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Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns during labor and umbilical cord nucleated red blood cell counts. Methods: Nucleated red blood cell data was collected prospectively from 41 singleton term neonates presented with nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns and/or meconium stained amniotic fluid during labor (study group) and from 45 term neonates without any evidence of nonreassuring fetal status (controls). Umbilical artery pH, blood gases and base excess were also determined to investigate the correlation between independent variables. Results: The median nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells were 13 (range 0-37) in the study group and 8 (range 0-21) in the control group. Stepwise regression analysis have identified meconium stained amniotic fluid (R(2) = 0.15, p < 0.0001) and umbilical artery PO(2) (R(2) = 0.1, p = 0.002) as independent variables associated with elevated NRBC counts in patients with nonreassuring fetal heart rate patterns. Conclusions: Nucleated red blood cells in the cord blood of newborns were found to be elevated in patients with nonreassuring FHR patterns during labor. However, the wide range and the poor correlation of NRBC count with umbilical artery pH and blood gas values limit its clinical utility as a marker for fetal hypoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate changes in the levels of gingival crevicular fluid ( GCF) chemerin and interleukin-6 ( IL-6) in both obese/non-obese individuals with periodontitis following non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methods Individuals ( n = 80) were split into four groupings according to periodontal/anthropometric parameters: (i) periodontal healthy without obesity; (ii) chronic periodontitis ( CP) without obesity; (iii) periodontal healthy with obesity; and (iv) CP with obesity. Individuals with periodontitis were treated with non-surgical periodontal therapy. Both GCF sampling procedures and clinical periodontal measures were performed prior to treatment and 6 weeks thereafter. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to measure both chemerin and IL-6 levels. Results Greater values for chemerin and IL-6 were observed in obese individuals compared to their non-obese controls and in individuals with CP compared to their periodontal healthy controls ( P < 0.008), which decreased following therapy ( P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between chemerin and IL-6 in obese groups ( P < 0.05). A comprehensive overview of all groups showed a statistically significant positive correlation among chemerin, along with IL-6, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and clinical attachment levels ( P < 0.05). Conclusion It could be concluded that chemerin levels may act as both diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Chemerin may also play an integral part in the pathologic mechanisms that relate adipokines to both periodontal disease and obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Renal diseases in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, include diabetic nephropathies (DN) and non-diabetic renal diseases (NDRD). The clinical differentiation among them is usually not so clear and effective. Aim of this study which examined renal biopsies in patients with type-2 DM was to identify the prevalence and the nature of NDRD. Materials and Methods: We recorded the clinical and laboratory finding alongside with the histopathological examination of the renal biopsies obtained from 71 type-2 DM patients who underwent renal biopsy in our center. Based on the renal biopsy findings patients were classified into two groups (DN and NDRD) and data was compared between the two groups. Results: There were 42 women and 29 men; aged 55 ± 12 years. In patients with DN (n: 34), diabetic retinopathy was more common [16 (47.1 %) vs. 6 (16.2 %) respectively, p =0.01], duration of DM was longer (108.8 ± 58.8 months vs 57.8 ± 55.9 months respectively, p <0.001) and the degree of proteinuria was more severe (6 ± 4.3 g/day vs. 4.5 ± 4.6 g/day respectively, p =0.04) compared to the patients with NDRD. Regression analysis revealed that diabetes duration >60 months, presence of diabetic retinopathy and proteinuria >3.5 g/day were independent predictors of DN with 79.4 % sensitivity and 86.5% specificity. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most frequent diagnosis in patients with NDRD. Conclusions: The prevalence of NDRD is remarkably frequent in DM patients in whom nephrologists consider renal biopsy an appropriate measure. Short duration of DM, degree of proteinuria and absence of retinopathy were predictors of NDRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Please cite this paper as: Dede F, Celen S, Bilgin S, Ure G, Ozcan A, Buzgan T, Kose R. Maternal deaths associated with H1N1 influenza virus infection in Turkey: a whole-of-population report. BJOG 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03002.x. Objective To review the clinical and demographic characteristics of pregnant and postpartum women who died as a consequence of influenza A H1N1 (2009) infection in Turkey. Design A review of the records for pregnant and postpartum women who died as a consequence of H1N1 influenza virus infection. Setting Nationwide in Turkey. Population Thirty-six pregnant or postpartum women who died as a result of confirmed pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection. Methods Using the General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning (MCHFP) Registry of the Ministry of Health of Turkey, we identified all pregnant and postpartum women who died as a result of confirmed influenza A H1N1 (2009) infection between 29 October and 31 December 2009. Main outcome measure Maternal mortality as a result of H1N1 virus infection. Results The average time from symptom onset to initial presentation for health care was approximately 2.5 days, and the mean time from symptom onset to the receipt of antiviral medication was approximately 5.5 days. Only one-fifth of all women received early antiviral treatment (administered 2 days or less after symptom onset) and only one woman was vaccinated for H1N1 influenza 1 week before the onset of symptoms. The cause-specific maternal mortality ratio for H1N1 influenza infection in Turkey was estimated to be 3.01. The calculated risk of death associated with H1N1 influenza virus infection was approximately four times higher in pregnant and postpartum women than in the general population (relative risk, 3.88; 95% confidence interval, 2.77-5.43). Conclusions Pregnant women are at increased risk for complications of, and death from, H1N1 influenza infection. Prompt evaluation and antiviral treatment of influenza-like illness should be considered in such women. Vaccination for H1N1 influenza may reduce the total number of deaths in pregnant and postpartum women. The high cause-specific maternal mortality rate suggests that H1N1 influenza virus infection may have increased the 2009 maternal mortality ratio in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the incidence and risk factors of fetal loss in threatened abortion after ultrasonographic detection of fetal cardiac activity in a low socioeconomic population. A total of 202 women with singleton pregnancies who presented with vaginal bleeding in which fetal heart activity was ultrasonographically demonstrated between 5 and 14 weeks' gestation were included. Pregnancies with fetal abnormalities were excluded from the study. All cases were followed-up with respect to pregnancy outcomes. A total of 54 of 202 pregnancies (26.7%) resulted in fetal loss before 20 weeks' gestation. The mean fetal heart rate (FHR) and cervical length values were lower in spontaneous abortions than in viable pregnancies (121.2 +/- 13.3 vs 143.5 +/- 12.4 and 41 +/- 6.0 vs. 34.8 +/- 6.1, respectively; p < 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.88 for FHR and 0.77 for cervical length. A FHR value <130 b.p.m. was 81.4% sensitive, 85.1% specific and a cervical length value <40 mm was 80.8% sensitive, 54.7% specific for determination of fetal loss before 20 weeks' gestation. Fetal loss was observed in about one-quarter of pregnancies admitted with threatened abortion in a low socioeconomic population. Bradycardia and short cervix were found to be significant risk factors affecting the pregnancy outcome in women presenting with vaginal bleeding, in whom fetal cardiac activity was documented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a previously healthy, immunocompetent 17-year-old male patient, who developed acute glomerulonephritis during the course of Parvovirus B19 infection and this acute glomerulonephritis did not resolve spontaneously. His renal biopsy showed mild mesangial proliferation and focal segmental sclerosis. Parvovirus B19 DNA was detected in renal tissue by polymerase chain reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Our aim was to investigate the changes in menstrual pattern, ovarian reserve and presence of dysmenorrhea and ovulation after tubal ligation via bipolar electrocautery. Methods: Sixty patients requesting voluntary tubal ligation were recruited in the study. Laparoscopic tubal sterilization via bipolar electrocoagulation was performed in all patients in the early follicular phase. Blood samples were collected on day 3, one cycle before the procedure, in the same cycle when the procedure was carried out and on the third cycle following the procedure for determination of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E2), and on day 21 for progesterone (P) levels. All patients were followed for 3 months, and changes in menstrual pattern, presence or absence of dysmenorrhea and ovulation were noted. Results: Menstrual changes occurred in six patients (10%), although only one patient had mild dysmenorrhea (1.6%) after the procedure. The incidence of ovulation was 33% preoperatively, rising to 40% in the cycle when surgery was performed and maintained a constant level at 40% 3 months after tubal ligation. There was no statistically significant difference in the serum FSH, LH and estradiol levels in preoperative and postoperative assessments (p>.05). Conclusion: Tubal ligation has been blamed for causing luteal phase defect as a result of an effect on ovarian circulation. In our study, the rate of ovulation was slightly improved after the procedure, and ovarian reserve was not negatively affected. Bipolar electrocoagulation of the fallopian tubes did not alter the ovarian reserve and function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background/aim: To compare the changes in uterine and ovarian artery blood flow following laparoscopic sterilization via bipolar cautery with Pomeroy tubal ligation via mini-laparotomy in patients who had voluntary surgical sterilization. Methods: Ninety consecutive fertile women applying for voluntary tubal ligation were recruited in this prospective study. Patients were allocated for either laparoscopic tubal ligation via bipolar electrocoagulation (group 1) or Pomeroy tubal ligation via mini-laparotomy (group 2) according to their preference. Color Doppler flow analysis of uterine and ovarian arteries were carried out on the 3rd day of the cycle prior to the procedure (D(0)), on the 3rd postoperative day (D(1)) and on the 3rd day of the cycle, 3 months (D(3)) following the surgery. The significance of difference between the three measurements was analyzed by using analysis of variance. Results: Prior to surgery, the mean pulsatility index of the uterine artery, left and right ovarian arteries were 1.9 +/- 0.3, 1.8 +/- 0.3, 1.8 +/- 0.2 in group 1 and 1.8 +/- 0.08, 1.8 +/- 0.08, 1.8 +/- 0.07 in group 2, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 in terms of D(0) values (p > 0.05). 3rd postoperative day and 3rd month measurements of both uterine and ovarian arteries in group 1 and group 2 did not show any statistically significant difference from that of preoperative values (p > 0.05). Conclusion: No alternation in the flow of either ovarian or uterine arteries following tubal sterilization performed by bipolar electrocautery and Pomeroy's technique was determined both in the immediate postoperative period and 3 months after the surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficacy and safety of misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction in patients with oligohydramnios was investigated. 57 pregnancies with oligohydramnios and 58 cases with a normal amniotic fluid volume (controls) were enrolled in this prospective trial. All patients received 50 µg of intravaginal misoprostol every 5 h. Primary outcomes were: cesarean section rate; induction to delivery time; oxytocin augmentation; uterine hyperstimulation; meconium passage; fetal heart rate (FHR) changes; fetal distress requiring delivery, and Apgar scores. There were no differences in the mean time to delivery, cesarean section rate, oxytocin augmentation or Apgar scores. The mean induction to delivery time in oligohydramnios and control groups were, 11 h 43 min and 11 h 18 min, respectively (p > 0.05). FHR changes were observed in 26.3% of oligohydramnios group and 32.7% of control group (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the cesarean section rate and the uterine hyperstimulation between the 2 groups. These data suggest that misoprostol can be used as an effective agent for cervical ripening and labor induction in pregnancies with oligohydramnios without increasing the risk for perinatal outcome, compared to those with normal amniotic fluid volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors report a case of intravesical migration of an intrauterine contraceptive device ( IUD) with secondary stone formation in a 28-year-old woman who presented with recurrent urinary tract infections. After incomplete removal of the migrated copper-T 380-A from the pelvic cavity by laparoscopy, cystoscopy was performed and the arms of the IUD with the calculus formed around them were removed via the cystoscope. Intravesical migration of an IUD should be suspected in any woman with an unretrieved device and with recurrent urinary symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report a case of cervical dysgenesis presenting with hematometra. Design: Case report. Setting: Teaching and research hospital. Patient(s): A 12-year-old girl presented with primary amenorrhea. At laparoscopic examination she was found to have a ball-shaped enlarged uterus without any type of connection to the upper normal-appearing cervix. Intervention(s): Conservative surgery with end-to-end anastomosis of the upper blunt end of the cervix to the lower part of the uterus was performed. Main Outcome Measure(s): Preserve fertility and/or maintain cyclic menstrual cycles. Result(s): After having normal menses for 3 months, the patient was admitted again with occlusion at the anastomosis site. Hematometra was drained and hysteroscopic and laparoscopic observations proved a normal-appearing uterus, endocervical canal, and cervix. Conclusion(s): Conservative surgical treatment with intact cervical and uterine segments, with an end-to-end cervicouterine anastomosis is a feasible and effective option in patients with cervical transverse fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract of the conference paper "Fetal Ebstein's anomaly-possible origin of a maternal mirror syndrome," by B. Gerresheim and colleagues is presented.

Background/aim: Abnormal heart rate recovery after an exercise stress test is a strong predictor of cardiovascular death in healthy subjects and various patient groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate heart rate recovery (HRR), a cardiovascular risk factor, in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Material and Methods: Forty patients with primary NS (mean age 39.6 ±9.3 years) and 42 healthy subjects (mean age 36.0 ± 7.9) were included in the study. HRR was calculated by subtracting the heart rates in the first, second, and third minutes of the recovery period from the maximum heart rate, reached during the exercise stress test. Results: The HRR in the first minute was significantly slower in the NS group compared with the control group (25.5 ± 10.1 and 32.4 ± 11.1, respectively; p =0.004). The HRR in the second and third minutes was also slower in the NS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. When a comparative analysis of HRR and the etiology of NS was carried out, no difference was found at any time point. Conclusions: Impaired first minute HRR was identified in patients with NS. This suggests that primary NS patients should be monitored due to the potential increased risk of cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the adequacy of ultrasound in diagnosis of dermoid cysts and to demonstrate the causes of ultrasonographic failure in histopathologically misdiagnosed cases. Methods: Of 245 consecutive patients, whom an adnexal mass is determined and the preliminary ultrasonographic diagnosis of the cyst was a dermoid csyt, were included in the study. Preoperative ultrasonographic findings and postoperative pathology results were evaluated and the correlation with pre-operative ultrasound imaging and final pathologic results were analyzed. Results: The diagnosis of a dermoid cyst with ultrasonography was detected with the following rates of sensitivity 81.8%, specifity 93.1%, positive predictive value 67.5%, negative predictive value 96.7%. A wall thickness greater than 3 mm (p=0.029), inner wall irregularity (p=0.001), mixed echogenity according to hyperechogenic lines p=0.003), solid component (p=0.001), acoustic shadowing (p=0.001), calcification (p=0.001), echogenic mural nodule (p=0.001), were found to be statistically significant (p<0.001) in ultrasonographic diagnosis of dermoid cysts. Determination of vascularity in Doppler sonography was not found statistically significant in diagnosis of dermoid cysts (p=0.52). Conclusion: Pattern recognition method is a method that evaluates and diagnoses adnexal masses by ultrasonography subjectively. It was shown to be more reliable with high accuracy rates in specific diagnosis of adnexial masses when compared to that of other methods. Even though hyperechogenic lines and hyperechogenic solid masses were characteristic findings for dermoid cysts, these parameters were found to be the most frequent causes of misdiagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim : To compare the results of the endometrial biopsy before the hysterectomy and the results of the pathology after hysterectomy in the cases of hysterectomy which was done for benign reasons at the Etlik Zübeyde Hanim Maternity and Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital between January 2011 and June 2012. Materials and Methods :The files of the hysterectomy cases done for benign reasons between January 2011 and June 2012 was examined retrospectively. Findings: 332 cases in total to which hysterectomy was conducted for benign reasons between January 2011 and June 2012 were examined. The average age of the cases was 46 (41-56). The indications of the hysterectomy were myoma uteri in 225 of the cases, bleeding resistant to the treatment in 56 of the cases, recurrent endometrial hyperplasia in 36 of the cases and prolapsus uteri in 15 of the cases. Results: The findings of preoperative endometriyal sampling were proliferative endometrium (30.4%), sekretuar endometrium (34.9%), endometrial hyperplasia (10.8%), endometrial polyp (6.6%) , chronic endometrit (7.8%) and insufficient material (9.3%). Endometrial cancer was not detected. Postoperative endometriyal findings were proliferative endometrium (34.3%), sekretuar endometrium (37.9%), endometrial hyperplasia (10.2%), inactive endometrium (2.4%), atrophic endometrium (3.6%), basal endometrium (3.0%), endometriyal polyp (7.8%) and endometrioid adeno cancer (0.6%). The preoperative endometrial biopsy results of two cases whose postoperative pathology results came as adeno cancer were complex atypical hyperplasia and preoperative endometrial biopsy was conducted to these patients because of the abnormal uterin bleeding. In this study it was seen that endometrial sampling before the operations was not necessary in the cases for which hysterectomy was planned for benign reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim:To examine the total number of births and the speed of cesarean rates at the Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Maternity and Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital between the years of 2006 and 2010. Material and Methods: The records of the patients who gave birth by cesarean at the Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Maternity and Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital between the years of 2006 and 2010 were examined retrospectively. Findings: In 2006 in %29.2 of the 14,723 births, in 2007 in %30.6 of the 15,646 births, in 2008 in %32.7 of the 18,161 births, in 2009 in %35.3 of the 16,020 births and in 2010 in %37 of the 15,800 births cesarean was conducted. Results: The two of the most common reasons of this increased cesarean rates were prior cesarean birth and fetal distres. In order to decrease the rates of the prior cesarean section , it is essential to behave more meticulously while diagnosing cesarean indication for the first time. In order to decrease the indication of fetal distres there is a need for legal regulations about the period of birth and situations which are not linked to the doctors at this period in our country. If these regulations are done, not only the cesarean rates linked with fetal distres but also secondary the cesarean rates linked with the prior cesarean will decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerability of three classic antimuscarinic drugs used in the treatment of over active bladder syndrome using clinical data and quality of life tests, and to evaluate the parameters affecting the success of these drugs. Methods: A total of 90 patients with urge urinary incontinence were randomly allocated into three groups either to receive tolterodine (group A), trospium chloride (group B) or oxybutynin (group C). Urogenital distress inventory short form (UDI-6) and Incontinence impact questionnaire short form (IIQ-7) of the Turkish Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery Association were performed to each patient before and after treatment to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of the antimuscarinic drugs. Adverse events were also recorded during treatment. Results: Improved urodynamic test values were recorded after 6 weeks of treatment in each group. Similarly, statistically significant differences were observed in UDI-6 and IIQ-7 test scores before and after treatment. Complete cure was achieved in 86 % of patients in group A; however, complete cure rates were 67 and 80 % in group B and C, respectively. Although, patients reported comparable tolerability against trospium chloride (77 %) and tolterodine (80 %), only 23 % of patients using oxybutynin considered the drug as tolerable. The most common side effect was dry mouth, followed by insomnia. Both dry mouth and insomnia was highest in group C (50 %). One patient (0.3 %) in group B and two patients (0.7 %) in group C reported that they did not want to continue to use the drug. Conclusion: Antimuscarinic medications are very successful in the treatment of urge urinary incontinence; however, the success of treatment is not only limited to clinical improvement. Patients do not regard a drug as successful unless it is tolerable, easy to adapt to the daily life and improve the quality of life even it has very successful clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-dipper hypertensive patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than dipper hypertensive patients. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of CVD. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and dipper and non-dipper hypertension. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 199 consecutive patients that were diagnosed with primary hypertension. According to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measurements, non-dipper and dipper group were determined. PLR was determined based on the platelet count and lymphocyte count in the complete blood count. Results: The non-dipper group included 103 patients (74 females and 29 males; mean age: 52.37 ± 10.7 years) and the dipper group included 96 patients (65 females and 31 males; mean age: 48.40 ± 11.1 years). Mean systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the non-dipper group than in the dipper group (124 ± 15.1 mmHg versus 120 ± 11.2 mmHg, p =0.032) and the median PLR was significantly higher in the non-dipper group than in the dipper group [132.15 (range: 69.64-400) versus 117.0(range: 53.52-192.26), p = 0.001], whereas the mean white blood cell count (6.86 ± 1.43 x 10³/µL versus 7.24 ± 1.26 x 10³/µL, p =0.046) and median lymphocyte count [2.09 (range: 0.95-3.92) x 10³/µL versus 2.24 (range: 0.97-3.98) x 10³/µL, p =0.001) were significantly lower in the non-dipper group. Conclusion: Median PLR was significantly higher in the non-dipper hypertensive patients than in the dipper hypertensive patients. We think this finding further supports the role of an increase in inflammatory response in non-dipper hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this prospective randomized placebo-controlled study was to determine the effectiveness of 400 μg oral and 400 μg vaginal misoprostol administration for cervical priming 3 h prior to manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) under local anesthesia for voluntary termination of pregnancy before 10 weeks of gestation in comparison with placebo oral or placebo vaginal administration (n=40 in each group). Postmedication cervical dilatation was similar in the oral (mean, 6.6±1.5) and vaginal (mean, 7.2±0.8) misoprostol groups but significantly higher compared with the oral (mean, 3.4±0.2) and vaginal (mean, 3.6±1.9) placebo groups. Duration of the procedure was also significantly shorter in the misoprostol groups in comparison with their placebo counterparts. Preoperative bleeding and side effects were more common in the misoprostol groups, but none required medical intervention. Intraoperative bleeding was less in the vaginal misoprostol group compared with the placebo groups. There was no significant difference in terms of visual analogue scores during the procedure, patient satisfaction, days of postoperative bleeding and rate of postoperative complications among the groups. Cervical priming with misoprostol administered orally or vaginally 3 h before MVA for termination of pregnancy under local anesthesia facilitates the procedure by decreasing the need for cervical dilatation and by shortening its duration without improving patients'' pain perception and satisfaction mainly due to side effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Amyloidosis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD). In this study, depending on the idea that the clearance of middle and high molecular weight toxins could be improved, we aimed to investigate the effect of high-flux dialyzer on clearance of beta-2 microglobulin (P2-MG) and calcium (Ca) phosphorus (P) metabolism in patients under HD treatment. Forty-eight patients with ESRD under chronic HD treatment were included in the study. All patients were randomized into two groups, and HD was performed with low-flux or high-flux dialyzer for 6 months. In the high-flux group, the reduction of P2-MG and P levels during dialysis was significantly higher when compared with the low-flux group (p<0.001). During the follow-up period, while β2-MG levels decreased significantly in the high-flux group (p<0.05), there was an increase in the low-flux group (p<0.05). As a result, our findings suggest that use of high-flux dialyzer can be an efficient alternative in terms of controlling the clearance of β2-MG and impaired Ca and P metabolism. These beneficial effects of high-flux dialyzers are probably mediated by the improved clearance of middle and high molecular weight toxins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim : We aimed to evaluate and compare histopathologic results of ovarian tumours in women with different ages. Material and methods: This retrospective study was performed at Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Woman Health and Training Hospital ,Endoscopic Surgery Clinic,from January 2008 to July 2012. 491 patients were eveluated. The data were collected from hospital records and patients files. All of the cases were subjected to laparotomy or laparoscopy. The frozen section results and final pathologies were investigated. Results: The mean age of the study group was 29.02 ± 10.7 (12-80). Before 20 ages the most common histopathology was dermoid cyst 159(32.4%),second was serous cystadenom 138 (28.2%). At the age group 20-39 and 40-48 endometrioma was common (55.7%). The serous cystadenom (31.7%) was often seen in postmenopausal ages. There were 2.6% women that had malign frozen and histopathology in all the groups except adolesence. No malignancy was found in this group. The frozen section evaluation was in concordence with definitive histopathological results in terms of detection of malignancy. Conclusion: Histopathology of ovarian cysts are different at different age groups. For all the cysts that will be operated for benign reasons frozen section should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection is more common among renal allograft recipients compared with the general population due to immunosuppression. The epidemiological risk in a country is an important determinant of transplant TB after transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed 283 renal transplant recipients who underwent renal transplantation between 1990 and 2004. We evaluated the incidence, patient and disease characteristics, prognosis, and outcome of TB infection. Tuberculosis developed in 10 (seven men and three women of mean age of 41 ± 9 years) among 283 patients (3.1%). All patients were culture-positive for M tuberculosis. Although pulmonary TB was the most common presentation in the general population, 50% of patients in the study group developed extrapulmonary TB. The mean elapsed time from renal transplantation was 38 months. Three patients (1%) developed TB in the first year after transplantation. All patients were treated with a quartet of anti-TB therapy. One patient developed isoniazid-related reversible hepatotoxicity. No acute allograft rejection occurred during the anti-TB therapy. Two patients (20%) with pulmonary TB died due to dissemination of the disease. In conclusion, extrapulmonary presentations of TB are more common among renal transplant recipients with the increased risk of mortality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]