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This case report demonstrates a series of small deviations from the routine diabetes care which resulted in a fatal outcome with forensic consequences. A 75-year old man with type 2 diabetes was referred to a hospital due to acute pain in his right hip. The omitting of insulin prescription resulted in a fatal outcome. The experts concluded, various mishaps and such a critical medical error may occure in any healthcare institution at any time. The purpose of this report is reduce the risk of such pitfalls in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The glomus tumour is mostly a benign growth that most frequently occurs in the subungual area or within the pulp of the distal phalanx of the fingers. Its incidence is very rare. Glomus tumour is clinically characterized by -- pain, -- tenderness, and -- cold sensitivity. Despite this typical manifestation, the correct diagnosis is mostly determined after several months or years, and patient is often repeatedly examined by physicians of various specializations. The glomus tumour can cause the blue discoloration of the nail or form a palpable nodule within the pulp. X-ray examination does not show the tumour directly but it can expose the bony defect in the distal phalanx. By contrast, MR Imaging can demonstrate well-bordered formation, thus helping to locate the tumour and select the appropriate surgical approach. MRI can also indentify the rare occurrence of multiple glomus tumours. Surgical extirpation of the tumour under local or general anaesthesia is the treatment of choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drunkenness and/or hypoglycaemia are frequent possible causes of unusual behavior. The aim of this study was to demonstrate two contradictory reviews of experts for retrospective assessment of driver´s condition in the course of a car crash where the driver denied the alcohol blood test. One expert, having seen the police and medical reports, concluded the driver was influenced by alcohol. The argument of the other expert, based on his own investigation including selfmonitoring and a model experiment, resulted in the conclusion that the driver was probably influenced by hypoglycaemia. The question arises, whether the persons involved (drivers, police, physicians and others) could be able to improve the consequences of the accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The designation NESTIN refers to a member of the family of intermediate filaments and comes from the fact that this protein is expressed mainly in neuroepithelial stem cells, However, nestin is not expressed in mature elements and terminal cell differentiation is associated with loss of immunoreactivity to this protein. Therefore, immunohistochemical assessment of nestin expression might be useful to differentiate between mature and immature elements. The aim of this study was to analyse nestin expression in various tumours of neuroectodermal and vascular origin and to determine whether its detection has practical relevance. The results indicate that the immunohistochemical detection of nestin expression could be useful. in astrocytomas and malignant melanomas, where it could be used as an auxiliary indicator of dedifferentiation and progression. Because of the weak and heterogeneous expression of nestin in neurinomas, phaeochromocytomas, and carcinoids, nestin detection in these lesions is of little practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of haematological malignancies associated with germ cell tumours was described for the first time in literature in 1985. Since then, more than 60 cases have been published, mostly involving mediastinal germ cell tumour and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Germ cell tumours as well as acute megakaryoblastic leukaemias are rare neoplasms characterized by poor prognosis when concurrent, with a dismal median survival of 6 months from the date of dia-gnosis. Recent data suggest a clonal relationship between these two neoplasms when occurring concurrently due to the common presence of isochromosome 12p and mutations of TP53, NRAS and PTEN in both. Our case report presents a rare case of concurrent mediastinal germ cell tumour and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia treated at our centre as well as a review of literature focusing on molecular changes in these neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction is presented to the article "Meeting Report of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Academy of Surgical Research: Summary of Presentations, Labs, and Workshops, Focusing on Experimental Surgery, Las Vegas, NV, October 4–6, 2017" which appeared in the previous issue of the periodical.

Malignant gliomas, the deadliest of brain neoplasms, show rampant genetic instability and resistance to genotoxic therapies, implicating potentially aberrant DNA damage response (DDR) in glioma pathogenesis and treatment failure. Here, we report on gross, aberrant constitutive activation of DNA damage signalling in low- and high-grade human gliomas, and analyze the sources of such endogenous genotoxic stress. Based on analyses of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines, normal astrocytes and clinical specimens from grade II astrocytomas (n=41) and grade IV GBM (n=60), we conclude that the DDR machinery is constitutively activated in gliomas, as documented by phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX), activation of the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathway, 53BP1 foci and other markers. Oxidative DNA damage (8-oxoguanine) was high in some GBM cell lines and many GBM tumors, while it was low in normal brain and grade II astrocytomas, despite the degree of DDR activation was higher in grade II tumors. Markers indicative of ongoing DNA replication stress (Chk1 activation, Rad17 phosphorylation, replication protein A foci and single-stranded DNA) were present in GBM cells under high- or low-oxygen culture conditions and in clinical specimens of both low- and high-grade tumors. The observed global checkpoint signaling, in contrast to only focal areas of overabundant p53 (indicative of p53 mutation) in grade II astrocytomas, are consistent with DDR activation being an early event in gliomagenesis, initially limiting cell proliferation (low Ki-67 index) and selecting for mutations of p53 and likely other genes that allow escape (higher Ki-67 index) from the checkpoint and facilitate tumor progression. Overall, these results support the potential role of the DDR machinery as a barrier to gliomagenesis and indicate that replication stress, rather than oxidative stress, fuels the DNA damage signalling in early stages of astrocytoma development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Flash-lamp photonic cleaning has been tested in situ and at the Beryllium Handling Facility (BeHF) at JET. Two adjacent number 4 divertor tiles have been exposed to numerous pulses up to the nominal energy of 500J. Starting the photon-cleaning process with tile G4A and using energies up to 350J did not appear to be efficient for detritiation. Consequently, the untreated tile G4B has been treated at the maximum energy of 500J. Combustion measurements confirmed that the photon-cleaning was partly efficient as about 74% of the initial tritium concentration has been released. The average tritium concentration on the surface of the tile after treatment was 2.45×108 Bq/cm3 which is only four times lower than the initial activity. However, it is remarkable to notice that the bulk activity of the tiles remains constant indicating that during the detritiation treatment there is no tritium diffusing into the bulk of the tile. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]