. As a result, BS-based remediation plays an important part in the heavy metal removal process in multiple ways. This review aims to provide information on the function of BSs in eliminating HMs through bioremediation processes for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of materials from renewable sources instead of fossil fuels is a crucial step forward in the industrial transition toward sustainability. Among polysaccharides, alginate stands out as a versatile and eco‐friendly candidate due to its ability to form functional complexes with cations. This review provides an up‐to‐date and comprehensive description of alginate complexation with specific cations, focusing on how interaction forces can be harnessed to tailor the physicochemical properties of cation‐alginate‐based functional materials. Methodologies and approaches for the development and multiscale characterization of these materials are introduced and discussed. Alginate complexes with mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetravalent cations (namely Ag+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, UO22+, Cr3+, Fe3+, Al3+, Ga3+, Y3+, La3+, Ce3+, Nd3+, Eu3+, Tb3+, Gd3+, Zr4+, Th4+) are reviewed. Each cation is discussed individually, highlighting how it can uniquely influence the material properties thereby unlocking new potentials for the design of advanced functional materials. Key challenges and opportunities in applying these complexes across diverse fields, such as biomedicine, environmental remediation, food additives and supplements, flame retardants, sensors, supercapacitors, catalysis, and mechanical isolators are assessed, providing evidence of the transformative potential of cation‐alginate complexes for tackling global challenges and advancing cutting‐edge technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe present work reports the bioremediation ability of cow dung isolated bacterial strain Cellulosomicrobium cellulans KHP3 identified by applying PCR amplification and rRNA gene sequencing. The potential of C. cellulans KHP3 to tolerate different concentrations of heavy metals was investigated by growing the novel strain on nutrient agar medium supplemented with increasing concentrations (in ppm) of heavy metals i.e., Chromium (50–1500) Copper (50–200), and Zinc (50–200). The strain KHP3 displayed maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) of 1500 ppm against Chromium while 200 ppm was observed for Copper and Zinc. The strain KHP3 was found to be very effective in the removal of Chromium as indicated by 59.8% removal percentage followed by Zinc (36.6%) and Copper (20.4%) after 72 h of incubation at 37 °C. The higher biosorption capacity of our strain was achieved against Chromium (349.6 mg/g) followed by Zinc (198.8 mg/g) and Copper (58.6 mg/g) which reflects the potential of bacterial strain to absorb a greater amount of heavy metal ions. Following bioremediation assay, the strain C. cellulans KHP3 was subjected to FE-SEM coupled with EDS and FTIR to confirm surface morphological and physiochemical changes resulting from heavy metal adsorption. FE-SEM observation provided substantial information on the immobilization ofChromium, Copperand Zincions on the bacterial cell surface while EDS peaks revealed surface bio-sorption of these heavy metals. The binding of heavy metals on the surface of C. cellulans KHP3 was proved through FTIR study which revealed the involvement of various functional groups acting as surface ligand such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and amine present on bacterial surface. Moreover, studies based on Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherm models were also done to further validate the adsorption mechanism of our strain. The significant R2 values of 0.9983 and 0.9852 observed in case of Chromium and Zinc respectively depicted monolayer adsorption. On the other hand, R2 value 0.7959 in case of Copper significantly revealed multilayer adsorption mechanism. The findings highlight the biosorption ability of Cellulosomicrobium cellulans KHP3 for heavy metals that may be explored in the remediation of environmental pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient harnessing of solar energy presents a significant challenge in environmental cleanup efforts. This study develops a highly effective carbon quantum dots-modified hollow core-shell TiO2-LaFeO3 heterojunction photocatalyst (CDs-TLFO). Structural analysis confirmed that nanosheets are loaded with CQDs, forming a hollow core-shell structure with intimate interconnection. Photocatalytic experiments reveal that CDs-TLFO degrads tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) 2.02 times faster than TLFO alone, and significantly outperformes h-TiO2 and LaFeO3 (11.28 and 2.78 times, respectively). This enhancement is attributed to CQDs acting as electron acceptors with upconversion properties, enhancing the separation of e–-h+ pairs and boosting visible light absorption. Integration of CQDs onto the TLFO surface creates numerous active sites and enhances visible light absorption. SEM and TEM tests confirm that the catalyst has a hollow core-shell structure. ESR tests and radical trapping experiments indicate that the high degradation efficiency of the catalyst mainly owns to the synergistic effect of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O2−). The reusability and stability of the catalysts are investigated, potential TC degradation pathways are proposed as well as the photocatalytic reaction mechanism is revealed. This research introduces promising avenues for environmental cleanup and offers a straightforward, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly method for producing CDs-TLFO heterojunction materials with superior photocatalytic capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments poses significant threats, including the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the disruption of aquatic ecosystems. This study explores the photodegradation of tetracycline, a widely utilized antibiotic, utilizing NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@ZIF-67 as a photocatalyst. Various characterization tests were conducted to validate the photocatalyst including FT-IR, XRD, BET, TGA, FE-SEM, and TEM images which prove the accurate synthesis of the core–shell. Experiments were conducted under controlled conditions: pH 5, a photocatalyst dosage of 30 mg, an initial concentration of 40 ppm, and a reaction duration of 30 min. The core–shell NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@ZIF-67 photocatalyst demonstrates high efficiency about 95.2% of degrading tetracycline through a hole-mediated mechanism. Upon light irradiation, the material generates electron–hole pairs, with holes oxidizing adsorbed tetracycline molecules. The introduction of NH2 functional groups enhances photocatalytic efficiency by facilitating electron transfer, ROS generation, and adsorption capacity. This photocatalytic process involves the adsorption of tetracycline, the generation of holes, the oxidation of tetracycline molecules, and their ultimate mineralization into less harmful byproducts. The antenna effect, where amine groups within MOFs absorb light and transfer electrons to catalytic sites, further contributes to the enhanced photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, regeneration tests explained that NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@ZIF-67 shows significant stability which was further proved by PXRD pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]