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The article discusses prevalence of facial fractures in the geriatric population which has risen in the U.S.. Topics include motor vehicle collisions which have been indicated causes of facial fracture in the geriatric population; mentions include investigation to characterize the association between facial fractures and intracranial hemorrhages; and determine the frequency of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the elderly population at institution over the time period.

Despite early reports of high failure rates in knee ligament repair techniques resulting in favor of reconstruction, newer advances in surgical technology have shifted the attention back to repair with the addition of various tissue augmentation techniques. Ligament repair preserves proprioceptors in the native ligament and avoids autograft tendon harvest, minimizing the complications associated with donor site ruptures in reconstruction techniques. Tissue augmentation has been successfully used in knee ligamentous and tendon repair procedures, as well as in some upper extremity procedures. This study provides a clinical update on the surgical techniques, biomechanics, and outcomes with the application of various tissue augmentation techniques in the ligaments surrounding the knee joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on patterns of Le Fort Fractures in the Pediatric population in which Le Fort fractures are severe, complex fractures of the midface that typically occur because of high-impact or high-velocity trauma. It mentions Le Fort fractures in the pediatric population, associated with fracture sites, concomitant injuries, and risk factors.

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) can be idiopathic or develop secondary to structural joint abnormalities of the hip joint (alteration of normal anatomy) and/or due to a systemic condition with joint involvement. Early osteoarthritic changes to the hip can be completely asymptomatic or may cause the development hip symptomatology without evidence of OA on radiographs. Delaying the progression of hip OA is critical due to the significant impact of this condition on the patient's quality of life. Pre-OA of the hip is a newly established term that is often described as the development of signs and symptoms of degenerative hip disease but no radiographic evidence of OA. Advanced imaging methods can help to diagnose pre-OA of the hip in patients with hip pain and normal radiographs or aid in the surveillance of asymptomatic patients with an underlying hip diagnosis that is known to increase the risk of early OA of the hip. These methods include the delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cartilage (dGEMRIC), quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI- T1rho, T2, and T2* relaxation time mapping), 7-Tesla MRI, computed tomography (CT), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). dGEMRIC proved to be a reliable and accurate modality though it is limited by the significant time necessary for contrast washout between scans. This disadvantage is potentially overcome by T2 weighted MRIs, which do not require contrast. 7-Tesla MRI is a promising development for enhanced imaging resolution compared to 1.5 and 3T MRIs. This technique does require additional optimization and development prior to widespread clinical use. The purpose of this review was to summarize the results of translational and clinical studies investigating the utilization of the above-mentioned imaging modalities to diagnose hip pre-OA, with special focus on recent research evaluating their implementation into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft‐tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents and accounts for 3% of all pediatric tumors. Subtypes include alveolar, spindle cell, embryonal, mixed‐type, pleomorphic, and rhabdomyosarcoma with ganglionic differentiation. The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for patients diagnosed with any type of rhabdomyosarcoma between 1973 and 2014. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and incidence were studied with χ2 analysis. Survival was modeled with Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effect of age and gender on survival. Pleomorphic subtype had higher grade and larger sized tumors compared to other subtypes (p < 0.05). Pleomorphic and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma had the worst overall survival with a 26.6% and 28.9% 5‐year survival, respectively. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma had the highest 5‐year survival rate (73.9%). Tumor size was negatively correlated with survival months, indicating patients with larger tumors had shorter survival times (p < 0.05). Presence of higher‐grade tumors and metastatic disease at presentation were negatively correlated with survival months (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the survival were found between gender or race between all of the subtypes (p > 0.05). This study highlights key differences in the demographic and survival rates of the different types of rhabdomyosarcoma that can be used for more tailored patient counseling. We also demonstrate that large, population‐level databases provide sufficient data that can be used in the analysis of rare tumors. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2226–2230, 2019 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an absence of literature regarding nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) facial fractures. Although NOE fractures are uncommon, there are a significant number in the pediatric population. These fractures also often occur in conjunction with other facial fractures because the NOE region adjoins the nose, orbit, maxilla, and cranium. They can also be a harbinger for more serious concerns such as traumatic brain injury and intracranial hemorrhage. For this reason, NOE fractures can be highly complicated and a challenge to manage. We aim to define the etiologies and patterns of NOE fractures to guide hospital and surgical management strategies. From 2001 to 2014, 15 pediatric patients were identified as having sustained an NOE fracture. Four (26.7%) of the patients were female and 11 (68.8%) were male. Average age was 11.40. The most common etiologies recorded were motor vehicle accident (n = 8), pedestrian struck (n = 3), and assault (n = 2). Orbital fracture (n = 13), nasal fracture (n = 13), and frontal sinus fracture (n = 10) were the most commonly associated facial fractures sustained alongside NOE fracture. Several patients sustained traumatic brain injury (n = 11) and loss of consciousness (n = 13). The mean Glasgow Coma Score was 10.5. In addition, eight required intubation and five required a surgical airway. Thirteen of the patients were admitted to the ICU and eight required surgical management for their fractures. Titanium plates were most commonly used (n = 4) for surgical management. Alternatively, resorbable implants were used for two patients. The remaining two were treated with closed reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]