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Due to its widespread availability and spontaneity, moisture electricity generation (MEG) holds unique advantages in self‐powered systems. However, it faces challenges, including the limitations of relying on a single kind of power generation and insufficient output performance. Inspired by the mechanisms of water absorption of plants, this paper explores a light‐moisture coordinated electricity generating hydrogel (L‐MEGH) device with flexible, scalable, and highly efficient energy conversion performance, which is obtained through the UV polymerization of hydrophilic acrylamide (AAM) and phytic acid (PA) in the presence of photosensitizers. The obtained hydrogel demonstrates superior moisture absorption and remarkable electricity generation stability across a range of humidity conditions. Notably, the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the L‐MEGH increased from 0.675 to 0.838 V after the addition of photosensitizers (Erythrosin B, E) (the significant enhancement, up to 24%), and the short‐circuit current (Isc) reaching 635.543 µA. This L‐MEGH can realize stable electrical output even under extreme temperatures, producing 0.5 V at −20 °C for 45 h. The scalable L‐MEGHs (connected on‐demand in series/parallel) can power various commercial electronics, including nighttime illumination, mobile phones, and health monitoring sensors. This work pioneers a sustainable power generation pathway capable of enhancing performance through the hybrid collection of multiple natural energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guideline concordant opioid therapy is a key part of the concerted effort to address the opioid crisis in the United States. The study aimed to compare the rates of guideline concordant care between veterans who solely used VA services (mono users) and veterans who used both VA services and community care (dual-system users). We used electronic health record data from the Washington DC and Baltimore VA Medical Centers from 2015 to 2019. We provided descriptive statistics as well as generalized estimating equations models to find associations between mono vs. dual-system users and each guideline outcome, controlling for demographic factors and comorbid conditions. The study found that overall rates of guideline concordant care were high in both mono and dual-system users with over 90% adherence rates for the majority of recommendations. However, there were variations in adherence to specific guidelines, with urine drug screening at initiation being the least commonly followed recommendation (8.9% of mono-user opioid initiators and 11.2% of dual-user initiators). This study also found that there was no consistent pattern of higher guideline adherence in mono vs. dual-system users but did show that through the course of this study (2015–2019) overall rates of guideline concordance increased. Future research will explore additional guideline recommendations and potential coordination issues among dual-system users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suppurative perichondritis of the auricle is a common disease that can easily cause malformations if it develops into an uncontrolled infection. In nearly half of the cases, otolaryngologists cannot identify the pathogens involved. Case presentation: In the present work, we described two cases of pyogenic perichondritis, with negative on conventional culture. However, using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), we detected fungal infections in the patients and after the patients were given anti-fungal treatment, the patients achieved a good prognosis. Conclusions: These cases highlighted the possibility that fungi might be the involved pathogens in patients who have had multiple negative bacterial cultures, and mNGS should be applied in these cases. mNGS could be used as a supplement to traditional culture methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By depositing a dielectric fiber on top of 3D Dirac semi‐metal (DSM) and Au layers, the tunable propagation properties of hybrid modes are systematically investigated in the mid‐infrared regime, including the effects of the temperatures, the Fermi levels, and rotation angles. Interestingly, due to the importance of inter‐band transition in the mid‐infrared spectral regime, a strong temperature related epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) phenomenon has manifested near the transition frequency. Namely, below room temperature, the real part of the effective refractive index (propagation length) shows a peak (valley). Particularly, at 77 K, the according abruption ratio (ratio of maximum to minimum in ENZ region) is 9.71 (204.1). Additionally, the propagation properties are also closely associated with the Fermi level. When the Fermi level varies in the range of 0.08–0.15 eV, the peak position of the real part of the effective refractive index shifts blue from 21.3 to 38.2 THz, and the according abruption ratio of the propagation length can be modulated in the range of 3.81–45.3. These results are very useful for designing tunable plasmonic devices, such as cutting‐edge modulator, filter, and resonators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is the second most prevalent Gram-negative bacterium causing bloodstream infections (BSIs). In recent years, the management of BSIs caused by KP has become increasingly complex due to the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). Although numerous studies have explored the risk factors for the development of CRKP-BSIs, the mortality of patients with KP-BSIs, and the molecular epidemiological characteristics of CRKP, the variability in data across different populations, countries, and hospitals has led to inconsistent conclusions. In this single-center retrospective observational study, we utilized logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for CRKP-BSIs and factors associated with mortality in KP-BSI patients. Furthermore, a risk factor-based prediction model was developed. CRKP isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS), followed by an evaluation of microbiological characteristics, including antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, as well as epidemiological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Results: Our study included a total of 134 patients with KP-BSIs, comprising 50 individuals infected with CRKP and 84 with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP). The independent risk factors for CRKP-BSIs were identified as gastric catheterization (OR = 9.143; CI = 1.357–61.618; P = 0.023), prior ICU hospitalization (OR = 4.642; CI = 1.312–16.422; P = 0.017), and detection of CRKP in non-blood sites (OR = 8.112; CI = 2.130-30.894; P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that microbiologic eradication after 6 days (OR = 3.569; CI = 1.119–11.387; P = 0.032), high Pitt bacteremia score (OR = 1.609; CI = 1.226–2.111; P = 0.001), and inappropriate empirical treatment after BSIs (OR = 6.756; CI = 1.922–23.753; P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for the 28-day mortality in KP-BSIs. The prediction model confirmed that microbiologic eradication after 6.5 days and a Pitt bacteremia score of 4.5 or higher were significant predictors of the 28-day mortality. Bioinformatics analysis identified ST11 as the predominant CRKP sequence type, with blaKPC−2 as the most prevalent gene variant. CRKP stains carried multiple plasmid-mediated resistance genes along with some virulence genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of nosocomial transmission of ST11 CRKP within the ICU. Conclusions: The analysis of risk factors for developing CRKP-BSIs and the association between KP-BSIs and 28-day mortality, along with the development of a risk factor-based prediction model and the characterization of CRKP strains, enhances clinicians' understanding of the pathogens responsible for BSIs. This understanding may help in the timely administration of antibiotic therapy for patients with suspected KP-BSIs, potentially improving outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional materials have demonstrated strong potential for use in diverse flexible strain sensors for wearable electronic device applications. However, the limited contact area in the sensing layer, caused by the low specific surface area of typical nanomaterials, hinders the pursuit of high-performance strain-sensor applications. Herein, we report an efficient method for synthesizing TiO2-based nanocomposite materials by directly using industrial raw materials with ultrahigh specific surface areas that can be used for strain sensors. A kinetic study of the self-seeded thermal hydrolysis sulfate process was conducted for the controllable synthesis of pure TiO2 and related TiO2/graphene composites. The hydrolysis readily modified the crystal form and morphology of the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles, and the prepared composite samples possessed a uniform nanoporous structure. Experiments demonstrated that the TiO2/graphene composite can be used in strain sensors with a maximum Gauge factor of 252. In addition, the TiO2/graphene composite-based strain sensor showed high stability by continuously operating over 1,000 loading cycles and aging tests over three months. It also shows that the fabricated strain sensors have the potential for human voice recognition by characterizing letters, words, and musical tones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Language assumes a significant role in communication and expression, especially in cinematic and television productions. Despite the widespread popularity of the American animated series, Rick and Morty has not been extensively explored within the field of language and linguistics. This paper addresses this gap by examining the linguistic dimension of Rick and Morty, featuring the deceptive discourse of the character Rick C-137 in Season 1. With McCornack’s Information Manipulation Theory (IMT) as the theoretical foundation, this study aims to achieve 2 objectives: (i) investigate the dimensions in which information are manipulated by Rick C-137 in his deceptive messages and (ii) analyse the methods employed by Rick C-137 in his deceptive discourse. To achieve these objectives, qualitative content analysis is utilised on the transcripts of all 11 episodes of Rick and Morty Season 1. The findings of the study discover that Rick C-137 manipulates information along all four dimensions throughout the season: quantity, quality, relation and manner. Furthermore, the analysis unveils two distinct methods of information manipulation employed by Rick C-137: (i) manipulation along a single dimension and (ii) manipulation along two dimensions. While contributing to the knowledge pertaining to linguistic manipulation in Rick and Morty Season 1, these observations also offer valuable insights to the intricate world of deceptive communication within the context of animated series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as the leading cause of dementia, imposing a significant economic toll on society. Despite the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches for AD, their efficacy and safety mandates further validation through rigorous clinical trials. In this context, hypertension (HTN) has garnered considerable attention as an amendable risk factor for AD. Research indicates that hypertension during midlife is associated with an elevated risk of AD in later years, influencing both the onset and progression of the disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between AD and hypertension in the later stages of life remains a subject of debate. Moreover, the consequences of blood pressure reduction on cognitive function, along with the optimal pharmacological interventions and therapeutic thresholds for hypertension, have emerged as pivotal areas of inquiry. This review synthesizes findings on epidemiology, neuroimaging, and biomarkers, and the effects of antihypertensive medications to elucidate the link between hypertension and cognitive performance. We particularly investigate how hypertension and AD are related by plasma sulfide dysregulation, offering possible indicators for future diagnosis and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. This study aims to explore whether helping behavior is always beneficial for alleviating depression or if there is a "moderation is the key" effect. Materials and Methods. This study focused on a sample of 7,436 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD‐10) was used to identify the presence of depression. Linear mixed model and Quasi‐Bayesian estimation methods were used to explore the mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between helping behavior and depression, as well as the moderating effects of the instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). Additionally, we employed the Johnson–Neyman technique to visualize the moderating effect of IADL. Results. Helping behavior shows a negative correlation with depression (B = −0.170, p = 0.020), where life satisfaction fully mediates this relationship (effect = −0.055, 95% confidence interval = −0.088 to −0.022). Moreover, the association between helping behavior and life satisfaction is moderated by IADL (B = −0.047, p < 0.001). Specifically, when IADL is below 0.56, helping behavior positively impacts life satisfaction. In contrast, when IADL exceeds 1.99, helping behavior has a detrimental effect on life satisfaction. Conclusions. This study highlights the significant positive impact of helping behavior on depression alleviation, which is achieved by increasing life satisfaction. Notably, although helping behavior has positive effects on individuals, not everyone can benefit directly from it. Only those without functional limitations are more likely to experience the benefits of such behavior. Therefore, when policymakers and researchers develop strategies to encourage individuals in helping behavior to combat depression, they should consider two key approaches. First, life satisfaction should be used as an important indicator in the treatment of depression, allowing for timely adjustments to ensure the effectiveness and individualization of treatment plans. Second, the principle of "moderation is the key" should be prioritized, ensuring that helping behavior can maximize its benefits and help individuals emerge from the shadows of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The non-phytate phosphorous (NPP) requirements of laying hens vary significantly at different stages of growth and development due to their differing physiological characteristics. Non-linear models and factorial methods are often used to estimate the nutritional requirements of animals at different stages of growth. In this study, the NPP requirement of Chinese Jing Tint 6 layer chicks from hatch to d 42 was evaluated using both a non-linear model and factorial method. The non-linear models were fitted based on the criterion of growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, bone characteristics, and phosphorus utilization. The factorial methods were used to classify the requirements of the layer chicks into growth requirements and maintenance requirements. Based on the current results, it was recommended that dietary 0.367% and 0.439% NPP benefit from the best P utilization of 1–14 and 15–42 d birds, respectively. By predicting the nutritional needs of poultry at different stages as accurately as possible, the model can help formulate more scientific and reasonable feed formulation. We aimed to estimate the non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) requirements of Chinese Jing Tint 6 layer chicks. We randomly allocated 720 birds to five treatments with six cages of 24 birds each, feeding them a corn–soybean diet containing 0.36%, 0.41%, 0.46%, 0.51%, and 0.56% NNP. The results showed that the body weight gain (BWG), tibial length, and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients (ATTDC) of P were affected (p < 0.05) by dietary NPP level. A quadratic broken-line analysis (p < 0.05) of BWG indicated that the optimal NPP for birds aged 1–14 d was 0.411%. Similarly, 0.409% of NPP met tibial growth needs. However, 0.394% of NPP was optimal for P utilization according to the ATTDC criterion. For 15–42 d birds, 0.466% NPP, as estimated by the BWG criterion, was sufficient for optimal growth without decreasing P utilization. Using the factorial method, NPP requirements were calculated as 0.367% and 0.439%, based on the maintenance factors and BWG for 1–14 and 15–42 d birds, respectively, to maintain normal growth. Combining the non-linear model with the factorial method, this study recommends dietary NPP levels of 0.367% and 0.439% for 1–14 and 15–42 d birds, respectively, to optimize P utilization without affecting performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global changes cause widespread forest fragmentation, which, in turn, has given rise to many ecological problems; this is especially true if the forest carbon stock is profoundly impacted by fragmentation levels. However, the way in which forest carbon uptake changes with different fragmentation levels and the main pathway through which fragmentation affects forest carbon uptake are still unclear. Remote sensing data, vegetation photosynthesis models, and fragmentation models were employed to generate a time series GPP (gross primary productivity) dataset, as well as forest fragmentation levels for forest landscapes in Zhejiang province, China. We analyzed GPP variation with forest fragmentation levels and identified the relative importance of the phenology (carbon uptake period—CUP) and physiology (maximum daily GPP—GPPmax) control pathways of GPP under different fragmentation levels. The results showed that the normalized mean annual GPP data of highly fragmented forests during the period from 2000 to 2018 were significantly higher than those of other fragmentation levels, while there was almost no significant difference in the annual GPP trend of forest landscapes with all fragmentation levels. Moreover, the percentage area of the control variable, GPPmax, gradually increased with fragmentation levels; the mean GPPmax between 2000 and 2018 of high-level fragmentation was higher than that of other fragmentation levels. Our results demonstrate that the carbon uptake capacity per unit area was enhanced in highly fragmented forest areas, and the maximum photosynthetic capacity (physiology-based process) played an important role in controlling carbon uptake, especially in highly fragmented forest landscapes. Our study calls for a better and deeper understanding of the potential of forest carbon uptake, and it is necessary to explore the mechanism by which forest fragmentation changes the vegetation photosynthetic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible photodetectors (PDs) have garnered increasing attention for their potential applications in diverse fields, including weather monitoring, smart robotics, smart textiles, electronic eyes, wearable biomedical monitoring devices, and so on. Notably, perovskite nanostructures have emerged as a promising material for flexible PDs due to their distinctive features, such as a large optical absorption coefficient, tunable band gap, extended photoluminescence decay time, high carrier mobility, low defect density, long exciton diffusion lengths, strong self-trapped effect, good mechanical flexibility, and facile synthesis methods. In this review, we first introduce various synthesis methods for perovskite nanostructures and elucidate their corresponding optical and electrical properties, encompassing quantum dots, nanocrystals, nanowires, nanobelts, nanosheets, single-crystal thin films, polycrystalline thin films, and nanostructured arrays. Furthermore, the working mechanism and key performance parameters of optoelectronic devices are summarized. The review also systematically compiles recent advancements in flexible PDs based on various nanostructured perovskites. Finally, we present the current challenges and prospects for the development of perovskite nanostructures-based flexible PDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This meta‐analysis sought to investigate the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) combined with surgery in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: With time span from January 2010 to December 2022, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases were searched for randomized controlled trials on comparison between NACT combined with surgery and surgery alone in patients with NSCLC. Then a meta‐analysis was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: A total of 1511 studies were retrieved and 12 were finally included. Meta‐analysis results showed that compared with surgery alone, a combination of NACT and surgery was associated with higher treatment response rate (odds ratio, OR = 2.459, 95% confidence interval, CI [1.785, 3.388], P < 0.001), 1‐year survival rate (OR = 2.185, 95% CI [1.608, 2.970], P < 0.001), and 3‐year survival rate (OR = 2.195, 95% CI [1.568, 3.073], P < 0.001) and lower levels of intraoperative blood loss (standardized mean difference, SMD = −0.932, 95% CI [−1.588, −0.275], P = 0.005) and length of hospital stay (SMD = −0.481, 95% CI [−0.933, −0.028], P = 0.037). Conclusion: NACT combined with surgery is superior to surgery alone in the treatment of NSCLC and can promote postoperative recovery. Collectively, such combination is a safe and effective treatment for patients with NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper highlights the significance of vehicle detection in aerial images for surveillance systems, focusing on deep learning methods that outperform traditional approaches. However, the challenge of high computation complexity due to diverse vehicle appearances persists. The motivation behind this study is to highlight the crucial role of vehicle detection in aerial images for surveillance systems, emphasizing the superior performance of deep learning methods compared to traditional approaches. To address this, a lightweight deep neural network-based model is developed, striking a balance between accuracy and efficiency enabling real-time operation. The model is trained and evaluated on a standardized dataset, with extensive experiments demonstrating its ability to achieve accurate vehicle detection with significantly reduced computation costs, offering a practical solution for real-world aerial surveillance scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occlusion or posture change of the face in natural scenes has typical asymmetry; however, an asymmetric face plays a key part in the lack of information available for facial expression recognition. To solve the problem of low accuracy of asymmetric facial expression recognition, this paper proposes a fusion of channel global features and a spatial local information expression recognition network called the "Channel–Spatial Integration Network" (CSINet). First, to extract the underlying detail information and deepen the network, the attention residual module with a redundant information filtering function is designed, and the backbone feature-extraction network is constituted by module stacking. Second, considering the loss of information in the local key area of face occlusion, the channel–spatial fusion structure is constructed, and the channel features and spatial features are combined to enhance the accuracy of occluded facial recognition. Finally, before the full connection layer, more local spatial information is embedded into the global channel information to capture the relationship between different channel–spatial targets, which improves the accuracy of feature expression. Experimental results on the natural scene facial expression data sets RAF-DB and FERPlus show that the recognition accuracies of the modeling approach proposed in this paper are 89.67% and 90.83%, which are 13.24% and 11.52% higher than that of the baseline network ResNet50, respectively. Compared with the latest facial expression recognition methods such as CVT, PACVT, etc., the method in this paper obtains better evaluation results of masked facial expression recognition, which provides certain theoretical and technical references for daily facial emotion analysis and human–computer interaction applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using traditional materials to improve the permeability of silty soils can cause irreversible damage to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly biopolymers, such as xanthan gum (XG), to replace traditional materials to improve resistance to water erosion by reducing the permeability coefficient. In this study, a series of permeability tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were conducted on xanthan gum-improved silty soil (XGS). The variations in the permeability coefficient of XG-improved silty soil and the effects of initial dry density, XG-soil ratio, and curing age on the permeability were investigated. Test results show that the permeability coefficient of XGS decreased with the increase of initial dry density, XG-soil ratio, and curing age. With increasing the initial dry density, soil particles compressed against each other, decreasing the actual water flow crossing area, which leads to a decrease in the permeability coefficient. With the increase of the XG-soil ratio, the fill-blocking effect of xanthan gum with hydrogel connections becomes more and more obvious, which leads to a reduction in the permeability coefficient. Xanthan gum hydration takes time, and a lot of crystals are produced in XGS as the curing age increases; these crystals fill larger pores, resulting in the permeability coefficient decrease. At last, a model was developed to predict the permeability coefficient of XG-improved silty soil by using the initial dry density, XG-soil ratio, and curing age. The model can be used to rapidly predict the permeability coefficient of the improved silty soil under different conditions. This research can provide a scientific basis for the safe and scientific application of xanthan gum in seepage damage control and prevention projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: During the transition period, dairy cows mobilize fat reserves to produce non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) as an additional energy source to meet the energy demands for fetal growth, calving, and lactation. However, high levels of serum NEFAs result in increased oxidative stress and disease incidence, and impairment of the immune function of leukocytes in cows. Vitamin E is a critical fat-soluble antioxidant that reduces the impact of oxidative stress on immune cells and enhances the functioning of immune cells during the transition period. In this in vitro study, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were isolated from dry cows to investigate the effects of high NEFA levels on bovine peripheral leukocytes and to explore the protective role of vitamin E through pre-treatment. The findings indicate that high levels of NEFA induce oxidative stress in PBLs and alterations in cytokine expression, while pre-treatment with vitamin E partially mitigates NEFA effects on bovine PBLs. This may suggest that a serious negative energy balance leads to oxidative stress on immune cells and induces changes in inflammation-related cytokines during cows' transition period. Supplementation with vitamin E could diminish some of the impacts caused by the negative energy balance on immune cells. High levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) during the transition period lead to increased oxidative stress and immunosuppression in cows. Feeding them a vitamin-E-supplemented diet reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the blood and diminishes immunosuppression in the transition period. However, whether the restoration of immune cell function occurs through the direct action of vitamin E in cells is still a topic that requires further discussion. Therefore, in this experiment, we aimed to investigate the effect of NEFAs on peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and whether vitamin E mitigates the impact of NEFAs. We employed three groups: (1) blank, (2) NEFA only, and (3) pre-culturing with vitamin E before NEFA treatment (VENEFA). In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), there were no differences in vitamin E content among the three groups. However, in the vitamin E pre-treatment group, the vitamin E levels of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were significantly higher than those in the other two groups. NEFA levels increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in PBMCs, but pre-treatment with vitamin E reduced accumulation of MDA levels. Regarding the expression of proinflammatory genes, NEFAs increased the expression of interleukin-1β in PBMCs and colony-stimulating factor 2 in PMNs. Vitamin E pre-treatment restored the increase in interleukin-1β levels caused by NEFAs in PBMCs. None of the groups affected the phagocytosis of PMNs. Few studies have confirmed that NEFAs cause oxidative stress in bovine PBLs. In summary, this study found that NEFAs induce oxidative stress in PBLs and alter the expression of inflammation-related genes; meanwhile, vitamin E can reduce some of the effects caused by NEFAs. This result may suggest that vitamin E can assist bovine PBLs in resisting the immune suppression caused by an NEB during the transition period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new species of Cryptochironomus Kieffer, 1918, C. absum Liu, sp. nov., C. beardi Liu, sp. nov., C. dentatus Liu, sp. nov., C. ferringtoni Liu, sp. nov., C. parallelus Liu, sp. nov. and C. taylorensis Liu, sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on adult males. The specimens were collected from various water systems in the United States and preserved by Dr. Leonard Charles Ferrington Jr. An updated key to adult males of all known Cryptochironomus species in the Nearctic region is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specific and sensitive detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) is critical for diagnosing and treating numerous diseases, and aptamers have emerged as promising recognition probes for developing detection platforms. However, traditional long-sequence E2 aptamers have demonstrated limited clinical performance due to redundant structures that can affect their stability and recognition ability. There is thus an urgent need to further optimize the structure of the aptamer to build an effective detection platform for E2. In this work, we have designed a novel short aptamer that retains the key binding structure of traditional aptamers to E2 while eliminating the redundant structures. The proposed aptamer was evaluated for its binding properties using microscale thermophoresis, a gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric method, and electrochemical assays. Our results demonstrate that the proposed aptamer has excellent specific recognition ability for E2 and a high affinity with a dissociation constant of 92 nM. Moreover, the aptamer shows great potential as a recognition probe for constructing a highly specific and sensitive clinical estradiol detection platform. The aptamer-based electrochemical sensor enabled the detection of E2 with a linear range between 5 pg mL–1 and 10 ng mL–1 (R2 = 0.973), and the detection capability of a definite low concentration level was 5 pg mL–1 (S/N = 3). Overall, this novel aptamer holds great promise as a valuable tool for future studies on the role of E2 in various physiological and pathological processes and for developing sensitive and specific diagnostic assays for E2 detection in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SAPO‐11 molecular sieve has been widely used as the support of bifunctional catalyst for hydroisomerization of n‐alkanes because of its mild acidity and unique one‐dimensional pore structure, and has been widely used in industry. However, how to further improve and improve the physicochemical properties of SAPO‐11 molecular sieve is still worth studying. In this work, fractional crystallization method was used to synthesize graded SAPO‐11 molecular sieve. The effects of medium system, feed SiO2/Al2O3, crystallization time and crystallization temperature of the second crystallization process on the physicochemical properties of SAPO‐11 molecular sieve were investigated from the perspectives of crystallinity, textural properties and acidity. The suitable synthesis medium and the best synthesis conditions were determined. It is expected to provide reference for the fractional crystallization synthesis of high performance SAPO‐11 molecular sieve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grain boundaries (GBs), inherent in polycrystalline materials, manifest a diverse array of features that substantially affect material properties. However, the incomplete knowledge of the relevance between structures and energetics of GBs impedes the understanding of their effects. Here, taking graphene as an example, we propose an analytical energy formula for GBs in grain-boundary angle space. Our study reveals that any given GB can be characterized by a geometric combination of symmetric GBs, adhering to the principle of uniformly distributing their dislocation cores along straight trajectories. The formation probability of GBs, as predicted by our theoretical derivation, aligns well with both high-throughput calculations and experimental statistics. Furthermore, we unveil the elusive kinetic effects on GBs by contrasting experimental statistics with energy-dependent thermodynamic effects. This study not only presents a robust model to describe energetically favorable GBs in graphene, offering insight into the formation of GBs in two-dimensional materials, but also reveals the kinetic effects of GBs in material synthesizing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Density functional theory calculations are performed to analyze the structure and stability of Cu and Cu‐K clusters with 3 to 9 atoms. The results indicate that the stability of the clusters decreases after doping with a K atom. With the increase of cluster size, the stability of the clusters shows odd‐even alternation. Cu8 and Cu7K clusters exhibit the highest stability. Next, different adsorption sites are considered to investigate the geometry of CunNO and Cun−1KNO clusters. By calculating the adsorption energy and the HOMO‐LUMO energy gap, it is determined that both types of reactions are exothermic processes, indicating stable adsorption of NO. Notably, the CunK clusters are more active (stronger adsorption) for NO than the Cun clusters. The most chemically active clusters among CunNO and Cun−1KNO clusters are Cu8NO and Cu7KNO clusters. Finally, electron transfer and Mayer bond order analysis of Cu8NO and Cu7KNO clusters reveal that the NO bond order decreases due to electron transfer when Cu/Cu‐K clusters adsorb NO. In this process, the N atom is the electron donor and the Cu atom is the electron acceptor. Fundamental insights obtained in this study can be useful in the design of Cu/Cu‐K catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As biological enzymes regulate metabolic processes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a critical diagnostic indicator associated with many diseases. To accurately measure the enzyme activity, nanozymactic materials can offer sensitive strategies for ALP detection. However, nanozymes often lack specific target binding sites, and the presence of common co‐components, e. g. metal ions, may cause false‐positive or false‐negative results in enzyme activity determination. Herein, we developed a colorimetric assay for ALP detection using metal‐free nanozymatic carbon dots (CDs). The ALP hydrolysis of pyrophosphate ions (PPi) to phosphate ions (Pi) induces a "turn‐on" response based on the nanozyme activity. This PPi‐induced inhibition mechanism is extensively studied via the Michaelis‐Menten model, revealing that PPi acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor for CDs at a binding site distinct from the common nanozyme active site. With superior responses to ALP substrates, a highly sensitive and selective method is established for sensing ALP activity with a linear range of 0.010–0.200 U/L and a detection limit of 0.009 U/L. This finding explores the recognition and binding behavior of nanozymes, allowing for precise and reliable measurements even in complex samples, and represents a significant breakthrough for nanozyme‐based assays in biological analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive hydrogels (CHs) for flexible bioelectronic devices have raised great attention due to their tunable mechanical performances, adhesion, anti‐swelling, and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the current development of conductive hydrogel‐based flexible bioelectronic devices in the aspect of classifications and applications. Firstly, the conductive hydrogels are classified into two kinds according to the types of conductivity: ionic conductive hydrogels and electronic conductive hydrogels (hydrogel based on pure conductive materials, introducing conductive micro/nano‐materials). Secondly, the applications of conductive hydrogels for bioelectronic device, like wearable devices (strain sensor, body fluid detector, serviced in extreme environment), tissue engineering (skin, heart, nerve, muscle), and other applications (bionic robot, cancer treatment), are highly illustrated. Finally, a depth outlook is given, which aims to promote the development of this field in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Caoziwa Pb–Zn deposit is one of the typical vein-type Pb–Zn deposits in the western part of the Tengchong block. Due to limited research, the genesis of these deposits is unknown. In this study, the sulfur isotopic and trace elemental compositions of sulfides from the Caoziwa Pb–Zn deposit were analyzed to trace the sources of ore-forming materials, and to reveal the genetic type of this deposit. The results show that abundant Co, Ni, As, and Se, and less Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, Pb, and Bi could enter pyrite by isomorphic substitution. Elemental Mn, Fe, Cd, Co, and Ni could substitute Zn to enter sphalerite, while the contents of Ag, Sn, and Sb are mainly controlled by the Pb-rich inclusions in sphalerite. Elemental Bi, Sb, Cd, Sn, Ag, and Tl mainly enter the galena grains via an isomorphic substitution mechanism of (Bi, Sb)3+ + (Cd, Sn)2+ + (Ag, Tl)+ ↔ 2Pb2+. Both sulfur isotopic compositions and trace elemental compositions indicate that the ore-forming materials and fluids of the Caoziwa Pb–Zn deposit mainly originate from magmatic hydrothermal fluid related to Paleocene granitic magmatism. Combined with the geological facts that some skarnizations developed in the northern part of the ore field near the Paleocene granite, the Caoziwa Pb–Zn deposit is suggested to be a magmatic hydrothermal vein-type deposit that probably belongs to a distal part of a skarn mineralization system developed by the intrusion of Paleocene granitic magmatism in the western part of the Tengchong block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper (I) based halide scintillators have received high attention due to their high light yield. At the same time, researchers are increasingly interested in exploring organic‐inorganic hybrid copper(I) based halides, due to the diversity and tunability of structures. Here, we describe high‐efficiency photoluminescence and X‐ray excited luminescence in (DFPD)3Cu2I5 (1) (DFPD=4,4‐difluoro‐bipiperidinium). 1 is comprised of a unique [Cu2I5]3− cluster, which have typical structure allowing high‐transition‐probability self‐trapped exciton emission (one Cu+ ion adopts the tetrahedral coordination geometry, the other trigonal planar coordination geometry, the Cu−Cu distance (2.574 Å) is short). Accordingly, 1 shows efficient yellow‐green photoluminescence with the maximum at 527 nm, a full‐width at half‐maximum of 99.2 nm, a large Stokes shift of 214 nm (1.6 eV) and a quantum yield of 77.15 %. Polycrystalline 1 can also convert high‐energy X‐ray photons into UV‐visible pulsed fluorescence with the light yield of 5000 photons/MeV. This finding plays a valuable role in the development of organic‐inorganic hybrid copper(I) based scintillators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the quest to enhance the performance of conventional high-temperature alloys, the limitations of existing materials have become apparent. Refractory high entropy alloys (RHEAs) have emerged as promising candidates, exhibiting exceptional high-temperature properties and offering a novel perspective on advanced materials for extreme environments. This study systematically determined optimal process parameters via single-channel laser cladding (LC), resulting in the development of multi-channel TaNbZrTi RHEA coatings. The investigation encompassed an in-depth analysis of microstructure and oxidation behavior across a temperature range spanning from 800 to 1200 °C. The findings elucidated the complex composition of the coating, characterized by the interplay of BCC1, BCC2, and Fe2Nb phases. The theoretical yield strength of the coating was calculated at 1816.1 MPa, with contributions from solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, fine crystal strengthening, and alloy foundation strength, standing at 41.1%, 41.5%, 5.5%, and 11.9%, respectively. At 800, 1000 and 1200 °C, the oxide thickness of the coating is 1.4, 2.9, and 34.5 μm, respectively. The transition of BCC2 phase at elevated temperatures and the diffusion of Fe from the substrate emerged as pivotal factors contributing to catastrophic oxidation observed at 1200 °C. Importantly, the diffusion of substrate elements facilitated the formation of Fe2Nb phase, which exhibited robust precipitation strengthening effects, further enhancing the coating overall strength. However, the protective role of Fe oxides proved inadequate, leading to the vulnerability of the oxidation layer and its propensity to fracture, thereby compromising the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the process of petroleum refining, realizing the production and utilization of chemical raw materials is the common goal pursued by the petrochemical industry at present. The integration of the refining and chemical industry can not only produce clean fuel, but also meet the demand of the chemical industry for raw materials. In this study, Y zeolites with controllable crystal size and particle size were successfully prepared by simply adjusting the composition of the directing agent. Through a series of characterization, the effects of the composition change of the directing agent on the physicochemical properties of Y zeolites were investigated. Corresponding NiWS supported catalysts were prepared by using synthesized Y zeolites as supports. Taking naphthalene as the model reactant, the effects of crystal size and particle size of Y zeolites on the catalytic performance of the catalyst and on the hydrocracking of naphthalene to C6–C8 products were investigated. The results show that the preparation of small crystal Y zeolites can be realized by simply adjusting the composition of the directing agent, and the corresponding catalyst can realize the efficient production of chemical raw materials. This is expected to provide a simple, economical, feasible, and effective idea for the petrochemical industry to realize the goal of refining and chemical integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysis plays a pivotal role in environmental remediation and energy production and improving the efficiency of photocatalysts, yet enhancing its efficiency remains a challenge. Titanate has been claimed to be a very promising material amongst various photocatalysts in recent years. In this work, a novel composite photocatalyst of sodium titanate and potassium titanate was synthesized via a simple hydrothermal and molten salt calcination method. Low melting point nitrate was added in the calcination process, which helps reduce the calcination temperature. The as-prepared composite sample showed excellent photocatalytic performance compared with commercial P25 in the visible light range. According to the characterization of XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, UV–Vis, and photocatalytic property testing, the composite's photocatalytic performance results are due to the dual optimization brought about by the layered structure and composite of titanium salts forming a heterojunction. We believe that the composite has significant application potential for the use of titanate in the field of photocatalysis. Notably, this study employed well-documented synthesis methods and adhered to established protocols for experimental procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article published in the journal ZooKeys. The authors of the original article made errors in the key provided for identifying six new species of Cryptochironomus Kieffer from the Nearctic region. In this corrigendum, the authors revise the key to Nearctic males of Cryptochironomus. The errors were pointed out by Dr. Martin Spies, and the authors express their gratitude for his input. The document provides a table categorizing different species of the genus Chironomus based on specific characteristics, along with references for further information. The document does not contain conflicts of interest, ethical statements, or funding information. The authors have contributed equally to the document, and their ORCID identifiers are provided. The data supporting the findings of the study are available in the main text. [Extracted from the article]

A cocrystal screening of a series of theobromine (TBR) with five organic carboxylic acids (p-coumaric acid (p-COA), 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid monohydrate (2,4,6-TRM), gallic acid monohydrate (GAL), 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1-H-2-NA) and citric acid monohydrate (CAM)) with 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 stoichiometry was performed in order to broaden its application in the food and pharmaceutical areas. Six novel multicomponent systems were identified, out of which two nonsolvated single crystals (TBR-2,4,6-TRM, TBR-p-COA) and two hydrated single crystals (TBR-GAL·2H2O, TBR-GAL·4H2O) except for TBR-GAL·2H2O were first reported and the structures of four cocrystal or cocrystal hydrates were determined by SCXRD. The cocrystals of TBR were obtained by the solid-state mechanochemical grinding method and solution-state crystallization. The cocrystal structures were preliminarily determined directly from powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data, augmented by information from simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (IR). Specifically, the four single crystals were successfully cultured in solution, the structures of which were characterized using the Shelxl method for structure refinement and meticulously searched in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). Moreover, the structure determination of the four single crystals was further confirmed by STA and IR assisted by Gaussian calculations. The results led us to the conclusion that TBR and four cocrystal formers (CCF) form a supramolecular system with lower energy. The hydrogen bonding network between TBR and CCF is mainly responsible for cocrystal formation, while TBR-GAL·2H2O and TBR-GAL·4H2O are mainly stabilized by water molecules. The solubilities of TBR, as well as that of cocrystals, were evaluated in two media: pure water and phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.2–7.4). Solubilities in water and PBS of cocrystals of TBR-GAL·2H2O and TBR-p-COA were improved by 1.59-fold and 2.98-fold, respectively. Thus, cocrystals significantly influence the solubility of TBR, which could be taken into account in enhancing solubility formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have emerged as a novel class of porous materials that are synthesized by the polymerization of various organic monomers with different geometries and topologies. The molecular tunability of organic building blocks allows the incorporation of functional units for photocatalytic organic transformations. Here, we report the synthesis of two POP‐based photocatalysts via homopolymerization of vinyl‐functionalized diaryl dihydrophenazine (DADHP) monomer (POP1) and copolymerization of vinyl‐functionalized DADHP and 2,2′‐bipyridine monomers (POP2). The fluorescence lifetimes of DADHP units in the POPs significantly increased, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performances over homogeneous controls. POP1 is highly effective in catalysing visible‐light‐driven C−N bond forming cross‐coupling reactions. Upon coordination with Ni2+ ions, POP2‐Ni shows strong synergy between photocatalytic and Ni catalytic cycles due to the confinement effect within the POP framework, leading to high efficiency in energy, electron, and organic radical transfer. POP2‐Ni displays excellent activity in catalysing C−P bond forming reactions between diarylphosphine oxides and aryl iodides. They increased the photocatalytic activities by more than 30‐fold in C−N and C−P cross‐coupling reactions. These POP catalysts were readily recovered via centrifugal separation and reused in six catalytic cycles without loss of activities. Thus, photosensitizer‐based POPs provide a promising platform for heterogeneous photocatalytic organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have emerged as a novel class of porous materials that are synthesized by the polymerization of various organic monomers with different geometries and topologies. The molecular tunability of organic building blocks allows the incorporation of functional units for photocatalytic organic transformations. Here, we report the synthesis of two POP‐based photocatalysts via homopolymerization of vinyl‐functionalized diaryl dihydrophenazine (DADHP) monomer (POP1) and copolymerization of vinyl‐functionalized DADHP and 2,2′‐bipyridine monomers (POP2). The fluorescence lifetimes of DADHP units in the POPs significantly increased, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performances over homogeneous controls. POP1 is highly effective in catalysing visible‐light‐driven C−N bond forming cross‐coupling reactions. Upon coordination with Ni2+ ions, POP2‐Ni shows strong synergy between photocatalytic and Ni catalytic cycles due to the confinement effect within the POP framework, leading to high efficiency in energy, electron, and organic radical transfer. POP2‐Ni displays excellent activity in catalysing C−P bond forming reactions between diarylphosphine oxides and aryl iodides. They increased the photocatalytic activities by more than 30‐fold in C−N and C−P cross‐coupling reactions. These POP catalysts were readily recovered via centrifugal separation and reused in six catalytic cycles without loss of activities. Thus, photosensitizer‐based POPs provide a promising platform for heterogeneous photocatalytic organic transformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aquaculture has been challenged to explore alternative proteins to develop efficient feed formulations that foster a sustainable future growth. Largemouth bass (LMB) are economically important cultured fish with a high demand for protein. One of the traditional ingredients used to develop protein diets is fish meal (FM). With the aquaculture industry expanding, the FM price climbs with broadening the imbalance between the supply and requirement. Hence, there is a requisite to explore novel alternative proteins sources. In this review, we summarised recent knowledge about the alternative sources of proteins with potential to partially or fully substitute FM in LMB feed and the shortcomings of present alternative proteins. We also highlight the challenges faced for LMB feed in the substitution of FM with alternative proteins, which need more in‐depth investigations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water–mineral interaction in expansive soils is discussed under environmental loads in water chemistry. Water and clay particles interact with each, and water molecules are strongly attracted to and adsorbed on clay particle surfaces of expansive soils. The normalized adsorbed water volume to the montmorillonite volume of expansive soils is deduced from the energy balance based on the surface fractal model for montmorillonite. A postulate of mass transfer of adsorbed water from solid-to-solution fraction caused by chemical load is then discussed. Theory on effective stress of expansive soils affected by chemical loads is developed to deal with the effects of chemical swell and shear strength. The generalized theories on the swelling deformation and shear strength of expansive soils are developed to deal with the effects of chemical loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Histopathological transformation between different types of lung cancer cells has been reported following a variety of anti-tumor treatments. Examples include transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) and transformation from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Case report: A patient with intermittent hemoptysis for 2 days underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan that revealed interstitial pneumonia in addition to two enlarged paratracheal lymph nodes: one on the right (4R) and one on the left (4L) measuring 10 and 7 mm in diameter, respectively (Fig. 1). There was no evidence of a lung or bronchial mass. Bronchoscopy identified an endoluminal primary mass in a superior segmental bronchus of the left lower lobe and pathological examination following surgery confirmed it to be SCC. At 15 months post operation, a CT scan detected that the 4R lymph node had increased in size from 10 to 16 mm in diameter. At the next follow-up 7 months later, a CT scan showed that the R4 lymph node had further increased in size from 16 to 40 mm in the short axis, making it difficult for a surgeon to resect it "en bloc" immediately. The maximum standardized uptake value was 7.5 on PET-CT images. One month following completion of one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and nedaplatin, a further CT scan indicated that the lymph node had decreased in size from 40 to 30 mm in the short axis. A complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy via open thoracotomy was performed and the lymph node was resected. Histological examination identified a main large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) component with a small fraction of small cell carcinoma, confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis and genetic evidence. Conclusion: Histopathological transformation from SCC to LCNEC with a small fraction of SCLC may have occurred spontaneously without any treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mid-life high blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cerebral microinfarcts. Less is known about the relationship between late-life BP and cerebral microinfarcts, the examination of which is the objective of the current study. This case–control study analyzed data from 551 participants (94.6% aged ≥80 years; 58.6% women) in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study who had autopsy data on microinfarcts and four values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) before death. Using the average of four values, SBP was categorized using 10 mmHg intervals; a trend was defined as a ≥10 mmHg rise or fall from the first to fourth values (average gap of 6.5 years). Multivariable-adjusted regression models were used to examine the associations of BP and microinfarcts, adjusting for age, sex, last BP-to-death time, APOE genotype, and antihypertensive medication use. Microinfarcts were present in 274 (49.7%) participants; there were multiple in 51.8% of the participants, and they were located in cortical areas in 40.5%, subcortical areas in 29.6%, and both areas in 29.9% of the participants. All SBP categories (reference of 100–119 mmHg) and both SBP trends were associated with higher odds of both the presence and number of microinfarcts. The magnitude of these associations was numerically greater for subcortical than cortical microinfarcts. Similar associations were observed with DBP. These hypothesis-generating findings provide new information about the overall relationship between BP and cerebral microinfarcts in octogenarians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) was demonstrated to be superior to conventional IVF in reducing the incidence of miscarriage and abnormal offspring after the first embryo transfer (ET). PGT-A requires several embryo trophectoderm cells, but its negative impacts on embryo development and long-term influence on the health conditions of conceived children have always been a concern. As an alternative, noninvasive PGT-A (niPGT-A) approaches using spent blastocyst culture medium (SBCM) achieved comparable accuracy with PGT-A in several pilot studies. The main objective of this study is to determine whether noninvasive embryo viability testing (niEVT) results in better clinical outcomes than conventional IVF after the first embryo transfer. Furthermore, we further investigated whether niEVT results in higher the live birth rate between women with advanced maternal age (AMA, > 35 years old) and young women or among patients for whom different fertilization protocols are adopted. Methods: This study will be a double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT) studying patients of different ages (20–43 years) undergoing different fertilization protocols (in vitro fertilization [IVF] or intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI]). We will enroll 1140 patients at eight reproductive medical centers over 24 months. Eligible patients should have at least two good-quality blastocysts (better than grade 4 CB). The primary outcome will be the live birth rate of the first embryo transfer (ET). Secondary outcomes will include the clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, cumulative live birth rate, ectopic pregnancy rate, and time to pregnancy. Discussion: In this study, patients who undergo noninvasive embryo viability testing (niEVT) will be compared to women treated by conventional IVF. We will determine the effects on the pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and live birth rate and adverse events. We will also investigate whether there is any difference in clinical outcomes among patients with different ages and fertilization protocols (IVF/ICSI). This trial will provide clinical evidence of the effect of noninvasive embryo viability testing on the clinical outcomes of the first embryo transfer. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) Identifier: ChiCTR2100051408. 9 September 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of cytokines IL-2 and GM-CSF on CXCR3 expression and chemotaxis of CAR-T cells. Background: High lymphocyte infiltration within the tumor is a basic requirement for good results in tumor immunotherapy; C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is an important factor for the chemotaxis of lymphocytes to tumor tissues. The tumor microenvironment can exhibit diverse cytokine suppression or promote antitumor immunity. Both interleukin (IL)-2 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contribute to the regulation of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. However, the effects of IL-2 and GM-CSF on CXCR3 expression on the T cell surface and its mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we explored the effects of polycytokines on CXCR3 expression in chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T cells) and on HuH-7 in situ hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, followed by purifying using CD3 immunomagnetic beads. Cells were divided into three groups. After 24h of activation using CD3/CD28 antibody, T cells were transfected using lentiviral vector, pGC-SV40-EGFP-GPC3-CAR. Three culture methods were used to amplify the transfected T cells. Method 'A' was to incubate T cells with CD3/CD28 antibody; method 'B' was with CD3/CD28 antibody and IL-2 at a final concentration of 1000 U/ml; method 'C' was with method B in addition of GM-CSF at a final concentration of 1000 U/ml. The phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT was determined by western blot. The chemotaxis effect of CAR-T cells on Huh-7 HCCIA in situ was assayed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Results: The CD3/CD28/IL-2/GM-CSF combination is the most potent for stimulating activated CAR-T cell proliferation and CXCR3 expression in vitro; CD3/CD28/IL-2 induces CAR-T cell expression of CXCR3 through the activation of the PI3K/APK pathway and GM-CSF induces CXCR3 expression in CAR-T cells through the activation of ERK1/2 rather than the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. CAR-GPC3-T cells with high CXCR3 expression showed increased chemotaxis ability to HuH in situ hepatocellular carcinoma, and considerably inhibited the growth of in situ tumors in nude mouse livers. Conclusion: A multi-factorial amplification protocol can effectively improve CXCR3 expression on the surface of activated CAR-T cells in vitro, as well as enhance the chemotaxis ability of CAR-T cells in vivo, which significantly inhibit the growth of liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosa laevigata Michx., a member of the Rosaceae family, is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and edible food in Asian countries. The major active ingredient is triterpenoid, which has anti‐Alzheimer's Disease (AD), antioxidant and neuroprotection properties. However, the properties of "multi‐component structure" and "multi‐directional target" make it impossible to explain the molecular mechanism by conventional ways. The present study aimed to predict the multi‐target mechanisms of triterpenoids in R. laevigata against AD using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (HPLC‐Q‐TOF MS) approach, network pharmacology analysis, dynamics simulation (MDs) and validation of the predicted results with straight‐target tests as well as neuroprotection model. Firstly, bioassay‐guided fractionation of R. laevigata integrated with LC‐MS/MS analysis of the most prospective enriched fractions in terms of anti‐AD efficacy was commenced. Subsequently, multi‐level network model of "multi components‐multi‐targets‐multiple pathways" was established based on the identification of 69 triterpenoids. Complementarily, 64 AD‐related targets were identified through various databases. Network structure analysis illuminated that the intricate pharmacological mechanisms improving cognitive dysfunction of AD was superiorly combined with the crucial targets of APP, APOE, VEGFA, IL1B, MAPT, PSEN1 and BACE and further regulation of principal pathways as HIF‐1 and Calcium signaling pathways. In addition, AChE, BChE and BACE inhibitory activities in vitro showed that nine compounds exhibited potential inhibitory activities. The neuroprotective effects also had a similar effect on H2O2‐induced SH‐SY5Y cell injury. The results show that R. laevigata and its bioactive triterpenoids can pave the way for potential application as inhibitors for treatment of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of nanotubular structures with non‐deformable inner pores is of both fundamental and practical significance. Herein we report a strategy for creating molecular nanotubes with defined lengths. Macrocyclic (MC) units based on shape‐persistent hexakis(m‐phenylene ethynylene) (m‐PE) macrocycle MC‐1, which are known to stack into hydrogen‐bonded tubular assemblies, are tethered by oligo(β‐alanine) linkers to give tubular stacks MC‐2 and MC‐4 that have two and four MC units, respectively. The covalently linked MC units in MC‐2 and MC‐4 undergo face‐to‐face stacking through intramolecular non‐covalent interactions that further results in the helical stacks of these compounds. Oligomer MC‐4 can form potassium and proton channels across lipid bilayers, with the channels being open continuously for over 60 seconds, which is among the longest open durations for synthetic ion channels and indicates that the thermodynamic stability of the self‐assembling channels can be drastically enhanced by reducing the number of molecular components involved. This study demonstrates that covalently tethering shape‐persistent macrocyclic units is a feasible and reliable approach for building molecular nanotubes that otherwise are difficult to create de novo. The extraordinarily long lifetimes of the ion channels formed by MC‐2 and MC‐4 suggest the likelihood of constructing the next‐generation synthetic ion channels with unprecedented stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of nanotubular structures with non‐deformable inner pores is of both fundamental and practical significance. Herein we report a strategy for creating molecular nanotubes with defined lengths. Macrocyclic (MC) units based on shape‐persistent hexakis(m‐phenylene ethynylene) (m‐PE) macrocycle MC‐1, which are known to stack into hydrogen‐bonded tubular assemblies, are tethered by oligo(β‐alanine) linkers to give tubular stacks MC‐2 and MC‐4 that have two and four MC units, respectively. The covalently linked MC units in MC‐2 and MC‐4 undergo face‐to‐face stacking through intramolecular non‐covalent interactions that further results in the helical stacks of these compounds. Oligomer MC‐4 can form potassium and proton channels across lipid bilayers, with the channels being open continuously for over 60 seconds, which is among the longest open durations for synthetic ion channels and indicates that the thermodynamic stability of the self‐assembling channels can be drastically enhanced by reducing the number of molecular components involved. This study demonstrates that covalently tethering shape‐persistent macrocyclic units is a feasible and reliable approach for building molecular nanotubes that otherwise are difficult to create de novo. The extraordinarily long lifetimes of the ion channels formed by MC‐2 and MC‐4 suggest the likelihood of constructing the next‐generation synthetic ion channels with unprecedented stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further implement the "Healthy China 2030 Planning Outline" and actively develop the sports tourism industry, this study analyzed the independent variables and dependent variables that affect the urban residents' sports tourism risk perception consumption behavior.Finally, the simultaneous regression, stepwise regression and hierarchical regression models of sports tourism risk perception consumption behavior of urban residents are constructed. The purpose is to help people effectively screen all kinds of risks in the process of sports tourism, promote the growth of sports consumption, and provide theoretical and practical guidance for the development of sports tourism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformer is the latest deep neural network (DNN) architecture for sequence data learning, which has revolutionized the field of natural language processing. This success has motivated researchers to explore its application in the healthcare domain. Despite the similarities between longitudinal clinical data and natural language data, clinical data presents unique complexities that make adapting Transformer to this domain challenging. To address this issue, we have designed a new Transformer-based DNN architecture, referred to as Hybrid Value-Aware Transformer (HVAT), which can jointly learn from longitudinal and non-longitudinal clinical data. HVAT is unique in the ability to learn from the numerical values associated with clinical codes/concepts such as labs, and in the use of a flexible longitudinal data representation called clinical tokens. We have also trained a prototype HVAT model on a case-control dataset, achieving high performance in predicting Alzheimer's disease and related dementias as the patient outcome. The results demonstrate the potential of HVAT for broader clinical data-learning tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A carbon fiber supported MnMoO 4 nanostructures protected with N doped carbon coatings (CF/MnMoO 4 @NCs) is designed as flexible cathode for ZIBs. The tightly anchoring of MnMoO 4 on CF via C M (M = Mn, Mo) bonds guarantee stable cycling. The N doped carbon coated on MnMoO 4 nanostructures can buffer volume expansion of MnMoO 4. Both the CF and NCs with good electronic conductivity can speed up electrons transportation in the CF/MnMoO 4 @NCs system. [Display omitted] Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising energy storage devices due to the advantageous features of Zn. However, developing suitable cathode materials with high performance is still an urgent task for the development of ZIBs. In this work, we report on the preparation of a flexible cathode for ZIBs consisting of carbon fiber supported MnMoO 4 nanostructures protected with N -doped carbon coatings (CF/MnMoO4@NCs). The N -doped carbon coating on MnMoO 4 nanostructures can buffer volume expansion of MnMoO 4 , and the CF and NCs with good electronic conductivity can facilitate quick electrons transportation in the CF/MnMoO 4 @NCs system. The optimized CF/MnMoO 4 @NCs cathode exhibits high capacity and good rate capability. Specifically, it delivers an outstanding discharge capacity of 663 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles, and at a current density of 2 A/g, the cathode can still achieve a discharge capacity of 212 mA h g−1. This work expands the choice of cathode material and provides constructive direction on designing high-performance cathode materials for ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple myeloma is preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Serum markers are currently used to stratify MGUS patients into clinical risk groups. A molecular signature predicting MGUS progression has not been produced. We have explored the use of gene expression profiling to risk-stratify MGUS and developed an optimized signature based on large samples with long-term follow-up. Microarrays of plasma cell mRNA from 334 MGUS with stable disease and 40 MGUS that progressed to MM within 10 years, was used to define a molecular signature of MGUS risk. After a three-fold cross-validation analysis, the top thirty-six genes that appeared in each validation and maximized the concordance between risk score and MGUS progression were included in the gene signature (GS36). The GS36 accurately predicted MGUS progression (C-statistic is 0.928). An optimal cut-point for risk of progression by the GS36 score was found to be 0.7, which identified a subset of 61 patients with a 10-year progression probability of 54.1%. The remainder of the 313 patients had a probability of progression of only 2.2%. The sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 91.6%. Furthermore, combination of GS36, free light chain ratio and immunoparesis identified a subset of MGUS patients with 82.4% risk of progression to MM within 10 years. A gene expression signature combined with serum markers created a highly robust model for predicting risk of MGUS progression. These findings strongly support the inclusion of genomic analysis in the management of MGUS to identify patients who may benefit from more frequent monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) is one of the most dominant species in shrimp farming in China, which is a rich source of protein and contributes to a significant impact on the quality of human life. Thus, more complete and accurate annotation of gene models are important for the breeding research of oriental river prawn. Results: A full-length transcriptome of oriental river prawn muscle was obtained using the PacBio Sequel platform. Then, 37.99 Gb of subreads were sequenced, including 584,498 circular consensus sequences, among which 512,216 were full length non-chimeric sequences. After Illumina-based correction of long PacBio reads, 6,599 error-corrected isoforms were identified. Transcriptome structural analysis revealed 2,263 and 2,555 alternative splicing (AS) events and alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites, respectively. In total, 620 novel genes (NGs), 197 putative transcription factors (TFs), and 291 novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified. Conclusions: In summary, this study offers novel insights into the transcriptome complexity and diversity of this prawn species, and provides valuable information for understanding the genomic structure and improving the draft genome annotation of oriental river prawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trunk-sharing (TS), a nascent ride-sharing (RS)-based crowdsourced delivery service, has been reshaping the pattern of urban logistics and the spatial distribution of urban traffic congestion. However, it is not yet clear how RS and TS interact and affect the urban traffic system. To this end, a link-node-based user equilibrium model -is proposed to describe the users' decisions in the presence of RS and TS program and thereby to forecast the long-term effects of these two modes and of existed policies, such as car restrictions and cordon tolling. The model is formulated as a nonlinear complementarity problem and the existence of equilibria is proven under some mild conditions. Numerical results showed that integrating RS and TS can dramatically decreases the total travel time. Moreover, car restriction- can incentivize more TS to enter the central business districts (CBDs), while cordon tolling- can incentivize more RS participants to enter the CBDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]