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Da Rosa P, Nicolau B, Brodeur J-M, Benigeri M, Bedos C, Rousseau M-C. Associations between school deprivation indices and oral health status. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 213-220. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Despite an overall improvement in oral health status in several countries over the past decades, chronic oral diseases (COD) remain a public health problem, occurring mostly among children in the lower social strata. The use of publicly available indicators at the school level may be an optimal strategy to identify children at high risk of COD in order to organize oral health promotion and intervention in schools. Objective: To investigate whether school deprivation indices were associated with schoolchildren oral health status. This ecological study used a sample of 316 elementary public schools in the province of Quebec, Canada. Data from two sources were linked using school identifiers: (i) Two school deprivation indices (in deciles) from the Ministry of Education, a poverty index based on the low income cut-offs established by Statistics Canada and a socioeconomic environment index defined by the proportions of maternal under-schooling and of unemployed parents and (ii) Oral health outcomes from the Quebec Schoolchildren Oral Health Survey 1998-99 aggregated at the school level. These included proportions of children with dental caries and reporting oral pain. The relation between school deprivation indices and oral health outcomes was assessed with linear regression for dental caries experience and logistic regression for oral pain. The mean DMF-S (mean number of decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth surfaces) by school was 0.7 (SD = 0.5); the average proportions of children with dental caries and reporting oral pain were 25.0% and 3.0%, respectively. The poverty index was not associated with oral health outcomes. For the socioeconomic environment index, dental caries experience was 6.9% higher when comparing schools in unfavourable socioeconomic environments to the most favourable ones [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1, 11.7%]. Furthermore, the most deprived schools, as compared to least deprived ones, were almost three times as likely to have children reporting oral pain in the previous week. The school socioeconomic environment index was associated with oral health outcomes, and should be studied for its potential usefulness in planning school-based oral health promotion and screening strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The culture of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has been consolidated in different regions of Brazil, and presents interesting characteristics on agronomic aspects, oil composition and protein quality. The defatted sunflower meal has been used to feed, but browning limits its use for human consumption. Sunflower meal contains chlorogenic acid, a potent antioxidant, which in turn is oxidized by polyphenol oxidase, producing compounds that darken the meal and reduce the nutritional quality of protein. In this research chlorogenic acid extracts were obtained from defatted sunflower meal, using methanol or ethanol as solvent, at temperatures of 25, 40 and 60°C and contact times of 30 and 60 minutes in a three classification criteria experiments. There were significant differences between solvent, time and temperature (P<0.05). The highest removal efficiency of chlorogenic acid was of 40%, when methanol was used. Chlorogenic acid extracts obtained have potential for use as antioxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to correlate female sexual dysfunctions and dissatisfaction with female university students' body image.Methods: 276 female university students completed an online questionnaire, including sociodemographic data, the Female Sexual Function Index, and the Body Shape Questionnaire.Results: 31.1% reported some degree of dissatisfaction with body image, and 39.5% had a risk of female sexual dysfunction. The majority of women with a risk of female sexual dysfunctions (69.4%) had no concerns with shape, and the majority of women without sexual problems (67.7%) had no concerns with shape. Pearson's coefficient underlined no correlation between Body Shape Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index domains.Conclusion: The body image perception did not seem to affect the sexual function of female university students in our sample. However, it is important to further investigate these variables to improve women's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationship between factors related to masturbation, sexual function, and genital self-image among women has not been fully explored in the literature. Aim: The study sought to investigate the association between masturbation frequency, feelings, and behaviors with sexual function and genital self-image in young women. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among 110 undergraduate female students was conducted. Online self-administered questionnaires to assess sociodemographic characteristics, masturbatory frequency, feelings, and behavior were completed. Participants also answered the Brazilian version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS). Outcomes: The outcome includes masturbation frequency and behaviors associated, as well as scores on the FSFI and FGSIS. Results: Women showed higher scores in FSFI subdomains when masturbation was considered important for them, along with reported feelings of empowerment and satisfaction during this activity. However, those who experienced negative emotions during masturbation, such as shame or guilt, demonstrated a significant association with lower scores in both FSFI and FGSIS. Masturbation frequency was found to correlate with better sexual function specifically in the desire domain among women who engaged in daily masturbation. Additionally, an association was observed between higher scores in the FGSIS and increased scores in the domains of satisfaction, arousal, and orgasm within the FSFI. There was an association in the domain's satisfaction, arousal, and orgasm of the FSFI with greater scores in FGSIS. Clinical Implications: The clinical implications encompass the augmentation of understanding pertaining to female sexual function. Strengths and Limitations: The study provides valuable insights into the sexual behavior of undergraduate female students, and its methodology improves openness in responses, as it provides anonymity given the sensitive nature of the topic studied. Study limitations include the unsuitability of the FSFI questionnaire for sexually inactive women in the past 4 weeks; the participation bias and reporting bias in sexuality searches; and the unknown validity of the investigator-derived questionnaire about masturbation, as it has not been previously validated. Conclusion: Masturbation frequency has minimal to no impact on female sexual function, whereas harboring positive feelings toward it and maintaining a positive genital self-image may exert a positive influence on sexual function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses must be comfortable facilitating palliative and end-of-life communication with patients and their families. Aim: A validated instrument measuring the comfort of nurses with conducting end-of-life communication is essential for meeting the goals and wishes of patient care. This study aimed to develop and conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Comfort with Communication in Palliative and End-of-Life Care (C-COPE) instrument. Methods: Face, content, and construct validity, including test-retest reliability, were conducted. Results: Four experts subjectively confirmed face content validity and the quantitative item content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.67 to 1 and scale content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.98. Principal axis factoring with Promax rotation yielded a five-factor solution accounting for 66.2% of the variance. The items loading on the five factors ranged from 0.46-0.96 (factor 1), 0.67-0.93 (factor 2), 0.49-0.86 (factor 3), 0.68-0.79 (factor 4), and 0.24-0.96 (factor 5). Internal consistency reliability (coefficient α) was 0.90 for the total C-COPE, and above 0.75 for each factor. The five factors are 'cultural/spiritual considerations,' 'team considerations,' 'addressing decision-making,' 'addressing symptomatology,' and 'deliberate awareness.' Test-retest reliability yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.87 (CI 95%, 0.82--0.91). Conclusions: The C-COPE is a reliable and valid instrument measuring nurse comfort with palliative and end of-life care communication, yet requires testing in more diverse samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of parenting stress, self‐efficacy and COVID‐19 health risks on general stress among nurses in the Midwest, United States, during the pandemic. Background: As frontline workers amidst the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, nurses have been subject to stressors at home and at work. Method: This quantitative, cross‐sectional study included 896 nurses with at least one child below 18 years of age. Using purposive sampling, participants answered an online survey composed of demographic questions, perception of COVID‐19 health risks, measures of self‐efficacy, general stress and parenting stress. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression were conducted. Data were collected from July 13 to August 13, 2020. Results: The four predictors, along with eight demographic covariates, accounted for 40% of the variance in general stress. Parenting stress and COVID‐19 health risks were positively related to general stress, while self‐efficacy was negatively associated with general stress. Conclusions: Results highlight the negative influence of parenting stress on nurses' general stress and the importance of self‐efficacy in reducing stress. Findings suggest that support services for nurses should focus not only on work‐related stressors but also consider parenting stressors, work‐home imbalances and self‐efficacy. Summary Statement: What is already known about this topic? Nurses are experiencing acute stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic because of the close proximity in dealing with infected and dying patients.Healthcare workers who have childcare obligations are facing more responsibilities at home and are less willing to report to work during a pandemic.High self‐efficacy among nurses has been found to significantly relate to willingness to work during a pandemic and that lower self‐efficacy is related to increased fear in caring for infected patients. What is already known about this topic? This paper adds to the limited research on the effects of parenting stress on nurses. This paper shows that parenting stress does contribute to nurses' overall perceived stress.Concerns about the potential risks if nurses themselves were to become infected and worries about the potential risks to family due to the nurses' clinical roles are significantly related to their general stress.In the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic, self‐efficacy can serve as a protective factor against stress for nurses working in the frontlines. The implications of this paper: The COVID‐19 pandemic has increased work stress for nurses and contributed to challenges in finding the balance between the increased demands at home and work. To help mitigate stress and support wellbeing of nurses, health care institutions and nurse managers might consider arranging educational parenting support groups, allowing more flexible work hours or self‐scheduling, extended rest days, providing free or subsidized childcare and offering professional development opportunities that enhance self‐efficacy among nurses.Challenges experienced by nurses must be addressed as sustained levels of work‐life imbalance may contribute to nursing shortages as nurses succumb to the strain of the stress created by the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to systematically review randomized clinical trials comparing the treatment of individuals with overactive bladder syndrome through the use of behavioral therapy versus drug therapy. A systematic electronic search of MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was performed, including studies indexed until August 2019. Five randomized clinical trials were included. The studies presented a high risk of bias. There was no significant difference between the evaluated treatments. Thus, behavioral therapy and drug therapy also promote the improvement of the symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome, and the behavioral therapy does not have significant adverse effects reported. Due to the high risk of bias in included studies, data should be interpreted with caution. Future studies with more comprehensive protocols may change the effect estimates of behavioral therapy on overactive bladder syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO Mulheres com dor pélvica crônica (DPC) frequentemente apresentam distúrbios relacionados à função sexual e referem desconforto durante a relação sexual. OBJETIVO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o indice de função sexual feminina em pacientes com diagnóstico de dor pélvica crônica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Para a avaliação, foi utilizado o questionário validado FSFI, ou índice da função sexual feminina, em seis mulheres com diagnosico de DPC pertencentes ao serviço de ginecologia do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição em Porto Alegre durante o período de junho a setembro de 2017. RESULTADOS Das 6 voluntarias entrevistadas, 5 (83,33%) apresentaram disfunção sexual de acordo com os resultados do índice de função sexual feminina. Apenas uma (16,67%) entrevistada possuía uma função sexual dentro do nível de normalidade. CONCLUSÃO Os resultados mostraram-se de acordo com os de outros estudos sobre DPC, principalmente em relação à disfunção sexual. Dessa forma, abre-se assim, portas para novas investigacões acerca das semelhanças e sintomas desta população em questão. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]