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The prebending strain effect is that the repeated bending load at room temperature enhances superconducting properties of practical Nb3Sn wires. The authors are now investigating the application of the effect to practical superconducting cabling conductors for high field superconducting magnets. Large current capacity and high strength are required for superconducting cabling conductors to make large scale and high field magnets. The superconducting cabling conductor with high strength Nb3Sn wires will be useful for making high field magnets. The prebending strain effect was applied to a cabling technique with Nb3 Sn wires. High strength Nb3Sn wires reinforced with CuNb composite and conventional Nb3 Sn wires without reinforcement were prepared, which were heat-treated at 943 K for 345.6 ks. Both wires were bent by 10 pulleys to give 0.8% prebending strain. After the prebending treatment the wires were assembled and fabricated 3-strand cables and 7-strand cables. The cables with high strength Nb3Sn wires showed the enhancement of critical currents even after the cabling process. The results imply that the prebending treatment is applicable to the fabrication of cabling conductors for making a high field superconducting magnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although there is increasing evidence of the importance of cysteinyl leukotrienes (LT) as mediators of aspirin-induced bronchoconstriction in aspirin-sensitive asthma, the cellular origin of the LT is not yet clear. Methods: Urinary concentrations of leukotriene E4 (LTE4), 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, 9α,11β-prostaglandin F2, and Nτ-methylhistamine were measured during the 24 h following cumulative intravenous administration of increasing doses of lysine aspirin to asthmatic patients. In addition, the urinary concentrations of these metabolites were measured on 5 consecutive days in a patient who suffered an asthma attack after percutaneous administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Results: In aspirin-induced asthma patients (AIA, n=10), the basal concentration of urinary LTE4, but not the other metabolites, was significantly higher than that in aspirin-tolerant asthma patients (ATA, n=10). After intravenous aspirin provocation, the AIA group showed a 13.1-fold (geometric mean) increase in excretion of LTE4 during the first 3 h, and 9α,11β-prostaglandin F2 also increased in the AIA group during the first 0–3 h and the 3–6 h collection period. Nτ-methylhistamine excretion was also increased, but to a lesser degree. Adminis-tration of aspirin caused significant suppression of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 excretion in both the AIA and ATA groups. When the percentage of maximum increase of each metabolite from the baseline concentrations was compared between the AIA group and the ATA group, a significantly higher increase in excretion of LTE4, 9α,11β-prostaglandin F2, and Nτ-methylhistamine was observed in the AIA group than the ATA group. An increased excretion of LTE4 and 9α,11β-prostaglandin F2 has been detected in... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the differences in awareness of patient safety by and among professions by using the incident reporting data at Shimane University Hospital (SUH) in Japan. Out of them, the 22733 reports eligible for this study included 1,389 reports filed by doctors, 20951 reports filed by nurses and 393 reports filed by pharmacists. Out of the 7496 Drug related reports, 399 reports by doctors, 6721 reports by nurses and 376 reports by pharmacists, respectively. [Extracted from the article]

We examined the effects of a 9-week exercise training (TR) in Wistar male rats, beginning at 4 weeks of age, on the density of endothelial cells (ECs) in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) and the mRNA expression of angiogenic factors in adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. The number of ECs and mRNA expressions were assessed by lectin staining and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Compared with control (CR) rats, TR rats gained weight more slowly and had significantly lower final weight of WAT due to the reduction in the size and the number of adipocytes. TR significantly increased the number of ECs per square millimeter and per adipocyte (1.37- and 1.23-fold, respectively) in WAT. This is probably because the number of adipocytes is fewer while the number of ECs is constant in the WAT of TR rats, because the regression line of TR rats for adipocyte number-dependent EC number was shifted toward the left without significant differences in the slopes between groups. TR also induced the upregulation of mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( Vegf)-A and Vegf-receptor-2 in SVF cells, thereby retaining a constant number of ECs in the WAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing influenza infection within a hospital is very important for hospital staff and administrators to prevent the spread of this infection among patients and to maintain hospital functioning. This study aims to investigate seasonal influenza infection and vaccination among hospital staff. [Extracted from the article]

The article describes a case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the jejunum in a 48-year-old man who was diagnosed using double balloon enteroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac microangiopathy may be involved in the development of heart failure in diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade on cardiac function and fine structures in diabetes. METHODS: Male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 30), a model of spontaneously developing diabetes mellitus, and their diabetes resistant counterparts (n = 20) were used. At 30 weeks of age, when the OLETF rats show hyperglycaemic obesity with hyperinsulinaemia, the animals were divided into two groups and given candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, 0.2 mg/kg/day, or vehicle for six weeks. Capillary density was evaluated in the left ventricular myocardium by electron microscopy, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity by zymography, and cytokines by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Compared with the control rats, the OLETF rats at 36 weeks showed decreased peak negative dP/dt (mean (SD): 2350 (250) v 3492 (286) mm Hg/s) and increased cardiomyocyte diameter (24.3 (0.6) v 18.9 (0.6) microm) (both p < 0.05). Thickening of the capillary basement membranes and decreased capillary density were observed. Angiotensin receptor blockade improved almost all the haemodynamic variables, and the histological findings became similar to those of the controls. Angiotensin receptor blockade also activated MMP-2 and prevented an increase of inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, in the diabetic heart. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin II receptor blockade preserved left ventricular diastolic function. It was also potent at improving cardiomyocyte diameter and the thickening of the capillary basement membrane, increasing MMP-2 activity, and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. With all these changes, candesartan could contribute to cardioprotection in diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]