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Fish domestication progresses through five levels: from the initial acclimatization to captivity (Level 1), to the life cycle completion in captivity (Level 4), and even to the implementation of selective breeding programs (Level 5). Domestication leads to phenotypic changes over generations, sometimes from the very first generation. Behavioral traits are among the first to change. However, in fish, potential behavioral changes during early domestication have been little studied. Therefore, we studied potential behavioral changes among early and advanced levels of domestication in a model species, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), using a mirror test experiment, commonly used to assess traits involved in activity, aggressiveness, and stress in this species. We compared these traits between wild zebrafish in captivity (F0; Level 1), the first generation of their captive-born offspring (F1; Level 4), and three laboratory strains (AB, TU, and WIK; Level 5). Each fish was individually filmed and tracked using an automated procedure for 5 min. Nine behavioral traits and one activity-related trait were characterized for each individual based on the movements and positioning of the fish. We applied a principal component analysis (PCA) and tested the significance of potential differences between groups using an analysis of similarities (ANOSIM). We applied an indicator value analysis (IndVal) to determine which traits were most expressed by each group. We detected differences between groups and across domestication levels. More specifically, we highlighted differentiations between different levels of domestication (e.g. between F1, AB, TU, and WIK) as early as the beginning of the domestication process (i.e. F0 vs. F1), but also within the same level of domestication (i.e. AB vs. TU). Based on PCA and IndVal, (i) F0 and F1 tended to show stronger expression of stress-related traits than the other groups, (ii) F0 was more active than others, and (iii) TU was more aggressive than AB. Our results confirmed that domestication can change fish behavior, even in the first generation born in captivity, although these modifications remain limited. In contrast, we did not observe any general trends correlated with domestication levels, given that AB and TU diverged in their aggressiveness levels, and WIK differed only from F1. This result needs to be generalized to other species but also considered for domestication for aquaculture. If future studies confirm that the changes observed at the beginning of the domestication process remain limited and that there is no consistent evolutionary trend across generations in fish, this would highlight the crucial importance of selecting the right species from the outset of domestication. It would also emphasize the need to design selective breeding programs that shape fish stocks with the most desirable characteristics. To our knowledge, this study is one of the few to examine the behavior of wild zebrafish alongside laboratory strains, offering a unique insight into the early stages of domestication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sexual dysfunction is a significant complication of treatment for many adult‐onset cancers. However, comparatively less is known about sexual dysfunction in adult childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). Research has been limited by the exclusion of specific cancers (e.g., central nervous system [CNS] tumors) and the lack of validated measures, which makes it difficult to understand the nature and prevalence of sexual dysfunction in CCSs. Methods: A total of 249 adult CCSs (aged 18–65 years) enrolled in Project REACH, a prospective cohort study, and completed measures of physical and mental health, including sexual dysfunction. Participants scoring ≤19 on the Female Sexual Function Index 6 or ≤21 on the International Index of Erectile Function 5 were classified as experiencing sexual dysfunction. Analyses examined the relationships between sexual dysfunction and demographic, disease, treatment, and health variables. Results: A total of 78 participants (32%) experienced clinically significant sexual dysfunction. In univariate analysis, sexual dysfunction was significantly associated with CNS tumor diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.56) and surgery (OR, 1.96) as well as with health variables such as fatigue (OR, 3.00), poor sleep (OR, 2.84), pain (OR, 2.04), depression (OR, 2.64), poor physical health (OR, 2.45), and poor mental health (OR, 2.21). Adjusted analyses found that CNS tumor diagnosis (p =.001) and health variables (p =.025) contribute significantly to sexual dysfunction in CCSs. Conclusions: Approximately one third of adult CCSs report clinically significant sexual dysfunction, which underscores a significant screening and treatment need. However, because available measures were developed for survivors of adult cancers, research to create a sexual health measure specifically for adult CCSs is necessary to better identify the sexual health concerns of this vulnerable population. Regular sexual health screening and treatment are necessary because approximately one third of adult childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) experience sexual dysfunction, with central nervous system tumor survivors experiencing particularly high rates. However, because measures were developed for older survivors, a measure specifically designed for CCSs is critical to better identify and describe the sexual health concerns of this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explain how populations with distinct warning signals coexist in close parapatry, we experimentally assessed intrinsic mechanisms acting as reproductive barriers within three poison-frog species from the Peruvian Amazon belonging to a Müllerian mimetic ring (Ranitomeya variabilis, Ranitomeya imitator and Ranitomeya fantastica). We tested the role of prezygotic and postzygotic isolation barriers between phenotypically different ecotypes of each species, using no-choice mating experiments and offspring survival analysis. Our results show that prezygotic mating preference did not occur except for one specific ecotype of R. imitator, and that all three species were able to produce viable inter-population F1 hybrids. However, while R. variabilis and R. imitator hybrids were able to produce viable F2 generations, we found that for R. fantastica, every F1 hybrid males were sterile while females remained fertile. This unexpected result, echoing with Haldane’s rule of speciation, validated phylogenetic studies which tentatively diagnose these populations of R. fantastica as two different species. Our work suggests that postzygotic genetic barriers likely participate in the extraordinary phenotypic diversity observed within Müllerian mimetic Ranitomeya populations, by maintaining species boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a complex connective tissue that connects the tooth root to the dental alveolar bone and plays crucial mechanical roles. PDL also exhibits regenerative roles and regulatory functions to maintain periodontium integrity and homeostasis. While PDL exposure to oral microbial pathogens is common, virtually nothing is known regarding viral infections of PDL. In particular, human herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) persistently infects the oral cavity through infections of the oral epithelium, connective tissue and neurons. While the oral spread of HSV-1 is generally asymptomatic, this virus has also been implicated in various oral pathologies. In this study, using a primary cell model derived from PDL (PDL cells), and whole surgical fragments of PDL, we provide evidence supporting the efficient infection of PDL by HSV-1 and the promotion of cytopathic effects. Infection of PDL by HSV-1 was also associated with an acute innate inflammatory response, as illustrated by the production of antiviral interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, this inflammatory response to HSV-1 was exacerbated in the presence of bacterial-derived products, such as peptidoglycans. This work therefore highlights the ability of HSV-1 to infect mesenchymal cells from PDL, suggesting that PDL may serve as a viral reservoir for the periodontal spread of HSV-1. Moreover, this raises questions about HSV-1 oral pathogenesis, as HSV-1-associated cytopathic and inflammatory effects may contribute to profound alterations of PDL integrity and functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To synthesize the literature on breastfeeding outcomes associated with exposure to internationally recognized best practices, such as the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative, for patients in the United States during the postpartum period, contextualized within the Missed Care Model. Design: The authors employed Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review framework and the 2020 PRISMA guidelines for data extraction, synthesis, reporting and assessment. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched for articles published between 2007 and 2023. Eligible articles reported on exposure to breastfeeding best practices and outcomes or the experiences, views, perceptions and attitudes of parents, nurses or lactation consultants regarding hospital breastfeeding support. Extracted data were compared to identify in‐hospital exposure to breastfeeding best practices and breastfeeding outcomes, and differences in exposure and outcomes based on patient and provider characteristics. Results: Twenty‐one quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods articles met inclusion criteria. A higher reported adherence to best practices was associated with greater odds of breastfeeding; some practices demonstrated greater effects overall or for specific groups. Higher exposures to best practices and higher breastfeeding rates were found for non‐Hispanic white patients, and those with more education, private insurance and who live in urban areas. Disparities in support and outcomes were related to patients' race/ethnicity, language, weight and age. Qualitative findings reflected missed care concepts, such as internal processes related to habits and group norms, relevant to breastfeeding support. Conclusion: Review findings also include an adapted Missed Care Model specific to breastfeeding support, which can inform future research related to providers' internal processes that may influence breastfeeding or equitable breastfeeding care. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Missed care can be influenced by a variety of factors, including providers' internal values and beliefs. Study findings suggest the existence of inequities in breastfeeding care and underscore the need to address and eliminate breastfeeding disparities. Impact: This study addressed how patient exposure to best practices in breastfeeding support relates to breastfeeding outcomes and whether exposure and outcomes differ by patient or provider characteristics, connecting this to the Missed Care in Breastfeeding Support Model. The main findings were that higher reported exposure to best practices in breastfeeding support related to improved breastfeeding outcomes; inequities exist in exposure to best practices; and patients and providers identify the importance of providers' internal processes in the delivery of breastfeeding support, which aligns with the Missed Care in Breastfeeding Support Model. Study findings will have the potential to impact how nurses, lactation consultants and other providers who deliver breastfeeding support in the postpartum hospital setting. Reporting Method: The authors adhered to relevant 2020 PRISMA reporting guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the occupational field, the post-COVID-19 era is characterized by a deterioration of employees' psychological health, and the "Great Resignation," or "Big Quit," leading to labor shortages in some activity sectors. In this context, identifying the factors of workers' psychological health and staff retention on which organizations can act is therefore a crucial issue. The new integrative construct of virtuous organizational practices offers promising prospects to address this issue. The aims of this study were twofold. The first was to explore the relationships between virtuous organizational practices on the one hand, and employees' need for recovery and turnover intentions on the other. The second was to test the mediating role of work ability between them. We conducted an empirical study with a sample of 521 individuals working in French organizations. Consistent with our assumptions, structural equation modeling revealed that virtuous organizational practices were negatively associated with employees' need for recovery and turnover intentions. Resampling analyses showed that virtuous organizational practices could provide a protective effect by promoting work ability, which in turn could decrease the need for recovery and turnover intentions. Theoretical contributions, limitations, and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-scale numerical homogenisation strategies have been used in the recent years to efficiently compute the effective elastic properties of heterogeneous materials. Coupled with a stochastic approach, they can be applied to natural material such as wood to take into account the variability of their properties. In the case of Pinus pinaster (Ait.), available elastic properties are based on those of generic softwood species due to a lack of data in the literature, reducing the overall precision of the results. This paper proposes an efficient numerical framework based on both a general numerical homogenisation method and the well-known Monte Carlo approach to determine the equivalent elastic properties at the macroscopic scale, with the associated variability, of the Pinus pinaster (Ait.) species. The coherence of the numerical model is established by comparison with analytical and experimental results available in the literature. The obtained results reveal very good accuracy in terms of equivalent elastic properties with a macroscopic behaviour characterised by an orthotropic symmetry. Moreover, the influence of the distance from the pith on the equivalent macroscopic elastic response is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an experiment with a squiggle game in a design class: a joint drawing activity. The squiggle game, which comes from psychoanalysis, has been adapted to a teaching‐learning situation in order to observe how graphic design practices and skills develop through creativity. The hypothesis is that the game impacts the training of participants, including teachers, by developing their creativity through the co‐construction that occurs between them. A qualitative methodology based on activity theory has been set up, consisting of two phases of experimentation in a vocational training class in France. The results are based on a semiotic and cognitive analysis of the drawing activity through its components and the participants' discourse about their drawings during self‐confrontations. The discussion creates a dialogue between several research paradigms in educational sciences, psychology, and psychoanalysis within artistic disciplines. It leads to the identification of four creativity methods that impact the teaching‐learning processes generated by the squiggle game: the game of abstract random drawing in pairs; the figurative patterns sought through combinations of strokes (complementation); opposition between very strong former and current routines of drawing or behaviours; and rebounding from the other's prompts towards new dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the impact of TikTok on the public's understanding and engagement with psychiatric and psychological concepts. The rise of mental health-related content on social media has been linked to an increase in adults seeking a diagnosis of ADHD (Yeung et al. 2022). By reviewing a case study: the revision of the term "object permanence" from a developmental stage to an attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom, I argue that a looping effect, modeled after Hacking (1999), can explain the pattern of language revision for psychological terms on TikTok. Interviews with TikTok users provide preliminary evidence for this looping effect and the research is contextualized within the broader psychiatric discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, structural colors successfully replace pigment‐based ones. Most of the newly proposed solutions rely on plasmonic systems, so speaking nanosized objects, exhibiting strongly size‐dependent optical properties. As a consequence, the fabrication requires high‐precision and time‐consuming technologies. A concept dealing with sub‐micronic surface features, easily reproducible on a large scale is proposed. The designed metasurface consists of randomly distributed holes serving both as cavity resonators and scatterers. The proposed solution grants an efficient control of the spatial distribution of diffuse light and offers a large palette of vibrant colors. The interferometric model and a two‐layer angular spectrum method provide a solid description of the physical origin of the phenomenon, with a high degree of agreement between simulations and experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Amputation or limb-sparing are the main surgical options for removing the primary tumor in canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA). Usually, these surgeries are complemented by adjuvant therapy to help to prevent metastatic dissemination. However, in some cases, these procedures may not be possible due to various factors such as the limitation of the surgical procedure, the dog's medical condition, or the owner's refusal. Herein, a study was carried out to assess the safety and efficacy of an alternative surgical approach called cementoplasty, which uses a calcium phosphate bone substitute. Involving 12 dogs, the study focused on evaluating its ability to reduce pain and lower the risk of pathological fractures. The results indicated an enhanced quality of life post-treatment, along with a decrease in the incidence/occurrence of pathological fractures. This study highlights cementoplasty as a safe palliative alternative to conservative surgical methods, offering potential benefits in the overall management of canine osteosarcoma. Cementoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that consists of injecting a bone substitute into the tumor lesion to provide bone reinforcement and alleviate pain. This study aimed to demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of cementoplasty with a calcium phosphate cement in osteosarcoma to reduce pain and preserve limb function. Throughout the 6-month study, dogs received no adjuvant therapy, and dogs' evaluations included a clinical examination, monitoring of postoperative complications, radiographic follow-up, and assessment of limb function and pain scores. Out of 12 dogs enrolled, 10 were withdrawn before study completion due to deterioration in their general condition. Nine (9) dogs were followed until D28, six until D56, and two until D183. Compared to D0, more than 50% of the dogs showed improvement in both veterinarian and owner scores at their final visit. Throughout the study, 10 major and 4 minor complications were reported, all unrelated to the procedure. This open non-controlled study provides first evidence of the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of cementoplasty procedure using a calcium phosphate bone cement to relieve pain and preserve limb function in dogs suffering from appendicular osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species distribution models (SDMs) are extensively used to estimate species–environment relationships (SERs) and predict species distribution across space and time. For this purpose, it is key to choose relevant spatial grains for predictor and response variables at the onset of the modelling process. However, environmental variables are often derived from large‐scale climate models at a grain that can be coarser than the one of the response variable. Such area‐to‐point spatial misalignment can bias estimates of SER and jeopardise the robustness of predictions. We used a virtual species approach, running simulations across different levels of area‐to‐point spatial misalignment to seek statistical solutions to this problem. We specifically compared accuracy of SER estimates and predictive performances, assessed across different degrees of spatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions, of three SDMs: a GLM, a spatial GLM and a Berkson error model (BEM) that accounts for fine‐grain environmental heterogeneity within coarse‐grain cells. Only the BEM accurately estimates SER from relatively coarse‐grain environmental data (up to 50 times coarser than the response grain), while the two GLMs provide flattened SER. However, all three models perform poorly when predicting from coarse‐grain data, particularly in environments that are more heterogeneous than the training conditions. Conversely, decreasing environmental heterogeneity relative to the training dataset reduces the predictive biases. Because predictions are made from covariate‐grain data, the BEM displays lower predictive performance than the two GLMs. Thus, standard model selection methods would fail to select the model that best estimates SERs (here, the BEM), which could lead to false interpretations about the environmental drivers of species distributions. Overall, we conclude that the BEM, because it can robustly estimate SER at the response grain, holds great promise to overcome area‐to‐point misalignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this study is to better characterize the features and outcomes of a large population of patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Methods: We performed an observational retrospective multicenter cohort study in France. Patients who fulfilled at least one diagnostic criterion set for MCTD and none of the criteria for other differentiated CTD (dCTD) were included. Results: Three hundred and thirty patients (88% females, median [interquartile range] age of 35 years [26–45]) were included. The diagnostic criteria of Sharp or Kasukawa were met by 97.3% and 93.3% of patients, respectively. None met other classification criteria without fulfilling Sharp or Kasukawa criteria. After a median follow‐up of 8 (3–14) years, 149 (45.2%) patients achieved remission, 92 (27.9%) had interstitial lung disease, 25 (7.6%) had pulmonary hypertension, and 18 (5.6%) died. Eighty‐five (25.8%) patients progressed to a dCTD, mainly systemic sclerosis (15.8%) or systemic lupus erythematosus (10.6%). Median duration between diagnosis and progression to a dCTD was 5 (2–11) years. The presence at MCTD diagnosis of an abnormal pattern on nailfold capillaroscopy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.44, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] [1.11–5.58]) and parotid swelling (OR = 3.86, 95%CI [1.31–11.4]) were statistically associated with progression to a dCTD. Patients who did not progress to a dCTD were more likely to achieve remission at the last follow‐up (51.8% vs. 25.9%). Conclusions: This study shows that MCTD is a distinct entity that can be classified using either Kasukawa or Sharp criteria, and that only 25.8% of patients progress to a dCTD during follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare inherited disease due to the mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired hepatic copper excretion and its pathological accumulation in various organs such as the liver, the nervous system, or the kidneys. Whereas liver failure and neuropsychiatric disorders are the most common features, less is known about the renal complications. We conducted a review of the literature to define the characteristics and pathophysiology of kidney involvement during WD. This review shed light on strong evidence for direct copper toxicity to renal tubular cells. Excessive tubular copper accumulation might present with various degrees of tubular dysfunction, ranging from mild hydroelectrolytic and acid–base disorders to complete Fanconi syndrome. Proximal and distal renal tubular acidosis also favors development of nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and bone metabolism abnormalities. Indirect complications might involve renal hypoperfusion as occurs in hepatorenal or cardiorenal syndrome, but also tubular casts' formation during acute hemolysis, rhabdomyolysis, or bile cast nephropathy. Acute kidney failure is not uncommon in severe WD patients, and independently increases mortality. Finally, specific and long-term therapy by D-penicillamin, one of the most efficient drugs in WD, can cause glomerular injuries, such as membranous nephropathy, minimal-change disease, and, rarely, severe glomerulonephritis. Altogether, our study supports the need for interdisciplinary evaluation of WD patients involving nephrologists, with regular monitoring of tubular and glomerular functions, to provide adequate prevention of renal and bone involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The managerial position affects stress and job satisfaction of workers, but these influences have always been studied separately. Objective: We aimed to assess bivariate influence of the managerial position on workers' stress and job satisfaction and the inter-relationship of these indicators over time. Methods: We have analyzed data from workers who use the Wittyfit software, collected annually between 2018 and 2021. Stress and job satisfaction were evaluated by self-report questionnaires. Job position (manager or employee) was provided by the software's client companies. Results: Data of 704 workers were included in the study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multivariate analyses revealed that managerial position improves job satisfaction (p<0.001), but not stress (p = 0.4). Overall, while workers' job satisfaction has improved (p<0.001), stress has remained stable over time (p = 0.3). Three latent groups, with specific evolutionary multi-trajectory of stress and job satisfaction were identified in the sample (entropy = 0.80). Age and seniority, but not gender tended to influence managers' and employees' indicators. Over time, stress and job satisfaction have tended to negatively interconnect, in cross-section and in a cross-lagged manner (p<0.001). Conclusions: The managerial position improves workers' job satisfaction but has no effect on stress. Sociodemographics including age and seniority, but not gender, can affect this relationship. Stress and job satisfaction can influence each other, both cross-sectionally and over time. To be more effective, organizations should implement holistic strategies targeting multiple indicators. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02596737. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'environnement est un concept qui permet de réinterroger la psychopathologie psychanalytique classique, à commencer par la nature du symptôme et les processus qui le structurent, puis les notions de normal et pathologique. Cet article propose ainsi les principaux axes d'une psychopathologie psychanalytique de l'environnement dans une dimension intersubjective. Nous opérons une lecture et une analyse singulières des théories de Donald W. Winnicott sur l'environnement et des concepts qui lui sont liés, en particulier la dépendance, le self , l'agressivité et la réparation. Puis nous décrivons leurs complémentarités et leurs ruptures avec les théories anglo-saxonnes, comme elles furent portées par Sándor Ferenczi, Mélanie Klein et Michael Balint. Il existe différents types de défaillances selon que l'environnement empiète affectivement et corporellement sur les besoins du nourrisson par la séduction, le tourment ou la disparition. Ce qui importe étant le moment de dépendance durant lequel elles ont lieu, générant soit une privation affective et potentiellement une organisation psychotique ou maniaco-dépressive au moment de la dépendance absolue, soit une déprivation affective et potentiellement une organisation antisociale au moment de la dépendance relative. Les défaillances de l'environnement (Winnicott) peuvent ainsi se retrouver complémentaires aux positions paranoïde-schizoïde et dépressive (Klein), comme aux concepts d'ocnophilie et de philobatisme (Balint). Le concept d'environnement montre également combien c'est la motricité qui constitue une expérience intersubjective dans la construction du self. Chez les parents, elle se manifeste avant tout dans le maintien ordinaire, chez le nourrisson, dans l'agressivité à l'origine de son geste spontané, tout à la fois destructeur et créateur, puis plus largement réparateur dans les environnements familial et social. La régression à la dépendance pourra devenir nécessaire à l'exploration d'expériences primaires inhérentes à l'ensemble individu-environnement et avoir une fonction de réintégration intersubjective. L'esquisse pour une psychopathologie psychanalytique de l'environnement est donc pertinente pour interpréter les souffrances du self comme des « troubles » intersubjectifs et analyser les cas cliniques de régression à la dépendance dans la situation analytique. The environment is a concept that allows us to re-examine classical psychoanalytic psychopathology, starting with the nature of the symptom and the processes that structure it, then the notions of the normal and the pathological. This article thus proposes the main axes of a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment in an intersubjective dimension. We carry out a singular reading and analysis of Donald W. Winnicott's theories on the environment and the concepts related to it, in particular dependence, the self, aggressiveness, and repair. Then we describe their complementarities and their breaks with Anglo-Saxon theories, as developed by Sándor Ferenczi, Melanie Klein, and Michael Balint. There are different types of failures depending on whether the environment impinges affectively and bodily on the needs of the infant through seduction, torment, or disappearance. What matters is the moment of dependence during which they take place, generating either potentially a psychotic or manic-depressive organization at the moment of absolute dependence, or potentially an antisocial organization at the moment of relative dependence. The failures of the environment (Winnicott) can thus be considered complementary to the paranoid-schizoid and depressive positions (Klein), as well as to the concepts of ocnophilia and philobatism (Balint). The concept of environment also shows how motor skills constitute an important intersubjective experience in the construction of the self. In parents, this manifests itself above all in ordinary holding; in infants, in the aggressiveness at the origin of their spontaneous gestures, both destructive and creative, then becoming more broadly restorative in the family and social environments. Regression to dependence may become necessary for the exploration of primary experiences inherent to the individual-environment dyad, and may also have a function of intersubjective reintegration. This sketch for a psychoanalytic psychopathology of the environment is therefore relevant for interpreting the sufferings of the self as intersubjective "disorders" and for analyzing clinical cases of regression to dependence in the analytic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We recruited subjects who reported feeling stressed and needing a break and were seeking an opportunity to experience relaxation. Inaudible binaural beats (BB) were used to measure the ability of BB to induce relaxation. Measurements included EEG, Menlascan (cardiovascular and ANS) (Menla Technologies, Independence, Missouri), and GDV (Gas Discharge Visualization/Kirlian Photography) (Korotkov et al., 2020). Further, a Big Five Character Assessment was administered, and individual Brief Mood Introspection Scales (BMIS) were collected for each condition. Subjects experienced an improvement in brain function, microcirculation or cardiovascular score, bioenergy, and a calmer brain after adding binaural beats to brown noise or to music plus brown noise, although the Menlascan scores and Big Five character assessment results were less conclusive. BB seems to have profound effects on the physiology of subjects, and since the beats were not audible, these effects could not be attributed to the placebo effect. These results are encouraging in terms of developing musical products incorporating BB to affect human neural rhythms and corollary states of consciousness and warrant further research with more subjects and different frequencies of BB and different music tracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, the role of international arbitrators has evolved from dealing with purely private interests to promoting the rule of law worldwide and safeguarding the interests of the international community. Following the armed conflict in Ukraine, a plurality of States has enacted international sanctions against Russia, which are currently impacting the performance of many international contracts. This article analyses the enforcement of international sanctions by international arbitrators as a matter of overriding mandatory public policy rules. This article also draws a new perspective on the subject, by analysing it from two different yet complementary approaches. First, because national courts have supervisory powers at the post-award stage, the reasoning of international arbitrators may depend on whether such international sanctions are regarded as public policy rules within relevant national legal orders. Secondly, because international arbitral tribunals have no forum, their decision regarding the enforcement of international sanctions will depend on the existing legal theories of international arbitration. After comparing the different results under the territorial, multilocal, and transnational approaches, the author advocates for the enforcement of international sanctions against Russia as part of transnational public policy rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pierre Cornelis, a renowned microbiologist, passed away on December 2, 2023. He made significant contributions to the field of microbiology, particularly in the study of Pseudomonas bacteria and their iron uptake pathways. His research provided insights into siderophores and outer membrane transporters, shedding light on iron acquisition mechanisms and their role in microbial competition and pathogenicity. Cornelis also collaborated on projects related to porins and their regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biofilm formation, and the effects of host peptide hormones on the physiology of P. aeruginosa. He was highly respected in the scientific community and held leadership roles in scientific societies and editorial positions. Cornelis will be remembered not only for his academic achievements but also for his kindness, humility, and dedication to advancing scientific knowledge. [Extracted from the article]

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis responsible for highly diverse clinical presentations with a wide range of severity. Variable environment exposures to infected urines of rodents have been described. We report five cases of serologically confirmed leptospirosis leading to hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a French center. These patients displayed neurological, respiratory, and abdominal presentation of leptospirosis with variable level of severity. Either professional, leisure related, or daily living exposures have been retrieved. These cases underline the diversity of clinical presentation and environmental exposure of this infectious disease. They highlight the interest of an exhaustive anamnesis with collection of professional activity, environmental exposures, and leisure activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine and explain the principal sources of stress among preclinical and clinical dental undergraduate students with a particular focus on the stressors linked to endodontics. Methodology: A mixed‐methods study, with an explanatory sequential design, was employed. Volunteer students of second, third and fourth years were asked to complete both the Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire and a bespoke questionnaire for endodontic‐related stress assessment, which had 21 questions in common with the DES. The results were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Marginal Homogeneity tests. In the second part of the study, a qualitative phase was conducted through focus group interviews of students from each academic year included in the study. Interviews were analysed by inductive content analysis. Results: The DES questionnaire determined that for all years the most stressful domains were 'performance pressure', 'workload' and 'clinical training'. According to the endodontic stress questionnaire, the most stressful domains were 'self‐efficacy beliefs', 'endodontic clinical training' and 'faculty and administration' in early years, while they were 'endodontic patient treatment', 'performance pressure in endodontics' and 'clinical training' in later years. Comparing questions common to both questionnaires revealed that the stress score was lower for the endodontic stress questionnaire than in the DES questionnaire for 17 questions, being significantly lower for 13 questions (p < 0.05) and significantly higher for no question. The qualitative study showed that students' dental and endodontic‐related stress was linked to different domains: patient, clinical procedure, organization, staff, academic education, evaluation and COVID‐19‐related issues. Qualitative aspects highlighted the important role that patients and COVID‐19 have played in student stress. However, they suggested a possible explanation for the lower endodontic stress observed in this dental university hospital, which was based on: the nature of the teaching in endodontics, the consensus between endodontic supervisors, the use of a logical, progressive procedure and the considerable experience that students gain over the years. Conclusion: Students considered endodontics stressful; however, education can play a central role in reducing stress, particularly during the early parts of the undergraduate course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La réforme du 3e cycle des études médicales de 2017 a introduit le concept d'autonomie supervisée avec la création d'un nouveau statut de docteur junior (DJ). L'objectif de ce travail était d'interroger la première promotion de DJ de médecine interne et immunologie clinique (MIIC) concernant le déroulement et la mise en place de cette dernière année d'internat. Les DJ du diplôme d'études spécialisées de MIIC étaient invités à répondre à une enquête en ligne anonyme, sollicités par mail et via les réseaux sociaux. Le questionnaire a recueilli 36 réponses sur une cinquantaine de DJ estimés. La majorité des DJ consacrait plus de 70 % de leur temps en hospitalisation conventionnelle et moins de 20 % en hospitalisation programmée. La majorité aurait aimé faire davantage de consultation et d'avis. Le temps de travail hebdomadaire n'était pas respecté pour la majorité des DJ. Les temps de formation académiques et personnels n'étaient pas respectés pour 77,8 % d'entre eux. Au total, 75 % étaient satisfaits de l'autonomisation et 88,6 % estimaient que la transition avec le post-internat serait plus aisée grâce à la phase de consolidation. Un tiers rapportait que leur stage avait confirmé leur appréhension à exercer en tant qu'interniste voire que celle-ci pouvait remettre en question leur exercice futur. Cette enquête est un premier état des lieux concernant la mise en place de l'année de DJ dans le DES de MIIC. Un travail collectif autour de cette dernière année d'internat semble être indispensable pour garantir l'épanouissement personnel et professionnel des jeunes internistes. The 2017 reform of the 3rd cycle of medical studies introduced the concept of supervised autonomy with the creation of a new junior doctor (JD) status. The aim of this work was to interview the first class of JDs in internal medicine and clinical immunology (IMCI) regarding the progress and implementation of this final year of internship. The IMCI JDs were invited to complete an anonymous online survey, contacted by email and social networks. The questionnaire received 36 responses out of an estimated fifty JDs. The majority of JDs spent more than 70% of their time on conventional hospitalisation and less than 20% on scheduled hospitalisation. Most of them would have preferred to do more consultations and provide expert counsels. Weekly working hours were not respected for the majority of JDs. Personal education and academic formation were not respected for 77.8% of JDs. Overall, 75% were satisfied with their empowerment and 88.6% felt that the transition to post residency would be easier with the consolidation phase. A third reported that their residency had confirmed their apprehension about practising as an internist, and even that this apprehension might call into question their future practice. This survey is an initial assessment of the implementation of the JD year in the IMCI residency. A collective effort around this last year of internship seems to be essential to ensure the personal and professional development of young internists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the shear rheological behavior of a commercial stereolithography paste containing ≈ 50 vol. % of zirconia particles (diameter ≈ 100 nm) with the aim to clarify physical mechanisms occurring during the "scraping" step of this yield stress fluid. Beyond a flow curve characterized by a high zero-shear viscosity accompanied with an overall shear-thinning behavior, we investigate in a systematic way the transient regime through start-up experiments. We demonstrate that a structural transition occurs between 10 − 2 and 10−1 s−1, resulting in an apparent interruption of the shear-thinning. The corresponding transient response presents a pronounced extra-growth of the shear stress before to stabilize at high strain amplitude and a negative first normal stress difference peak, both effects become stronger at higher shear rates. These observations are rationalized based on the high interparticle friction owing to the polyhedral shape and the roughness of the particles. In addition, relaxation tests following the start-up experiments reveal that the samples submitted to shear rates higher than 10−1 s−1 cannot relax the shear stress to the same level as in low shear rate experiments, suggesting a durable structural modification likely to impact the quality of the parts prior to their debinding and densification. Finally, we utilize orthogonal superposition rheology to illustrate how the application of an oscillatory deformation during the scraping procedure could help to reduce the shear-thinning interruption and improve the stereolithography processing as already observed empirically during scraping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal considerations affect the performance of most microsystems. Although surface techniques can give information on the thermal properties within the material or about buried heat sources and defects, mapping temperature and thermal properties in three dimension (3D) is critical and has not been addressed yet. Infrared thermography, commonly used for opaque materials, is not adapted to semi-transparent samples such as microfluidic chips or semiconductor materials in the infrared range. This work aims at answering these needs by using the variations of transmittance with temperature to obtain information on the temperature within the thickness of the sample. We use a tunable mid-infrared light source combined with an infrared camera to measure these variations of transmittance in a glass wafer. We couple this technique with a thermal model to extract the thermotransmittance coefficient—the coefficient of temperature variation of the transmittance. We then introduce a semiempirical model based on Lorentz oscillators to estimate the temperature-dependent optical properties of our sample in the mid-IR spectral range. Combined with the measurement, this paper reports the spectroscopic behavior of the thermotransmittance coefficient in the mid-IR range and a way to predict it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of this article respond to comments made by Dechosal et al. regarding the classification of mixed connective tissue diseases (MCTDs) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). Dechosal et al. propose that a lower point threshold based on non-immunologic parameters from the ACR/EULAR 2013 criteria might be sufficient to classify a patient as SSc. However, the authors argue that anti-U1RNP antibodies are not specific to SSc and should not be considered SSc-specific. They also disagree with lumping MCTD and SSc under the same name, as their study shows that not every MCTD patient evolves into SSc. [Extracted from the article]

The International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC), begun in 1966, conducted the first international collaborative randomized blinded controlled trial in pediatric nephrology and one of the first in either pediatrics or nephrology. For this trial, the ISKDC developed the criteria, such as those for response and relapse, used today to describe the clinical course of the nephrotic syndrome, and the trial generated the nephropathologic terminology and criteria which largely remain the current standards. Over an approximately 20-year span, the ISKDC followed the natural history and evaluated the therapeutic effectiveness of therapies in over 500 children with the nephrotic syndrome from three continents. It published 14 peer-reviewed studies and several reports and commentaries, many of which helped create current standards of practice for therapy of childhood nephrotic syndrome and consequently remain highly cited today. The ISKDC continues to be an important model for subsequent collaborative studies and was the impetus for the development of regional and national pediatric nephrology societies leading to the recognition and growth of pediatric nephrology as a separate subspecialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MUTYH polyposis or Lynch syndrome, are particularly predisposing to the development of colorectal cancer. These situations have necessitated the development of adapted prevention strategies based largely on reinforced endoscopic surveillance and the search for complementary prevention strategies. This is the case for chemoprevention, which is the long-term administration of chemical agents limiting carcinogenesis, used as primary or secondary prophylaxis. The aim of this review is to present the available literature and the latest advances in chemoprevention in patients with FAP or MUTYH and other polyposis as well as in patients with Lynch syndrome. The main conclusions of the few available guidelines in these situations are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fetal infection during labor with fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) is associated with neurodevelopmental disabilities, cerebral palsy, neonatal sepsis, and mortality. Current methods to diagnose FIRS are inadequate. Thus, the study aim was to explore whether fetal heart rate variability (HRV) analysis can be used to detect FIRS. Material and methods: In chronically instrumented near-term fetal sheep, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intravenously to model FIRS. A control group received saline solution injection. Hemodynamic, blood gas analysis, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 14 HRV indices were recorded for 6 h. In both groups, comparisons were made between the stability phase and the 6 h following injection (H1–H6, respectively) and between LPS and control groups. Results: Fifteen lambs were instrumented. In the LPS group (n = 8), IL-6 increased significantly after LPS injection (p < 0.001), confirming the FIRS model. Fetal heart rate increased significantly after H5 (p < 0.01). In our FIRS model without shock or cardiovascular decompensation, five HRV measures changed significantly after H2 until H4 in comparison to baseline. Moreover, significant differences between LPS and control groups were observed in HRV measures between H2 and H4. These changes appear to be mediated by an increase of global variability and a loss of signal complexity. Conclusion: As significant HRV changes were detected before FHR increase, these indices may be valuable for early detection of acute FIRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite significant advances in renal physiology, the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to increase. The emergence of multicellular organisms gave rise to increasing complexity of life resulting in trade-offs reflecting ancestral adaptations to changing environments. Three evolutionary traits shape CKD over the lifespan: 1) variation in nephron number at birth, 2) progressive nephron loss with aging, and 3) adaptive kidney growth in response to decreased nephron number. Although providing plasticity in adaptation to changing environments, the cell cycle must function within constraints dictated by available energy. Prioritized allocation of energy available through the placenta can restrict fetal nephrogenesis, a risk factor for CKD. Moreover, nephron loss with aging is a consequence of cell senescence, a pathway accelerated by adaptive nephron hypertrophy that maintains metabolic homeostasis at the expense of increased vulnerability to stressors. Driven by reproductive fitness, natural selection operates in early life but diminishes thereafter, leading to an exponential increase in CKD with aging, a product of antagonistic pleiotropy. A deeper understanding of the evolutionary constraints on the cell cycle may lead to manipulation of the balance between progenitor cell renewal and differentiation, regulation of cell senescence, and modulation of the balance between cell proliferation and hypertrophy. Application of an evolutionary perspective may enhance understanding of adaptation and maladaptation by nephrons in the progression of CKD, leading to new therapeutic advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene expression is the synthesis of proteins from the information encoded on DNA. One of the two main steps of gene expression is the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide sequences of amino acids. Here, by taking into account mRNA degradation, we model the motion of ribosomes along mRNA with a ballistic model where particles advance along a filament without excluded volume interactions. Unidirectional models of transport have previously been used to fit the average density of ribosomes obtained by the experimental ribo-sequencing (Ribo-seq) technique in order to obtain the kinetic rates. The degradation rate is not, however, accounted for and experimental data from different experiments are needed to have enough parameters for the fit. Here, we propose an entirely novel experimental setup and theoretical framework consisting in splitting the mRNAs into categories depending on the number of ribosomes from one to four. We solve analytically the ballistic model for a fixed number of ribosomes per mRNA, study the different regimes of degradation, and propose a criterion for the quality of the inverse fit. The proposed method provides a high sensitivity to the mRNA degradation rate. The additional equations coming from using the monosome (single ribosome) and polysome (arbitrary number) ribo-seq profiles enable us to determine all the kinetic rates in terms of the experimentally accessible mRNA degradation rate. Author summary: Genetic translation, involving the transport of ribosomes, is one of the main steps of genetic expression. The molecular mechanisms that regulate ribosome motion along messenger RNA (mRNA) remain to be elucidated. Ribo-sequencing experiments are now capable of providing access to the gene-dependent density of ribosomes along mRNA. The physical modeling of ribosome motion is carried out using 1D transport models, such as TASEP-like ones, which enables one to obtain the kinetic (initiation and elongation) rates from the Ribo-seq densities. Currently used methods, however, do not allow access to mRNA degradation rates and previous experiments lack input to perform a self-consistent quantitative analysis. Here, we propose a new experimental and modeling protocol to obtain the kinetic rates (including mRNA degradation) with better accuracy. Ribo-seq is performed after splitting the mRNA population into groups that depend on the number of translating ribosomes (from 1 to 4). We thus obtain four Ribo-seq profiles per gene properly normalized without requiring independent experiments. We show that these low ribosome number profiles display a higher sensitivity to mRNA degradation than the full polysome profile and discuss the biological translation regimes of several organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In July 2017, the Department of Defense formalized its Global Health Engagement (GHE) policy and program with the publication of DOD Instruction (DODI) 2000.30, Global Health Engagement (GHE) Activities. As the sole service providing veterinary service support, a critical need existed for the Army Veterinary Corps (VC) to develop veterinary support of GHE capability to deliver Veterinary Corps Officers (VCO) prepared to support GHE missions across all Services. This article examines the underlying strategy for the deliberate development of a GHE support capability within the VC, beginning with a RAND Corporation study in 2008 to the culmination in 2022 of finalizing a VCO authorization at the last remaining Army Service Component Command aligned under a Geographic Combatant Command without one. Recommendations are offered for future capability development, particularly at the strategic echelon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic created many challenges for the Department of Defense when attempting to support the necessary feeding systems for troop movements associated with COVID-19 emergency responses and maintain a safe food supply for other DOD beneficiaries. Throughout the pandemic, routine operating processes and systems in the food protection program proved impractical and sometimes insufficient to meet mission requirements. In many cases, food protection policy and procedural requirements were unknown to primary recipients of this support. The Food Protection working group of the Veterinary Services COVID-19 Operational Planning Team solicited lessons learned toward the end of the primary pandemic response to document and improve the DOD's food protection emergency response program. This article summarizes these lessons learned, including analysis and recommended actions to sustain or improve food protection support in response to emergency pandemic situations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a leading cause of death in MCTD. We aimed to describe PAH in well-characterized MCTD patients. Methods MCTD patients enrolled in the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry with a PAH diagnosis confirmed by right heart catheterization were included in the study and compared with matched controls: MCTD patients without PAH, SLE patients with PAH and SSc patients with PAH. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and risk factors for PAH in MCTD patients and risk factors for mortality in MCTD-PAH were sought using multivariate analyses. Results Thirty-six patients with MCTD-PAH were included in the study. Comparison with MCTD patients without PAH and multivariate analysis revealed that pericarditis, polyarthritis, thrombocytopenia, interstitial lung disease (ILD) and anti-Sm antibodies were independent predictive factors of PAH/PH in MCTD. Estimated survival rates at 1, 5 and 10 years following PAH diagnosis were 83%, 67% and 56%, respectively. MCTD-PAH presentation and survival did not differ from SLE-PAH and SSc-PAH. Multivariate analysis revealed that tobacco exposure was an independent factor predictive of mortality in MCTD-PAH. Conclusion PAH is a rare and severe complication of MCTD associated with a 56% 10-year survival. We identified ILD, pericarditis, thrombocytopenia and anti-Sm antibodies as risk factors for PAH in MCTD and tobacco exposure as a predictor of mortality in MCTD-PAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alumina (α‐Al2O3) is one of the major ceramic oxides commonly used for its advanced mechanical properties. Since recently, nanoscale α‐Al2O3 requires more in‐depth characterization related to ceramic powder compaction and sintering as well as for applications in the field of biomedical engineering. In this study, we use classical molecular dynamics simulations with a 2/3‐body interatomic potential to investigate the mechanical response and the elementary deformation processes of α‐Al2O3 nanoparticles under compression. Results show that α‐Al2O3 nanoparticles resist up to particularly elevated critical force before yielding due to a surface nucleation process including various kinds of dislocations and nanotwins strongly sensitive to orientation and temperature. Results are rationalized in terms of stacking‐fault energy and shear stress analysis and are discussed in the light of recent micromechanical tests as well as more fundamental observations performed in the bulk material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects >10% of the world population, with increasing prevalence in middle age. The risk for CKD is dependent on the number of functioning nephrons through the life cycle, and 50% of nephrons are lost through normal aging, revealing their vulnerability to internal and external stressors. Factors responsible for CKD remain poorly understood, with limited availability of biomarkers or effective therapy to slow progression. This review draws on the disciplines of evolutionary medicine and bioenergetics to account for the heterogeneous nephron injury that characterizes progressive CKD following episodes of acute kidney injury with incomplete recovery. The evolution of symbiosis in eukaryotes led to the efficiencies of oxidative phosphorylation and the rise of metazoa. Adaptations to ancestral environments are the products of natural selection that have shaped the mammalian nephron with its vulnerabilities to ischemic, hypoxic, and toxic injury. Reproductive fitness rather than longevity has served as the driver of evolution, constrained by available energy and its allocation to homeostatic responses through the life cycle. Metabolic plasticity has evolved in parallel with robustness necessary to preserve complex developmental programs, and adaptations that optimize survival through reproductive years can become maladaptive with aging, reflecting antagonistic pleiotropy. Consequently, environmental stresses promote trade-offs and mismatches that result in cell fate decisions that ultimately lead to nephron loss. Elucidation of the bioenergetic adaptations by the nephron to ancestral and contemporary environments may lead to the development of new biomarkers of kidney disease and new therapies to reduce the global burden of progressive CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La manipulation des anticancéreux dans les services d'oncologie médicale est multiple et quotidienne. Ces médicaments peuvent être destinés à la voie orale, mais sont principalement administrés par voie intraveineuse. La directive européenne 2022/431 réglemente l'utilisation des agents mutagènes et cancérigènes, ainsi que les substances reprotoxiques en incluant les médicaments. L'exposition des professionnels de santé à ces derniers lors de leur manipulation se fait principalement par absorption cutanée et elle est possible tout au long du circuit, de la réception à la pharmacie jusqu'à la gestion des excreta du patient et des déchets. Les risques sont différents en fonction de la molécule, mais des mesures de protection collective et individuelle permettent de limiter l'exposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imeglimin (PXL008, EMD-387008, Twymeeg®) is a first-in-class novel oral hypoglycemic agent, launched in Japan, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its mechanism of action targets mitochondrial bioenergetics to ameliorate insulin resistance and to enhance β-cell function. This review summarizes the properties underlying the pharmacokinetic profile of imeglimin, a small cationic drug belonging to the tetrahydrotriazine chemical class, with a complex mechanism of absorption involving an active transport through organic cation transporters (OCTs). Imeglimin absorption decreases when dose increases due to the saturation of the active uptake transport. Post absorption, imeglimin is rapidly and primarily distributed to organs and tissues, and has a half-life ranging from 9.03 to 20.2 h. Plasma protein binding of imeglimin is low, which explains the rapid distribution to the organs observed in all species. Imeglimin is excreted unchanged in urine, indicating a low extent of metabolism. Imeglimin is a substrate of multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) 2-K and a substrate and inhibitor of OCT1, OCT2, and MATE1. Clinical drug–drug interaction studies confirmed the absence of relevant clinical interaction with substrates or inhibitors of these transporters. Overall, the drug–drug interaction potential of imeglimin is low. Its pharmacokinetics profile has also been characterized in special populations, showing no influence of mild and moderate hepatic impairment but an impact of renal function on imeglimin renal clearance. Dosage adjustment is thus required in moderately and severely renally impaired patients. Imeglimin pharmacokinetics was shown to be insensitive to ethnicity and food intake and to have no effect on QTcF interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]