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Introduction: cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the main causes of mortality worldwide. In CVD patients, continuous moderate-intensity training and High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) are safe, effective, and may be a strategy to improve cardiovascular health. Material and methods: a prospective experimental study was performed with a sample of 275 cancer survivors recently diagnosed with CVD and low functional capacity, less than 4 METs (metabolic equivalent of task). A training program lasting 36 weeks was applied with assistance three times a week of 70 minutes per intervention and with pre and post-measurements of anthropometry by bioimpedance, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Scale, stress test, echocardiogram, sarcopenia (Anthropometry, muscular strength, and functionality), lipid profile, quality of life European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTG-C30), questionnaire for fatigue (FACT-Fatigue scale), 6 minutes walk test for distance traveled and estimated VO2. Results: significant improvement was reported in ejection fraction (40 ± 4.8 vs 47 ± 5.6; p ≤ 0.05), functional capacity reported in METs (2.1 ± 1.6 vs 3.9 ± 0.9), quality of life (108 ± 14 vs 121 ±7.6; p = 0.002) and improvement in estimated VO2max, strength, muscle percentage, and post-intervention blood pressure (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, the lipid profile, glucose, abdominal circumference, fat percentage (p ≤ 0.05). 0.05), and sarcopenia (32 vs 13%; p = 0.012) decreased after HIIT training without any adverse events during the interventions in the study population. Conclusions: the use of HIIT training is an efficient and safe way to improve physical capacity, quality of life, anthropometric parameters, and control cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in cancer survivors with a recent diagnosis of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome that causes generalized and diffuse muscle pain accompanied by fatigue, although other symptoms also appear, such as depression, anxiety, sleep and rest disturbances, allodynia, and cognitive, psychological and social problems. These symptoms notably affect the patients' quality of life. The forms of presentation of the pathology increase the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment for professionals who treat these patients, with a significant prevalence ratio of 21:1 in favor of women over men. On the other hand, this disease entails a high economic cost, as 2/3 of the expenses are not directly invested to treat the pathology; therefore, they are considered losses. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the effectiveness of adding various active treatments, compared to the usual pharmacological treatment, in improving quality of life and reducing pain and depression in women with fibromyalgia. For this purpose, the WOS, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were used. Seven articles were selected, aimed at analyzing the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic exercise, a highly cost-effective tool, as part of the treatment of women with fibromyalgia. Clinical trials were selected with at least one intervention group that performed some type of physical activity. The articles indicated that physical exercise as an additional therapy provided benefits in quality of life, pain relief and reduction of depression in women with fibromyalgia compared to those groups that simply followed the usual treatment. Therefore, we can conclude that the usual (drug-based) treatment, accompanied by an active treatment, offers greater benefits in the three abovementioned aspects when compared to treatment with drugs alone. Active treatment is considered safe to add to our toolbox for treating the symptoms of fibromyalgia. Depending on the patient's symptoms, tastes and preferences, we could recommend or prescribe different types of physical activity to promote adherence and tailor the treatment for each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) has been the subject of many studies, evaluating its effects on mental health (MH). Based on the available evidence, it is essential to understand the true impact of PA on SM. Although numerous studies have been carried out investigating the relationship between PA and SM, many of them have not reached definitive conclusions, which makes it necessary to continue research in this field. This article is a systematic review evaluating quality of life. 91 articles were selected and analyzed, identifying multiple advantages of physical and mental activities. In addition, positive and negative effects were evaluated, assigning them appropriate test levels. For the most part, the results obtained indicate that the impact of PA on SM tends to be more positive, and this is supported by a significant level of evidence. The studies reviewed show a direct correlation between stress and anxiety levels in the population groups examined and their physical activity and exercise habits. These results indicate that PA can be an effective treatment for mental illness. An inversely proportional relationship is clearly shown between physical activity and anxiety and stress, highlighting the reduction of the latter as a direct result of the regular practice of PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to analyze the relationship of the similarity of planetary health diet and habitual diet with the practice of physical activity on the academic performance of adolescent high school students by gender. Method: 877 adolescents were evaluated. The diet is reviewed through the 24-hour reminder. Physical activity was classified according to type of activity, frequency, duration, and intensity using the APALQ questionnaire. The caloric intake of adolescents was compared with the proposal of the EAT-LANCET commission, and the relationship between physical activity and diet with academic performance was again established. Results: Mexican adolescents do not comply with the proposal of a planetary health diet. No relationship was found between physical activity and academic performance. On the other hand, animal proteins rich in fats are consumed doubly according to the recommendation; these and whole grains, both are inversely related to better academic performance. Conclusions: Mexican adolescents are far from consuming a planetary health diet. Physical activity was not related to academic performance, but there is an inverse relationship between fat-rich animal proteins and whole grains in relation to subjects that contribute to academic performance, which suggests that a healthy diet such as the planetary diet proposal could have an impact on environmental sustainability and favorably impact the academic performance of adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a complex, relapsing disease of multifactorial origin. Physical activity is determinant for the modification of physical condition, which can be defined as the capacity of an individual to complete daily activities and functions without experiencing pain or excessive fatigue. For a proper prescription of active play or exercise the following principles should be applied: personalized (taking into account the age, gender, mental state, social and physical level of the children or adolescents), structured (SMART approach to set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-based objectives), systematic (the difficulty and load of the motor tasks or training are ordered from easiest to most difficult) and regular (the exercise session will be completed on a certain day and time of the week). Health personnel caring for pediatric population living with obesity should encourage and empower children and their families to avoid a sedentary lifestyle (immobilized for more than one continuous hour or sitting for long periods) and increase their level of activities by accumulating at least 180 minutes a day of play or various types of effective physical activity, where the intensity will be modified according to age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic events can cause social tension, anxiety, panic and other psychological crises, and can even cause post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide. Physical activity has a good role in promoting mental health, and has a great application prospect in individual psychological intervention after traumatic events. However, no systematic review of the relationship between physical activity and individual mental health after traumatic events affecting many people has been published so far, which makes it impossible for people to understand the research status in this field from a holistic perspective. Objective: This review explores the relationship between physical activity and individual psychology, physiology, subjective quality of life and well-being after traumatic events, so as to provide some valuable clues or enlightenment for individual psychological intervention after traumatic events. Method: Relevant literature was searched in five databases, summarised, sorted and studied. Results: Thirty-three study papers were included in this review, the main study findings include: (1) Physical activity is positively correlated with individual mental resilience and subjective well-being after traumatic events, and negatively correlated with anxiety, depression, tension and PTSD. (2) Individuals with higher levels of physical activity have better mental health status after traumatic events than those who do not regularly engage in physical activity. (3) Physical activity can promote sleep quality, self-efficacy, subjective quality of life and various physiological functions of those experiencing traumatic events. (4) Physical activity (including exercise) is regarded as one of the preferred nursing measures to buffer against mental stress and maintain physical and mental health for those experiencing traumatic events. Conclusion: The level of physical activity is positively correlated with individual physical and mental health before and after traumatic events. Physical activity can be used as one of the effective measures to improve individual mental health after traumatic events. Physical activity can be used as one of the important measures to improve mental health of those experiencing traumatic events. Regular physical activity can reduce the impact of traumatic events on mental health, both before and after the events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body composition encompasses a series of variables that are health-related and influence physical condition. Nevertheless, there is little evidence on its effects on the operational capacity of the military. The objective of this study was to relate the body composition, the physical condition and the operational capacity of the Chilean military. Fifty-seven Chilean soldiers (26.9 ± 4.8 years) participated, with operational specialization in infantry. Body composition was evaluated with octopolar bioimpedance, estimating fatfree mass, muscle tissue, and adipose tissue, among other variables. The following physical condition tests were also carried out: 5000 m flat, pull-ups, abdominals and flexibility, as well as four specific tests of specific military operational activities (simulated combat situation). The results showed a percentage of muscle tissue of 45.4 ± 2.9 % (95%CI: 44.6 - 46.2), while the percentage of adipose tissue was 20.3 ± 4.9 % (95%CI).: 14.7-17.3). Negative correlations of small magnitude were found between race time (5000 m) and muscle tissue (%) (r = -0.275) and positive with adipose tissue (%) (r = 0.294). However, high magnitude correlations were observed between pull-ups and muscle tissue (%) (r = 0.517) and adipose tissue (%) (r = -0.558). Adipose tissue was negatively related to aerobic capacity, arm strength, and abdominal endurance strength, while muscle tissue was positively related to these same variables. No correlations were found between body composition and military operational capacity (p<0.05). It is concluded that body composition and physical condition are not related to military operational capacity in combat situations in infantry specialists, but body composition is related to strength and cardiorespiratory capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the importance of pain neuroscience education and therapeutic exercise as non-pharmacological treatments for persistent pain. It emphasizes the need for cognitive changes, such as modifying beliefs, to reduce catastrophizing and kinesiophobia. Education in pain neuroscience helps patients understand that persistent pain does not always indicate tissue damage. The article also highlights the role of the central nervous system in maintaining and perpetuating persistent pain. Therapeutic physical exercise is fundamental in the treatment of persistent pain as it reduces central sensitization and improves physical function. It recommends creating a therapeutic alliance, fostering positive expectations, addressing false beliefs, providing education on the neuroscience of pain, and promoting therapeutic exercise. However, implementing these recommendations in clinical practice presents challenges, and more highquality clinical trials are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity (PA) involves any activation of the locomotor system that generates an energetic expense above baseline. On the other hand, physical exercise (PE) implicates a recurrent practice sustained in time to obtain benefits at an anatomical, physiological and/or emotional level. Currently, many research studies on cognitive neuroscience have focused on these practices since evidence indicates that people who exercise regularly show a more developed and/or preserved cognitive health. Furthermore, many designs also implement interventions based on PA and exercise as experimental treatments. Evidence showed a relationship between PA and PE and the modulation of several cognitive functions, including episodic memory and attention. The aim of this review was to explore a specific area of cognition, executive functions, which involves the processing of information with high cognitive demand, where the supervision and control of behavior are executed to provide an adaptive response to the requirements of the environment. While this construct integrates many sub-sets, a division into three fundamental nodes was proposed: working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility. For this purpose, articles retrieved from Science Direct, PubMed, and SciELO were used, along with secondary sources extracted from the selected articles. A search was conducted using the keywords: physical activity and/or aerobic exercise and executive functions; 33 articles met the inclusion criteria. Three sections were formed in relation to the three sub-constructs addressed. The research covered a broad age range, from children and adolescents to young and old adults. For the three executive functions nodes explored, moderate PA was the most frequently type of practice employed either had a beneficial modulator effect. Regarding working memory, in some cases exercise was also complemented with an extra cognitive load related to the exercise under evaluation (e.g., tactical game variations), showing the most favorable effects, or matching the effects of exercise alone. No long-term training was implemented. In the studies on the inhibitory capacity, the modulatory effect duration was analyzed: as the time gap between the end of treatment and time of evaluation was major, intense demand exercises became the most effective condition. The characteristics of the individual were emphasized: the subjects with the best aerobic capacity showed the best behavioral performances. Respect to flexibility, in some cases PA with higher cognitive load achieved better results, while others found no differences. Finally, both the participant's sport experience and their aerobic capacity were a relevant factor: the more developed levels of aerobic capacity or experience in sports that had varying contexts (e.g., ball games) were associated with better behavioral performance. PA and PE include versatile, low-cost, easy-to-implement interventions with minimal or no adverse effects. Adapted to the needs and capacities of each person, they are useful tools in the development of strategies that pursue the goal of enhance and/or conserve the cognitive function of different populations. For this reason, future research could further explore the phenomena involved in modulation, both of executive functions and of other areas of cognition, through physically activating interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise remains a necessary intervention for weight loss and weight maintenance in post-bariatric surgery patients. However, the basic principles of its prescription after this type of interventions are still controversial in the literature. In this context, our objective was to describe the main components of exercise prescription in post-bariatric surgery patients and its associated benefits. A scoping review was carried out using the Pubmed, PEDro, Springer, Science Direct, and Scielo databases. A search algorithm was used with the terms “bariatric surgery”, “obesity”, “exercise”, “post-surgical”, “exercise prescription” and “physical activity”, in English and Spanish. Clinical trials and observational studies published between 2010-2020, where there was exercise prescription after bariatric surgery, were included. A total of 13 studies were analyzed. The recommended parameters included frequency 3 to 5 times per week, aerobic intensity between 60-85% of HRmax or 60-70% of VO2max, anaerobic intensity between 60-85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and duration period between 12 and 18 weeks. Exercise is an important tool to maintain and reduce weight, attenuate sedentary lifestyle and improve quality of life in post-bariatric surgery patients with safe and effective results as long as the suggested levels of intensity, frequency, duration, type and progression are guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In advanced stages of heart failure, the prevalence of depressive illness can exceed 50%, which is associated with a worse clinical state, also increasing medical care costs. Objective: To identify and synthesize the most effective non-pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in patients with heart failure. Method: Studies published up to September 2021 involving depression and hear failure were identified by reviewing main databases. Two authors independently carried out the selection of the literature found. Results: Cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise were the most commonly used non-pharmacological interventions for depressive symptoms in patients with heart failure, with moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen’s d between 0.5 and 3.4). Conclusion: In patients with heart failure, cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise were shown to be better than usual care for depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the classification of cardiovascular risk allows the appropriate selection of exercise, through individualized assessments, and the generation of recommendations based on evidence. This study determined cardiovascular risk in a group of adults and older adults, using the stratification tool for exercise prescription of the American Heart Association (AHA), pointing out its recommendations, and those of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Methods: cross-sectional study, based on surveys of individuals belonging to a physical conditioning program. Cardiovascular risk was determined, a univariate and bivariate analysis was performed. Based on the results, appropriate exercise recommendations were described according to the AHA and the ESC, taking into account additional characteristics such as type and intensity, review mode. Results: the population was 62 participants, 84% (n=52) were women. The mean age was 65.73 ± 10.5 years. 51.6% were older adults (≥ 65 years). 45.2% had a history of hypertension and overweight, followed by diabetes (41.9%), dyslipidemia (33.9%) and valvular disease (21%). The calculated cardiovascular risk was: Class A: 25.8% (n=16); Class B: 29.0% (n=18); Class C: 19.4% (n=12), and Class D: 25.8% (n=16). There was a higher prevalence of hypertensive patients (39.3%) in class D (p = 0.016). Conclusion: the application of the cardiovascular risk classification strategy emerges as a key element to support informed decision making, generate substantial health benefits, and reduce the risk of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Adolescents who practice sports have better mental health indicators. Objective. To analyze the association between different types of physical activity (systematized exercise, individual, and collective sports), mental health, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 666 Brazilian adolescents (14-19 y.o.) attending high schools and selected using random cluster sampling. The mental health indicators analyzed were evaluated through the Self Reporting Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, including suicidal ideation. We also obtained physical activity information through questionnaires. Results. There was a higher prevalence related to mental disorders (54.2% vs. 32.5%), difficulties related to mental health (79.6% vs. 48.4%), and suicidal thoughts (22.9% vs. 11.4%) in girls than in boys (p < .001 for all). The boys engaged in more team sports (41.0 vs. 23.8), whereas girls performed more exercise (45.1 vs. 26.5; p < .001). Discussion and conclusion. The practice of team sports helps develop the collective spirit, stimulates social interaction, and develops reasoning and emotional intelligence. Boys who play team sports have fewer symptoms of common mental disorders, lower mental health problems, and less suicidal ideation than physically inactive boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted physical and mental health worldwide. It is essential to continue exploring the population's psychological manifestations and the pandemic's impact on lifestyles (physical activity, quality of sleep). Objective. This research aimed to describe the relationship between affect (positive and negative) and physical activity (PA) in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on health sciences students from three universities in Mexico and Colombia. PA was assessed using the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-S), and affects were measured using the PANAS index. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between PA and affect. Results. We included 430 participants between 16 and 40 years. We found no differences between the male and female participants regarding age, weight (BMI), PA, or the number of hours of sitting per day. The monthly consumption of alcohol and tobacco was more frequent in males (p < .05), and women expressed having worse sleep quality (p < .05). Adjusting for the number of hours spent sitting per day, gender, BMI, age, sleep quality, smoking and alcohol consumption habits, participants reported having more positive affect when they engaged in greater PA. No association was found between PA and negative affect. Discussion and conclusion. Prioritizing mental health and assessments that determine the late impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychological well-being is critical. Promoting PA in university communities is considered a priority to positively impact students' mental health and provide tools to facilitate coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain, sleep disorder, fatigue, other somatic symptoms. Clinical pilates method is therapeutic modality that can be used in improving the symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reformer pilates exercises in individuals with FM and to compare with home mat pilates. Twenty-eight women (age mean = 45.61 ± 10.31) diagnosed with FM were included in this study. Participants were randomly divided into two groups as reformer pilates group (n = 14) and home mat pilates group (n = 14). Reformer and home mat pilates exercises were given 2 times a week for 6 weeks. The number of painful regions with Pain Location Inventory (PLI), clinical status with Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), lower extremity muscle strength with Chair Stand Test, functional mobility with The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), biopsychosocial status with Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) and quality of life with Short Form-36 (SF-36) were evaluated. All evaluations were assessed before and after treatment. There was a significant difference in FIQ and chair stand test in reformer pilates group, while in PLI, FIQ, BETY-BQ vs. SF-36 Physical Component in home group (p < 0.05) compared with baseline. There were no statistical differences between the groups in terms of delta value (p > 0.05). Reformer pilates exercises had positive effects on clinical status and muscle strength while home mat pilates exercises had positive effects on the number of painful regions, clinical status, biopsychosocial status and physical component quality of life. Clinical trial registration number NCT04218630. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive outpatient treatment could be a promising option for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of an eight-day (two-week) intensive treatment for PTSD within a public health care setting (open trial design). Method: Eighty-nine patients were offered the choice between intensive treatment and spaced individual treatment, of which 34 (38.2%) chose the intensive format. Patients were assessed with self-report batteries and interviews at pre-treatment, start of treatment, post-treatment and three-month follow-up. Each day consisted of individual Prolonged Exposure therapy, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy, group psychoeducation, and physical activity. Therapists rotated between patients. Results: Between 55 and 62% of the patients showed a clinically significant change (recovery) in symptoms of PTSD, and the effect sizes were large (d = 1.38–1.52). Patients also showed reduction in symptoms of depression and anxiety, along with improved well-being and interpersonal functioning. Changes in social and work functioning were more ambiguous. There were no dropouts, attendance was high, and patients were highly satisfied with the treatment. Conclusions: The intensive programme was an attractive and effective treatment option for patients with PTSD. More than a third of the patients referred to our clinic chose intensive over spaced treatment. Patients reported significant reductions in symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. None of the patients dropped out of treatment, and they reported high treatment satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. People with bipolar disorder are at a higher risk of metabolic morbidity and mortality. Chronotype may play a significant role due to its effect on sleep quality, eating patterns, and physical activity. Objective. To compare sleep quality, social jetlag, physical activity, and diet, depending on the chronotype of people with bipolar disorder, and to determine the association between these variables. Method. Cross-sectional, comparative, correlational study. The sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of subjects were assessed. Chronotype was determined using the Composite Scale of Morningness while sleep quality was evaluated through the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Social jet lag was calculated through the absolute difference between the midpoint of sleep on weekends and workdays. Physical activity was measured through the Bouchard Activity Record and diet was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire. Comparative analyses were performed between chronotype categories and the association between variables was measured. Results. 116 subjects were included. Subjects with evening chronotype reported poorer sleep quality than those with morning chronotype. Eveningness was associated with lower sleep quality scores and more hours of sleep on workdays, as well as with higher consumption of cold meats, calories, and sodium. Trends indicate greater social jet lag and low physical activity levels among evening chronotypes. Discussion and conclusion. The effects of chronotype on study variables require further research to clarify this complex relationship and develop educational strategies to promote sleep hygiene, physical activity, and a healthy diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity is a global public health problem. Physical activity and exercise are important tools for promoting and preventing. The research carried out in Colombia in this regard is unknown, which is necessary to implement efficient public policies. Objective: to analyze Colombian research found in scientific databases on physical activity or exercise in overweight and obesity. Methodology: literary review of research articles carried out in Colombia from 2010 to 2020, in the PubMed and SciELO databases. Results: Of 87 articles found, 23 met the inclusion criteria. 91.3% published in internationally indexed journals. 69.5% observational studies, 17.4% clinical trials and 8.7% systematic reviews. Conclusions: little production in Colombia. Most of the indexed journals had an observational design and found an association between little physical activity and overweight/obesity. High prevalence of overweight/obesity. Few authors were professionals in the area of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regular practice of a certain type of training is one of the strategies used to optimize body composition. Consequently, nutritional intervention is not always considered as part of interdisciplinary work. This study aimed to identify the effects of a nutritional intervention program associated with concurrent training on body composition, assessed through bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in physically active men. The intervention lasted 6 months, with the participation of 12 subjects (23.4 ± 4.9 years). During the first 5 months, food and training planning was applied, adjusted to the individual characteristics of each of the participants. At the beginning of the 6th month, food planning was eliminated and only training was maintained, to analyze the possible changes in body composition of the participants. Prior to (before the intervention program), during (at the end of month 5), and after the intervention (end of month 6), adipose tissue, muscle, and fat-free mass were evaluated through electrical bioimpedance (BIA). The results showed that in the first five months, this training program generated a decrease in the percentage of adipose tissue (PRE= 16.20 ± 4.75; POST= 9.52 ± 3.70; p= 0.000; ES= 1.51) and adipose tissue index (PRE= 5.34 ± 1.75; POST= 3.16 ± 1.34; p=0.001; ES=1.35), increase in the percentage of muscle tissue (PRE= 46.05 ± 3.02; POST= 49.90 ± 2.90; p=0.004; ES= -1.25) and increased muscle/fat index (PRE= 2.53 ± 0.75; POST = 4.85 ± 2.64, p=0.005, SE= -1.15). The above effects were significantly reduced when the nutritional intervention was withdrawn from the program (p>0.05). It is concluded that nutritional intervention is a key factor to generate positive effects in the optimization of body composition regardless of the level of training. These results show the importance of individualized food planning, carried out by a professional nutritionist with regard to changes in the body composition of physically active subjects. The results of this study could be useful for nutritionists when forming disciplinary teams to improve eating habits and body composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to study women's body itineraries, through the interviews of women from high and low socioeconomic status (SES) who live in Santiago de Chile. The project inquiries bodies' itineraries as a set of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetics care actions as everyday practices. This concept allowed reflecting on the body as a continuous becoming, a movement or action, and not a fixed entity. The project had a qualitative research design. Data was collected using reflexive interviews. Participants were asked to describe a typical day using magazine images. Every interview started with the question: "If your body could talk with images, how would it tell its day?". Four women were interviewed, two of high SES and two of low SES. The data analysis was conducted the reflexive thematic analysis guidelines. The results compared high and low SES bodies itineraries organized by type of practice. Women of high SES describe their nutrition practices in terms of body awareness; how food affects their bodies. Low SES women instead talk about their nutrition from a self-control perspective. These women describe their food intake as something that must be at all times regulated. For them, nutrition becomes a constant failure because they usually lack self-control. Women of high SES describe the exercise as a pleasant activity, it is related to wellbeing. The interviewed women from this group reported exercising regularly. Women of Low SES described their lack of exercising in terms of laziness. Women of low SES report makeup as a daily aesthetic care practice. Women describe that they start applying makeup at their house, continue in the subway or bus on the way to work, and finish at the workplace. Makeup doesn't have a delimited space or place. Women of high SES describe aesthetic care practices in terms of skincare. They emphasize that good-looking skin and body image reflect a healthy body. A significant difference between low and high SES women is that the first consider aesthetic care practices as superficial, while for the latter is an inner state that reflects exteriorly. In general terms, women of high SES refer to body itineraries in terms of awareness. Women regularly refer to how the practices of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care affect their bodies. Women of low SES instead describe their body itineraries as control practices that regularly fail. They don't report body sensations. The analysis shows that the description of nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care have moral (good/bad) and affective dimensions (how a body shall be affected in these practices). Being a caregiver emerged as a relevant issue when accounting for body itineraries. Two of the four women we interviewed were mothers, one from each SES. Caregiving was significant in nutrition and exercise practices. Women with children tend to eat when and what their children are eating. Eating tends to be a practice distributed in the routine. For example, a woman had a sandwich with her son before school and then a coffee after dropping him at school. Likewise, exercise is in function to the children's routine. For example, a woman walks fast from the school to her house. Being a caregiver structures time and, as an effect, it is very significant in body itineraries. Finally, in the discussion the analysis was compared with other data. The different practices of women of high and low SES derive into different outcomes. Women of low SES are more obese and sedentary than women from high SES. The notion of body itineraries is an integrative concept to study nutrition, exercise, and aesthetic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In several sports, morphological differences exist when comparing training status. However, these are less known in novel urban sports such as Street Workout (SW). This study compares the morphological characteristics between untrained (novice) and trained (experienced) SW athletes. Thirty-seven male Street workout practitioners from Viña del Mar (Chile) participated. Anthropometric, body composition, and somatotype data were assessed and compared according to the training experience. We found that trained SW athletes had a higher flexed and tensed arm perimeter (+4.4 %, p=0.038), lower hips perimeter (-4.8 %, p=0.041), narrower biiliocristal breadth (-3.2 %, p=0.035), lesser sum of 6 skinfolds (-40.8 %, p<0.001), and a lower endomorphic component (p<0.001) than untrained SW athletes. The proportionality analysis revealed that trained athletes had significantly higher upper body perimeters and lower skinfolds than untrained athletes. In addition, trained participants had higher percentages of the whole-body (+6.5 %, p<0.001) and upper limb muscle mass (+1.1 %; <0.001), and lower fat mass percentage (-7.9 %, p<0.001) and fat mass (-6.9 kg, p<0.001). In conclusion, similar to other sports, morphological differences exist in SW according to the training status, suggesting that morphology is associated with training experience. Further studies using DEXA should corroborate our findings and, in turn, determine the relevance of morphology in SW performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vascular flow restriction is a novel training method that has been shown to achieve cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations similar to those obtained during conventional training; it promises the development of muscle strength and trophism, combining the low intensity loads with partial restriction of blood flow in the muscle. Objective: To analyze evidence on the effectiveness of vascular flow restriction during physical retraining in patients with chronic renal failure with renal function replacement therapy. Methods: Electronic databases were used; PubMed, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Clinical trials conducted in people receiving dialysis or hemodialysis were included. Texts in both English and Spanish were searched. Results: The search and selection identified five scientific articles and a doctoral thesis, which were evaluated under the criteria of the PEDro scale, three of which measured strength and physical capacity and the remaining two, alterations in dialysis adequacy and hemodynamic parameters. Conclusions: Using this rehabilitation and/or training tool has positive effects clinically similar to those of conventional training with respect to strength and muscle hypertrophy in a wide range of ages and physical states. Both physical function and quality of life showed an improvement, being especially interesting for populations limited physically that cannot benefit from high-intensity training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to characterize the socio-environmental factors related to physical activity in university students in Colombia. The research team conducted a cross-sectional study among health sciences students between 18 and 35 years old. Through a stratified sample, we randomly selected 418 subjects for the application of the IPAQ and ECAVE questionnaire that evaluated the level of physical activity and the quality of their neighborhood. Results indicated that 39.1% (IC95 34.9-44.5) are inactive; regarding the urban environment, the areas for walking (51.43%), parks and green areas (49.7%), sports facilities in their place of study (66.74%), cycle routes (71.29%), and pedestrian paths (63.6%) are not suitable for the realization of physical activity; 49.5% perceive negatively the accessibility and availability of public facilities. In conclusion, the appreciation of the infrastructure and environmental conditions is a determining factor for the practice of physical activity in university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical inactivity is a lifestyle that has significantly increased in the population in recent years. The cardiovascular compromise inherent to this lack of activity is one of the greatest risk factors that health professionals must face. From the primary care physician's office, appropriate exercise prescription in healthy adults can maximize the multiple benefits of physical activity and reduce cardiovascular risk and the factors that may contribute to the development of various chronic noncommunicable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity in children and adolescents has grown substantially in the last decades. It is known that low physical activity levels are associated with excessive body fat. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the influence of physical activity levels in development overweight and obese children and adolescents. For this review of literature the following databases were used: Medline (N ational Library of Medicine United States), Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences), PubMed (US N ational Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), periodicals portal Capes (Coordination of Higher Education Personnel Training), Scopus and Web of Science. The descriptors used as list of DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors) / MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) were atividade física, infância e obesidade infantil (terms in Portuguese), as well as physical activity, child, childhood obesity and energy expenditure, respectively. In total 293 articles published between 2004 and 2016 were found, and after selection criteria, 12 were considered for this review. The prevalence of overweight in children aged 5 to 9 years in the North and Northeast regions ranged from 25% to 30% and in the Southeast, South and Midwest 32-40%. Unanimously, when analyzing intervention issues in the treatment of obesity, the practice of physical activities and good eating habits were pointed out as essential to change of the clinical scenario of obese children and adolescents, which can consequently affect their health in adult life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the knowledge levels and sportive performances of the athletes playing tennis in the Eastern Anatolia Region. The research group consists of 167 volunteer athletes in licensed national/international tournaments in the Eastern Anatolia Region, Malatya. "Personal Information Form" and "Athlete Warm-up Habit" scale form, which determines the warming habits of athletes, were used as data collection tools. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package program. The significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Of the athletes in the study, 54.5% had muscle-joint injuries, 79% did warm-up exercises, 58.1% did warm-up exercises between 11-20 minutes, and 42.5% had continuous warm-up exercises. It was determined that they did cool-down exercises, and 41.9% of them did cool-down exercises between 11-20 minutes. 91% of the research group stated that warm-up exercises reduce the risk of athlete injury, and 85% stated that warmup exercises positively affect the joint areas and improve the athlete's range of motion. It was determined that the mean score of the knowledge level of warming habits of the research group was at a reasonable level of 73.80±10.52. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive treatments have shown encouraging results in the treatment of several psychological disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, qualitative studies on patient experiences with intensive treatment for PTSD remain scarce. The aim of this study was to explore patient experiences with an intensive, outpatient treatment for PTSD and to discover important factors behind treatment feasibility. Eight participants were recruited from two groups of patients having completed the intensive treatment programme. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted, and data sets were analysed using thematic analysis. The main result indicated that patients experienced the treatment as very demanding, but still worth the effort in terms of reducing symptoms. The intensity was valued as useful. Participants emphasized the sense of unity with other participants as well as physical activity as important factors for completion of the treatment programme. The rotation of therapists was also highlighted as important for treatment efficacy. This study provides insights into what the patients experienced and emphasized as important aspects of treatment and essential factors for completing treatment. The main conclusions were that all of the patients evaluated the treatment as demanding, but the reward of reduced symptoms made it worthwhile. The high frequency of therapy sessions and the therapist rotation were reported to counteract avoidance and increase the patients' commitment to therapy. Physical activity and unity in the group were highlighted as essential for treatment feasibility. • High treatment intensity enabled increased focus and adherence, and reduced avoidance. Therapist rotation led to heightened intensity and new learning experiences. • Physical activity and sense of unity through group elements were reported as important factors for treatment feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New intensive trauma-focused treatment (TFT) programmes that incorporate physical activity have been developed for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the unique contribution of physical activity within these intensive TFT programmes has never been investigated in a controlled manner. This randomized controlled trial will investigate the effectiveness of physical activity added to an intensive TFT programme. In addition, the study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of physical activity on the change in PTSD symptoms. Individuals with PTSD (N = 120) will be randomly allocated to two conditions: a physical activity or a non-physical active control condition. All participants will receive the same intensive TFT lasting eight days within two consecutive weeks, in which daily prolonged exposure and EMDR therapy sessions, and psycho-education are combined. The amount of physical activity will differ per condition. While the physical activity condition induces daily physical activities with moderate intensity, in the non-physical active control condition no physical activity is prescribed; but instead, a controlled mixture of guided (creative) tasks is performed. The two primary outcome measures are change in PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-treatment and at six months follow-up, measured with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Additionally, self-reported sleep problems, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, dissociation symptoms and anxiety sensitivity will be measured as potential underlying mechanisms. This study will contribute to the research field of augmentation strategies for PTSD treatment by investigating the effectiveness of physical activity added to intensive TFT. This trial is registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (Trial NL9120). This study will be the first to determine the effectiveness of physical activity as add-on to an intensive TFT programme, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of physical activity on the treatment-related change in PTSD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) severely affects population including children, predisposing them to the development of chronic diseases at early age, such as type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Skeletal muscle acts as regulator of glucose and energy production and is affected during MetS. AIMS: To assess the molecular mechanisms associated to improvement of MetS during exercise, metabolic and gene expression remodeling that may be involved. METHODS: MetS was induced in 250 g male Wistar rats by 30% sucrose in drinking water. Animals receiving tap water were controls, both groups received solid standard diet. After 14 weeks, an endurance exercised group, and a sedentary one were formed in control and MetS animals. After eight weeks of training, the soleus and Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were dissected to asses contractile performance in an isolated organ device. Gene expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, PGC1a, AMPKa2, NFATC1, MEF2a, SIX1, EYA1, FOXO1 and key metabolic enzymes activities were evaluated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Exercise mildly improved MetS biochemical markers. MetS altered the contractile performance of the muscles, along with a mild-shift to a slow MyHC profile in EDL. FOXO1 increased in Soleus from MetS, whereas MEF2a and NFATC1 augmented under exercise, however PGC1a and SIX1 were unchange. NFATC1 decreased in EDL from MetS. Altered oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activities in MetS were partially reverted by exercise on the EDL. Soleus oxidative enzymes were enhanced by exercise on MetS as control. CONCLUSION: These results showed that MetS mostly affects EDL, exercise only partially reverts this. Soleus seems more resilient to MetS although it modifies the metabolic remodeling induced by exercise in EDL. We highlight the importance of studying both muscles during MetS, and their metabolic remodeling on the development of new therapies for MetS by exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the effect of a concurrent training program on body composition and phase angle in young women. 38 women (19.26 ± 1.86 years) participated in the study, and were assigned according to convenience sampling into two groups: 11 into the control group (CG) and 27 into the intervention group (IG). The IG performed a 12-weeks concurrent training protocol. The frequency was five days a week, and the intensity was established in 40-60 % of a repetition maximum to strength exercise, and 40-65 % heart rate reserve to endurance exercise. Body composition and phase angle were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance before and after the intervention. The IG had a decrease in fat mass (pre = 24.66 ± 5.65 kg; post = 20.38 ± 4.20 kg; Cohen's d = .80; p< 0,001 [CI 95 % = 3.34,5.22]), and an increase in muscle mass (pre = 22.75 ±3.23 kg; post: 23.50± 3.41 kg; Cohen's d = -0.86; p= <0,001[CI 95 % = -1.09,-0.40]) and total phase angle (pre = 5.72° ±0.39; post: 6.24° ± 0.51; Cohen's d = -1.32; p=<0,001 [CI 95 % = -0.67,-0.36]), whereas the CG had not show significant variations in variables of body composition or total phase angle. The results suggest that a 12-weeks concurrent training program could modify positively the young women's body composition and phase angle. Hence, it is recommended using similar protocols to change variables related to young women's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020; one consequence has been the increase in sedentary lifestyle and reduction of sports activity. Exercise benefits the immune defense system especially in older adults; it is recommended to keep a distance of 1.5 meters between people, and if walking or jogging is carried out, the space must be up to 5 and 10 meters respectively. The reported cases are mostly mild up to 80% and can be critical in up to 4.7%; the risk factors are well known, hypertension, diabetes and previous heart disease. Severe or critical cases present as symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and in the case of cardiovascular disease, they mainly occur as myopericarditis, acute coronary syndromes, cardiogenic shock, thrombotic events, among others. Returning to exercise after recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is always recommended, however it will depend on the clinical picture what measures should be taken prior to its onset, and it is in moderate cases and especially in the severe ones where the evaluation and prescription prior to returning to exercise or sport should be guided by medical personnel experts in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, especially in athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Comparison of the impact of physical exercise on the behavior of elderly women with Alzheimer's in a long-stay institution for the elderly. Methods: Non-randomized clinical trial, with nine elderly women with Alzheimer's Disease, residing in a long-term institution. They were submitted daily, for four weeks, to the application of two questionnaires, one to establish the individual profile of each resident, and the other to analyze the characteristic characteristics of the disease. Results: It is observed that nine among the drugs consumed had characteristics for behavioral modulation (55.56% Quetiapine; 22.22% Depakote and/or Exelon Patch; 11.11% of Donaren, Donepezila, Donila Duo, Escitalopran, Exodus and / or Sertraline); after four weeks, 44.44% (n = 4) of residents reduced behavioral changes for periods with physical exercise (p < 0.05); as means of behavioral changes in the total sample, they were 0.76 ± 0.38 and 1.60 ± 0.70 for the periods with and without physical exercise, respectively (p < 0.05); and behavior such as "aggressiveness directed at the team", "irritability" and "other changes", similar to a variation of 0.80; 2.04; and 1.21; respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: The inclusion of physical exercise on a regular basis, in a long-stay institution for the elderly, is capable of reducing short-term behavioral changes in institutionalized elderly women with Alzheimer's Disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the barriers to self-care and adherence to medication during confinement for COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional and longitudinal study was done in patients with type 2 diabetes, the diabetes self-care activities summary tool was used to compare self-care behaviors and the 8-item Morisky-Green questionnaire to assess adherence to medication from April 20 to May 29, 2020. A questionnaire designed by the research team was used to assess difficulties in coping with type 2 diabetes. A multiple linear regression model was used to predict the association between the presence of difficulties and self-care. RESULTS: The frequency of self-care activities decreased for diet (p < 0.008), physical activity/exercise (p < 0.054) and glucose monitoring (p < 0.001). Lack of economic resources was an inverse predictor for adherence to diet (p < 0.001) and glucose monitoring (p < 0.001), and the confinement barrier was an inverse predictor for adherence to diet (p < 0.001) and activity physical/exercise (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Economic and confinement barriers were predictors for the execution of self-care behaviors independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with pulmonary hypertension present limited tolerance to exercise and aerobic capacity; which is reflected in the reduction in peak oxygen consumption and their functional performance. This intolerance to exercise has traditionally been attributed to cardiac and respiratory dysfunction. However, as it happens in other chronic diseases, lower-limb and respiratory muscle alterations are also involved in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Increasing evidence suggests that physical exercise training is an efficient and safe strategy. The recommendation for light and moderate-intensity exercise is made within the framework of pulmonary rehabilitation, and its benefits have been previously described. In diseases such as COPD, lower-limb muscle function, exercise tolerance and quality of life improve following exercise training. And just as with COPD, it is necessary to promote evidence-based interventions with pulmonary hypertension. This narrative review focuses on the evaluation, safety and efficacy of training the respiratory muscles and the muscles of upper and lower extremities in patients with pulmonary hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is defined as the structural narrowing of the spinal canal, lateral recesses or junctional holes in the lumbar area. It's a common condition in elderly patients after the fifth decade of life; it is a debilitating pathology that negatively impacts the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Material and method: a review of the bibliography was carried out during the month of january 2020 in the following databases: Pubmed, PEDro, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The search was limited to randomized clinical trials in patients or subjects with lumbar spinal stenosis who received any of the physiotherapy modalities in their treatment, in the last 10 years. Results and conclusion: eight articles are selected for analysis. The results of our study show that Physiotherapy, mainly therapeutic exercise, is effective in reducing the symptoms of lumbar stenosis. Physiotherapy treatment programs are inclined to the use of multimodal therapy, which is what has shown the most beneficial results. New homogeneous studies are needed to demonstrate its efficacy, with a larger sample number and with higher methodological quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning in the 60s muscle biopsies along with biochemical studies have improved the understanding of exercise physiology. The advancement in the technique of biopsies and the development of molecular biology have allowed greater understanding about the molecular regulation of metabolism in muscle fibers and their adaptation to exercise. However, the usefulness of biopsies has been questioned by arguing that the risk of the procedure could be greater than the benefit. The aim of the present work was to review the literature on the safety and efficacy of skeletal muscle biopsy for the study of exercise. This review shows that, performed correctly and by an expert, skeletal muscle biopsy is a safe, low-risk procedure and is an effective tool for exercise physiology research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify and describe the available evidence on lifestyle interventions designed to promote healing and prevention of the recurrence of venous ulcers. Methods: Scoping review guided by the methodological framework of Arksey and O'Malley for intervention studies published between 2008-2020 in English, Spanish and Portuguese in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases using the keywords: venous leg ulcer, lifestyle intervention, nutritional support, exercise, wound healing, recurrence. Results: Twenty studies were included in the synthesis. Most of the interventions focused on promoting exercise and analyzing its effects on the healing of venous ulcers. Only four intervention studies addressed the nutritional aspect of these patients and only three determined recurrences. The findings are limited due to the diversity in the design and execution of the available interventions in addition to the small sample sizes in the studies. Conclusions: The existing evidence suggests that interventions that promote physical activity and exercise could have a beneficial effect on the healing and prevention of recurrence of venous ulcers. However, a solid evidence base is lacking in lifestyle interventions for these patients. Current research provides some insights into the specific components that should be considered when planning such interventions in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There are still several barriers against establishing exercise routines in regular dialysis treatments despite their well-known benefits. Developing cost-effective strategies is necessary to overcome these barriers and include exercise as a complement to dialysis treatment. Nurses play a central role in these units; therefore, examining adherence may be interesting to make exercise implementation easier. Methods: 71 subjects were randomized either into an intradialytic or a home exercise program. They did exercise for 16 weeks. Nurses ran the intradialytic exercise program and the home exercise program was autonomous. The total number of sessions carried out was recorded in order to obtain the levels of adherence to the exercise. Results: In the intradialytic exercise group, 25% of participants showed low adherence; 50% had medium adherence, and 25%, high adherence. In the home group, 49% showed low adherence; 9% exhibited medium adherence, and 42%, high adherence. Conclusions: There are higher levels of adherence in the intradialytic group when compared to the home group, but the levels of high adherence were more significant in the home group, showing a greater impact in those with low adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: a multicomponent exercise-based intervention would favor functionality. However, there are few local studies, in Chile, that have used them. Objective: to determine the effects of multicomponent exercise in reducing the falling and cognitive deterioration risks, improving balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and life quality in elderly people living in the community. Methods: pre-post experimental study without control group. The sample was intentional (n = 17; 47.1% women; median 70 years old). A multicomponent exercise plan was applied for nine weeks. Pre and post exercise, dynamic balance was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test, static balance with a postural oscillograph and the Unipodal Station test, muscle strength with the Sit and Stand test, functional capacity with the 6 Minute Walk test, quality life with the SF-36 Questionnaire and suspected cognitive impairment with the Mini Mental State. To determine pre-post exercise differences, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Results: after the exercises, a better performance was observed in the tests: Timed Up and Go (p = 0.004), Unipodal Station (p = 0.023 right leg, p = 0.005 left leg), Sitting and Getting up (p = 0.014), 6-Minute Walk (p = 0.006) and in the SF-36 Questionnaire: body pain (p = 0.003), mental health (p = 0.000) and total score (p = 0.002). Conclusions: a nine-week multicomponent exercise program was able to reduce the risk of falls, improve balance, muscle strength, functional capacity and quality of life in older people living in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: chronic fatigue syndrome is a disabling disease with a high incidence in young adults whose main characteristic is persistent fatigue. Despite the fact that there is no effective curative treatment, the prognosis is unfavorable if it is not treated. Objective: to recognize and analyze the available evidence about the effectiveness of physical exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Material and method: a literature search was carried out between February to May 2019 in the following databases; Scopus, Medline and PEDro. The keywords used were "Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic" and "Exercise".The selected studies were randomized clinical trials written in english or spanish.To include them, the patients had to be adults of both sexes diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome whose intervention was physical exercise. Results: ten randomized clinical trials were selected for in-depth analysis. Qigong therapy and non-protocolized gradual exercise, as well as protocolized gradual exercise, revealed an important improvement in fatigue values, the latest also showing improvement in physical function; lastly, isometric exercise had different results between studies or they were not significant. Conclusions: this systematic review found a significant improvement for fatigue values in patients diagnosed with this syndrome when performing Qigong and gradual exercise therapies (protocolized and non-protocolized). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: this review aims to assess the effectiveness of physical exercise or other possible treatments for pediatric respiratory patients with asthma. Material and method: the search was conducted between January and May 2019 in the MedLine, Scopus and PEDro databases with the following keywords: "respiratory physiotherapy, children, asthma" combined with the Boolean operator "AND". This search was based on randomized and controlled clinical trials in Spanish, English and Portuguese. For its election, we took into account the type of study, dealing with respiratory Physiotherapy or a complementary technique to Physiotherapy and a population up to 18 years with asthma problems. If they did not meet these requirements, they were considered excluded. Results: the complete analysis of 9 articles on a pediatric population up to 18 years of age was performed. In these studies, several fields of physiotherapy are opened for the treatment of this pathology: aerobic exercise, respiratory exercises and other alternatives, such as acupuncture, with the study variables of lung function, bronchial response capacity and quality of life. Conclusion: there is strong evidence for the effectiveness of physical exercise on pulmonary function and quality of life variables in asthmatic patients. There is moderate evidence for the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength variables in pediatric patients. Similarly, there is moderate evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture in improving asthma in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking as a starting point the verse 356 of the satire X by Juvenal -mens sana in corpore sano- and the analysis and study of its misinterpretation, is described in detail as one of the proper elements of the model of active aging, the physical activity practiced by the elderly, it was present in the writings of several notable people in Ancient Rome. Through the exegesis of literary sources, we see that there is a relation between Ancient Rome and our time, with respect to the model of active aging and particularly in respect to the practice of physical exercise by the elderly. Various texts by Ciceron, Seneca, Plinio the Young, Plutarco, Juvenal and Galeno, reflect the existence of proper concepts of the model of active aging dating back as early as the I b.C -II a.C. It is about commentaries, descripctions and advises, that show the importance given to physical exercise as guarantor of quality of life from an empirical and theorical perspective as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prescription of physical exercise in a program carried out through Virtual Reality (VR) for elderly people. Materials and method: Literature review was conducted by searching keywords such as "virtual reality", "physical therapy", "Exergames", "Healthy", "Older people", and "Exercise" in the following search engines: Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar and Databases from the Escuela de Ingeniería de Antioquia (EIA). The inclusion criteria of the articles comprised intensity, frequency, session duration, types of games and results of the physical activity. Results: A selection of 40 articles allowed us to identify the prescription of physical activity using VR for elderly people. Conclusion: The prescription of physical activity in VR may encompass sessions with a length of time between 30 to 50 minutes and three to five sessions per week. The proposal consists of 3 to 5 sets of 8 to 20 repetitions of an initial intensity at 30% to 75% of the maximum heart rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: the aim of this systematic review was to identify the adherence rate to exercise programmes for preventing falls among community-dwelling older, as well as describing the main tools for its evaluation. Material and method: a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations was carried out. The main databases in health science were consulted Medline/Pubmed, LILACS and IBECS, PSYCINFO, CINAHL, SPORT DISCUS, PEDro, Web of Science and Scielo. Furthermore, to obtain additional articles, the reference list of included studies was also checked. From March to May 2018, randomized controlled trials in English were collected. The selection criteria were: elderly dwelling community independent walking, balance and walking training, age equal or over 65 years old. Adherence and walking or balance or falls or physical activity were the variables included. Frail elderly or people with neurological or physical traumas were excluded. Results: a total of six studies was selected with 1439 participants who carried out training of balance and walk. The analysed variable was always the adherence and walk or balance or falls or physical activity. There was a low rate of adherence and balance and gait improved in most studies. Conclusion: low adherence rate has been observed with a tendency to be higher at the beginning of the program. Developing an objective and validated tool that is not self-administered is needed to measure adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercising is one of the greatest benefits for the health. However, at a systemic level it can be harmful depending on the intensity degree with which the athletes practice. The high-resistance training involves exhaustive training that can result in gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic manifestations occur such as the triggering of the inflammatory process, progression of oxidative stress and gut microbiota modification. Currently, athletes consume commercial products to counteract these effects. However, there are natural therapeutic alternatives such as the consumption of sources rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols. The use of these sources can improve the symptoms presented by reducing systemic oxidative processes, improving intestinal protection and increasing sports performance. This review it focuses on the systemic mechanisms modifiable by the high-resistance training and the consumption of natural sources as fiber and polyphenolic compounds a therapeutic alternative to reduce intestinal symptoms and negative systemic processes in the athlete and favor naturally their gut health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensive treatment could be effective for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of an 8-day (2-week) intensive outpatient treatment for PTSD. Method: Treatment each day consisted of individual Prolonged Exposure (PE), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and psychoeducation and physical activity in groups. Patients met different therapists from session to session. Results: Six patients started and completed treatment. Levels of attendance of sessions was high. Patients reported that they were satisfied with the treatment, describing it as emotionally taxing, but meaningful. Therapists also described several positive aspects of the treatment format. There were large reductions in PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Given these promising, but preliminary findings on the programme's feasibility, future research should investigate this treatment format using larger samples and controlled designs. This 8-day (2-week) intensive outpatient treatment programme was feasible for patients suffering from severe PTSD. Treatment combined two types of trauma-focused treatment (PE and EMDR), psychoeducation, physical activity, and therapist rotation. All patients completed treatment and described it as emotionally taxing, but manageable and meaningful. Patients reported to be satisfied with the treatment, and there were large reductions in PTSD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with premature onset of chronic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease. Diet and exercise are behavioural contributors to physical health, and research suggests they are influenced by psychiatric symptoms, including PTSD. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between PTSD and exercise and diet quality and to test if emotion regulation strategies contribute to the link between PTSD and these health behaviours. Method: A representative sample of US military veterans (n = 860 at Time 1, n = 503 at Time 2, mean age = 63 years, 91.5% male) were assessed twice over the course of approximately three years. Results: Mediation models revealed that the association between baseline PTSD symptom severity and subsequent diet quality was mediated by emotion suppression (measured at Time 2; indirect B = −.03; 95% CI: −.059 to −.002). Trauma exposure also directly predicted diet quality (B = −.31; p =.003). There were no significant direct or indirect associations between PTSD severity or trauma exposure and exercise engagement. Conclusions: These results suggest that PTSD symptoms are associated with worse diet quality and that the consumption of unhealthy food may be driven by efforts to suppress emotion. This carries implications for understanding and treating medical comorbidities among those with traumatic stress. • Associations between PTSD & exercise and nutrition were evaluated. • The sample included 860 veterans at Time 1 and 503 at follow-up. • Emotional suppression mediated the PTSD to decreased nutrition quality association. • Addressing emotion suppression in treatment may reduce health burden of PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study is to analyze the effects of gestational voluntary locomotor activity, as a type of physical training, on the morphology of the offspring's heart pump, in a murine model of the CF-1 strain. Twelve (12) pregnant females were randomly divided in a control group and a group performing voluntary locomotor activity, by accessing an activity wheel during the first 12 days of gestation. Cardiac morphology was evaluated using cross sections, measuring thickness and area of the walls of the right ventricle, left ventricle, and septum, both in absolute values and values relative to the individual's body mass. It was observed that the body mass of the control pups (CG) was significantly higher than those of the group whose females accessed the activity wheel (GE) (p <0.01). Differences were observed only in absolute values of thickness and myocardial areas of the right ventricle, between the GE and GC group (p <0.05). However, when evaluating the thickness and areas relative to body mass, it was observed that the offspring of the GE group presented thicknesses and areas significantly larger than those in the GC group (p <0.01). In conclusion, gestational physical activity alters the morphological development of the heart pump in CF-1 mice, significantly increasing the thickness and area of the myocardial walls in relation to offspring total body mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]