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This document discusses the barriers to accessing fertility preservation in adolescents with Hodgkin lymphoma in India. The study found that only a small percentage of patients were offered fertility preservation, with affordability and accessibility being the main barriers in public and trust hospitals. In private hospitals, cultural acceptance and concerns about time involved were the main barriers. The study highlights the need for increased awareness and access to fertility preservation services in India, as well as the importance of counseling patients and their families about the potential impact of cancer treatment on fertility. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Vaginal vault prolapse is one of the distressing conditions which occur after hysterectomy. This is due to the weakness or detachment of sacrouterine cardinal ligament complex from the vaginal cuff. Till now, the most accepted procedure for this condition is sacrocolpopexy. Materials and Methods: We present a cohort of patients who underwent abdominal sacrocolpopexy (ASC) from April 2009 to August 2013. These patients were followed till April 2014 and were evaluated for subjective and objective outcomes following ASC. Results: One patient had intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative hematoma formation. One patient had vault abscess which was managed conservatively. Hundred percent success rate was noted at 1 year. Long-term patient satisfaction score was 85 (70-90). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the most prevalent issues surrounding long-term spaceflight, the sustainability of human life and the maintenance of homeostasis in an extreme environment are of utmost concern. It has been observed that the human immune system is dysregulated in space as a result of gravitational unloading at the cellular level, leading to potential complications in astronaut health. A plethora of studies demonstrate intracellular changes that occur due to microgravity; however, these ultimately fall short of identifying the underlying mechanisms and dysfunctions that cause such changes. This comprehensive review covers the changes in human adaptive immunity due to microgravity. Specifically, there is a focus on uncovering the gravisensitive steps in T cell signaling pathways. Changes in gravitational force may lead to interrupted immune signaling cascades at specific junctions, particularly membrane and surface receptor-proximal molecules. Holistically studying the interplay of signaling with morphological changes in cytoskeleton and other cell components may yield answers to what in the T cell specifically experiences the consequences of microgravity. Fully understanding the nature of this problem is essential in order to develop proper countermeasures before long-term space flight is conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent global incidences and mortality rates have placed colorectal cancer (CRC) at third and second positions, respectively, among both sexes of all ages. Resistance during chemotherapy is a big problem in the treatment and disease-free survival of CRC patients. Discovery of new anticancer drug(s) is a time taking process and therefore, invites studies for repurposing the known therapeutics. The present study was conceived to analyze the anticancer role of Imatinib in experimental CRC at early stages. Different experimental procedures e.g. tumor incidences or histoarchitectural changes, gene and protein expression analysis, estimations of intracellular calcium, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptotic index and molecular docking was performed to support the hypothesis. It was observed that Imatinib could function as an immunomodulator by breaking the feed-back loop between the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) and transcription factors (NF-κB, Jak3/Stat3) knowingly involved in increased cell proliferation during tumorigenesis via activating different intracellular signaling. Also, Imatinib could independently deregulate the other cell survival and proliferation signaling e.g. PI3-K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK. Proinflammatory cytokines orchestrated intracellular signaling also involve angiogenic factors to be upregulated during CRC which were also seemed to be independently suppressed by Imatinib. Restoration of physiological apoptosis by increasing the release of intracellular calcium to generate ROS thereby reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential for the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 was also reported with Imatinib administration. Thus, it may be suggested that Imatinib show synergistic pleiotropy in suppressing the interlinked tumorigenic signaling pathways independently. Unlabelled Image • Imatinib prevented colorectal cancer occurrence during chemical carcinogenesis. • Imatinib showed no toxic effects in histoarchitecture of colons in healthy animals. • Imatinib modulated intratumoral inflammatory environment to prevent tumorigenesis. • Imatinib inhibited cell survival and angiogenic signaling to prevent tumor growth. • Imatinib showed synergistic pleiotropy in the prevention of colorectal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal failure and uremic encephalopathy are rare findings in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Thrombocytopenia is also an unusual manifestation of P. vivax malaria. This report highlights the occurrence of these rare manifestations in an 8-year-old boy who presented to us with fever, rash and progressive deterioration of renal functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Puerperal genital haematomas although an uncommon entity but is elusive. This painful condition is not only distressing and dangerous to patient but is embarrassing to the obstetrician who has conducted the delivery. Aim: This study has been planned to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for puerperal genital haematomas. Materials and Methods: A case control study was done from August 2005 to August 2015, of all puerperal genital haematomas. All patients, who had undergone drainage for the puerperal genital haematoma, were enrolled as cases. Two controls were chosen for each case, who had delivered immediately after the case. All the patients were evaluated for the characteristics of haematoma and the management of the same. Cases and controls were compared for the evaluation of risk factors for puerperal genital haematoma. Results: During the study period 27,826 vaginal deliveries were performed in our institute. Thirty nine haematomas were drained during this period. Incidence of haematomas was one in 1,113 deliveries, in our institute. Among the puerperal haematomas, vulvovaginal was the most common type. Perineal pain is the most common complaint. To evaluate the risk factors, 77 controls were enrolled. Primigravida, hypertensive disease of pregnancy and coagulopathy were the significant risk factors with p-value of <0.01, 0.01 and 0.03 respectively. Episiotomy too was a risk factor with a p-value of 0.002. Conclusion: Primigravida, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, coagulopathy and episiotomy are still the most common risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pain and depression are associated, but it is uncertain if effective pain relief during labor by labor analgesia reduces the incidence of postpartum depression (PPD). This randomized, controlled study assessed whether combined spinal-epidural (CSE) labor analgesia is associated with a decreased risk of PPD. Other reported risk factors for PPD were also assessed. Materials and Methods: Parturients were randomly assigned to either CSE labor analgesia or normal vaginal delivery (n = 65 each). CSE parturients received 0.5 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally and PCEA with continuous infusion of 0.1% levobupivacaine and 2 µg/ml fentanyl @5 ml/h along with patient-controlled boluses with a lockout interval of 15 min. Parturients of both the groups were assessed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for depressive symptoms at day 3 and PPD at 6 weeks (primary outcome; defined as EPDS score ≥10 at 6 weeks postpartum). Secondary outcomes included pain scores, maternal satisfaction, and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min. Parturients were also screened for several risk factors for PPD. Results: Incidence of PPD was 22.3%. The difference in incidence of PPD between the CSE group vs. control group was not significant (27.7% vs. 16.9%; Fisher's exact P = 0.103). Of all the risk factors analyzed in logistic regression model, perceived stress during pregnancy was the only significant predictor of the development of PPD (adjusted Odds Ratio 11.17, 95% Confidence interval 2.86043.55; P = 0.001). Conclusion: CSE analgesia in laboring parturients does not reduce PPD at 6 weeks. Instead, perceived high stress during pregnancy appears to be the most important factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]