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In South Korea, the Community Youth Safety-Net (CYS-Net) provides a comprehensive network for preventing and combating issues of at-risk adolescents through counseling. To measure the CYS-Net counseling outcomes reliably, the Korean Youth Counseling Outcome Scale (KYCOS) was developed. In this study, we reviewed and summarized related research conducted in the last few years, from the development of the KYCOS in 2007 to its implementation within the CYS-Net system. Specifically, this study first investigated other outcome questionnaires that had similar developmental contexts and needs. Then, the characteristics and technical adequacy of the KYCOS were described. The KYCOS was found to fit the Korean context effectively and to be reliable and valid. The KYCOS allows the objective presentation of youth counseling outcomes and increases the level of accountability among counseling professionals. The resulting quality improvement of youth counseling services will ultimately promote greater utilization of services and facilitate related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction between [CdBr2·4H2O] and anhydrous [ZnCl2] with N,N'-bidentate N-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)- cyclopentanamine (impy) in ethanol yields dimeric [(impy)Cd(µ-Br)Br]2 and monomeric [(impy)ZnCl2] complexes, respectively. The X-ray crystal structure of Cd(II) and Zn(II) complexes revealed that the cadmium atom in [(impy)Cd(µ-Br)Br]2 and zinc in [(impy)ZnCl2] formed a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal and tetrahedral geometry, respectively. Both complexes showed moderate catalytic activity for the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) syndiotacticity of about 0.70. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Podocyte apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia is considered a critical factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies have implicated Notch signaling in podocyte apoptosis; however, its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we found that high-glucose treatment increased Notch1 and Jagged-1 expression, the transcriptional activity of Hes, and podocyte apoptosis, and decreased the expression of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) in rat podocytes. Transient transfection of CARM1 reversed high-glucose-induced Notch1 expression, the transcriptional activity of Hes, and podocyte apoptosis. Moreover, the silencing of CARM1 using siRNA increased Notch1 expression, the transcriptional activity of Hes, and podocyte apoptosis. However, the Glu 266 -mediated enzymatic activity of CARM1 was not necessary for Notch signaling activation and podocyte apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKa) and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB 1 R) are regulated by CARM1 and that high-glucose-induced podocyte apoptosis is mediated by a CARM1-AMPKa-Notch1-CB 1 R signaling axis. We also show that high-glucose-induced CARM1 downregulation is due to ubiquitination-dependent CARM1 degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that CARM1 expression in podocytes was diminished in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes compared to vehicle-treated rats. Together, our data provide evidence that ubiquitination-dependent CARM1 degradation in podocytes in diabetes promotes podocyte apoptosis via Notch1 activation. Strategies to preserve CARM1 expression or reduce the enzymatic activity of a ubiquitin ligase specific for CARM1 could be used to prevent podocyte loss in diabetic nephropathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of [Pd(CH[sub 3]CN)[sub 2]Cl[sub 2]] with N'-substituted N,N-di(2-picolyl)amine-based ancillary ligands, for example N,N-di (2-picolyl)cyclohexylmethylamine (L1), N,N-di(2-picolyl)benzylamine (L2), N,N-di(2-picolyl)aniline (L3), and 1,4-bis [bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]benzene (L4), in the presence of NaClO[sub 4] in ethanol yields a new series of [(NN'N) PdCl]X (X = ClO[sub 4], Cl) complexes, i.e. mononuclear [LnPdCl]ClO[sub 4] (Ln = L1, L2, L3) and binuclear [L[sub 4]Pd[sub 2]Cl[sub 2]]Cl[sub 2]. X-Ray crystallographic analysis determined that the Pd atom in complexes [(NN N)PdCl]X showed a slightly distorted square-planar geometry involving three nitrogen atoms and a chlorido ligand. Moreover, the unit cell included a ClO[sub 4][sup -] or Cl[sup -] anion as the counterion. The complex [L[sub 1]PdCl]ClO[sub 4] showed the highest catalytic activity for the polymerisation of methyl methacrylate in the presence of modified methylaluminoxane at 60°C among the mononuclear Pd[sup II] complexes. Specifically, the activity of binuclear [L[sub 4]Pd[sub 2]Cl[sub 2]]Cl[sub 2] was 2-fold higher than the corresponding mononuclear [L[sub 2]PdCl] ClO[sub 4] per active palladium metal centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]