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Simple Summary: This study examined how both daytime and situational sleepiness are associated with heart rate asymmetry (HRA) from evening to night. Fifty participants were divided into two groups based on their levels of daytime sleepiness: 'Lower Normal' and 'Higher Normal'. HRA and situational sleepiness were assessed at 8 P.M., 9 P.M., and 10 P.M. The results showed that individuals with higher daytime sleepiness had lower HRA by 10 P.M., indicating reduced parasympathetic activity and impaired autonomic regulation. Significant correlations were also found between situational sleepiness and HRA metrics in the 'Higher Normal' group, particularly in measures of short-term and long-term heart rate variability. These findings suggest that monitoring HRA could help detect drowsiness and manage fatigue, especially in settings where maintaining alertness is critical, such as driving or shift work. The relationship between daytime sleepiness and heart rate asymmetry (HRA) during the transition from evening to night is crucial for understanding autonomic regulation and its implications for alertness. This study aims to investigate how daytime sleepiness influences HRA dynamics from evening to night and how situational sleepiness correlates with HRA metrics. HRA metrics were calculated at 8 P.M., 9 P.M., and 10 P.M. in 50 participants, categorized into 'Lower Normal' and 'Higher Normal' daytime sleepiness groups based on Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores. Situational sleepiness was assessed using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS). The results demonstrated that individuals with 'Higher Normal' daytime sleepiness exhibited lower HRA metrics at 10 P.M. compared to those with 'Lower Normal' daytime sleepiness, supporting the suggestion that higher daytime sleepiness correlates with reduced parasympathetic activity and diminished autonomic responsiveness. Significant negative correlations between situational sleepiness and HRA metrics were observed in the 'Higher Normal' group, particularly with the SSS. Therefore, increased daytime sleepiness affects HRA dynamics by decreasing parasympathetic activity and altering autonomic regulation at the beginning of the biological night (10 P.M.). These findings suggest potential applications for enhancing drowsiness detection and managing fatigue in safety-critical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the divergent findings regarding heart rate variability during drowsiness in studies, we propose utilizing the concept of critical slowing down (CSD) to detect early warning signals (EWS) of impending sleep onset based on heart rate variability as measured by standard deviation of the interbeat interval between normal peaks (SDNN). To expedite the detection of such EWS, we suggest employing ARIMA models. The study involved 25 healthy individuals (10 males) aged 20–35 years. Heart rate was recorded in natural home-based conditions from 19:40 to 06:00. The moment of sleep onset was recorded using the continuous button pressure paradigm. The results indicated that SDNN nonlinearly changed approaching sleep onset and exhibited spikes interpretable as EWS. SDNN was successfully forecasted using ARIMA analysis within a 10 minute window. An algorithm was developed to determine EWS signaling the impending transition to sleep based on ARIMA analysis of SDNN within the CSD concept. The algorithm allows for the detection of such EWS in 92% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the relationship between functional hemispheric asymmetry at various brain levels and the performance of fourth-grade students in English as a second language classroom activities. Specifically, the study explored the impact of leftward and rightward asymmetry patterns on total classroom scores, considering lessons with a two-week interval and pre-lesson and post-lesson measurements. The sample comprised 27 right-handed students from an English-intensive school program. To assess functional hemispheric asymmetry before and after two English classes, computer laterometry based on a 'two-source' lead–lag dichotic paradigm was employed. Results revealed that leftward asymmetry in lability (brainstem-related) and excitability (primary auditory cortex-related) predicted higher total scores in classroom activities. The interaction between leftward lability and excitability asymmetries was a significant predictor of improved performance. These findings suggest that multiple regions of the left hemisphere are involved in supporting various linguistic tasks and emphasize the dynamic nature of functional hemispheric asymmetry. No significant relationship was observed between rightward asymmetry and classroom scores. However, future research may explore specific language tasks and sex-related differences in lateralization. The study underscores the importance of considering individual cognitive profiles in language learning and teaching, potentially improving language acquisition outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Academic success is a measure of students' ability to attain their educational objectives, often assessed through regular evaluations or examinations. To establish effective policies and programs that align with academic accomplishments, conducting comprehensive data analysis is pivotal. Hence, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the factors impeding the academic achievements of Ethiopian students in higher education. Methods: A comprehensive review was conducted on studies involving Ethiopian university students from 2013 to 2022. The review encompassed 24 papers that were gathered from different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: The findings of this research revealed that inadequate classroom environments, experiencing dysmenorrhea, and engaging in excessive social media usage were all linked to a decline in academic performance. Conversely, adopting healthy sleep habits, achieving high scores in entrance exams, and avoiding recent substance abuse were all factors positively influencing academic success. In addition, there was a positive correlation between academic excellence and being a health science college student and age range of 20 to 24 years old. Conclusion: To enhance academic performance, it is crucial to address the negative factors identified, such as inadequate classroom environments, dysmenorrhea, and excessive social media usage, while promoting positive factors like healthy sleep habits, high scores in exams, and avoiding substance abuse. Additionally, being a health science college student and belonging to the age range of 20 to 24 were found to be associated with academic excellence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While sleepiness assessment metrics were initially developed in medical research, subjective sleepiness assessment is now widely used in both fundamental and applied studies. The Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) are often considered the gold standard in sleepiness research. However, their convergence and specific features have not been sufficiently investigated. The present study aims to analyse the dynamics and convergence of subjective sleepiness as measured by the KSS and SSS. A total of 208 adults participated in the experiment. Our findings suggest that sleepiness generally increased from the evening till night and was highest early in the morning. The SSS score appeared to be more sensitive to certain factors. The SSS and KSS scores strongly correlated with each other and converged on sleepiness assessment. However, the KSS showed a more even distribution of scores than the SSS. Currently, we are continuously expanding the SSDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of the left hemisphere is often associated with linguistic functioning, including in a foreign language. At the same time, research results demonstrate that different structures in both hemispheres can be jointly activated in the performance of particular linguistic tasks. The current study aimed to identify functional hemispheric activity and asymmetry markers for effective foreign language performance. The study sample consisted of 27 3rd-grade, 26 10th-grade, and 21 university students, all native Russian. To measure functional hemispheric asymmetry and activity before and after an English class and before an English test, we used computer laterometry in the 'two-source' lead–lag dichotic paradigm. The study results reveal that left hemispheric functional dominance can be considered as a marker for effective activity during an English class and an English test in 3rd-grade and 10th-grade students. In university students, right hemispheric functional dominance predicted better efficacy during the English class. Therefore, the results obtained provide evidence about different hemispheric activity and asymmetry modes for different ages of foreign language mastering, and the results may support the hypothesis about the possibility of a 'sensitive period' for foreign language acquisition occurring at any age. These findings can be applied to the creation of biofeedback trainings for hemispheric profile optimization when learning a foreign language and may help in creating personalized learning schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to identify the attentional profile of fencers, comparing them to non-athletes and swimmers. Three groups of subjects were studied (N=90; Mage=21.3; SD=4.1): thirty-seven fencers (20 female, 17 male), twenty-one swimmers (10 female, 11 male); thirty-two non-athletes (16 female, 16 male). Results of the alertness test (warning condition) showed swimmers were overall faster than non-athletes. In the no-warning condition, results of the alertness test showed a significant interaction between group x gender: in particular, it was the group of female non-athletes in the condition in which the warning signal was not present who recorded higher reaction times than the other groups. In the divided attention (only in the visual task), and the go/no-go tests, the fencers showed faster reaction times than the swimmers and the non-athletes, while the latter groups did not differ from each other. In the vigilance test, only the gender factor was significant: overall, males showed greater speed than females. In conclusion, our data show that fencers, compared to swimmers and nonathletes, possess better management of visual attention and a better ability to manage situations in which a response must be inhibited, suggesting that these differences affect more selective aspects of attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current pilot study, we attempt to find out how double neurofeedback influences functional hemispheric asymmetry and activity. We examined 30 healthy participants (8 males; 22 females, mean age = 29; SD = 8). To measure functional hemispheric asymmetry and activity, we used computer laterometry in the 'two-source' lead-lag dichotic paradigm. Double biofeedback included 8 min of EEG oscillation recording with five minutes of basic mode. During the basic mode, the current amplitude of the EEG oscillator gets transformed into feedback sounds while the current amplitude of alpha EEG oscillator is used to modulate the intensity of light signals. Double neurofeedback did not directly influence the asymmetry itself but accelerated individual sound perception characteristics during dichotic listening in the preceding effect paradigm. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of double neurofeedback training on functional brain activity and asymmetry, taking into account participants' age, gender, and motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report results from a self-paced silent-reading study and a self-paced reading-aloud study examining ambiguous forms (heteronyms) of Russian animate and inanimate nouns which are differentiated in speech through word stress, for example, uCHItelja.TEACHER.GEN/ACC.SG and uchiteLJA.TEACHERS.NOM.PL.1 During reading, the absence of the auditory cue (word stress) to word identification results in morphologically ambiguous forms since both words have the same inflectional marking, -ja. Because word inflection is a reliable cue to syntactic role assignment, the ambiguity affects the level of morphology and of syntactic structure. However, word order constraints and frequency advantage of the GEN over both the NOM and the ACC noun forms with the - a/-ja inflection should pre-empt two different syntactic parses (OVS vs. SVO) when the heteronym is sentence-initial. We inquired into whether the parser is aware of the multi-level ambiguity and whether selected conflicting cues (case, word order, animacy) can prime parallel access to several structural parses. We found that animate and inanimate nouns patterned differently. The difference was consistent across the experiments. Against the backdrop of classical sentence processing dichotomies, the emergent pattern fits with the serial interactive or the parallel modular parser hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the study: The problem addressed is highly relevant since diagnostic and methodological tools for the assessment of professional skills (goal setting and planning) in comprehensive school teachers that they need to effectively organize and manage the development of students' personality are insufficiently developed. The aim of the study: The purpose of the article is to study the features of goal setting and planning actions as they develop in teachers of general education school within the framework of a competence-based approach to education. Methods: The questionnaire "Goal Setting and Life Planning"; author's questionnaire "Goal setting and planning in the educational process" were used as empirical research methods. Results: The article demonstrates the effectiveness of the system of formative activities aimed at optimizing the level of goal setting and planning skills in secondary school teachers. Practical significance: The study proves the need for a set of activities that are tailored for development of professional skills of goal setting and planning in teachers in the context of modern school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]