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After the subjugation operated by the military campaigns of 1878-1885, the native population of northern Patagonia (Mapuche-tehuelche) suffered forced relocation, the breakdown of socio-political and family units, the erasure of the identity of hundreds of minors and the declamation of the extinction of the indigenous cultural and social world. From this genocidal process, the agency of indigenous individuals and collectives was conditioned within the framework of the construction of a new society that was defined as "without Indians". From then on, this became a condition for their possibilities of accessing land, as well as a principle of stigmatization and social differentiation. This paper focuses in addressing a particular instance of the agency of this population: the National Aboriginal Association. This organization stood out for its self-recognition as aboriginal and for its supra-community, trans-territorial and national structure. The ANA was active in a key period defining a political strategy that defended the indigenous producer, encouraged processes of communalization and articulation of the agency of the original peoples with other political actors, both in northern Patagonia and in the national context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Argentina, the myths of the European origin of its population and the extinction of the original peoples have been in force for 140 years. They have had explanatory force to deny not only rights to native peoples but also to publicly affirm their very extinction. Since the end of the last military dictatorship (1976-1983) and the return of democracy, the existence and rights of native peoples have been recognized. At the same time, there was a strong criticism of the entire historiographical account that had supported these myths. However, in the present, the debate about history continues. In the current context of political confrontation between different models, we find new discourses that articulate old explanations based on those myths. After the tendency to criticize the traditional discourse, new revisionist and denialist proposals have been established, anchored in the current political context. These reuse and redefine the stereotypes of foreign and Chilean indigenous peoples, the myth of innate violence and the illegitimacy of the claim of rights by native peoples. These discursive constructions accompany a process of increasing violence towards the organizations and demands of the original peoples in Patagonia, where the Mapuche people are identified as an internal enemy. In this paper we propose to address this context taking into account the scientific production on the historical process of indigenous subjugation and incorporation into the state-nation-territory matrix in Argentina, focusing especially on the case of Patagonia and the Mapuche people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En este artículo los autores presentan un anãlisis interdisciplinario entre historia, antropología y anãlisis del discurso, sobre un corpus documental cuya génesis se encuentra en una nota escrita por un grupo de tejedoras del paraje de Los Menucos (Argentina) al gobierno nacional, en 1933. La nota da curso a un proceso legal dentro del cual es posible evidenciar las estrategias discursivas y políticas de legitimación en un "conflicto de versiones". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]