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[Display omitted] • Peroxymonosulfate is activated by carbon ring conjugated g-C 3 N 4 without light. • Conjugation of carbon ring tunes the electronic structure of the g-C 3 N 4 composite. • CCN 0.1 outperforms nonmetal-doped g-C 3 N 4 in light-free activation of PMS. • PMS activation by CCN 0.1 involves PMS reduction and oxidation plus DO reduction. • CCN 0.1 /PMS is potentially applicable for actual industrial wastewater remediation. Realizing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) being active in light-free heterogeneous catalysis remains a big challenge as a result of its inertness if not irradiated. Herein, we demonstrate the successful construction of g-C 3 N 4 -based in-plane heterostructure by intimately connecting g-C 3 N 4 framework with carbon ring via strong π-conjugated bonds, which regulates the electron density distribution of the g-C 3 N 4 composite. The optimized carbon ring conjugated carbon nitride (CCN 0.1) with porous architecture and modulated electronic structure delivers admirable catalytic performance in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation without the need of light, with its specific activity being significantly superior to nonmetal-doped g-C 3 N 4 and comparable to part of active nitrogen-doped carbon materials. Experimental data and theoretical results revealed the two domains of g-C 3 N 4 with higher electron density and the conjugated carbon ring with lower electron density in CCN 0.1 involve in PMS conversion accounting for PMS reduction and oxidation, respectively, which simultaneously facilitates dissolved oxygen reduction over the g-C 3 N 4 field. Moreover, CCN 0.1 shows robust stability in PMS activation, and meanwhile, the CCN 0.1 /PMS system exhibits potential effectiveness in actual industrial wastewater remediation. This work expands the range of nonmetallic g-C 3 N 4 -based materials for light-free activation of persulfate and deepens the mechanistic understanding of persulfate conversion process for wider environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• C and O dual-doped g-C 3 N 4 was generally synthesized via copolymerization. • C and O dual doping induces electronic structure reconfiguration in CN-AA 0.3. • CN-AA 0.3 exhibits good reactivity and stability in non-photochemical PMS activation. • Electron-poor C and electron-rich O atoms serve as active sites for PMS activation. • PMS activation over CN-AA 0.3 involves simultaneous PMS oxidation and reduction. Earth-abundant, environmental-benign and durable catalysts are of paramount importance for remediation of organic pollutants, and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) is a promising nonmetallic material for this application. However, the catalytic oxidation on g-C 3 N 4 suffers from low efficiency because of its chemical inertness if not irradiated with light. Herein, we develop a facile copolymerization strategy for the synthesis of carbon and oxygen dual-doped g-C 3 N 4 using urea as g-C 3 N 4 precursor and ascorbic acid (AA) as carbon and oxygen sources, which induces electronic structure reconfiguration. By replacing AA with other organic precursors, a series of C and O dual-doped g-C 3 N 4 are successfully prepared, demonstrating the generality of the developed methodology. As a demonstration, the C and O dual-doped g-C 3 N 4 using AA as the organic precursor (CN-AA 0.3) exhibits pronouncedly enhanced catalytic activity in peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for organic pollutant degradation without light irradiation compared with pristine g-C 3 N 4 and single oxygen-doped g-C 3 N 4. Experimental and theoretical results revealed the electron-poor C atoms and electron-rich O atoms as active sites for PMS activation in terms of simultaneous PMS oxidation and reduction. This work offers a universal approach to synthesize nonmetal dual-doped g-C 3 N 4 with reconfigured electronic structure, stimulating the development of g-C 3 N 4 -based materials for diverse environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the cardiac isoform of the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate ion cotransporter (NBCe1) in cardiac remodeling is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of NBCe1 overexpression on cardiac remodeling induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. We generated NBCe1 transgenic (Tg) mice and NBCe1 overexpressing adult mouse ventricular myocytes (AMVMs) to investigate the role of NBCe1 on post-MI remodeling and calcium kinetics. Tg mice showed a markedly higher mortality rate and larger infarct size after MI. At 6 weeks after MI, the maximum rising rates of left ventricular pressure (d p /d t), contractility index, and the exponential time constant of relaxation (τ) were markedly lower, and there was higher cardiomyocyte apoptosis, in Tg mice compared with WT mice. In cultured AMVMs, overexpression of NBCe1 decreased sarcomere shortening and calcium amplitude. In WT AMVMs, the rates of the rise and decay phase of calcium transients, indicated by the rising time (T peak , time to peak) and decay time constant (τ d), and the number of apoptotic cells, were increased following hypoxia, while overexpression of NBCe1 further increased T peak and cellular apoptosis, but not τ d. Intracellular resting calcium and sodium concentrations were significantly increased following both hypoxia and NBCe1 overexpression. Co-treatment with S0859, an NBCe1 antagonist, blocked the hypoxia-induced increase in T peak , τ d, intracellular resting calcium and sodium concentrations, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. These findings indicate that NBCe1 overexpression promotes cardiac remodeling by increasing intracellular calcium overload. Therefore, NBCe1 should be a potential target for treatment of cardiac remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cor triatriatum sinister (CTS) is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly the initial symptom in patients with CTS, occurring in approximately 32% of the cases. The complexity of performing AF catheter ablation, particularly in cases with persistent AF, increases in patients with CTS due to its unique structural challenges. Case presentation: We report the treatment course of a 60-year-old male patient diagnosed with CTS, who underwent catheter ablation of drug-refractory, persistent AF. The complex anatomical structure of the condition made catheter ablation of AF challenging. To navigate these challenges, we performed comprehensive assessments using transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography, along with cardiac computed tomography angiography, prior to treatment initiation. The intricate anatomy of CTS was further clarified during the procedure via intracardiac echocardiography (ICE). Additionally, the complexity of catheter manipulation was further reduced with the aid of the VIZIGO sheath and the vein of Marshall ethanol infusion to achieve effective mitral isthmus blockage, thereby circumventing the impact of the CTS membrane. Conclusions: This case underscores the complexity and potential of advanced ablation techniques in managing cardiac arrhythmias associated with unusual cardiac anatomies. During the procedure, ICE facilitated detailed modeling of the left atrium, including the membranous structure and its openings, thus providing a clearer understanding of CTS. It is noteworthy that the membrane within the CTS may serve as a potential substrate for arrhythmias, which warrants further validation through larger sample studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ash deposition growth is recorded by an on-line digital image technique. • The average ash deposition thickness decreases as the furnace temperature increases. • ABS is easily formed in a mixed atmosphere of NH 3 and SO 3 to aggravate ash deposition. • Ash deposition growth can be divided into three stages. • XRD and SEM equipped with EDS are used to analyze the ash deposition samples. In this paper, the drop tube furnace (DTF) system was utilized to study the ash deposition growth of different temperatures in the mixed atmosphere of NH 3 and SO 3 using an on-line digital image technique. A series of tests, such as XRD, SEM, and EDS, were also used to further study the ash deposition characteristics. The experimental results show that the stable thickness of ash deposition decreases and heat flux at the probe surface increases as the temperature increases. The average ash deposition thickness at the temperatures of 553, 593 and 633 K is 2.13, 1.64 and 1.53 mm, respectively, and the average heat flux is 17.13, 24.19 and 31.33 kW/m2, respectively. Ash deposition growth can be divided into three stages: the rapid growth stage, the slow growth stage, and the stable stage. Ammonium bisulfate (ABS) was detected by XRD, and an N element was detected by EDS, indicating the viscous ABS generated in the mixed atmosphere and aggravated fly ash deposition. SEM analysis showed that the ash deposition on the upper part of the probe was mostly agglomerated and the particle size increased, and the lower ash deposition is mostly spherical, similar to the fly ash. In addition, the agglomeration of the upper ash deposition is weakened, and the lower ash deposition becomes smoother and looser as the temperature increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is characterized by episodes of rapid tachycardia with sudden onset and sudden termination. PSVT treatment has evolved considerably over the past 30 years. Currently, radiofrequency catheter ablation is the first‐line treatment. Hypothesis: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to compare safety and effectiveness of PSVT ablation between the Jinjiang and Johnson (J&J) catheters in 57 patients in our hospital. Methods and results: Patients were randomly assigned to ablation procedures using either the Jinjiang system or the J&J Carto system. Follow‐up was performed 3 days, 1, and 6 months after the procedure. Success rate, ablation time, frequency of ablation, and rates of complications and recurrence did not significantly differ between the groups. One Jinjiang group patient (3.6%) experienced arrhythmia recurrence during the 6‐month follow‐up. Conclusions: The Jinjiang catheter for radiofrequency ablation of PSVT is as safe and effective as the J&J catheter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exercise can induce physiological myocardial hypertrophy (PMH), and former athletes can live 5 to 6 years longer than nonathletic controls, suggesting a benefit after regression of PMH. We previously reported that regression of pathological myocardial hypertrophy has antihypertrophic effects. Accordingly, we hypothesized that antihypertrophic memory exists even after PMH has regressed, increasing myocardial resistance to subsequent pathological hypertrophic stress.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were submitted to 21 days of swimming training to develop PMH. After termination of exercise, PMH regressed within 1 week. PMH regression mice (exercise hypertrophic preconditioning [EHP] group) and sedentary mice (control group) then underwent transverse aortic constriction or a sham operation for 4 weeks. Cardiac remodeling and function were evaluated with echocardiography, invasive left ventricular hemodynamic measurement, and histological analysis. LncRNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry and Western blot were used to investigate the role of Mhrt779 involved in the antihypertrophic effect induced by EHP.Results: At 1 and 4 weeks after transverse aortic constriction, the EHP group showed less increase in myocardial hypertrophy and lower expression of the Nppa and Myh7 genes than the sedentary group. At 4 weeks after transverse aortic constriction, EHP mice had less pulmonary congestion, smaller left ventricular dimensions and end-diastolic pressure, and a larger left ventricular ejection fraction and maximum pressure change rate than sedentary mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the long noncoding myosin heavy chain-associated RNA transcript Mhrt779 was one of the markedly upregulated lncRNAs in the EHP group. Silencing of Mhrt779 attenuated the antihypertrophic effect of EHP in mice with transverse aortic constriction and in cultured cardiomyocytes treated with angiotensin II, and overexpression enhanced the antihypertrophic effect. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that EHP increased histone 3 trimethylation (H3K4me3 and H3K36me3) at the a4 promoter of Mhrt779. Comprehensive identification of RNA-binding proteins by mass spectrometry and Western blot showed that Mhrt779 can bind SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (Brg1) to inhibit the activation of the histone deacetylase 2 (Hdac2)/phosphorylated serine/threonine kinase (Akt)/phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β(p-GSK3β) pathway induced by pressure overload.Conclusions: Myocardial hypertrophy preconditioning evoked by exercise increases resistance to pathological stress via an antihypertrophic effect mediated by a signal pathway of Mhrt779/Brg1/Hdac2/p-Akt/p-GSK3β. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• N-doped porous carbon was prepared using g-C 3 N 4 as template and nitrogen source. • NC-900 exhibits unexpectedly higher reactivity in the activation of PDS than PMS. • NC-900 surpasses existing N-doped carbon materials in persulfate activation. • PMS activation on NC-900 involves PMS reduction and oxidation mainly producing 1O 2. • PDS activation on NC-900 consists in PDS reduction for the generation of OH. Metal-free activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has been reported to be more efficient than peroxydisulfate (PDS) due to the asymmetrical structure of PMS. However, we report for the first time that the nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NC-900) templated from graphitic carbon nitride exhibits unexpectedly higher catalytic activity in the activation of PDS than PMS, as evidenced by 1.74-fold greater rate constant of NC-900/PDS (0.80 min−1) than that of NC-900/PMS (0.46 min−1). Moreover, NC-900 shows superior reactivity and stability to existing nitrogen-doped nanocarbons in persulfate activation. Experimental and theoretical results revealed that PMS activation involves PMS reduction over the electron-rich graphitic N and PMS oxidation around the electron-deficient carbon atom adjacent to graphitic N in NC-900, in which PMS oxidation is the main reaction rendering singlet oxygen (1O 2) the major reactive species. By contrast, PDS reduction over the electron-poor carbon atom dominates PDS activation on NC-900 for hydroxyl radical (OH) generation. The large amount of OH with stronger oxidation capability than 1O 2 contributes to the superiority of NC-900/PDS over NC-900/PMS in organic pollutant degradation. This work provides profound insights into the difference in metal-free PMS and PDS activation and presents fundamental frameworks in the design of advanced carbon-based catalysts toward sustainable environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effective thermal conductivity of ABS deposit is studied with an in situ measurement technique. • The high blending rate promotes the growth of blend deposit. • The flue gas temperature has a negative effect on the growth of blend deposit. • The characteristics of ABS deposition are studied in a drop tube furnace (DTF) with an in situ measurement technique. Ammonium bisulfate (ABS) deposition is a severe problem in economizers and air preheaters, since it will result in the blockage of preheater, decreasing the efficiency and the corrosion of downstream devices. The blend deposition characteristics of ABS and fly ash blend, including thickness, effective thermal conductivity and heat flux through the probe surface, are investigated with an in situ measurement technology. The low flue gas temperature and high blending rate could promote the growth of blend deposit. The stable thicknesses of the blend deposits at different flue gas temperatures are 10.20 mm, 7.64 mm and 5.21 mm for different furnace temperatures (Case A, B and C, respectively). The stable thicknesses of the blend deposits with different blending rates are 10.20 mm, 5.52 mm and 3.36 mm for different blending rates (Case A, D and E, respectively). The effective thermal conductivities of blend deposits at the stable stage are 0.413, 0.397, 0.387, 0.357 and 0.28 W/m/K for Case A, B, C, D and E, respectively. In order to clarify the mechanism of the blend deposition, XRD and SEM-EDX are applied to analyze the blend deposits. The results indicate that the ABS content in blend deposit decreases with the increasing flue gas temperature and increases with the increasing blending rate. Meanwhile, the blend deposit with high ABS content has a more compact microstructure, a higher strength and a greater effective thermal conductivity. The results contribute to an insight into the ABS deposition characteristics in economizers and air preheaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention to prevent gastric bleeding, but whether PPIs are beneficial for the heart is controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of lansoprazole on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Methods and results Adult male C57 mice were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham surgery and then were treated with lansoprazole or vehicle for 5 weeks. In addition, cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to angiotensin II in the presence or absence of lansoprazole. At 5 weeks after TAC, the heart weight/body weight ratio was lower in lansoprazole-treated mice than in untreated mice, as was the lung weight/body weight ratio, while left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening and the maximum and minimum rates of change of the LV pressure were higher in lansoprazole-treated mice, along with less cardiac fibrosis. In cultured cardiomyocytes, lansoprazole inhibited angiotensin II-induced protein synthesis and hypertrophy, as well as inhibiting proliferation of fibroblasts. Lansoprazole decreased myocardial levels of phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and active β-catenin in TAC mice and in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiomyocytes. After overexpression of active β-catenin or knockdown of H+/K+-ATPase α-subunit, lansoprazole still significantly attenuated myocyte hypertrophy. Conclusion Lansoprazole inhibits cardiac remodelling by suppressing activation of the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway independent of H+/K+-ATPase inhibition, and these findings may provide a novel insight into the pharmacological effects of PPIs with regard to alleviation of cardiac remodelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) exerts effects on inflammation by binding to receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) or Toll-like receptor 4. Considering that inflammation is involved in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, we herein attempted to investigate whether HMGB1 plays a role in myocardial hypertrophy in RAGE knockout mice as well as in the growth and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The myocardial expression of RAGE was not significantly changed while TLR4 mRNA was upregulated in response to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for 1 week. The myocardial expression of HMGB1 protein was markedly increased in TAC group when compared to the sham group. Heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW) and lung weight to body weight ratio (LW/BW) were evaluated in RAGE knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice 1 week after TAC. Significant larger HW/BW and LW/BW ratios were found in TAC groups than the corresponding sham groups, but no significant difference was found between KO and WT TAC mice. Similar results were also found when TAC duration was extended to 4 weeks. Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with different concentrations of recombinant HMGB1, then cell viability was determined using MTT and CCK8 assays and cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst staining and TUNEL assay. The results came out that HMGB1 exerted no influence on viability or apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Besides, the protein expression levels of Bax and Bcl2 in response to different concentrations of HMGB1 were similar. These findings indicate that HMGB1 neither exerts influence on cardiac remodeling by binding to RAGE nor induces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes under physiological condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with other countries, China's local governments often adopt the land supply strategy of "low price and sufficient supply" for industrial land and "high price and limited supply" for commercial land in the allocation of land resources. The allocation of land resources is an important means to promote the rapid development of China's economy, and the impacts of land resource misallocation (LRM) on environmental pollution are increasingly apparent. This paper uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2009 to 2018 to discuss the relationship between LRM and environmental pollution. The ratio of the average price of commercial land to the average price of industrial land is used to measure the degree of LRM. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), spatial Durbin model (SDM), threshold model, and mediation effect model are used to study the direct effect, spatial spillover effect, nonlinear relationship, and conduction mechanism of LRM on environmental pollution. The results show that LRM significantly aggravated environmental pollution. This conclusion still holds after robustness tests including the substitution of dependent variables and IV estimates. The LRM aggravates environmental pollution through industrial structure and technological progress. Interestingly, the impact of LRM on environmental pollution also has a significant positive spatial spillover effect in adjacent regions. In addition, there is also evidence that the adverse effect of LRM on environmental pollution is nonlinear at different levels of industrial structure and technological progress. The threshold model shows that with the optimization of the industrial structure, the impact of LRM on environmental pollution shows a weakening trend of "inverted V-shaped", and with the advancement of technology, the impact of LRM on environmental pollution presents an "S-shaped" changing trend of "strong-weak-strong". • 1.Land resource misallocation (LRM) of 30 provinces in China are estimated. • The impact of LRM on environmental pollution is investigated. • A spatial Durbin model that addresses the effects of latent space spillovers is employed. • Threshold panel model is used to discuss the nonlinear relationship between LRM and environmental pollution. • LRM aggravates environmental pollution through industrial structure and technological progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two atomically dispersed cobalt catalysts with different nitrogen coordination numbers (denoted as Co SA -N x -C) were synthesized and firstly compared to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. Theoretical calculations unveiled that lowering the Co N coordination number from four to three can apparently increase the electron density of the single Co atom in Co SA -N 3 -C to enhance PDS conversion. The low-coordinated Co SA -N 3 -C with Co N 3 coordination structure displays a high specific activity of 0.067 L min 1 m 2, which is 1.31 times greater than that of Co SA -N 4 -C with normal Co N 4 configuration (0.051 L min 1 m 2) in PDS activation. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements and quenching tests confirmed the primary role of sulfate radical (SO 4 •−) in BPA oxidation over Co SA -N 3 -C with PDS. Moreover, Co SA -N 3 -C delivers favorable durability for PDS activation and potential practicability for realistic wastewater remediation. These findings provide a novel and useful avenue to coordination number modulation of SACs for wider environmental applications. [Display omitted] • Single-atom Co catalyst was firstly applied in peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. • Lowering coordination number can enhance the electron density of single Co atom. • Single-atomic Co N 3 sites deliver higher affinity to PDS than Co N 4 centers. • Low-coordinated Co SA -N 3 -C outperforms Co SA -N 4 -C with Co N 4 sites in PDS conversion. • Co SA -N 3 -C shows good stability and applicability in actual wastewater remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• N-doped porous carbon was prepared via transformation from graphitic carbon nitride. • N-doped porous carbon (NC 1.0) possesses ultrahigh N content up to 33.75 at%. • NC 1.0 exhibits excellent reactivity and stability for peroxymonosulfate activation. • DFT calculations reveal PMS activation involving PMS reduction and oxidation. • Singlet oxygen (1O 2) is the main reactive oxygen species in the NC 1.0 /PMS system. Nitrogen-doped carbon materials are proposed as promising metal-free catalysts for persulfate-mediated catalytic oxidation process, yet the nitrogen content in the final carbon products is typically low. Moreover, controversies remain in the unambiguous identification of active sites in nitrogen-doped carbons for persulfate activation. Here we report the facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon material via one-step pyrolysis of urea and D-mannitol, which simultaneously combine ultrahigh nitrogen content (up to 33.75 at%) with apparent porous structure via transformation from graphitic carbon nitride. With this strategy, the highly nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NC 1.0) exhibits excellent catalytic activity toward peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation for oxidation of organic pollutants. Both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, for the first time, revealed that the electron-rich graphitic N and electron-deficient carbon atom adjacent to graphitic N in NC 1.0 served as active sites for PMS reduction and oxidation toward the generation of hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen (1O 2), respectively, in which PMS oxidation was the main reaction in the course of PMS activation rendering 1O 2 the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the NC 1.0 /PMS system. More importantly, NC 1.0 presents robust stability in PMS activation, superior to most reported nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalysts, offering great promise for practical environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the reduction mechanism of additives on ammonium bisulfate (ABS) fouling formation can alleviate ABS fouling problems. This paper presents an investigation of the influence of Na2SO3/NaHSO3 on the formation process of ABS fouling with an in situ measurement technique. According to the thickness curves, both Na2SO3 and NaHSO3 can control the growth of ABS fouling, but Na2SO3 shows a better inhibitory effect on the growth of ABS fouling. Meanwhile, the mitigation effect of the additive on ABS fouling increases with the increasing injection quantity of the additive. The results of the heat flux show that the heat transfer performance of the fouling probe becomes better with the injection of additives, whereas the heat transfer performance becomes worse with the increasing injection quantity of additives. The thermal resistance of ABS fouling provides a reasonable agreement with the results of the heat flux. The SEM‐EDX results show that the additives have an effect on the formation of ABS fouling by controlling the ABS concentration, which can increase the viscosity of the particle, promote the agglomeration of the fouling particle, and enhance the heat transfer of the ABS fouling, providing a rational explanation for the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]