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The study examined whether atypical sensory processing (ASP) deteriorate executive function (EFs), anxiety and quality of life (QoL) of children with ADHD. Participants were 28 boys with ADHD; 31 with ADHD + ASP; 56 with typical development. Parents completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP); BRIEF; RCMAS (anxiety) and PedsQoL. Boys with ADHD + ASP had the lowest EFs, highest anxiety and lowest QoL. ASP predicted lower social QoL; Anxiety predicted lower emotional QoL; reduced EFs predicted lower school QoL. ASP in ADHD may increase anxiety, reduce EFs and QoL. ASP should be screened with respect to child's cognitive/emotional status and daily function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurological conditions are frequently described and treated with emphasis on primarily body dysfunctions that appear in the diagnostic criteria. This perspective paper aims to provide knowledge about the involvement of secondary body dysfunctions – altered sensory modulation – in neurological conditions and their relevance to neuro-rehabilitation. This paper refers to children and adults, to provide a life span view. Health models and approaches are discussed to bring ideas for optimizing rehabilitation. Perspective based on narrative literature review. Altered sensory modulation is prevalent in neurological conditions. It is related to clinical symptoms, comorbidities and severity level. Many studies focus on specific modalities and on laboratory/clinical measurements. However, information gathered from subjective measures reflects the alterations in various sensory modalities and their negative impacts on the individuals' daily activity performance, participation and quality of life (QOL). Neuro-rehabilitation should consider altered sensory modulation in neurological conditions, apply health models with broad perspective, as the ICF, with multi-disciplinary team, objective and subjective measures to understand how pathogenic mechanisms in primary and secondary body dysfunctions impact the performance and participation in daily life. This approach may optimize the individuals' involvement in therapy, enhance daily function and QOL and elevate intervention success. Sensory modulation should be evaluated in children and adults with neurologic conditions. The evaluation and intervention should refer to the involvement of altered sensory modulation in the conditions' clinical characteristics, severity and comorbidities. In case altered sensory modulation is found, the evaluation and intervention should incorporate a multi-disciplinary collaboration and health models such as the ICF model, to optimize neuro-rehabilitation efficiency. Objective measures should be applied to profile altered sensory modulation and its role in pathogenic mechanisms. Subjective measures should also be used to reflect the expressions of altered sensory modulation as experienced by the individual (and family members), in daily life scenarios. By bridging between the clinic and the individuals' real-life context, rehabilitation process and outcomes may be optimized, in terms of the individual's greater involvement in therapy, better function and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory modulation is critical for interacting with the physical and social environment. When sensory input from the environment is not properly perceived and modulated, it may elevate arausability, avoidant behavior, impair function and wellbeing. Sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) are mainly reported during childhood and are related to neurodevelopmental conditions such as Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). SMD in adulthood further deteriorate function and emotional status, hence should be screened and treated. Nonetheless, relevant measures of SMD for adults are limited. This study aims to establish the psychometric properties of the "SENSE" - Sensory and Behavioral Modulation Questionnaire for adults. Based on theoretical/clinical knowledge the SENSE measures sensitivity/arousability, habituation and avoidance. After establishing content and face validity, 663 participants aged 18–65 completed a sociodemographic and health questionnaire, the Adult ADHD Scale-5 (ASRS-5), the SENSE and the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS). Factor analysis approved the determination of SENSE scales. Medium- high internal consistency was found. SENSE discriminated between adults with/without ADHD and correlated with HSPS scores, confirming concurrent validity. SENSE has good psychometric properties and may be feasible for screening sensory-behavioral modulation difficulties in adults. Studies should further examine SENSE applicability to clinical populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare sensory processing and functional behavior abilities between participants with multiple sclerosis (MS), with and without cognitive impairments, and healthy controls, and to examine the role disease severity, cognitive impairment, and sensory processing have in predicting the functional behavior of persons with MS. Sixty-one participants with MS were enrolled in this study, 43 with cognitive impairments and 18 without (based on the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS composite z-score), and 36 healthy controls. Participants were between the ages 23 and 63 and asked to complete the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Functional Behavior Profile, and MS Functional Composite. Both MS groups showed sensory processing difficulties with lower ability to register sensory input and greater sensory sensitivity and avoidance versus healthy controls. Among both MS groups, sensory processing difficulties correlated with greater disease severity and poor functional behavior in daily life. The significant predictors of functional behavior in daily life were a lower ability to register sensory input and greater sensory avoidance. Persons with MS have sensory processing difficulties regardless of their cognitive abilities, which negatively affect their functional behavior. Research and practice should further explore the role of sensory processing as expressed in daily scenarios for persons with MS and consider the functional impacts of this study in order to optimize daily life experiences for patients. Sensory processing difficulties in multiple sclerosis (MS) are mainly expressed in poor ability to register and modulate sensory input from daily environment, regardless of patients' cognitive status. Sensory processing difficulties in MS may affect patients' ability to perform activities of daily living. Sensory processing difficulties in MS should be evaluated using objective measures (electrophysiology tools) as well as self-reports that reflect patients' difficulties in real life context. Intervention programs in MS should refer to sensory processing difficulties, to their correlation with disease severity, cognitive status and to their impacts on people's daily function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To the Editor, Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has detrimental effects on patients' quality of life (QoL) and emotional well-being.1 Patients with CSU have increased levels of emotional distress, anxiety, depression and somatoform disorders, and their elevated stress correlates with CSU activity.2,3 Mechanisms of stress-induced CSU exacerbation suggest that patients with CSU may be vulnerable to stressors and have altered and exaggerated stress responses. CSU patients had stronger skin vasculature responses as assessed by laser speckle measurements of cutaneous perfusion, both after the first startle (58.6 ± 13.5 vs. 46.4 ± 14.1, I p i = .021) and at the end of the stress exposure session (59.5 ± 38.0 vs. 42.9 ± 20.5, I p i = .007). The increased reactivity of CSU patients to startle stimuli and impaired PPI in CSU patients suggests a disrupted activity of their nervous system. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: (1) To profile sensory deficits examined in the ability to process sensory information from daily environment and discriminate between tactile stimuli among patients with controlled and un-controlled diabetes mellitus. (2) Examine the relationship between the sensory deficits and patients’ health-related quality of life. Methods: This study included 115 participants aged 33-55 with uncontrolled (n = 22) or controlled (n = 24) glycemic levels together with healthy subjects (n = 69). All participants completed the brief World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and performed the tactile discrimination test. Results: Sensory deficits were more emphasized among patients with uncontrolled glycemic levels as expressed in difficulties to register sensory input, lower sensation seeking in daily environments and difficulties to discriminate between tactile stimuli. They also reported the lowest physical and social quality of life as compared to the other two groups. Better sensory seeking and registration predicted better quality of life. Disease control and duration contributed to these predictions. Conclusions: Difficulties in processing sensory information from their daily environments are particularly prevalent among patients with uncontrolled glycemic levels, and significantly impacted their quality of life. Clinicians should screen for sensory processing difficulties among patients with diabetes mellitus and understand their impacts on patients’ quality of life. Implications for Rehabilitation: Patients with diabetes mellitus, and particularly those with uncontrolled glycemic levels, may have difficulties in processing sensory information from daily environment. A multidisciplinary intervention approach is recommended: clinicians should screen for sensory processing deficits among patients with diabetes mellitus and understand their impacts on patients’ daily life. By providing the patients with environmental adaptations and coping strategies, clinicians may assist in optimizing sensory experiences in real life context and elevate patients’ quality of life. Relating to quality of life and emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach is of major importance in broadening our understanding of health conditions and providing holistic treatment for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sensory processing patterns have been proposed as a stable dimension able to characterize individuals with major affective disorders, but to what extent specific impairments in sensory processing may be involved in the pathophysiology of these conditions is poorly understood. We aimed to explore which sensory profiles may better respond to psychoactive medications, with particular regard to antidepressants, according to depression, alexithymia, and hopelessness levels.Methods: A total of 402 outpatients who received maintenance treatment and were in stable psychopathological conditions were recruited and completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) according to a longitudinal prospective study design including three time points of measurements.Results: Subjects with abnormally reduced sensory seeking, hypersensitivity, enhanced sensory avoidance, and lower ability to register information better responded to antidepressant medications according to their reduced depression levels. Similarly, participants with lower registration better responded to antidepressants as reported by lower hopelessness levels. Regression analyses revealed that the use of antidepressants was the first variable able to predict depression, hopelessness, and alexithymia levels at baseline, and after three and six months of treatment, respectively, but the pattern of sensory sensitivity contribute to the prediction of depression and hopelessness. This pattern together with low registration predicted changes in alexithymia levels.Limitations: The study was limited by the modest sample size at the follow-up assessment points.Discussion: Exploring sensory processing patterns may provide intriguing insights into specific illness characteristics and treatment response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation is a central concept in health and well-being and healthcare, yet operationalizing this concept has been difficult. Its definition, uses in healthcare, and impacts on recovery require ongoing research. Our review question goes like this: from the longitudinal evidence investigating participation among stroke survivors, what are the patterns of participation recovery in stroke survivors over time, and what interventions are used to improve participation? To fully understand these questions, we also ask, how is participation defined in the stroke literature, and what are the measures of participation used in the stroke literature? A systematic scoping review was undertaken using the search terms “stroke,” “longitudinal,” “participation,” and “outcome” in seven databases. Articles included were published until April 2017, written in English, and had at least two longitudinal assessments of participation. Fifty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health was the most frequent definition of participation used (34%). There were 22 different measures of participation. Eight of ten studies demonstrated significant improvements in participation up to 12 months poststroke. Efficacy of interventions and their impact on participation varied. The various definitions, measures, and intervention efficacies of participation highlight the need for further research worldwide into achieving meaningful participation and quality of life among stroke survivors. Future practice should include participation as a main outcome measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:To explore the role of physical status versus mental status in predicting the quality of life (QOL) of patients with lumbar disk herniation (LDH). Method:In this correlative study 51 patients with LDH were recruited in their conservative stage of treatment. After profiling their physical status, all participants reported about pain level (according to VAS), pain perception using the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and disability level (according to Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire). Their mental status was evaluated using the Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Their QOL was evaluated by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Results:Physical status/disability level correlated with anxiety and depression. While Physical status predicted physical QOL, mental status, and mainly anxiety and depression were the significant predictors of psychological, social, and environmental QOL. Conclusions:Mental status may play a significant role in reducing most QOL domains among patients with LDH. The evaluation and intervention process should consider both physical and mental status and their relation to the person's QOL. Since QOL is a major parameter in determining intervention type and success this elaborated perspective may contribute to the intervention planning and outcomes.Implications for rehabilitaionA significant mental distress may accompany the physical disability of patients with LDH.The role of this mental distress in reducing the QOL of patients with LDH may be greater than that of their physical disability.The evaluation and intervention for patients with LDH should refer to both physical and mental status and explore their impacts on quality of life in order to elevate intervention success. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Extreme sensory processing patterns may contribute to the pathophysiology of major affective disorders. We aimed to examine whether significant correlations exist between sensory profiles, hypomania, self-reported depression, and hopelessness and whether sensory profiles may be potential mediators of the association between hypomania and depression/hopelessness.Methods: The sample consisted of 488 euthymic affective disorder patients of which 283 diagnosed with unipolar and 162 with bipolar disorder with an age ranging from 18 to 65 years (mean = 47.82 ± 11.67).Results: Lower registration of sensory input and sensory sensitivity significantly correlated with elevated self-reported depression, hopelessness, and irritable/risk-taking hypomania while sensation seeking and avoiding significantly correlated with elevated depression and hopelessness but not with irritable/risk-taking hypomania. Moreover, individuals with lower ability to register sensory input and higher hypomania showed higher self-reported depression than those with good registration of sensory information. According to SEM analyses, there was both a direct/indirect effect of irritable/risk-taking on depression-hopelessness with the mediation model explaining 48% of the variance in depression-hopelessness.Limitations: The relatively small sample size and the cross-sectional nature of the study design do not allow the generalization of the main findings.Conclusion: Low registration was associated with enhanced depressed mood and hopelessness while sensory seeking may be considered a resilient factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often face significant deficits in executive function and adverse work-related outcomes. This study aimed to explore the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD. We hypothesized that employees with ADHD, relative to employees without ADHD, will experience higher levels of job burnout and deficits in executive function. We also hypothesized that the ADHD-job burnout relationship would be mediated through executive function deficits, specifically by selfmanagement to time and self-organization/problem-solving. A field study with 171 employees provided support for the research hypotheses and mediation model in which the employees' ADHD-job burnout relationship was mediated through executive function deficits. Additional mediation analyses indicated that the specific executive function of self-management to time and self-organization/problem-solving mediated the effect of ADHD on job burnout and its facets. Specifically, for physical fatigue, the mediation was realized through self-management to time, and for emotional exhaustion and cognitive weariness, the mediation was significant through selforganization/problem-solving. The present findings shed light on the relevance of referring ADHD among employees, their vulnerability to job burnout, and the role of executive function deficits in job burnout of employees with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:(i) To compare children with DCD and typically developing participants via standard motor assessments, two interactive virtual games, measures of physical, social and cognitive self-competence and feedback while playing the virtual games and (ii) To examine the contribution of age and each motor assessment to predict self-competence. Methods:Participants were 25 boys with DCD and 25 typically developing boys, aged 5–9 years. They completed the M-ABC-2, the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence, the 6-Minute Walk Test, and then played the two Kinect games and completed the Short Feedback Questionnaire for Children. Results:Children with DCD showed lower physical competence and lower performance than the typical controls in all standard motor assessments. This performance significantly correlated with the children achievements in part of virtual games and with their self-perceived experience while performing within virtual environments. Among the DCD group, Kinect Running game significantly predicted physical and social competence. Conclusions:The significant correlations between the virtual games and standard motor assessments support the feasibility of using these games when evaluating children with DCD for the richer profile they provide.Implications for rehabilitationClinicians should refer to the impacts of DCD on child's self-competence and daily life.Technological rehabilitation and the use of VR games have the potential to improve self-competence of children with DCD.By including VR games that simulate real life in the intervention for DCD, clinicians may raise child's enjoyment, self-competence and involvement in therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background The clinical expressions of hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1- INH- HAE) and its related burden may negatively affect patient quality of life. This study aimed to assess health-related quality of life ( HRQoL) in children with C1- INH- HAE. Methods Children (N = 98: 34 C1- INH- HAE patients, 64 healthy controls) aged 3-18 years were recruited in Israel and Hungary. All individuals completed a demographic questionnaire, a disease activity and site questionnaire, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds QL™) 4.0 Generic Core Scales (child self-report and maternal proxy report) to assess HRQoL. Results Among C1- INH- HAE patients, nine (26.5%) had 1-5 attacks/year, six (17.6%) had 6-18 attacks/year, eight (23.5%) had 25-60 attacks/year, and 11 (32.4%) were asymptomatic over the previous year. Children with C1- INH- HAE attacks demonstrated lower HRQoL than healthy control children across the total score, school, and psychosocial dimensions of the Peds QL™. The number of C1- INH- HAE attacks negatively correlated with the total HRQoL score (r = −0.48, p = 0.008), school-related HRQoL (r = −0.39, p = 0.02), and psychosocial HRQoL (r = −0.43, p = 0.01). Patients with multisite laryngeal, abdominal, and peripheral C1- INH- HAE attacks had a lower HRQoL compared with those who experienced solely peripheral attacks across the total score (p = 0.04), physical (p = 0.04), and school (p = 0.02) domains. There was no significant difference between asymptomatic C1- INH- HAE patients and healthy controls. Conclusions Children with symptomatic C1- INH- HAE demonstrate impaired HRQoL compared with healthy controls. HRQoL was affected by the frequency and site of C1- INH- HAE attacks and mostly in the school and physical domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Researchers have theorized that adolescents high in sensation seeking are particularly sensitive to positive reinforcement and the rewarding outcomes of alcohol use, and thus that the personality vulnerability is a direct causal risk factor for alcohol use. In contrast, the routine activity perspective theorizes that part of the effect of sensation seeking on alcohol use goes through the propensity that sensation seekers have towards unstructured socializing with peers. The study tests a model with indirect and direct paths from sensation seeking and participation in unstructured peer socialization to adolescent alcohol use. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 360 students in a state-secular Jewish high school (10th to 12th grade) in the center region of Israel. The sample was equally divided between boys (51.9%) and girls (48.1%), respondents' age ranged from 15 to 17 years (mean = 16.02 ± 0.85). Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect paths. Results: While sensation seeking had a significant direct path to adolescent alcohol use, part of the association was mediated by unstructured socializing with peers. The mediated paths were similar for boys and girls alike. Conclusions: Sensation seeking is primarily biologically determined and prevention efforts are unlikely to modify this personality vulnerability. The results of this study suggest that a promising prevention avenue is to modify extracurricular participation patterns of vulnerable adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Researchers have theorized that adolescents high in sensation seeking are particularly sensitive to positive reinforcement and the rewarding outcomes of alcohol use, and thus that the personality vulnerability is a direct causal risk factor for alcohol use. In contrast, the routine activity perspective theorizes that part of the effect of sensation seeking on alcohol use goes through the propensity that sensation seekers have towards unstructured socializing with peers. The study tests a model with indirect and direct paths from sensation seeking and participation in unstructured peer socialization to adolescent alcohol use. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 360 students in a state-secular Jewish high school (10th to 12th grade) in the center region of Israel. The sample was equally divided between boys (51.9%) and girls (48.1%), respondents’ age ranged from 15 to 17 years (mean = 16.02 ± 0.85). Structural equation modeling was used to test the direct and indirect paths. Results: While sensation seeking had a significant direct path to adolescent alcohol use, part of the association was mediated by unstructured socializing with peers. The mediated paths were similar for boys and girls alike. Conclusions: Sensation seeking is primarily biologically determined and prevention efforts are unlikely to modify this personality vulnerability. The results of this study suggest that a promising prevention avenue is to modify extracurricular participation patterns of vulnerable adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To compare sensory processing, coping strategies, and quality of life (QoL) in unipolar and bipolar patients; to examine correlations between sensory processing and QoL; and to investigate the relative contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, sensory processing, and coping strategies to the prediction of QoL. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-seven participants, aged 16-85 years (53.6±15.7), of whom 157 had a diagnosis of unipolar major depressive disorder and 110 had bipolar disorder type I and type II, completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced, and 12-item Short-Form Health Survey version 2. The two groups were compared with multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The unipolar and bipolar groups did not differ concerning sensory processing, coping strategies, or QoL. Sensory processing patterns correlated with QoL independently of mediation by coping strategies. Correlations between low registration, sensory sensitivity, sensation avoidance, and reduced QoL were found more frequently in unipolar patients than bipolar patients. Higher physical QoL was mainly predicted by lower age and lower sensory sensitivity, whereas higher mental QoL was mainly predicted by coping strategies. CONCLUSION: While age may predict physical QoL, coping strategies predict mental QoL. Future studies should further investigate the impact of sensory processing and coping strategies on patients' QoL in order to enhance adaptive and functional behaviors related to affective disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies highlighted the involvement of sensory perception in emotional processes. However, the role of extreme sensory processing patterns expressed in hyper- or hyposensitivity was not thoroughly considered. The present study, in real life conditions, examined the unique sensory processing patterns of individuals with major affective disorders and their relationship with psychiatric symptomatology. The sample consisted of 105 participants with major affective conditions ranging in age from 20 to 84 years (mean=56.7±14.6). All participants completed the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A), the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Sensory sensitivity/avoiding hypersensitivity patterns and low registration (a hyposensitivity pattern) were prevalent among our sample as compared to normative data. About seventy percent of the sample showed lower seeking tendency. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that depression and anxious/cyclothymic affective temperaments were predicted by sensory sensory/avoiding. Anxious and irritable affective temperaments were predicted by low registration. Hyperthymic affective temperament and lower severity of depression were predicted by sensation seeking. Hyposensitivity or hypersensitivity may be “trait” markers of individuals with major affective disorders. Interventions should refer to the individual unique sensory profiles and their behavioral and functional impact in the context of real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well established that physical activity during childhood contributes to children's physical and psychological health. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Hebrew version of the Teacher Estimation of Activity Form (TEAF) questionnaire as a screening tool among school-aged children in Israel. Six physical education teachers completed TEAF questionnaires of 123 children aged 5-12 years, 68 children (55%) with Typical Development (TD) and 55 children (45%) diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The Hebrew version of the TEAF indicates a very high level of internal consistency ( α = .97). There were no significant gender differences. Significant differences were found between children with and without DCD attesting to the test's construct validity. Concurrent validity was established by finding a significant high correlation ( r = .76, p < .01) between the TEAF and the Movement-ABC mean scores within the DCD group. The TEAF demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity estimates. It appears to be a promising standardized practical tool in both research and practice for describing information about school-aged children's involvement in physical activity. Further research is indicated with larger samples to establish cut-off scores determining what point identifies hypo activity in striated age groups. Furthermore, the majority of the participants in this study were boys, and further research is needed to include more girls for a better understanding of the phenomena of hypo activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well established that physical activity during childhood contributes to children's physical and psychological health. The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Hebrew version of the Teacher Estimation of Activity Form (TEAF) questionnaire as a screening tool among school-aged children in Israel. Six physical education teachers completed TEAF questionnaires of 123 children aged 5-12 years, 68 children (55%) with Typical Development (TD) and 55 children (45%) diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The Hebrew version of the TEAF indicates a very high level of internal consistency ( α = .97). There were no significant gender differences. Significant differences were found between children with and without DCD attesting to the test's construct validity. Concurrent validity was established by finding a significant high correlation ( r = .76, p < .01) between the TEAF and the Movement-ABC mean scores within the DCD group. The TEAF demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity estimates. It appears to be a promising standardized practical tool in both research and practice for describing information about school-aged children's involvement in physical activity. Further research is indicated with larger samples to establish cut-off scores determining what point identifies hypo activity in striated age groups. Furthermore, the majority of the participants in this study were boys, and further research is needed to include more girls for a better understanding of the phenomena of hypo activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Sensory hypersensitivity is one expression of sensory processing disorders (SPD) and results from the inability to regulate an appropriate response to a sensory input in an adaptive manner. We explored the sensory processing profile of children with asthma, based on reports from parents. Methods: We studied 86 children between the ages of four and 11 years: 37 diagnosed with asthma and 49 healthy controls. The parents of all participants filled out the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) that measures the child's behavioural reactions to sensory stimuli in daily environments. Results: Sensory processing disorders were more prevalent among children with asthma (F7,71 = 4.16, p = 0.001; η² = 0.29) than among healthy controls and were mainly reflected by hypersensitivity. While about 90% of the healthy children were reported to actively seek sensory stimuli, only 53% of the asthmatic children showed this trend. In the study group, 25.7% of the children's scores reflected abnormal sensory performance, compared with 0% of the controls (χ²=21.93; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Children with asthma may suffer from SPD. Our finding supports previous reports that suggest that the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of atopic conditions. The sensory profile of children with asthma should be evaluated and treated as required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare preferences for participation in out-of-school activities between children with childhood-onset primary generalized epilepsy and their healthy peers. Overall, participants were 56 children aged 6–11years. The study group included 26 children with childhood-onset primary generalized epilepsy. The controls were 30 healthy children. Parents of all participants completed a demographic and health status questionnaire. All children completed the Preference Assessment of Children (PAC) that profiles the out-of-school activities the child wishes to participate in. Scores are calculated for five activity types, namely, recreational, active physical, social, skill-based, and self-improvement and for two domains of formal and informal activities. Children with generalized epilepsy showed a similar preference for participation in out-of-school activities as did their healthy peers. The study group showed a lower preference for participation in social activities but showed a higher preference for participation in self-improvement activities. In both groups, younger children (aged 6–8years) showed a lower preference for participation in most PAC scales. Older children (aged 9–11years) showed a higher preference for participation in social activities. Difference between genders was close to being statistically significant in the skill-based activities (F1,21 =3.84, p=.06), where girls showed a higher preference compared with boys. Intervention policies need to be undertaken in order to encourage children with epilepsy to participate in activities together with their healthy peers, aiming to enhance the well-being of children with primary generalized epilepsy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Deterioration in the frontal and prefrontal cortex associated with executive functions (EF) occurs with age and may be associated with changes in daily performance. The aim of the present study was to describe changes occurring with age in Executive Functions (EF) and handwriting activity, as well as to analyze relationships between age, EF and handwriting performance. The study population included 80 healthy participants (aged 31 to 76+) living in the community. After answering five questions about their writing habits, the participants completed the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). In addition, they performed a handwriting task on a digitizer included in the Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool (ComPET), which provides kinematic measures of the handwriting process. Significant differences were found between the four age groups for both EF and temporal and spatial handwriting measures. A series of regressions indicated that age predicted 35% of the variance of the BADS profile score (EF control) and 32% of the variance of in-air time while writing. The results of this study indicated age effect on both EF control and handwriting performance. Possible implications for further research and clinical evaluation and intervention are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Participation in out of school activities may be limited among children with visual or hearing impairments. [•] Socio-demographic parameters may impact child's participation. [•] Intervention of children with sensory impairments should refer to the child's participation in school and out of school. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objectives: (1) To compare participation patterns in out-of-school activities of Israeli Jewish and Muslim children in order to better understand the effect of culture on participation. Methods and results: Participants were 111 Jewish children and 134 Muslim children with typical development, aged between six and 11 years, who completed the CAPE. Muslim children showed significantly higher total participation diversity, and specifically in informal and recreational activities. Muslim children also showed higher participation intensity and higher enjoyment. They performed more activities with someone else and fewer activities in the community. In both cultures, sociodemographic factors including age, gender, parents' education, and familial socioeconomic level were related to the child's participation. Conclusions: Children's participation in out-of-school activities may be related to culture, gender, and other sociodemographic factors. Clinicians should integrate cultural values into therapeutic interventions and consider environmental opportunities or barriers when interpreting participation patterns in order to meet the person's needs and optimize intervention outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty participants with post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and 30 healthy controls completed the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale (PSS-SR) and the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP). Participants with PTS symptoms vacillated between sensory sensitivity, sensation avoiding, and low registration. Sensation avoiding and low registration correlated with intrusive thoughts related to PTS. Discriminant Analysis classified 73% of the study group and 80% of the controls. PTS may be related to hypersensitivity and low registration. Further studies about the sensory profile of people with PTS symptoms may contribute to research and optimize evaluation and intervention for people with PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Deterioration in the frontal and prefrontal cortex associated with executive functions (EF) occurs with age and may be associated with changes in daily performance. The aim of the present study was to describe changes occurring with age in Executive Functions (EF) and handwriting activity, as well as to analyze relationships between age, EF and handwriting performance. The study population included 80 healthy participants (aged 31 to 76+) living in the community. After answering five questions about their writing habits, the participants completed the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). In addition, they performed a handwriting task on a digitizer included in the Computerized Penmanship Evaluation Tool (ComPET), which provides kinematic measures of the handwriting process. Significant differences were found between the four age groups for both EF and temporal and spatial handwriting measures. A series of regressions indicated that age predicted 35% of the variance of the BADS profile score (EF control) and 32% of the variance of in-air time while writing. The results of this study indicated age effect on both EF control and handwriting performance. Possible implications for further research and clinical evaluation and intervention are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To identify variables that contribute to fall risk in older adults, this study examined the relationship between fall risk, sensory processing, participation in daily activities, and quality of life (QoL). Of the 123 participants, those at high-risk were significantly less able to register sensory input and had increased sensory sensitivity, restricted participation and overall lower QoL. Altered sensory processing was related with risk of falling. Additionally, both sensory process and fall risk were subsequently related with lower daily participation and, together, were related with lower QoL. Thus, sensory processing, participation and QoL assessments need to be included in occupational therapy evaluations and interventions for fall risk among older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation is an important measure of disorder severity. Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often causes functional impairment, the literature about challenges in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) among adults with PTSD appears limited. To describe the encountered challenges according to the existing literature, a systematic search identified 20 articles published between 1995 and 2021. These studies described various limitations on ADL among adults with PTSD, mostly (60%) in broad terms; thus, failing to identify the exact challenging domains. This review discusses the need for research and clinical practice to systematically evaluate basic and instrumental ADL in PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To compare daily activity preferences of Israeli Jewish Orthodox and secular children in order to better understand the relationship between children's religious background and their participation patterns. Methods: Participants were 45 Orthodox and 45 secular Israeli Jewish children, aged 6-10.6 years. Major findings: In most PAC scales, the secular children showed a significantly lower preference than the Orthodox children to participate in activities. In both groups, activity preferences were impacted by age and gender. Among the secular group, mother's education level was correlated with a lower preference to participate in active physical activities. Principal conclusions: Family religiosity may impact on children's daily activity preferences. Occupational therapists should consider these socio-environmental factors in order to better integrate a child's religious and cultural identity into therapeutic interventions and assist the child in finding a meaningful occupational experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of the study were to analyze: (1) whether significant differences exist between children with typical development and children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD) in their preference to participate in leisure activities (2) whether the teacher estimation of activity form (TEAF) evaluation predicts participation preference. Participants were 68 children, aged 6–9.83 years, 35 diagnosed as DCD by pediatrician and based on the Movement ABC (M-ABC) and 33 children with typical development. The controls were matched by age and gender to the DCD group. The children filled the preference for activities of children (PAC) and their sport teacher completed the TEAF. Significant differences were found between the groups in their participation preference based on the PAC items and subscales as well as in the TEAF scores. Significant correlations were found between the TEAF and PAC subscales. TEAF score significantly predicted children''s preference to participate in leisure activities. Study results recommend using the TEAF for screening DCD and to further consider participation issues among children with DCD as a preventive aid for consequently socio-emotional implications of DCD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Difficulty in executive functions (EF) is a core symptom of ADHD. Yet, the EF assessments are still in controversy. It is still unclear whether the everyday implementation of EF can be assessed under laboratory conditions. Therefore, the purposes of the present study are: (a) to examine EF among boys with ADHD both in everyday behavior (as reported by parents) and in a performance-based test. (b) To examine correlations between the two tests. Both the Behavior Assessment of Dysexecutive Functions for Children (BADS-C) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF) were independently applied to 25 boys aged 8–11 years with ADHD and 25 age-matched typical boys. Results of the two assessments were compared between the two groups to indicate differences in EF. Correlations between the two assessments for all participants were evaluated. Overall, significant differences in EF were found between the two groups on both assessments. Significant correlations were found between BADS-C and BRIEF, specifically in metacognition but not in behavioral regulation. Findings indicate that poor EF manifests itself in everyday behavior. These difficulties are found in metacognitive and behavioral regulation components. Nevertheless, applying a valid ecological assessment of behavior regulation merits future research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aim: To examine whether the complexity of atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms and the sensory modulation deficiencies (SMD) that accompany it may limit child's preference to participate in leisure activities. Methods: Thirty-seven children diagnosed with AD and 104 healthy peers aged 6-11 years participated in this study. Disease severity was assessed using SCORAD scores. Both groups were compared in regard to their sensory modulation abilities measured by the 'Short Sensory Profile' (SSP) and in regard to their activity preference measured by the 'Preference for Activities of Children' (PAC). Results: Children with AD showed lower preference to participate in leisure activities as compared with healthy peers ( F = 4.63, p < 0.0001). Among children with AD, significant correlations were found between SMD in several modalities and preference to participate in specific leisure activities. No significant correlations were found between AD severity and the child's preferred activities. Conclusions: Children with AD may show lower preference to participate in activities in comparison with their typical peers. This lower preference may be impacted by their SMD. Multidisciplinary intervention may be beneficial for children with AD. This intervention should refer to AD symptoms and considers the child's sensory profile and participation in daily living. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: High frequency of sensory processing dysfunctions (SPD) is prevalent among children with intellectual developmental disabilities and contributes to their maladaptive behaviors. However, the knowledge about the expressions of SPD in different levels of IDD severity is limited. As SPD may reduce adaptive responses and limit participation, this knowledge should be elaborated. The purpose of the present study was to examine the specific expressions of sensory processing among children with different severity levels of IDD. Participants were 91 children aged 4–9 years with mild, moderate severe-profound and IDD. Their parents completed the short sensory profile (SSP). According the results, SPD were manifested across all levels of IDD. Groups differed in specific behaviors related to sensory stimuli. The highest percentage of children with severe sensory processing difficulties was found among children with mild and sever IDD level. SPD may characterize children with all severity levels of IDD. Nevertheless, the probability that children with a specific IDD level will be more vulnerable to specific aspects of SPD emphasizes the need for early evaluation and intervention to address the specific sensory needs of children with different IDD levels. This may enhance their development, performance and participation in daily living. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose. This study aimed (1) to compare visual memory and meta-memory abilities, including the use of strategies as context, of children with cochlear implant (CI) and children with normal hearing; (2) to examine the concurrent and construct validity of ''The Contextual Memory Test for Children'' (CMT-CH). Method. Twenty children with CI and 20 children with normal hearing, aged 8--10 years, participated in this study. Memory abilities were measured by two subtests of the Children's Memory Scale (CMS) and by CMT-CH, which also measures meta-memory abilities. Results. Children with CI scored significantly lower in both tests of memory and meta-memory and showed less efficient use of context to memorise. Significant positive correlations were found between CMS and CMT-CH memory tests in both groups. Conclusions. Visual memory and meta-memory abilities may be impaired in children with CI. Evaluation and intervention for children with CI should refer to their memory and meta-memory abilities in order to measure the outcomes of CIs, and enhance language development academic achievements. Although more studies on CMT-CH should be performed, the CMT-CH may be used for the evaluation of visual memory of children with CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sensory processing difficulties (SPD) are prevalent among children with ADHD. Yet, the question whether different SPD characterize children with different types of ADHD has not received enough attention in the literature. The current study characterized sensory processing difficulties (SPD) of children with different types of ADHD and explored the relationship between SPD and leisure activity preference. Participants were 58 boys aged 6–10 years: 29 boys with ADHD: 15 with hyperactive–impulsive type and 14 characterized as inattentive. The controls were 29 typical peers. SPD were evaluated by The Short Sensory Profile (SSP) completed by the parents. Participants answered the preference for activities of children (PAC). According the results, SPD were manifested among children with both ADHD types. Children with both ADHD types showed significantly lower preference to participate in leisure activities than the controls. Their lower preference correlated with SPD. The findings suggest that children with different ADHD types may share common SPD, which may negatively impact their activity preference. In this study it seemed that children with ADD were more vulnerable to these impacts. SPD and participation should be considered in evaluation and intervention programs for children with ADHD in order to focus on child''s abilities, needs and preferences, and enhance intervention success, child''s relationships with peers and child''s well-being. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: ADHD is a neural developmental disorder expressed in various life settings. Yet, previous studies have focused mainly on children''s function in school and academic achievement. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to examine participation patterns in outside formal school activities among boys with ADHD compared to typical boys. Participants included 25 boys aged 8–11 years with ADHD and 25 age-matched typical boys. All participants completed the Children''s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). Several aspects of participation were examined: diversity, intensity, enjoyment, place, and partners in 49 extra curricular activities. The findings indicate that boys with ADHD reported significant lower intensity rates of participation in most activity domains. Furthermore, boys with ADHD also reported higher diversity scores and lower enjoyment in ‘formal’ activities. Yet, no significant differences were found with regard to activity place and partners. These findings enhance the importance of providing therapy that refers to after school activities. Accordingly, CAPE can be useful for assessing boys with ADHD and planning appropriate intervention programs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) is one of the most accepted tools, both in clinical practice and in research, for the diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorders (DCDs) in children. The present study aimed to: (1) establish the construct validity of M-ABC in Israel by comparing the motor performance of typically developed children in four age groups (ranging from 6 to 12 years) and (2) examine the impact of socio-demographic parameters on children''s motor performance. Participants were 249 typical children, between 4.1 and 12.08 years old, whose motor performance was evaluated by the M-ABC. The results showed that age, gender, mother''s education level, and socioeconomic status had an impact on children''s motor performance. Thus, the M-ABC may serve as a suitable tool for examining the motor performance of children in Israel. This examination should also refer to socio-demographic factors in order to shed light on the contribution of environmental disadvantages to children''s motor performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Children's success with participating in life depends heavily on intact executive function (EF) skills. The Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome for Children (BADS-C) was developed to address the need for a standardised ecologically valid test of children's EF performance. This study aimed to establish the construct validity of the BADS-C in relation to socio-demographic parameters. Participants were 208 Israeli children, aged 8-15 years, who were divided into three age groups (8 years to 9 years and 11 months; 10 years to 11 years and 11 months; 12 to 15 years) and tested with the BADS-C. The older age groups achieved significantly better scores than the younger groups. No significant differences were found between genders in any of the BADS-C scores. Similar results were found for familial socio-economic status and parents' education. Construct validity was demonstrated for the BADS-C by providing a profile for different age groups. Additional studies are needed to examine further the validity and reliability of the BADS-C and the relationships between socio-demographic factors and EF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and its functional restrictions may persist into adulthood. Nevertheless, the knowledge about DCD in adulthood and its association with health related quality of life (HRQOL) is limited.Aims: To explore how individuals with suspected DCD experience DCD impacts as children and as adults and how these experiences predict their HRQOL.Methods: Participants were 200 healthy individuals aged 20-64 (mean 32.66 ± 11.51): 18 with suspected DCD and 182 with normal motor performance (according to the Adult Developmental Coordination Disorder/Dyspraxia, ADC, Checklist cut-off score). Participants completed a sociodemographic/health questionnaire, the ADC and the WHOQOL-BREF which measures physical, psychological, social and environmental HRQOL.Results: The group with suspected DCD had significantly lower HRQOL (except for the physical domain). In the general sample, current feelings about the individual's performance predicted all HRQOL domains. Among the study group, HRQOL was predicted by current perception of performance and difficulties experienced as a child.Conclusions and Implications: The negative effects of DCD during childhood and adulthood may reduce adults' HRQOL, mainly in the psycho-social and environmental domains. The detailed profile provided by the ADC with its functional context may assist in evaluating DCD in adults and in tailoring intervention for improving HRQOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep difficulties have been reported in up to 85% of children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD exhibit commonly sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) and experience more significant functional difficulties. Sleep difficulties have also been associated with SMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SMD are associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD. We assessed sleep difficulties using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and SMD using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire. A total of 25 children with ADHD and atypical sensory profiles, 13 children with ADHD and typical sensory profiles and 38 children used as controls (all children aged 8–11 years) were included. Sleep difficulties were detected in 86.4% of children with ADHD and atypical SSPs, as compared to 30.8% of children with ADHD and typical SSPs, and 16.7% of controls. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that children with ADHD and atypical SSPs had significantly increased odds for sleep difficulties as compared to controls (OR = 32.4; 95% CI 4.0–260.1, p = 0.001), while children with ADHD and typical SSPs were indistinguishable from controls. Suspected confounders (gender, age, mother's education, and stimulant therapy) did not contribute to sleep difficulties. In this pilot study, SMD were associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD. • Sleep difficulties were detected in 86.4% of children with ADHD and atypical SSP. • Sleep difficulties were detected in 30.8% of children with ADHD and typical SSP. • Atypical SSP with ADHD increased odds for sleep difficulties versus controls. • Sleep in children with ADHD and typical SSP was indistinguishable from controls. • Sensory difficulties were associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep difficulties have been reported in up to 85% of children with Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children with ADHD exhibit commonly sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) and experience more significant functional difficulties. Sleep difficulties have also been associated with SMD. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SMD are associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD.Methods: We assessed sleep difficulties using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and SMD using the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) questionnaire. A total of 25 children with ADHD and atypical sensory profiles, 13 children with ADHD and typical sensory profiles and 38 children used as controls (all children aged 8-11 years) were included.Results: Sleep difficulties were detected in 86.4% of children with ADHD and atypical SSPs, as compared to 30.8% of children with ADHD and typical SSPs, and 16.7% of controls. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that children with ADHD and atypical SSPs had significantly increased odds for sleep difficulties as compared to controls (OR = 32.4; 95% CI 4.0-260.1, p = 0.001), while children with ADHD and typical SSPs were indistinguishable from controls. Suspected confounders (gender, age, mother's education, and stimulant therapy) did not contribute to sleep difficulties.Conclusion: In this pilot study, SMD were associated with sleep difficulties in children with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Teachers characterized handwriting features of children with and without DCD. [•] Handwriting features of children with and without DCD were significantly different. [•] Two handwriting measures contributed to high percentile of group classification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nutrition, essential in the daily living functions promoting life quality of persons with intellectual developmental deficits (IDD), is adversely affected by the highly prevalent eating problems in these persons. The current study explores the characteristics of eating problems in population of children with intellectual developmental disorders. We elaborate existing knowledge on the relationship of severity of eating/feeding disorders and intellectual handicap level in children who suffer from IDD. This study investigated differences in the kind of these disorders observed in children with IDD on three levels: mild, moderate, and severe/profound. Ninety-one children aged 4–9 participated in this study: 25 had mild IDD, 32 moderate IDD, and 34 severe/profound IDD. Feeding/eating functions were examined with the screening tool of eating problems (STEP) which was used as the main dependent measure (). Results suggest that the prevalence of eating problems is higher than previously reported in the literature. Eating/feeding problems proved prevalent across all levels, in almost all of those with IDD, but certain categories of problems (i.e., skills and aspiration risk) are more prevalent among the group falling within the severe/profound range of intellectual disability. This finding makes a new important experimental contribution, suggesting that everyday functions such as eating/feeding be examined in all children with IDD and that clinical differences be considered in light of categorization according to IDD level. Results are discussed in light of the need to consider its implications for practice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Participation is recognized as a key to one''s health and well-being and is considered to be a vital part of the development of children and youth. The purpose of this study was to examine the participation patterns of children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in their out-of-school-time (OST) activities, and to see whether there is a relationship between the children''s motor abilities and their choices and participation. Methods: 50 children (5–7 years old), 25 who met diagnostic criteria of DCD and 25 without DCD, completed the Children Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and were administered the Motor Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) and the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (VMI). Results: A relationship was found between participation patterns and motor ability. Children with DCD had limited participation diversity in which they participated less frequently, and chose activities that were quieter and more socially isolated compared to children without DCD; there were no differences in their levels of enjoyment. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of looking at the children''s participation from a broad perspective, and the many difficulties children with DCD experience in OST participation. Future studies might consider other factors (e.g., environment) while examining participation among children with DCD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Cognitive performance is essential for children''s functioning and may also predict school readiness. The suitability of Western standardized assessments for cognitive performance among children from different cultures needs to be elaborated. This study referred to the existence of differences in cognitive performance between and within children from the middle-east—Israeli and Palestinian on the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), by elucidating cultural effects on the construct validity of the LOTCA using factor analysis. Participants included 101 Israeli and 125 Palestinian children from kindergarten, first and second grade who underwent the LOTCA. Factor analysis revealed four factors underlying items on the LOTCA, explaining the differences found between Israeli and Palestinian children in most of LOTCA subtests. Culture may affect the construct validity of the LOTCA and may explain the difference in performance between both cultural groups. LOTCA''s validity as well as the validity of other instruments on which norms and decisions regarding the child''s development and performance are made should be further evaluated among children from different cultural backgrounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Despite growing interest in the relationship between sleep disturbances and behavioral disorders—specifically, symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children—the underlying structure of this relationship is poorly understood. The aim of the study was to explore the contribution of sensory hypersensitivity to this relationship. Parents of 56 schoolchildren completed questionnaires reporting sleep habits, behavior, and sensory processing. Significant correlations were found between global scores of all 3 constructs; however, the relationship between sleep and behavior decreased when controlling for sensory processing. Among different sensory modalities, tactile sensitivity was a significant predictor for sleep, accounting for 25% of the variance, F = 16.30, p < .001; and sensation seeking and tactile sensitivity were significant predictors for behavior, accounting for 42% of the variance, F = 17.56, p < .001. If confirmed by further objective investigation, the results of this study suggest that sensory profiles of children with sleep or behavioral disorders should be routinely assessed in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensory processing is a fundamental aspect of  human experience, and varies significantly between individuals, potentially affecting individual functioning, behaviour, and mental health. This study investigated the associations between sensory processing and psychopathology in a sample of the general population. Participants responded to a general psychiatric screening tool (DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-Adult) and to the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) questionnaire. The sample comprised 1108 young adults (77.25% females, mean age 22.6). Data were analysed using item response theory and Bayesian network analyses, revealing specific associations between sensory profiles and psychopathological dimensions. Specifically, we detected associations between the low registration sensory profile and the dimensions of psychosis, substance use, and mania. Sensation seeking was associated with mania. Sensory sensitivity was related to depression and mania, while sensation avoiding was inversely correlated with mania. These findings suggest that reduced external sensory awareness may be linked to a predisposition to psychosis, while a multifaceted sensory processing pattern may indicate vulnerability to mood disorders. Assessing sensory processing could yield crucial insights into individual susceptibilities to mental disorders and help identify targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between pain catastrophizing level, sensory processing patterns, and headache severity among adolescents with episodic migraine. Background: Catastrophizing about pain is a critical variable in how we understand adjustment to pain and has a unique contribution in predicting pain intensity. Recent reports found that migraine is also related to enhanced sensory sensitivity. However, the relationship between pain severity, pain catastrophizing level and sensory sensitivity requires greater study especially among adolescents. Methods: Participants were 92 adolescents aged 13–18 years, 40 with episodic migraine and 52 healthy controls. The migraine patients were prospectively recruited from outpatient pediatric neurology clinics. All participants completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for children (PCS-ch). The migraine groups also completed the PedMIDAS, which measures Headache related disability. Results: Adolescents with migraine had significantly lower tendency to seek sensory input than healthy controls. Elevated rumination and helplessness correlated with higher migraine pain severity. Tendency to avoid sensory input predicted the migraine related disability level. They also significantly higher pain catastrophizing level than healthy controls, as seen in enhanced rumination (p ≤ 0.001) and helplessness (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Sensory processing difficulties are common among adolescents with episodic migraine. Sensory avoidance may be related to pain experience, and pain catastrophizing and disability level. Trial registration: ISRCTN ISRCTN73824458. Registered 28 September 2014. retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The severity of the functional difficulties of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is heterogeneous and may be affected by measurable factors.Aims: To characterize subgroups of children with ADHD with or without sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) and the association between sensory modulation and daily activity function in children with ADHD and children with typical development.Methods: 38 children with ADHD and 39 controls (ages 8-11) were recruited and assessed, using the Conner's Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form, the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) and the Children Activity Scale for Parents (ChAS-P).Results: The total SSP score of the ADHD group was lower (142.13 vs. 180.08; t=-8.23, p < 0.001) with a higher proportion of SMD (65.8% vs. 2.6%, χ2 = 34.46, p < 0.001). The daily function of children with ADHD was lower than controls (mean ChAS-P: 3.95 vs. 4.78, p < 0.001). The difference was significant for children with ADHD and SMD (3.70 versus 4.81, p < 0.001), but not significant for children with ADHD and typical SSP (4.42 versus 4.81, p=0.35).Conclusion: In this pilot study, we found that SMD, in children with ADHD is correlated with daily activity consequences. Hence, it should be evaluated in children with ADHD and addressed in their treatment plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]