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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine a current approach to en bloc para-aortic lymphadenectomy and to compare the results of this new approach performed by way of laparotomy and endoscopically. Methods: This study was conducted on 191 patients with endometrial cancer (EC) who had undergone para-aortic lymph node (PaLN) dissection with the current method (en. bloc paraaortic lymphadenectomy; protect inferior mesenteric artery and superior hypogastric plexus) between January 2015 and September 2019. A description of the paraaortic lymphadenectomy technique was made in this study. Harvested lymph node counts, operational information, pathological features, postoperative complications, recurrence were presented. Results: A total of 191 EC patients were analyzed in two separate groups with regard to surgical approach. Open and minimally invasive surgery was composed of 141 and 50 patients, respectively. There was no difference between the groups in respect of age, body mass index, menopausal status, anesthesia time, chylous ascites, the presence of recurrence. We found in open surgery group that pre-operative CA125 level, amount of intraoperative bleeding, erythrocyte suspension transfusion, number of PaLNs, metastatic PaLN counts, and early postoperative complications were significantly higher than the other group. Conclusion: The current method has some advantages such as protecting normal body structures, resulting in the same lymph node counts with published articles by other authors previously, and having lower recurrence rates. Two approaches of the current technique are feasible, easy to perform and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most successful orthopedic surgeries; nevertheless, many of these surgeries are the causes of failure, and among them, periprosthetic fractures are one of the major causes of revision. Our study focuses on periprosthetic hip fractures with two different stem designs. The aim of the study was to analyze the obtained results, focusing on the features of periprosthetic stem fractures observed. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed periprosthetic fractures occurring between 2010 and 2023, involving Alloclassic® or CLS® uncemented femoral stems. We analyzed demographic data, proximal femur morphology, and the fracture type. Results: We identified 97 patients. Considering the proximal femur morphology, we found that there was statistically significant prevalence of Dorr A proximal femur morphology in the CLS® group and of Dorr C in the Alloclassic® group. Considering the distribution of the fracture pattern, we reported a non-statistically significant prevalence of the fracture pattern with stable stems in the CLS® group. Conclusions: The choice of the prosthetic design of the femoral stem is a crucial element when planning total hip arthroplasty. However, we found a non-statistically significant difference between the two stems considered, raising questions about the real role of stem design as a primary determinant of periprosthetic hip fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the impact of different etching times and ethanol pre-treatments on the immediate bond strength of a hydrophilic multi-mode universal adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, Kuraray, UBQ) and on the consequent gelatinolytic activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) on radicular dentin. (2) Methods: Sixty single-root teeth were selected and divided into four groups according to the adhesive protocol applied for fiber post cementation: (G1) 15 s H3PO4 application + UBQ; (G2) 30 s H3PO4 application + UBQ; (G3) 15 s H3PO4 application + ethanol pre-treatment + UBQ; (G4) 30 s H3PO4 + ethanol pre-treatment + UBQ. After adhesive procedures, fiber posts were luted into the post space with a dual-curing cement (DC Core, Kuraray) and light-cured for 40 s. To perform the push-out test and nanoleakage analyses for both coronal end apical areas, 1 mm slices were prepared, following a 24 h storage period in artificial saliva. Additionally, an in situ zymographic assay was conducted to explore endogenous MMP activity within the radicular layer. Results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. (3) Result: ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in push-out bond strength related to the pre-treatment variable but did not highlight any significance of etching time. Specimens pre-treated with ethanol wet bond application showed higher bond strength (p < 0.01). In situ zymography quantification analyses revealed that all tested groups, independently of etching time end ethanol pre-treatment, activated MMP gelatinolytic activity. A significant increase in MMP activity was detected for the 30 s etching time. However, ETOH pre-treatment significantly reduced MMP activity within the adhesive interface (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: The tested adhesive showed similar results regardless of the etching time protocol. The gelatinolytic activity of MMPs was observed in all the groups. Further investigations and extended follow-ups are required to validate the results of the present study in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We aimed to determine the factors associated with sequential blood culture time to positivity (STTP) and validate the previously defined time to positivity (TTP) ratio threshold of 1.5 in predicting adverse disease outcomes and mortality of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Methods We conducted an observational study of adult patients with SAB. The TTP ratio was calculated by dividing the TTP of the second blood culture by that of the first. Results Of 186 patients, 69 (37%) were female, with a mean age of 63.6 years. Median TTP was 12 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 10–15 hours) from the initial and 21 hours (17–29) from sequential blood cultures. Methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA)–infected patients had significantly shorter STTPs (P <.001) and lower TTP ratios (P <.001) compared to patients with methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA). A significant correlation between initial and STTP was observed in patients with MRSA (r = 0.42, P =.002) but not in those with MSSA. A higher rate of native valve endocarditis (NVE) significantly correlated with a TTP ratio of ≤1.5 (odds ratio, 2.65 [95% confidence interval, 1.3–5.6]; P =.01). The subgroup having an initial TTP <12 hours combined with a TTP ratio ≤1.5 showed the highest prevalence of NVE. Conclusions The STTP varies based on methicillin susceptibility of S aureus isolate. This study suggests a potential clinical utility of the STTP to identify patients at a higher risk of NVE. However, prospective studies are required to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Worldwide, phytotherapy methods acquire great importance, and studies in this field are increasing their importance each day. This study, it was aimed to examine total antioxidant, oxidant status, oxidative DNA damage, glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels and the effects of barley grass juice on these parameters in rats with diabetes mellitus. Material and Method: Four groups were formed for the study and 6 male rats weighing 250-350 g were used in each group. Control Group; physiological saline was injected via intraperitoneal., Diabetic Group; created using streptozotocin, Barley Grass Group; Barley grass juice (3 ml/rat/day) was given orally for 4 weeks, Diabetic and Barley Grass Group; was injected streptozotocin and barley grass juice was given by oral for 4 weeks. Results: It was determined that barley grass juice decreased blood sugar, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, total oxidative status and oxidative stress index values, increased total anti-oxidative status value, and body weights in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, it was determined that the addition of barley grass juice provided a significant protective effect and improvement in these parameters. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we can say that barley grass juice has an antidiabetic-antioxidant effect and weight gain in diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volleyball is an anaerobic team sport that involves various complex movements and requires adequate body position sense. Therefore, volleyball players' most important physical characteristics are balance, agility, endurance, reaction speed, explosive strength, and quick strength. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between core strength and functional performance of lower extremities in male and female volleyball players. A total of 19 (11 female, eight male) volleyball players aged 16-20 years (11 female, eight male) who were students of Ondokuz Mayıs University Ya, sar Dogu Faculty of Sports Sciences participated in the study voluntarily. The inclusion criteria were determined as athletes with at least three years of active sports history and regular training. Height, weight, and Body Mass Index measurements were taken at the first visit. Then, shuttle test, plank test, push-up, single hop for distance (SH), triple hop for distance (TH), crossover triple hop for distance (CH), medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH), and medial rotation (90°) with hop for distance (MRH) and Y Balance Test were performed with randomized practice cards. When the push-up, sit-up, and plank tests were compared between men and women, a significant difference was found in the shuttle parameter (p>0.05). When the athletes' Single Leg Hop test parameters were evaluated, there was no significant difference, only in SH between the sides in men. At the same time, there was no significant difference only in medial rotation (90°) with hop in women (p>0.05). While there was a significant difference in triple hop for distance, crossover triple hop for distance, medial side triple hop for distance (MSTH) and medial rotation (90°) with hop between the parties in men, a statistically significant difference was found in single hop for distance, triple hop for distance, crossover triple hop for distance, medial side triple hop for distance parameters in women (p<0.05). When single-leg hop Tests LSIs were compared between male and female groups, no statistically significant difference was found in all parameters (p>0.05). When the findings of our study were examined, it was determined that although there was a significant difference in Single Leg Hop test parameters between dominant and non-dominant sides in the groups, the LSI values seen in male and female groups were between normal values, and there was no limb asymmetry. However, there was no difference between genders in LSIs, and similar results were found for men and women. In the core strength tests, while similar results were seen between genders in push-up and plank parameters, the significant difference in the shuttle test revealed that men had better core strength than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of sarcopenia increases in the intensive care unit (ICU) and critically ill patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the muscle mass and muscle strength changes in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia in the ICU setting using anthropometric and ultrasonographic measurements. A total of 30 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized in the ICU between June 2021 and December 2021 were included in this single-center, unblinded, prospective study. Thigh circumference and muscle mass of the rectus femoris were measured and anthropometric and ultrasonographic examination were performed. The muscle strength was evaluated using the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system in non-intubated patients. All measurements were recorded on Days 1, 7, 14, and 21. All patients were followed for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, the muscle mass of the right and left rectus femoris decreased by 47% and 52.8%, respectively based on ultrasonographic examination. In addition, the muscle mass of the right and left rectus femoris decreased by 25.3% and 25.4%, respectively based on anthropometric measurements. The muscle strength of the thigh of the lower limb was evaluated using the MRC scores and each parameter decreased by one unit: the muscle strength was 5/5 at the time of ICU admission, while it regressed to 3/5 at week 2 and 2/5 at week 3. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) may develop in critically ill patients with COVID-19 due to the disease itself or treatment methods. A special attention should be paid to accurately assess and treat ICU-AW in this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the various problems caused by infiltration in civil construction, this study aimed to identify the most appropriate waterproofing methods for different types of surfaces. A study was conducted on the mechanisms of water infiltration on surfaces and the waterproofing methods available on the market, focusing on asphalt blankets, in addition to a literature review highlighting state-of-the-art methods on this topic. A case study was also conducted in a residence in Nova Lima, Brazil, analyzing different waterproofing techniques, including their characteristics and stages. Among the conclusions, it is highlighted that the implementation of adequate project, installation, inspection, and maintenance techniques can significantly reduce the waterproofing failure rate and repair costs, and that the excellent choice of materials, along with the skill of the labor force in the application, is fundamental to guarantee the adequate performance of these materials in buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in vitro/vivo biocompatibility experiments of Mg-Al-Mn alloy were carried out, and AM50 and AM60 alloys were used in the experiments. Immersion and potentiodynamic corrosion have been applied to these alloys in vitro. For biocompatibility, cytotoxicity test was performed. A total of 40 rats were used for the in-vivo experiment. AM series alloys were surgically placed in the femoral condyle as mini screws and monitored radiographically. AM alloys were removed together with the femur at the end of 7 weeks and further examined. After in-vivo application, the biodegradability level was successfully concluded with blood mineral analysis and urinalysis. In this study, the bioprocess of AM series Mg alloys with Al and Mn additions has been completed. As a result, the AM alloys used can be classified as biocompatible and biodegradable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Media Observatory of the Faculty of Political Science and International Relations has established itself as an academic space for the systematic analysis of communication in political, social, and cultural processes. Its focus is on collecting data, evaluating interventions in the public sphere, and reflecting on relevant issues in Rosario city, with the purpose of promoting greater knowledge and citizen participation in democracy. Social media has brought about significant changes in public communication, presenting new strategic challenges. Emerging media platforms have become a political stage where actors interact and engage differently with citizens from the way they do in traditional media. The Observatory has investigated the use of social networks by politicians and citizens, as well as the impact of phenomena such as fake news and artificial intelligence in political communication. Over the past ten years, with a rigorous approach, the Observatory has sought to understand trends and challenges that arise in digital communication. And above all, it has highlighted the need for an informed and critical citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the collective behavior of glioblastoma cells and their weakly polarized motion. It reveals that the velocities of individual cells exhibit correlated fluctuations over long distances, indicating scale-free correlations. It also mentioned that a data-driven model with two parameters captures these statistical features, suggesting the potential criticality of glioblastoma assemblies.

Polyethylene plastic mesh is commonly used for containing oyster shells in small‐scale oyster reef restoration, but environmental and public health concerns have prompted investigations of biodegradable alternatives. Shallow (<0.5 m) and deep (approximately 1 m) oyster reefs (approximately 6 m2) were constructed in the Mission‐Aransas Estuary, Texas, U.S.A., in March 2020 using recycled oyster shells placed into four different replicated mesh bag types: polyethylene (plastic) and three biodegradable alternatives (cellulose, cotton, and jute). Biodegradable alternatives (cellulose, cotton, and jute) all completely degraded within 2 months of deployment, leaving piles of loose shell, while polyethylene bags remained intact. Despite rapid degradation, the biodegradable/loose shell successfully recruited and developed larger oysters (mean of 46 mm) than on the polyethylene‐bagged shell (mean of 40 mm) after 7 months, although at less than half the density. Associated motile fauna density in the bagged shell was 2.4 times higher than in the loose shell after 7 months at both the deep and shallow locations. Faunal community composition and diversity varied more with reef depth than by bag type. The total cost of using polyethylene bags was lower than for biodegradable alternatives (22–45% the cost of cellulose, 35–72% the cost of jute, 49–99% the cost of cotton). However, because our estimate of the environmental cost of polyethylene plastic mesh only included impacts on marine natural capital, the true cost is likely much higher. Despite higher costs, biodegradable alternatives can still be successful for use in small‐scale oyster restoration events without introducing plastics into the marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate possible vascular changes in pediatric patients infected with COVID-19 and to compare these with an age-matched control group. All patients underwent an ocular assessment and optical coherence tomography angiography examination. Two vascular networks were analyzed as the superficial and deep regions. Evaluation was made of 40 eyes of 20 patients who had recently recovered from COVID infection and 80 eyes of 40 healthy individuals. The DCP-VD values of the COVID group were significantly lower than the control group in most quadrants. The FAZ PERIM and FAZ area values in the COVID patients were higher than the control group, but not statistically significant (p>.05). Pediatric cases of COVID-19 may differ from adults based on structural and immune response differences, and that OCTA can be a noninvasive guide for analysis of the end-organ effects of pediatric COVID disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an interview with Pablo Gerchunoff about his biographical book on Raúl Alfonsín, who established democracy in Argentina in 1983. The figure of Alfonsín is highlighted as the founding father of Argentine democracy and his leadership skills during his government. However, he was unable to fully complete the political transition by not being able to fully subordinate the military power to civilian power. The article also discusses Alfonsín's political position and his internal struggle within his party for a social democratic idea. It mentions the constitutional reform proposed by Alfonsín and the Olivos Pact. Finally, the current situation in Argentina is mentioned, as well as the need to implement an economic stabilization plan. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the introduction of a special issue of the journal Estudios Sociales, which celebrates the forty years of uninterrupted democracy in Argentina since 1983. The Editorial Board proposed the elaboration of this issue to reflect on the development of the political community, the advances and setbacks, and the overcoming of military tutelage in the political system. The importance of democratic legitimacy and alternation in power is highlighted, as well as the current challenges facing Argentine democracy. The objective of the special issue is to revalue democracy and obtain lessons from this historical period. [Extracted from the article]

The ascidian species Lissoclinum patella is found, amongst other places, around Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. L. patella has a cyanobacterial symbiont, Prochloron didemni , known to produce various cyclic peptides, including quantities of the cyclic pseudo-octapeptides, the patellamides. Patellamides are of pharmaceutical interest and have attracted the curiosity of coordination chemists because they can form quite stable mono- and di-nuclear transition metal complexes, particularly with copper(ii). For some patellamide derivatives, the binding of two CuII centres is cooperative and solution equilibria involving metal-free peptides, mono- and di-nuclear copper(ii) complexes, and various functions of these complexes have been described. These studies were also driven by the observation that the ascidians possess copper concentrations in excess of that in the seawater around Heron Island, and accumulation factors of approximately 104 have repeatedly been reported. New data presented here, based on inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and ICP-mass spectromety (MS) measurements, indicate that the 104 factor is overestimated and a factor >500 and up to approximately 3000 is more realistic. There are large quantities of cyclic peptides in Lissoclinum patella ascidians, produced by the obligate symbiont Prochloron. Ascidians accumulate copper but the generally assumed factor of 104 is much overestimated, and it is shown here that there is a significant accumulation factor >500 and up to approximately 3000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Endotracheal intubation is central to the practice of general anesthesia. Complications can be prevented by using alternative airway devices in difficult intubation cases. In this study, we compared the results of endotracheal intubation with video fiberscope and direct-coupled interface (DCI) video laryngoscope devices performed by an experienced (E) and inexperienced (H) practitioner. Methods: This single-blind, prospective, randomized study included 60 patients with an El-Ganzouri risk index score of >4 and American Society of Anesthesiologists score of <4 who were operated between October 1, 2018 and March 1, 2019, in the operating room of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty Hospital. Endotracheal intubation was performed by two practitioners using two different devices (video fiberscope and DCI video laryngoscope). Intubation times, a number of attempts, failed attempts, postoperative complications and haemodynamic responses were recorded. Results: There were no significant differences between demographic data, the number of attempts, unsuccessful attempts, postoperative complications and haemodynamic data between the groups. In the DCI video laryngoscope group, time to intubation was significantly shorter by the E practitioner than that the H practitioner (p=0.047). The E practitioner performed intubation DCI video laryngoscope in a statistically significantly shorter time than using a video fiberscope (p=0.014). Conclusion: In our study, unlike other studies in the literature, endotracheal intubation was performed with two different devices by two E and H practitioners in difficult intubation cases. We saw that the E practitioner provided endotracheal intubation in a shorter time with the DCI video laryngoscope compared to the video fiberscope and in a shorter time than the H practitioner. We believe that the comparison of two devices under different difficult intubation conditions by different practitioners may give a different perspective to the studies in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fatigue to cyclic and static resistance of indirect restorations with different preparation designs made either of lithium disilicate (LS) or polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN). Eighty-four (n = 84) molars were chosen, endodontically treated, and prepared with standardized MOD cavities. The molars were randomly divided into 6 study groups (n = 14) taking into account the "preparation design" (occlusal veneer with 1.2 mm occlusal thickness; overlay with 1.6 mm occlusal thickness; adhesive crown with 2 mm occlusal thickness) and the "CAD/CAM material" (E-max CAD, Ivoclar vivadent; Vita Enamic, Vita). A fatigue test was conducted with a chewing simulator set at 50 N for 1,500,000 cycles. Fracture resistance was assessed using a universal testing machine with a 6 mm diameter steel sphere applied to the specimens at a constant speed of 1 mm/min. A SEM analysis before the fracture test was performed to visually analyze the tooth-restoration margins. A statistical analysis was performed with a two-way ANOVA and a post-hoc pairwise comparison was performed using the Tukey test. The two-way ANOVA test showed that both the preparation design factor (p = 0.0429) and the CAD/CAM material factor (p = 0.0002) had a significant influence on the fracture resistance of the adhesive indirect restorations. The interaction between the two variables did not show any significance (p = 0.8218). The occlusal veneer had a lower fracture resistance than the adhesive crown (p = 0.042) but not lower than the overlay preparation (p = 0.095). LS was more resistant than PICN (p = 0.002). In conclusion, in the case of endodontically treated teeth, overlay preparation seems to be a valid alternative to the traditional full crown preparation, while occlusal veneers should be avoided in restoring non-vital molars with a high loss of residual tooth structure. LS material is more resistant compared to PICN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fully-autonomous vehicles, both aerial and ground, could provide great benefits in the Agriculture 4.0 framework when operating within cooperative architectures, thanks to their ability to tackle difficult tasks, particularly within complex irregular and unstructured scenarios such as vineyards on sloped terrains. A decentralised multi-phase approach has been proposed as an alternative to more common cooperative schemes. When perennial crops are considered, it is advantageous to build a simplified geometrical (and georeferenced) crops model, which can be identified by using 3D point clouds acquired during a-priori explorative missions by unmanned aerial vehicles. This model can be used to plan the tasks to be performed within the crops by the in-field aerial and ground drones. In this companion paper, the proposed strategy is applied to a specific case study involving a vineyard on a sloped terrain, located in the Barolo region in Piedmont, Italy. Ad-hoc technologies and guidance, navigation and control algorithms were designed and implemented. The main objectives were to improve the autonomous driving capabilities of the drones involved and to automate the process of retrieving low-complexity maps from the data collected with preliminary remote sensing missions to make them available for the autonomous navigation by a quadrotor and an unmanned 4-wheel steering ground vehicle within the vine rows. Preliminary results highlight the benefits achievable by exploiting the tailored technologies selected and applied to improve each of the analysed mission phases. • Autonomous ground and aerial vehicles can lead to improve agriculture management. • A collaborative scheme based on a multi-phase approach is proposed. • A specific case study involving a vineyard located in the Barolo is presented. • Design of advanced GNC schemes are proposed for autonomous navigation of drones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture 4.0 comprises a set of technologies that combines sensors, information systems, enhanced machinery, and informed management with the objective of optimising production by accounting for variabilities and uncertainties within agricultural systems. Autonomous ground and aerial vehicles can lead to favourable improvements in management by performing in-field tasks in a time-effective way. In particular, greater benefits can be achieved by allowing cooperation and collaborative action among unmanned vehicles, both aerial and ground, to perform in-field operations in precise and time-effective ways. In this work, the preliminary and crucial step of analysing and understanding the technical and methodological challenges concerning the main problems involved is performed. An overview of the agricultural scenarios that can benefit from using collaborative machines and the corresponding cooperative schemes typically adopted in this framework are presented. A collection of kinematic and dynamic models for different categories of autonomous aerial and ground vehicles is provided, which represents a crucial step in understanding the vehicles behaviour when full autonomy is desired. Last, a collection of the state-of-the-art technologies for the autonomous guidance of drones is provided, summarising their peculiar characteristics, and highlighting their advantages and shortcomings with a specific focus on the Agriculture 4.0 framework. A companion paper reports the application of some of these techniques in a complete case study in sloped vineyards, applying the proposed multi-phase collaborative scheme introduced here. • Autonomous ground and aerial vehicles can lead to improve agriculture management. • A collaborative scheme based on a multi-phase approach is proposed. • Analysis of the technological and methodological challenges is presented. • Companion paper reports an application in a vineyard case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives of the study were to investigate biomechanical properties of severely compromised premolars restored with composite restorations using finite element analysis (FEA), and in vitro fracture resistance test. A 3-D model of an endodontically treated premolar was created in Solidworks. Different composite restorations were modelled (direct restoration-DR; endo-crown-EC; post, core, and crown-C) with two different supporting tissues: periodontal ligament/alveolar bone (B), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Models were two-point axially loaded occlusally (850 N). Von Mises stresses and strains were calculated. The same groups were further tested for static fracture resistance in vitro (n = 5, 6.0 mm-diameter ball indenter, vertical load). Fracture resistance data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.050). The highest stresses and strains in all FEA models were observed on occlusal and vestibular cervical surfaces, corresponding to fracture propagation demonstrated in vitro. C showed the lowest stress in dentin, while EC showed lower stresses and strains in crown cement. B models demonstrated larger high stress areas in the root than PMMA models. No significant differences in fracture resistance (N) were observed between groups (DR: 747.7 ± 164.0, EC: 867.3 ± 108.1, C: 866.9 ± 126.3; p = 0.307). More conservative restorations seem a feasible alternative for endodontically treated premolars to conventional post-core-crown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Blastocystis has been associated with various symptoms of the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis in children with celiac disease (CeD) or functional abdominal pain (FAP) and to evaluate its subtypes (STs) with respect to demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological factors. Methods: Overall, 161 fecal samples were collected from healthy children and patients with FAP or CeD in Hitit University Erol Olçok Research and Training Hospital, Corum, Turkey between 2016-2018. Samples were examined using both native-Lugol (NL) and trichrome-stained (TS) smears, and further analyses by PCR and Sanger sequencing were performed. A standard questionnaire was applied to obtain demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological data. Results: Blastocystis was found in 10.6% of the total study population. Neither bacteria nor any other parasites were found, except for one Giardia (0.6%) in the CeD group. The presence/absence of the parasite was not found to be associated with demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological factors. Blastocysis was detected in 11.5% (6/52) of the CeD, 7.7% (4/52) of the FAP, and 12.3% (7/57) of the healthy group. Diagnostic methods were similar in terms of Blastocystis detection (P= 0.671), and there was fair agreement between the NL, TS and PCR (Fleiss' Kappa=0.847, P=0.001). ST2 (42.8%) and ST3 (35.7%) were the predominant STs followed by ST1 (21.4%). Conclusion: We observed no difference between study groups in terms of Blastocystis prevalence. ST1, ST2 and ST3 subtypes were detected. Blastocystis prevalence and STs were not related to any of the demographic, socioeconomic and epidemiological factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of high-valent metal species has been in the focus of research for over 20 years. Mass spectrometry (MS) represents a technique routinely used for their characterization, in particular electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and cold-spray ionization-mass spectrometry (CSI-MS). The combination of both methods with tandem MS provides additional tools for understanding decay processes and reaction pathways. In this Perspective, tandem ESI-MS, an important instrument in enzyme and peptide characterization and organometallic chemistry, is discussed as a valuable tool for the elucidation of reaction mechanisms of high-valent metal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of substrate and cement shades on the translucency and color of lithium-disilicate and zirconia CAD/CAM materials. Two light-cured resin cements (RelyX Veneer Cement; 3M; Choice 2 Veneer Cement; Bisco Dental) with a standardized thickness (0.1 mm) were tested in combination with two different monolithic CAD/CAM materials (E-Max CAD (LI2SI2O5); Ivoclar Vivadent; Katana (ZrO2); Kuraray-Noritake Dental) on two different colored composite substrates used as a dentin (Filtek Supreme XTE; 3M); for a total of 12 combinations (n = 10). The specimens' color was measured with a spectrophotometer (Spectroshade; MHT). Measurements were taken using the CIELAB color coordinate system (L*a*b*) against black and white backgrounds. L*a*b* values were statistically analyzed for the variables Substrate, Ceramic, and Cement by applying a Three-Way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Test for post-hoc comparison (p < 0.05). Translucency Parameter (TP) and Constant Ratio (CR) were assessed to evaluate translucency; acceptability and perceptibility thresholds (ΔE00 1.8 and 0.8) were used. Statistically significant influence was found for factors ceramic material, cement shade, and substrate color (p < 0.05). Unacceptable color differences were reported for Li2Si2O5. Opacity was significantly higher when white opaque cement shade was employed. Ceramic type and cement shade significantly influenced L*a*b* color coordinates. The final translucency and color of ceramic restorations can, therefore, be influenced by ceramic material, cement shade, and substrate color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper complexes of patellamides have shown catalytic activity in a variety of reactions but their biological function remains unknown. There are significant differences between the natural macrocycles and synthetic analogues in the various catalytic activities. It therefore is essential to be able to perform in vivo and ex vivo reference measurements with the natural patellamide macrocycles, very similar derivatives and a large range of synthetic analogues. The preparative method described allows for a highly adaptable synthetic process producing building blocks for a large range of patellamide derivatives: apart from natural compounds, a new synthetic patellamide was prepared that does not have any substituents at any of the four heterocycles. Together with the variation of substituents at the aliphatic backbone, this allowed to elucidate the catalytic activity for phosphoester hydrolysis as a function of the structure and dynamics of the dicopper(II)‐patellamide complexes, both by experiment and DFT‐based mechanistic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic anisotropy of sixteen seven-coordinate high-spin CoII complexes with O, N, Cl and I donors was investigated with state-of-the-art ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations and compared with experimental data. Based on the nature of the equatorial and axial ligands, which were found to tune the zero-field splitting, the complexes were classified into four groups. The experimental zero-field splitting parameters D which, for the various structures are in a range of +30 to +60 cm−1, as well as the g and E values are well reproduced. The investigation of the electronic structure shows that in these pentagonal bipyramidal complexes the donors and symmetry in the equatorial plane play an important role in the values of the axial zero-field splitting parameter D, and breaking of the horizontal plane of symmetry was found to enhance the magnitude of the D value. Although negative values of D are a desired condition for SIMs, many CoII based SIMs with positive zero-field splitting are fundamentally important to understand the nature of magnetic anisotropy, and seven coordinate CoII complexes with a large overall crystal field splitting might provide a way forward in this class of molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate three‐dimensional external gap progression after chewing simulation of high translucency zirconia (HTZ) and zirconia‐reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) applied on endodontically treated teeth with different preparation designs. Materials and Method: Endodontically treated molars were prepared with low‐retentive (adhesive overlay) and high‐retentive (full crown) designs above cementum‐enamel junction and restored with HTZ and ZLS. Micro‐computed tomography analysis was assessed before and after chewing simulation to evaluate three‐dimensionally the external gap progression. Results were statistically analyzed with two‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey test. Results: High‐retentive preparation design had a significantly inferior gap progression compared to the overlay preparation (p < 0.01); ZLS exhibited a significant inferior gap progression compared to HTZ (p < 0.01). Conclusions: High‐retentive preparations restored with ZLS seem to better perform in maintaining the sealing of the external margin after cyclic fatigue. Clinical significance: The clinician should pay attention to the proper combination of preparation designs and ceramic material selection for an endodontically treated molar restoration. HTZ seems to perform worse than lithium silicate in terms of marginal sealing, still showing lacks in resistance to cyclic fatigue when adhesive preparations are performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While MnII complexes meet increasing interest in biomedical applications, ligands are lacking that enable high MnII complex stability and selectivity vs. ZnII, the most relevant biological competitor. We report here two new bispidine derivatives, which provide rigid and large coordination cavities that perfectly match the size of MnII, yielding eight‐coordinate MnII complexes with record stabilities. In contrast, the smaller ZnII ion cannot accommodate all ligand donors, resulting in highly strained and less stable six‐coordinate complexes. Combined theoretical and experimental data (X‐ray crystallography, potentiometry, relaxometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy) demonstrate unprecedented selectivity for MnII vs. ZnII (KMnL/KZnL of 108–1010), in sharp contrast to the usual Irving–Williams behavior, and record MnII complex stabilities and inertness with logKMnL close to 25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While MnII complexes meet increasing interest in biomedical applications, ligands are lacking that enable high MnII complex stability and selectivity vs. ZnII, the most relevant biological competitor. We report here two new bispidine derivatives, which provide rigid and large coordination cavities that perfectly match the size of MnII, yielding eight‐coordinate MnII complexes with record stabilities. In contrast, the smaller ZnII ion cannot accommodate all ligand donors, resulting in highly strained and less stable six‐coordinate complexes. Combined theoretical and experimental data (X‐ray crystallography, potentiometry, relaxometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy) demonstrate unprecedented selectivity for MnII vs. ZnII (KMnL/KZnL of 108–1010), in sharp contrast to the usual Irving–Williams behavior, and record MnII complex stabilities and inertness with logKMnL close to 25. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory events with highly variable clinical features have been reported with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has affected the whole world. Only one case of COVID-19–associated bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) syndrome has been reported in the literature. We present a case series in which we hypothesize that the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may have a mechanism similar to the common viruses that cause BAIT, the etiology of which is still unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether celiac disease affects ovarian reserve assessed by antral follicle counting, ovarian volume, and anti-müllerian hormone in adolescent patients.Methods: This case-control multicenter trial was performed from January 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018 and included 45 girls. On days 2-5 of the menstrual cycle, measurements of serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, prolactin, and anti-müllerian hormone were performed. Antral follicle counts and ovarian volumes were determined on the same day.Results: Evaluation was made of 21 (47.7%) celiac patients with a mean age of 15.8 ± 1.3 years, and 24 (52.3%) healthy control subjects with a mean age of 16.2 ± 1.2. There was no difference between the groups in respect of right and left ovarian volumes (p = 0.790 and p = 0.670, respectively). Serum levels of anti-müllerian hormone of the celiac patients and controls were found comparable [(3.7 ± 2.9 (0.5-12) and 3.6 ± 1.8 (1.2-8.1)] ng/mL, respectively, p = 0.915).Conclusions: Celiac disease may not affect the ovarian reserve determined with established ovarian reserve markers including antral follicle counting, ovarian volume, and anti-müllerian hormone in adolescent patients.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT04024449 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04024449. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidation of the iron(II) precursor [(L1)FeIICl2], where L1 is a tetradentate bispidine, with soluble iodosylbenzene (sPhIO) leads to the extremely reactive ferryl oxidant [(L1)(Cl)FeIV=O]+ with a cis disposition of the chlorido and oxido coligands, as observed in non‐heme halogenase enzymes. Experimental data indicate that, with cyclohexane as substrate, there is selective formation of chlorocyclohexane, the halogenation being initiated by C−H abstraction and the result of a rebound of the ensuing radical to an iron‐bound Cl−. The time‐resolved formation of the halogenation product indicates that this primarily results from sPhIO oxidation of an initially formed oxido‐bridged diiron(III) resting state. The high yield of up to >70 % (stoichiometric reaction) as well as the differing reactivities of free Fe2+ and Fe3+ in comparison with [(L1)FeIICl2] indicate a high complex stability of the bispidine‐iron complexes. DFT analysis shows that, due to a large driving force and small triplet‐quintet gap, [(L1)(Cl)FeIV=O]+ is the most reactive small‐molecule halogenase model, that the FeIII/radical rebound intermediate has a relatively long lifetime (as supported by experimentally observed cage escape), and that this intermediate has, as observed experimentally, a lower energy barrier to the halogenation than the hydroxylation product; this is shown to primarily be due to steric effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the book "Diary of a Season on the Fifth Floor" by Juan Carlos Torre, where he reflects on the economic policy during Alfonsín's government in Argentina. Torre mentions the transition from the academic world to politics and how he had to adapt to working as a team and considering the consequences of his opinions. It also talks about Alfonsín's initial optimism in his economic management and how his decisions worsened the economic crisis instead of solving it. Additionally, it mentions the shift in Alfonsín's government, where reparations policies were implemented that increased imbalances and inflation. The article also analyzes the Austral Plan implemented during Alfonsín's presidency, as well as the challenges and restrictions that Argentina faced during the transition to democracy in 1983. It highlights partisan competition and lack of political cooperation, as well as the difficulties in forming a new institutional order and overcoming the economic crisis. Despite these challenges, the merit of Argentine democracy is recognized in allowing alternation in power and channeling frustrations through electoral competition. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the present laboratory study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the interfacial adaptation of flowable materials with different flowability in a simulated deep-margin elevation scenario, before and after cyclic fatigue. The null hypothesis tested was that the substrate of the cervical margin, enamel or dentin, the material employed, and the simulated ageing did not influence the quality of the marginal sealing in terms of gap presence. 50 extracted premolars were selected, and two class II cavities were prepared: one mesial, with the cervical margin 1 mm above CEJ (enamel margin) and one distal, with the cervical margin 1 mm below CEJ (dentin margin). After performing adhesive procedures using a self-etch adhesive system with enamel selective etching, specimens were divided into 5 groups (n=10) according to the materials employed for horizontal margin relocation. G1: nanohybrid composite (Clearfil ES2,Kuraray); G2: medium viscosity flowable composite (Majesty ES2 Low-Flow, Kuraray); G3:low viscosity flowable composite (Majesty ES2 Superlow-Flow, Kuraray); G4: conventional viscosity flowable composite (Tetric Flow, Ivoclar); G5: CAD/CAM inlay (Katana Avencia, Kuraray). All restorations, except for G5 were finalized using an oblique layering with a nanohybrid composite. To reveal interfacial gap progression specimens were scanned with a micro-CT (SkyScan 1172), before and after 500000 cycles of thermomechanical chewing simulation (50 N, 1 Hz). Data were imported into Mimics software after smoothing and region growth: only the external gap of the relocation (2 mm) was considered in the analysis. Obtained STL optimal quality masks were imported into Geomagic software for noise removal and volume calculation. Interfacial gap progression, expressed in mm3, was collected and statistically analyzed with ANOVA test (α<0.05). The mean external gap augmentation was tri-dimensionally measured as volume. Three-way ANOVA showed significant differences in the data obtained for the variable substrate, material and ageing. Enamel performed better than dentin in all groups, ageing affected the gap presence over time and flowable materials reduced gap presence in comparison to nanohybrid composite. However, no differences were found between the different tested flowable composites. The initial null hypothesis was rejected since tested flowable resin composites, independently from their viscosity, showed less gap formation than nanohybrid composites at the enamel and dentin margin in deep second class. In addition, enamel guaranteed a better performance of the restorative materials both before and after ageing. Artificial ageing significantly affects the presence of volumetric gap at the interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different materials and cements have been proposed for overlay restorations in the last decade. The present study aimed to better understand the mechanical behavior of an overlay interface under load through finite element analysis (FEA). A lower molar was endodontically treated, restored with an overlay restoration after build-up and then scanned with micro-CT (Skyscan 1172, Bruker) and segmented (Mimics 24.0) in the following volumes: enamel, dentin, restorative material, cement, build-up material. The volumes were optimized for FEA and exported in a simulation software (LS Dyna). Three different restorative materials were tested: Lithium Disilicate (DL), Cubic Zirconia (CZ), Reinforced Composite (RC). Two cements were tested for each restorative material: dual-cure resin cement (DR) and flowable composite (FC). After simulating shrinkage stress of resin materials, accordingly to manufacturer data, the model was loaded axially and horizontally with a sphere. Shear and tensile stresses were recorded, and color-maps were created to better understand stress distribution at the adhesive interface. All tested scenarios showed similar shear and tensile stress distribution at the cement interface. However, RC showed a significantly better distribution (lower peak stresses) compared to other materials. This might be due to the mechanical properties similar to the ones of tested cements, that create a homogeneous force distribution. The greatest shear stresses were located at the interproximal boxes of the preparation, above all when ceramic materials were tested. No significant differences were observed between DR and FC. Having a homogeneous combination of materials might significantly improve the tooth-restoration complex mechanical resistance to loads, above all at the adhesive interface, with subsequent better clinical prognosis. Further studies are necessary to confirm the obtained results when cyclic fatigue is simulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer and can recur in most cases. Surgery is an option for recurrent ovarian cancer. Parasitic infestation disseminated in an immunocompromised host can be fatal. The case is here presented of a female patient diagnosed with early‐stage ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy was initiated for treatment. At the follow‐up examination, masses in the liver suggestive of recurrence were detected on positron emission tomography computed tomography. Surgery was performed. A Strongyloides stercoralis infestation mimicking relapsing ovarian cancer in the liver was diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate different direct restoration techniques on various cavity designs in anterior endodontically treated teeth (ETT). Materials and methods: Ninety upper central incisors (n = 90) were selected, endodontically treated, and divided into three groups (n = 30) accordingly to the cavity design: minimal endodontic cavity access (group A), endodontic access + mesial class III cavity (group B), and endodontic access + two class III cavities (group C). Three subgroups (n = 10) were then created accordingly to the restoration technique: nano hybrid composite restoration (subgroup a), glass fiber post + dual-cure luting cement (subgroup b), and bundled glass fiber + dual-cure luting cement (subgroup c). Samples underwent micro-CT scan, chewing simulation, and a second micro-CT scan. 3D quantification (mm3) of interfacial gap progression was performed; then, samples underwent fracture resistance test. Data were statistically analyzed setting significance at p < 0.05. Results: Groups A and B showed significantly lower interfacial gap progression compared with group C. Subgroup b performed significantly better compared with subgroups a and c. Improved fracture strength was reported for group C compared with group A, while both subgroups b and c performed better than subgroup a. Conclusions: Cavity design significantly influenced interfacial gap progression and fracture resistance. Fiber posts significantly lowered gap progression and improved fracture resistance while bundled fibers only increased fracture resistance. A significant reduction of non-repairable fractures was recorded when fibers were applied. Clinical relevance: A minimally invasive approach, conserving marginal crests, should be applied whenever possible. Inserting a fiber post is indicated when restoring anterior ETT, in order to reduce gap progression, improve fracture resistance, and avoid catastrophic failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pelvic exenteration is a highly morbid operation and remains one of the most catastrophic surgical procedures in gynecological oncology. We would like to present the case of total pelvic exenteration for vaginal cancer after radiotherapy for endometrial cancer as a secondary cancer. A 62-year-old woman, whose gravida: 3, parity: 2, body mass index: 35.9 kg/m², presented with complaints of vaginal bleeding. She had undergone a surgery because of a stage IB grade 2 endometrioid-type adenocarcinoma seventeen years previously. Following the surgery, she had external pelvic radiotherapy and brachytherapy. A palpable, solid and ulcerative mass was detected extending from the vaginal cuff area to the vestibulum vagina on the left postero-lateral wall of the vagina. The 5-cm vaginal mass was seen at vaginal examination. A punch biopsy from a pathological examination of the tumoral lesion was reported as a squamous cell carcinoma. Pelvic exenteration was performed and ileoperineal fistula occurred after six months this surgery. In conclusion, we considered that this malignancy was a secondary malignancy induced by radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported are single crystal SQUID and single crystal high‐frequency/high‐field EPR data of a trinuclear complex with a rare six‐coordinate coordination sphere of a DyIII center coupled to two terminal six‐coordinate NiII ions. The analysis of the single crystal spectroscopic parameters allows for an accurate description of the ground state wavefunction. The experimental analysis is supplemented by the analysis of the paramagnetic NMR spectra, allowing for a thorough description of the DyIII center. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of an ab initio ligand field analysis, and the computed parameters are in good agreement with the experimental observations. This supports the quality of the theoretical approach based on a pseudo‐spin Hamiltonian for the electronic ground state. Further support emerges from the ab initio ligand field theory based analysis of a structurally very similar system that, in contrast to the complex reported here, shows single molecule magnetic properties, and this is in agreement with the quantum‐chemical prediction and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Projections aim to convey the relationships and similarity of high‐dimensional data in a low‐dimensional representation. Most such techniques are designed for static data. When used for time‐dependent data, they usually fail to create a stable and suitable low dimensional representation. We propose two dynamic projection methods (PCD‐tSNE and LD‐tSNE) that use global guides to steer projection points. This avoids unstable movement that does not encode data dynamics while keeping t‐SNE's neighborhood preservation ability. PCD‐tSNE scores a good balance between stability, neighborhood preservation, and distance preservation, while LD‐tSNE allows creating stable and customizable projections. We compare our methods to 11 other techniques using quality metrics and datasets provided by a recent benchmark for dynamic projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to search the effect of Sodium Fluoride (NaF) and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) to erythrocyte fragility and parameters in rats. The nine groups were formed and each group contained 8 animals. Group 1: Control group (without any treatment). Group 2: Sesame oil (vehicle for DMBA). Group 3: 1 ppm NaF. Group 4: 15 ppm NaF. Group 5: 30 ppm NaF. Group 6: DMBA.Group 7: 1 ppm NaF + DMBA. Group 8: 15 ppm NaF + DMBA. Group 9: 30 ppm NaF + DMBA. Fluoride was added into the animals' drinking water in the form of NaF once a day, for 12 weeks. DMBA (10 mg/kg) was administered once a week and in a total of 12 weeks with oral gavage. Erythrocyte fragility was analyzed with osmotic hemolysis method and erythrocyte parameters with blood cell counter in whole blood. At 0.4% NaCl concentration groups 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9 showed significantly higher erythrocyte fragility values than control group (p≤0.05). At 0.5% NaCl concentration, groups 6, 8 and 9 showed significant increase in erythrocyte fragility compared to other groups (p≤0.05). The erythrocyte and hematocrit values were found significantly high in group 5 (p≤0.001) and group 4 (p≤0.01) while it was found low in all groups with DMBA (6, 7, 8, 9) (p≤0.05) compared to control group. Hemoglobin amount in group 5(p≤0.01) and group 4 (p≤0.05) were significantly higher than other groups. MCV and MCH in group 5 were significantly lower and these values in all groups with DMBA (6, 7, 8, 9) were determined significantly high compared to other groups. RDWC in group 5 (p≤0.001) and group 4 (p≤0.01) and in all groups with DMBA (6, 7, 8, 9) (p≤0.05) was significantly increased compared to other groups. As a result, exposure to high doses of floride and DMBA may cause augmented erythrocyte fragility, abnormal erythrocyte parameters and anemia. Therefore, measures must be taken to protect the health of all living organisms in area exposed to high levels of fluoride and DMBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DyIII complex of the nonadentate bispidine L1 (bispidine=3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) has a capped square antiprismatic structure, known to lead to suppressed quantum relaxation of magnetization by quantum tunneling. [DyIIIL1]OTf indeed is an SMM with a modest barrier to magnetization relaxation. The experimentally determined barrier of 46 cm−1 is confirmed by ab initio calculations (43.5 cm−1), and the quantum‐chemical analysis indicates that ligand modifications, leading to a higher symmetry and a stronger axial ligand field should significantly increase the effective barrier to magnetization relaxation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial communities live on macroalgal surfaces. The identity and abundance of the bacteria making these epiphytic communities depend on the macroalgal host and the environmental conditions. Macroalgae rely on epiphytic bacteria for basic functions (spore settlement, morphogenesis, growth, and protection against pathogens). However, these marine bacterial-macroalgal associations are still poorly understood for macroalgae inhabiting the Colombian Caribbean. This study aimed at characterizing the epiphytic bacterial community from macroalgae of the species Ulva lactuca growing in La Punta de la Loma (Santa Marta, Colombia). We conducted a 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based study of these microbial communities sampled twice a year between 2014 and 2016. Within these communities, the Proteobacteria, Bacterioidetes, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla. At low taxonomic levels, we found high variability among epiphytic bacteria from U. lactuca and bacterial communities associated with macroalgae from Germany and Australia. We observed differences in the bacterial community composition across years driven by abundance shifts of Rhodobacteraceae Hyphomonadaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae, probably caused by an increase of seawater temperature. Our results support the need for functional studies of the microbiota associated with U. lactuca, a common macroalga in the Colombian Caribbean Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although pharmacological stimulation of TLRs has anti-tumor effects, it has not been determined whether endogenous stimulation of TLRs can lead to tumor rejection. Herein, we demonstrate the existence of an innate anti-glioma NK-mediated circuit initiated by glioma-released miR-1983 within exosomes, and which is under the regulation of galectin-1 (Gal-1). We demonstrate that miR-1983 is an endogenous TLR7 ligand that activates TLR7 in pDCs and cDCs through a 5'-UGUUU-3' motif at its 3' end. TLR7 activation and downstream signaling through MyD88-IRF5/IRF7 stimulates secretion of IFN-β. IFN-β then stimulates NK cells resulting in the eradication of gliomas. We propose that successful immunotherapy for glioma could exploit this endogenous innate immune circuit to activate TLR7 signaling and stimulate powerful anti-glioma NK activity, at least 10-14 days before the activation of anti-tumor adaptive immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The possibility to use an ethanol-based cross-linker as a primer seems to be a promising option in terms of bond strength. • N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) pre-treatment efficiently preserves bond strength over time. • Matrix-metalloproteinases activity seems to be influenced by the application mode of a universal adhesive. To evaluate the effects of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), an ethanol-based dentin cross-linker, on the immediate and long-term microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage expression of a universal adhesive employed in self-etch mode (SE) or etch-and-rinse mode (ER). The effect of DCC on the dentinal MMP activity was also investigated by means of in-situ zymography. Eighty freshly extracted human molars were sectioned to expose mid-coronal dentin surfaces. The teeth were assigned to one of the following groups, according to the dentin surface priming/adhesive approach: (G1): DCC pre-treatment and Scotchbond Universal (SBU) in ER mode; (G2): SBU in ER mode; (G3): DCC pretreatment and SBU in SE mode; (G4): SBU in SE mode. μTBS test was performed immediately (T 0) or after 1-year aging (T 12) in artificial saliva. Ten additional teeth per group were prepared for nanoleakage evaluation (N = 5) and for in-situ zymography (N = 5). Three-factor analysis of variance revealed significant difference for the variables DCC pretreatment, application mode and aging (p < 0.05) for both microtensile bond strength testing and in-situ zymography. Nanoleakage analysis revealed reduced marginal infiltration of DCC experimental groups both at T 0 and T 12. The use of an ethanol-based primer containing DCC appears to be promising in preserving the stability of the adhesive interface of a universal adhesive, especially in the SE mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of the redox couple FeIV=O / FeIII–O is of interest for the reactivity of the high‐valent nonheme iron oxidants in enzymes and bioinspired small molecule systems but, unfortunately, experimentally it so far is very poorly described. Discussed are three computational methods that are used in combination with available experimental data derived from titrations of FeIV=O species with ferrocene derivatives in dry acetonitrile, and from spectroelectrochemical titrations of FeIII–OH complexes in wet acetonitrile, i.e. describing the FeIV=O / FeIII–OH couple – both data sets are known to have some ambiguities. First, a DFT‐based method is used to compute the E° values of 14 FeIV=O / FeIII–O couples with an error margin of around 110 mV. A subset of four species of the original data set is used to evaluate a DLPNO‐CCSD(T) based approach, and another subset of complexes, where the spectroelectrochemically determined FeIV=O / FeIII–OH potentials are also known, are used for a Bordwell‐Polanyi analysis, which also yield pKa values. It is shown that the three approaches lead to a consistent picture but due to possible ambiguities with the experimental data, it currently is not possible to fully evaluate the accuracy of the used approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ferrocene titration method has been employed to determine the one‐electron reduction potentials of a series of oxido‐iron(IV), oxido‐cobalt(IV) and oxido/hydroxido‐nickel(III) complexes based on the same tetradentate TMG3tren ligand (TMG3tren=tris[2‐(N‐tetramethylguanidyl)ethyl]amine). The S=2 ground state of the [(TMG3tren)FeIV=O]2+ complex allows an exchange enhanced reactivity, which enables it to perform efficient oxygen atom transfer (OAT) and hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) reactions with a low one‐electron reduction potential of 270 mV vs. SCE. In the absence of exchange enhanced reactivity, the OAT and HAA abilities of the S=3/2 [(TMG3tren)CoIV−O(Sc(OTf)3)]2+, S=1/2 [(TMG3tren)NiIII−O(H)]2+ and the previously reported S=1 [(TMC)(CH3CN)FeIV=O]2+ and [(N4Py)FeIV=O]2+ complexes can be directly correlated to their reduction potentials. Notably, [(N4Py)FeIV=O]2+ and [(TMG3tren)FeIV=O]2+ exhibit similar OAT and HAA reactivities although the reduction potential of [(N4Py)FeIV=O]2+ is 0.24 V more positive than that of [(TMG3tren)FeIV=O]2+. The present study therefore provides experimental evidence for exchange enhanced reactivity and rationalizes nature's choice for employing S=2 oxido‐iron(IV) cores to achieve difficult oxidation reactions at biologically viable potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In precision agriculture, autonomous ground and aerial vehicles can lead to favourable improvements in field operations, extending crop scouting to large fields and performing field tasks in a timely and effective way. However, automated navigation and operations within a complex scenarios require specific and robust path planning and navigation control. Thus, in addition to proper knowledge of their instantaneous position, robotic vehicles and machines require an accurate spatial description of their environment. An innovative modelling framework is presented to semantically interpret 3D point clouds of vineyards and to generate low complexity 3D mesh models of vine rows. The proposed methodology, based on a combination of convex hull filtration and minimum area c -gon design, reduces the amount of instances required to describe the spatial layout and shape of vine canopies allowing the amount of data to be reduced without losing relevant crop shape information. The algorithm is not hindered by complex scenarios, such as non-linear vine rows, as it is able to automatically process non uniform vineyards. Results demonstrated a data reduction of about 98%; from the 500 Mb ha−1 required to store the original dataset to 7.6 Mb ha−1 for the low complexity 3D mesh. Reducing the amount of data is crucial to reducing computational times for large original datasets, thus enabling the exploitation of 3D point cloud information in real-time during field operations. When considering scenarios involving cooperating machines and robots, data reduction will allow rapid communication and data exchange between in field actors. Image 1 • Semantic interpretation of 3D point clouds of vineyards. • Generation of low complexity 3D mesh models of vine rows from raw 3D point clouds. • Modelling framework drastically reduced data without losing crop shape information. • Data reduction crucial for rapid communication between in field actors. • Real-time operation vital for cooperating machines and robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Leaf Area Index (LAI) is an ecophysiology key parameter characterising the canopy-atmosphere interface where most of the energy fluxes are exchanged. However, producing maps for managing the spatial and temporal variability of LAI in large croplands with traditional techniques is typically laborious and expensive. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the reliability of LAI estimation by processing dense 3D point clouds as a cost-effective alternative to traditional LAI assessments. This would allow for high resolution, extensive and fast mapping of the index, even in hilly and not easily accessible regions. In this setting, the 3D point clouds were generated from UAV-based multispectral imagery and processed by using an innovative methodology presented here. The LAI was estimated by a multivariate linear regression model using crop canopy descriptors derived from the 3D point cloud, which account for canopy thickness, height and leaf density distribution along the wall. For the validation of the estimated LAI, an experiment was conducted in a vineyard in Piedmont: the leaf area of 704 vines was manually measured by the inclined point quadrant approach and six UAV flights were contextually performed to acquire the aerial images. The vineyard LAI estimated by the proposed methodology showed to be correlated with the ones obtained by the traditional manual method. Indeed, the obtained R2 value of 0.82 can be considered fully adequate, compatible to the accuracy of the reference LAI manual measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Toxic gliadin peptide damages enterocytes in celiac disease by causing oxidative stress. Thiols are organic compounds that defend against oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the changes in thiol–disulfide homeostasis in children with celiac disease. Methods: The study included patients with celiac disease, children diagnosed with functional gastrointestinal disorders, and healthy children. Patients' serum native and total thiol–disulfide amounts, disulfide/total thiol percentage ratios, disulfide / native thiol percentage ratios, and native thiol/total thiol percentage ratios were measured. Results: The study involved 172 children, of whom 90 (52.3%) were girls. The mean participant age was 8.6 ± 4.2 years. A total of 59 (34.3%) children had celiac disease, 56 (32.6%) had functional gastrointestinal disorders, and 57 (33.1%) were healthy. The total thiol and disulfide levels of patients with celiac disease (305 ± 87 μmol/L and 25 ± 15 μmol/L, respectively) were significantly lower than those of healthy children (349 ± 82 μmol/L and 40 ± 15 μmol/L, respectively) (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). Native and total thiol levels (226 ± 85 μmol/L and 279 ± 99 μmol/L, respectively) in patients with celiac disease who consumed a gluten‐containing diet were significantly lower than those of patients who consumed a gluten‐free diet (278 ± 64 μmol/L and 327 ± 69 μmol/L, respectively) (P = 0.017 and P = 0.041, respectively). Conclusions: Thiol–disulfide homeostasis, an important antioxidant defense component of the gastrointestinal system, is disrupted in children with celiac disease. A gluten‐free diet helped partially ameliorate this decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]