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Ecological interactions among benthic communities are crucial for shaping marine ecosystems. Understanding these interactions is essential for predicting how ecosystems will respond to environmental changes, invasive species, and conservation management. However, determining the prevalence of species interactions at the community scale is challenging. To overcome this challenge, we employ tools from social network analysis, specifically exponential random graph modelling (ERGM). Our approach explores the relationships among animal and plant organisms within their neighbourhoods. Inspired by companion planting in agriculture, we use spatiotemporal co-occurrence as a measure of mixed species interaction. In other words, the variety of community interactions based on co-occurrence defines what we call 'co-occurrence social diversity'. Our objective is to use ERGM to quantify the proportion of interactions at both the simple paired level and the more complex triangle level, enabling us to measure and compare co-occurrence social diversity. Applying our approach to the Spanish coastal zone across eight sites, five depths, and sunlit/shaded aspects, we discover that 80% of sessile communities, consisting of over a hundred species, exhibit co-occurrence social diversity, with 5% of species consistently forming associations with other species. These organism-level interactions probably have a significant impact on the overall character of the site. This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological interactions among benthic communities are crucial for shaping marine ecosystems. Understanding these interactions is essential for predicting how ecosystems will respond to environmental changes, invasive species, and conservation management. However, determining the prevalence of species interactions at the community scale is challenging. To overcome this challenge, we employ tools from social network analysis, specifically exponential random graph modelling (ERGM). Our approach explores the relationships among animal and plant organisms within their neighbourhoods. Inspired by companion planting in agriculture, we use spatiotemporal co-occurrence as a measure of mixed species interaction. In other words, the variety of community interactions based on co-occurrence defines what we call 'co-occurrence social diversity'. Our objective is to use ERGM to quantify the proportion of interactions at both the simple paired level and the more complex triangle level, enabling us to measure and compare co-occurrence social diversity. Applying our approach to the Spanish coastal zone across eight sites, five depths, and sunlit/shaded aspects, we discover that 80% of sessile communities, consisting of over a hundred species, exhibit co-occurrence social diversity, with 5% of species consistently forming associations with other species. These organism-level interactions probably have a significant impact on the overall character of the site. This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular malformations represent a heterogeneous spectrum of lesions that often present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, thus requiring a high index of clinical suspicion to reach a definitive diagnosis. Cloves syndrome is a rare overgrowth disorder of genetic etiology associated with a somatic activating mutation in PIK3CA, which is part of the PI3KAkt-mTOR intracellular signaling pathway. Clinically, it is characterized by congenital lipomatous overgrowth of any part of the body (mainly the thorax), accompanied by vascular and lymphatic malformations, epidermal nevi and structural abnormalities of the skeletal system such as scoliosis and alterations in the spine. The current therapeutic cornerstone for this syndrome is therapy with rapamycin, an mTOR pathway inhibitor. On the other hand, Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a complex vascular condition associated with overgrowth due to somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene, along with chromosomal translocations and alterations in the VG5Q vascular gene. It is clinically characterized by a classic triad consisting of hemihypertrophy of the soft tissues and bones of an extremity, cutaneous hemangiomas, and varicose veins in anatomically abnormal positions. The main distinguishing characteristics of this syndrome are the presence of slow-type vascular anomalies without significant arteriovenous fistulas compared to Cloves syndrome. In both cases, the presence of overlapping clinical characteristics related to overgrowth syndromes with alterations in the PIK3CA gene highlights the challenge of an accurate diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine a measure capable of detecting changes in volatility in emerging markets in Latin America, specifically in Brazil. For this, a futures contract on an index is used, where price dispersion is used as a proxy for the future implied volatility of the underlying asset. For the Brazilian market, the Bovespa index was used. As results, it is shown that there is a negative correlation with a significance of 82% between the implied volatility of the market and the Bovespa index, indicating that volatility is relevant to explain the changes in the Brazilian market price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Die Förderung und Durchsetzung der Geschlechtergerechtigkeit wird in Kolumbien vor allem von zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen vorangetrieben. Diese haben sich in den letzten Jahren zunehmend vernetzt und artikuliert. Trotz inklusiver Dialogforen bleiben sie strukturell von nationalen Entscheidungsprozessen ausgeschlossen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic adsorption of NO on activated carbon materials provides an appropriated alternative for the control of low-concentration emissions of this air pollutant. The surface complexes formed upon NO adsorption at 30 °C were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The effects of the addition of O2and the presence of copper as a catalyst were studied. Copper assisted the oxygen transfer to the carbon matrix. For the Cu-impregnated carbon sample, the presence of O2favored NO adsorption by increasing the breakthrough time, the adsorption capacity, and the formation of nitrogen and oxygen complexes of higher thermal stabilities, which mainly desorbed as NO and CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, Colombia decriminalized abortion, making it ostensibly a site of progressive abortion politics. Within hours, however, the ruling was met with intense, high-level backlash that positioned abortion as a threat to the Colombian family and gestured to gendered conflict harms past and present. Colombia's legal framework on abortion has emerged largely due to campaigning that unfolded during periods of intense political violence and insecurity, in a setting where conflict and (post-)conflict exist on a continuum. Combined, this points to the significance of (post-)conflict politics to understanding abortion politics, and vice versa, in the Colombian space. Here, we use interview data gathered in 2018 to argue that the two should be understood in tandem—and, indeed, that one cannot be properly understood without the other, shaped as they both are by a militant conservative nationalism inflected by religion, machismo and natalism, and by the material legacies of conflict. Decriminalization should therefore be understood as part of resurgent conservative reproductive governance, and abortion politics itself as an agonistic space of contestation rather than straightforwardly progressive. Beyond Colombia, it is also indicative of the rich insights on gender justice in conflict spaces that can be drawn from analysing abortion politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the long distance behavior of the two-point functions for an interacting scalar O(N) model in de Sitter spacetime. Following our previous work, this behavior is analyzed by analytic continuation of the Euclidean correlators, which are computed by treating the homogeneous zero mode exactly and using a partial resummation of the interactions between the zero and the non-zero modes. We focus on massless fields and present an alternative derivation of our method, which involves a double expansion in 1/N and the coupling constant of the theory. This derivation is simpler than the previous one and can be directly extended for fields with negative squared-mass. We extend our previous results by computing the long wavelength limit of the two-point functions at next-to-leading order in 1/N and at leading order in the coupling constant, which involves a further resummation of Feynman diagrams (needed when the two-point functions are analitically continued). We prove that, after this extra resummation, the two-point functions vanish in the long distance limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the scenario where dark matter (DM) is represented by an ultralight classical scalar field performing coherent periodic oscillations. We point out that such DM perturbs the dynamics of binary systems either through its gravitational field or via direct coupling to ordinary matter. This perturbation gets resonantly amplified if the frequency of DM oscillations is close to a (half-)integer multiple of the orbital frequency of the system and leads to a secular variation of the orbital period. We suggest using binary pulsars as probes of this scenario and estimate their sensitivity. While the current accuracy of observations is not yet sufficient to probe the purely gravitational effect of DM, it already yields constraints on direct coupling that are competitive with other bounds. The sensitivity will increase with the upcoming radio observatories such as the Square Kilometer Array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the implementation and application of methods for cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) analyses in fish samples. The determination of elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Cold Vapor-Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (CVAAS) was carried out using calibration curves, prepared from certified stock standard solutions of the elements. A Certified Reference Material (DOLT-2) has been successfully analyzed with CVAAS method. Sample preparation was performed by microwave-assisted acid digestion using a mixture of HNO 3 , H 2 O 2 concentrated for the determination of Hg and HNO 3 with HClO 4 for Pb and Cd analyses using platinum vessel for the digestion. Limits of detection and quantitation were at least a factor of ten and five below the Residual Maximum Limit, respectively, showing that the CVAAS technique is well suited for quantitation of elemental impurities of mercury. It was obtained a good linearity with a linear regression coefficients higher than 0.99. An acceptable reproducibility, repeatability and trueness were found, in agreement with “Harmonized guide of method validation and estimation of uncertainty calculation applied to determination of inorganic pollutants” that it was studied in the theoretical course of validation organized by the project RLA 5060, for the validation of CVAAS method in Hg analyses of fish samples. Mercury showed the higher values in fish samples analyzed, finding content below the permissible maximum limits established by the World Health Organization (less than 0.5 μg/g fresh wet weight). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]