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The emergence of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in recent years has stimulated the interest of scientists working in this area as one of the most applicable archetypes of three-dimensional structures that can be used as promising materials in several applications including but not limited to (photo-)catalysis, sensing, separation, adsorption, biological and electrochemical efficiencies and so on. Not only do MOFs have their own specific versatile structures, tunable cavities, and remarkably high surface areas, but they also present many alternative procedures to overcome emerging obstacles. Since the discovery of such highly effective materials, they have been employed for multiple uses; additionally, the efforts towards the synthesis of MOFs with specific properties based on planned (template) synthesis have led to the construction of several promising types of MOFs possessing large biological or bioinspired ligands. Specifically, metalloporphyrin-based MOFs have been created where the porphyrin moieties are either incorporated as struts within the framework to form porphyrinic MOFs or encapsulated inside the cavities to construct porphyrin@MOFs which can combine the peerless properties of porphyrins and porous MOFs simultaneously. In this context, the main aim of this review was to highlight their structure, characteristics, and some of their prominent present-day applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystalline product (NH4)2[Zn(C3H7NO)(H2O)5]2[V10O28]⋅4H2O was successfully isolated from an H2O/DMF solvent combination by evaporation at ambient temperature. The salt crystallizes in the P21/n space group. Imidazole, initially used in the synthesis but not present in the product, and DMF solvent appear to affect the synthesis and crystallization as structural-directing agents. In the title compound, the complex cation [Zn(H2O)5(DMF)]2+ acts as a counter-ion without being directly coordinated to the decavanadate anion. An extensive framework of hydrogen bonds integrates the whole architecture as evidenced by X-ray crystallography. The polyoxometalate [V10O28]6- lies on a center of symmetry while the complex cation [Zn(H2O)5(DMF)]2+ links three adjacent anions through a set of 2 + 2 + 3 hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate a yaw control strategy in a two-turbine wind farm with 3.5 MW turbines, aiming to optimize power management. The wind farm is equipped with a nacelle-mounted multi-plane LiDAR system for wind speed measurements. Using an analytical model and integrating LiDAR and SCADA data, we estimate wake effects and power output. Our results show a 2% power gain achieved through optimal yaw control over a year-long assessment. The wind predominantly blows from the southwest, perpendicular to the turbine alignment. The optimal yaw and power gain depend on wind conditions, with higher turbulence intensity and wind speed leading to reduced gains. The power gain follows a bell curve across the range of wind inflow angles, peaking at 1.7% with a corresponding optimal yaw of 17 degrees at an inflow angle of 12 degrees. Further experiments are recommended to refine the estimates and enhance the performance of wind farms through optimized yaw control strategies, ultimately contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and development of porphyrinic POM-based MOFs (POMMOFs) represents an advanced approach to building materials that seamlessly integrate the collective strengths of POMs, porphyrins, and MOFs into a single framework. POMMOFs thus showcase their ability to combine predictable redox chemistry and biomimetic functions with the exceptional porosity of the resulting matrix. This review outlines the synthesis techniques and diverse catalytic applications of these materials, paving the path for further exploration and advancement of POMMOFs. [Display omitted] • This article demonstrates the incorporation of POMs, either encapsulated within the cavity or embedded within the structural framework of porphyrinic MOFs. • The possibility of integration of multiple metalloporphyrin linkers within POM-based MOFs is highlighted. • A detailed discussion of the innovative synthetic approaches utilized in crafting POM-based porphyrinic MOFs, along with their various applications in heterogeneous catalysis, is provided. • Despite being fabricated infrequently up to now, the impact of existing POMMOFs on shaping the future design of such materials is highlighted. The ever-increasing appearance of inorganic–organic hybrid materials incorporating organic metalloporphyrins (MPs) and inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs) – separately, two groups of effective molecular catalysts – which combine to form the ground-breaking class of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), has allowed this class to participate in numerous kinds of chemical reactions and mimic the activity of heterogeneous bio-, photo- and electrocatalysts. Recent results have shown that the integration of POMs and MPs in a porous structure not only maintains the characteristic functionalities of both components, but can also generate novel and unparalleled features including augmented stabilities, remarkable selectivity, improvable porosity, and novel and more favorable topologies. Furthermore, the immobilization of these component species (POMs and MPs) within a unified framework can prevent their catalytic deactivation, which mostly arises from suicidal self-oxidation of porphyrin moieties. It has also been established that the introduction of POMs – owing to their broad range of size, structure, and highly negative charge distribution throughout the cluster – can further expand their structural diversity and greatly influence the stability and catalytic performance of porous porphyrinic MOFs. What is more, the incorporation of POMs inside the pores or their use as secondary building units (SBUs) within the framework can give rise to an increase in their original reusability, perpetuity, and adsorption ability. Moreover, their incorporation can also boost the transfer of electrons (e.g., photoexcited charge carriers) through the network. Therefore, POM-based porphyrinic MOFs (porphyrinic POMMOFs) are materials that can simultaneously take advantage of the combined uniqueness of the individual traits of POMs, porphyrins and MOFs, which display rich redox photochemistry, biomimetic ability, and porosity, respectively. This review aims to represent the latest progress in porous porphyrinic POMMOFs, encompassing their categorization, fabrication and exploitation in the catalysis field. To the best of our knowledge, hitherto no specific attempt has been made to cover this topic, and our review would be the first systematic scrutiny of these porous materials. Last but not least, the POMs that have been templated to synthesize porphyrinic POMMOFs are still mostly limited to a few types of POMs. Moreover, the porphyrin linkers which were used to create such MOFs have also been confined to only a few kinds. Thus, we suggest that other POMs ((iso-) heteropolyoxometalates) and porphyrin-based linkers could be explored, with an eye to creating new state-of-the-art porphyrinic POMMOFs. In the short term, it is anticipated that this review will encourage scientists to substantially extend the frontiers of knowledge about these systems, not only in the area of catalysis, but also in such versatile and underexplored domains as magnetism, gas sorption, sensing, biomedicine, and electrochemical and photocatalytic utilizations. For these reasons, we strongly believe that this comprehensive review will not only provide a better overview of the subject, but also open up promising directions of research and stimulate scientific interest and enthusiastic curiosity. It will also pave the way to generating important new ideas for the future of the synthesis and applications of these invaluable types of MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first representation of novel sodalite zeolitic imidazolate framework-7 (ZIF-7) which has been made in ethanolic solution at room temperature via an ammonia atmosphere. High thermal stability up to 400 °C is representative of great persistence which has been proved by XRD and TG data. Chemical durability of the as-made ZIF-7 especially at boiled DMF exhibited by XRD patterns can present it as an interesting material without structural alteration after treatment in such harsh condition. Reversible phase transformation of ZIF-7 was totally checked by immersing in ethanol and DMF indicated that the framework can maintain its structural flexibility under heat and solvent treatment. Moreover, the “gate-opening” phenomenon performed by CO 2 adsorption–desorption reveals structural breathing effect of ZIF-7 framework that makes it as potential material in CO 2 adsorption/separation. In the end, the sacrificial metal-doped (Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ and Ag + ) ZIF-7 precursors were applied for preparation of their corresponded metal-doped ZnO as the heterogeneous catalyst to degrade Rhodamine-B (RhB) dye in water under UV-irradiation (up to 99% within 90 min by 0.5% Ag-ZnO (S15)). The recyclability experiment after 5 runs for the optimized catalyst demonstrated that the metal-doped ZnO can be operated consecutively without remarkable decreasing in its activity. These observations exhibit the excellent and beneficial properties of metal-doped ZnO can be as heterogeneous photocatalyst for the removal of organic contaminants in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, room temperature synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-9 (ZIF-9) nanocrystals is reported for the first time at ammonia atmosphere in the absence of any organic additive. High thermal stability of the as-fabricated ZIF-9 up to 300 °C is illustrated by TG and XRD data. Also, the chemical resistance of product to harsh and severe solvothermal conditions introduces it to be an objective as potential material in many applications. Besides, the modest microporosity of the as-obtained ZIF-9 materials attracts more attentions for further investigation compared to those fabricated in organic solvents. By and large, the represented low-cost and room temperature synthetic method can be applicable in the large scale preparation of ZIF-9 for potentially practical utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of five decavanadates (V 10) using a simple, one-pot synthesis, adhering to the model template: transition metal ion – decavanadate – ligands :(H nicotinamide) 2 {[Co(H 2 O) 3 (nicotinamide) 2 ] 2 [ μ -V 10 O 28 ]}.6H 2 O (1) , {[Co(H 2 O) 4 (isonicotinamide) 2 ] 3 }V 10 O 28 ·4H 2 O (2) , {[Co(H 2 O) 4 ] 2 [Co(H 2 O) 2 (μ - pyrazinamide) 2 ][ μ -V 10 O 28 ]}·4H 2 O (3) {[Co(H 2 O) 4 (μ - pyrazinamide)] 3.V 10 O 28 }·4H 2 O (4) , and (NH 4) 2 {[Ni(H 2 O) 4 (2 -hydroxyethylpyridine)] 2 }V 10 O 28 ·2H 2 O (5) was synthesized. X-ray analysis reveals that 1 and 3 are decavanadato complexes, while 2 , 4 and 5 are decavanadate complex salts. Moreover, 3 is the first example of a polymeric decavanadato complex, employing direct coordination with the metal center and the organic ligand, in toto. From the solution studies using 51V NMR spectroscopy, it was decoded that 1 and 3 stay stable in the model buffer solution and aqueous media. Binding to model proteins, cytotoxicity and water oxidation catalysis (WOC) was studied primarily for 1 and 3 and concluded that neither 1 nor 3 have an interaction with the model proteins thaumatin, lysozyme and proteinase K, because of the presence of the organic ligands in the Co(II) center, any further interplay with the proteins was blocked. Cytotoxicity studies reveal that 1 is 40% less toxic (0.05 m M) and 26% less toxic (0.1 m M) than the uncoordinated V 10 with human cell lines A549 and HeLa respectively. In WOC, 1 performed superior activity, by evolving 143.37 nmol of O 2 which is 700% (9-fold) increase than the uncoordinated V 10. SYNOPSIS Coordination of decavanadate anion to cobalt(II) complex cations with organic ligands enhanced its stability in solutions allowing in-depth study of synthesis conditions, water oxidation catalysis reaction, cytotoxicity and protein binding. [Display omitted] • Five new decavanadates with transition metal complex cations were prepared. • The coordination of decavanadate to cobalt(II) stabilizes it in solution. • Free decavanadate is more toxic than a coordinated for HeLa and A549 cell lines. • Coordination by cobalt(II) center with isonicotinamide ligand increases WOC activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind turbine aerodynamic interactions within wind farms lead to significant energy losses. Optimizing the flow between turbines presents a promising solution to mitigate these losses. While analytical models offer a fundamental approach to understanding aerodynamic interactions, further development and refinement of these models are imperative. We propose a simplified analytical model that combines the Gaussian wake model and the cylindrical vortex induction model to evaluate the interaction between wake and induction zones in 3.5 MW wind turbines with 328 m spacing. The model's validation is conducted using field data from a nacelle-mounted LiDAR system on the downstream turbine. The 'Direction to Hub' parameter facilitates a comparison between the model predictions and LiDAR measurements at distances ranging from 50 m to 300 m along the rotor axis. Overall, the results exhibit reasonable agreement in flow trends, albeit with discrepancies of up to 15° in predicting peak interactions. These deviations are attributed to the single-hat Gaussian shape of the wake model and the absence of wake expansion consideration, which can be revisited to improve model fidelity. The 'Direction to Hub' parameter proves valuable for model validation and LiDAR calibration, enabling a detailed flow analysis between turbines. This analytical modeling approach holds promise for enhancing wind farm efficiency by advancing our understanding of turbine interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The relative aromaticity of the hetero-atom containing benzenes (groups IIIA to VIA) was investigated using the magnetic and energetic criteria of aromaticity. Topological properties of electron density at the Ring Critical Points (RCP) were also studied and the advantages of using these points for evaluation of the NICS index of aromaticity were shown in comparison with the classical criteria. Although, in each group of Periodic Table RCP characteristics are almost in accordance with classical aromaticity criteria, i.e. magnetic and energetic indices of the aromaticity, in general, the relationship between the topological properties of the RCP and the magnetic and energetic indices fails. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Shear wave velocity is considered as one of the most important rock physical parameters which can be measured by dipole sonic imager (DSI) tool. This parameter is applied to evaluate porosity and permeability, rock mechanical parameters, lithology, fracture assessment, etc. On the other hand, this data is not available in all wells and hence, an accurate and reliable estimation of this parameter with the least uncertainty is of great importance in reservoir characterization. In this study, regression, multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) methods are utilized to estimate the shear wave velocity using well log data. Also, the reported empirical correlations in the literature are also investigated in the studied field. The input data include depth, effective porosity, V p , gamma ray logs (natural and spectral), neutron log, density log and caliper log from the Bangestan Group Formation in one of the fields in southwestern Iran. In this study, all the expressed methods are compared based on the best coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), average absolute relative error (AARE), and average relative error (ARE). Among the used methods, MGGP was developed for using the useful features of this method including sensitivity analysis and correlation. Sensitivity analysis is performed on the input data using the MLP-ANN and MGGP method. Also, a correlation is suggested based on the MGGP method which is able to predict the shear wave velocity using the mentioned input parameters. The results show that the MLP-ANN method is more accurate, reliable and efficient compared to other methods studied in this paper. R2 for the train, validation, and test phase are 0.9973, 0.9901 and 0.9898, respectively. The results of sensitivity analysis imply that compressional wave velocity has the highest impact on the shear wave velocity. Finally, Young Dynamic Modulus and Poisson Dynamic Ratio are computed using both real and predicted shear wave velocities. The results indicate that these two parameters can be calculated with high accuracy using predicted shear wave velocity. • Five methods are implemented for predicting shear wave velocity (V s) using petrophysical logs. • ANN can predict the V s with high accuracy (R2 Test = 0.9898). • A sensitivity analysis performed on the significance of input variables on the V s using the results of MGGP. • A correlation is introduced for forecasting the V s. • Investigate the effects of V s prediction by ANN on the geomechanical modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Favorably, microporous nano-scale ZIFs has been fabricated tremendously via exposure to ammonia atmosphere method at ambient temperature. • Unambiguously, Instantaneous catalytic detoxification of the organophosphate (Diazinon) was confirmed by 31P NMR within 4 min. • Ultra-fast catalytic hydrolysis reaction, aperture and pore size of ZIFs compared with Diazinon definitely illustrating the process occurred on the ZIF exterior. • Utilization of optimized ZIF-8 demonstrated by XRD and conversion diagram certainly affirming its extraordinarily fantastic perseverance and relatively high performance after several incessant catalysis reactions, respectively. Detrimental and injurious impacts of Organophosphates that have had on environment, humans, organisms and the other animals or plants have not been surreptitious to anyone worldwide. Nevertheless, up to now, among many efforts that have been devoted to detoxification of Organophosphates (OPs), catalytic detoxification has been the most applicable, cost-effective, efficacious and safest way to break down these dangerous materials. Herein, the utilization of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), for the first time, has been reported to deactivate Diazinon as an organophosphate agent demonstrated at room temperature. In the following research, the catalysts were analyzed by PXRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, BET, CO 2 adsorption/desorption and TG. The decontamination processes were followed by 31P NMR, HPLC, and UV–vis to evaluate catalytic efficiency. Interestingly, supreme reusability, durability and potentially stunning catalytic activity represent them as alternate materials for their amazing elimination of OPs compared to the other MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exe separation using SPE/HF-LPME in combination with HPLC/UV detection method. The Exe anticancer drug, is extracted from real solutions using the SPE process (matrix simplification), and then used as a donor phase (with the help of ultrasonic waves), for three-phase HF-LPME process. Finally, using an HPLC/UV system, the extracted Exe medication is detected. [Display omitted] • New dendritic nano adsorbent via various functionalities was synthesized. • The sorbent was used for solid-phase extraction of exemestane. • The optimal conditions were obtained through the Box-Behnken design. • Three-phase hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction was used for the second preconcentration step. • The proposed method showed good results for trace separation of exemestane in pharmaceutical and biological samples. It is now well accepted that the quantification of anticancer drugs in biological fluids is very important. For the first time, novel hyperbranched dendrimers grafted on SiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized as nanosorbents for trace extraction of exemestane. SiO 2 nanoparticles modified by (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane were grafted with melamine/glutaraldehyde dendrimers (four generations) and characterized via FT-IR, FE-SEM equipped with EDS. First, to reduce the effects of the matrix, the synthesized nano-adsorbent has been used for solid phase extraction of exemestane in aqueous solution, and the parameters affecting the adsorption efficiency including pH, contact time and temperature, have been optimized by Box–Behnken design. In the next step, the loaded drug was ultrasonically desorbed and used as a donor phase in the HF-LPME system in order to preconcentrate and reduce the detection limit of the method. The type of extraction solvent and the amount of pH, time, temperature and ionic strength are optimized in the HF-LPME stage. A detection limit of 0.1 μg L−1 with a linear range of 0.3–300 μg L−1 was obtained. The adsorption isotherm results fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.9966). The proposed method along with high-performance liquid chromatography was successfully used to determine exemestane in biological and pharmaceutical samples with a recovery of 92.5–97.7 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]