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White sponge nevus (WSN) is a hereditary mucosal defect that primarily affects the oral mucosa, presenting with asymptomatic velvety, corrugated hyperkeratotic white plaques that do not disappear on stretching the mucosa. In this case report, we present a non-familial case of a WSN occurring in the tongue in a middle-aged female, which was misdiagnosed as verrucous leukoplakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigmented basal cell carcinoma is a rare variant of basal cell carcinoma, with only a limited number of reported cases. Because of its similar clinical presentation, it is often over‐diagnosed as malignant melanoma. Along with case presentation, the clinical, microscopic features, and differential diagnosis are discussed in this case report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiply fragmented fractures of the maxillofacial region are difficult to fix with traditional miniplate osteosynthesis because of the extremely small size of fragments, complex three-dimensional anatomy, thin bone unable to hold screws and multidirectional pull of muscles. We intend to present a technical note on a case series of extremely comminuted midfacial fractures reconstructed with stock Titanium mesh, cut to shape and used to mold the small fragmented segments into the shape of the facial bones. Severe fragmentation of midface leads to facial hollowing, tissue prolapse and asymmetry even after major facial buttresses are fixed and reconstructed. Simple stock Titanium mesh can be used to reconstruct these severe fragmentations of thin bones of the midface as shown in the series and avoid late and unsightly complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multirooted supernumerary tooth is a rare finding, which predisposes to various malocclusion. The present case report depicts the presence of a multirooted supernumerary tooth in the anterior maxilla just adjacent to the midline in a 24‐year‐old patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The present article aims to comprehensively review the existing literature on superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, an antioxidant enzyme, in oral cancer. Method. An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases, including PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Science Direct, and Cross Reference, spanning 1998–2023. At the outset, 1,177 articles were initially identified, and 907 studies were excluded due to irrelevance or duplication of the research question. Subsequently, 270 articles underwent screening evaluation, resulting in the selection of 85 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Following this, 68 articles underwent a full-text comprehensive assessment, and ultimately, 39 were chosen for data extraction. The risk of bias in the designated articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Finally, 13 studies were meticulously selected, offering consistent data for the ensuing meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was executed using comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) version 3 software (Bio Stat Inc., Englewood, NJ, USA). The meta-analysis findings revealed a statistically significant decrease in SOD levels in both erythrocyte samples (P < 0.001) and tissue samples (P < 0.05) among individuals with oral cancer (OSCC) compared to the normal control group. Conversely, the analysis of three studies on salivary samples demonstrated a significant increase (P < 0.05) in SOD levels in the oral cancer group compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion. This systematic review underscores a statistically significant decline in SOD levels observed across diverse bio-samples in individuals with oral cancer, indicating an excess of oxidative stress (OS). Additional research is needed to delve into the relationship between SOD levels and clinic–pathological prognostic markers within the oral cancer cohort. Such investigations have the potential to significantly contribute to the development of prognostic tools grounded in OS, thereby guiding strategies for treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erythema multiforme is an acute inflammatory mucocutaneous disease manifested as macules, vesicles, bullae, erosion, and papular lesions. In the present case, a 55-year-old female patient reported painful growth in the oral cavity and difficulty in mastication. The patient gave a history of prodromal symptoms before the onset of lesions On intra-oral examination, elevated plaque-like lesions were present bilaterally on lateral borders of the tongue and buccal mucosa near the retromolar region. Extraoral examination revealed concentric erythematous target (or) bull's eye lesions in palms, forearm, and foot. Based on history, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations, recurrent herpes-associated erythema multiforme was diagnosed. We report a rare clinical presentation of recurrent herpes-associated erythema multiforme manifesting as an extensive plaque-like lesion intra-orally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Periodontitis is intricately linked to oxidative stress-antioxidant (redox) imbalance. The antioxidant system scavenges the oxygen free radicals in biological fluids in patients with periodontitis. However, little is still known about the free radicals mediated oxidative stress and reductive ability of the antioxidant system. Thus, the present meta-analysis aims to quantitatively review the literature that assessed the oxidative stress marker total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in various biological fluids of patients with periodontitis. Methodology. Electronic databases were searched for studies that assessed TOS and TAC levels in various biological samples of patients with periodontitis. Results. From the 1,812 articles identified, 1,754 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to irrelevance to the topic of interest. A full-text assessment of the remaining 58 articles led to the selection of 42 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of these, only 24 studies had consistent data for quantitative analysis. The periodontitis group displayed significantly elevated TOS levels (p < 0.05) in serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and saliva samples in the studies evaluated. In contrast, the periodontitis group exhibited significantly attenuated TAC levels (p < 0.01) compared to healthy controls in plasma, serum, and GCF samples of the studies evaluated, which was insignificant in salivary samples (p = 0.433). At the same time, the periodontitis group displayed insignificantly elevated TAC levels after periodontal therapy (p = 0.130). Conclusions. The present meta-analysis showed significantly higher TOS and lower TAC in periodontitis, reflecting the elevated oxidative stress level than the control group. Clinical Relevance. Scientific rationale for the study: The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress (OS)) plays a critical role in the onset and progression of periodontitis; the assessment of the relationship between OS-related biomarkers in regional samples and systemic samples of patients with periodontitis helps us to evaluate the periodontal disease progression. The OS biomarker levels can be used to assess periodontal disease and therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Foreign body ingestion/aspiration can occur during orthodontic procedures that may be of minimal risk or lead to acute medical and life‐threatening emergencies. The present report describes a rare case of retained orthodontic wire fragment in the masticator space for nearly two decades identified as an incidental radiographic finding, highlighting the importance of optimum care in the dental clinic at all times be it surgical or nonsurgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Mucormycosis is an angio‐invasive rapidly progressing fungal infection, usually reported in immunocompromised individuals. We present a case of COVID‐associated mucormycosis in a patient with a presenting symptom of toothache in the maxilla with a possible mild case of COVID‐19. Coronavirus‐associated mucormycosis (CAM) had reached epidemic status, especially during the second wave of COVID‐19. It was especially prevalent in India with a large mortality rate. Mucormycosis, particularly the rhinocerebral type is seen to be greatly associated with COVID‐19, especially in patients with altered immunity. Uncontrolled diabetes, chronic kidney disease, immunocompromised patients, malignant hematological diseases, etc. are the major risk factors of CAM, precipitated by the injudicious use of corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19. CAM may often present in the maxillofacial region which warrants that dental clinicians be aware of the clinical presentation, diagnostic guidelines, and appropriate management measures for the disease. This report is one such case of CAM involving the posterior maxilla in a middle‐aged individual with mild COVID‐19 symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present case report depicts an unusually large desmoplastic fibroblastoma. The diagnosis of the lesion appears to be deceptive clinically. The purpose of this case image is to highlight its size and presenting symptoms, which could easily be mistaken for an odontogenic, salivary gland, or a soft tissue neoplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]