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Background: There is an association between migraine and dementia, however, their causal relationship remains unclear. This study employed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal relationship between migraine and dementia and its subtypes: Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Methods: Summary-level statistics data were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for both migraine and five types of dementia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with migraine and each dementia subtype were selected. MR analysis was conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW) and weighted median (WM) methods. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's Q test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analysis, the intercept of MR-Egger, and leave-one-out analysis. Results: Migraine showed a significant causal relationship with AD and VaD, whereas no causal relationship was observed with all-cause dementia, FTD, or DLB. Migraine may be a potential risk factor for AD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02–0.14; P = 0.007), while VaD may be a potential risk factor for migraine (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.02–0.06; P = 7.760E-5). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of our findings. Conclusion: Our study suggest that migraine may have potential causal relationships with AD and VaD. Migraine may be a risk factor for AD, and VaD may be a risk factor for migraine. Our study contributes to unraveling the comprehensive genetic associations between migraine and various types of dementia, and our findings will enhance the academic understanding of the comorbidity between migraine and dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Autophagy is an important biological process in cells and is closely associated with the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the biological function of the autophagy hub genes, which could be used as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic markers for NAFLD. (2) Male C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed after 16 and 38 weeks of a high-fat diet, serum biochemical indexes were detected, and liver lobules were collected for pathological observation and transcriptome sequencing. The R software was used to identify differentially expressed autophagy genes (DEGs) from the transcriptome sequencing data of mice fed with a normal diet for 38 weeks (ND38) and a high-fat diet for 38 weeks (HFD38). Gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed on the DEGs, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of the DEGs was established using the STRING data website, and the results were visualized through Cytoscape. (3) After 16 weeks and 38 weeks of a high-fat diet, there was a significant increase in body weight, serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) in mice, along with lipid accumulation in the liver, which was more severe at 38 weeks than at 16 weeks. The transcriptome data showed significant changes in the expression profile of autophagy genes in the livers of NAFLD mice following a long-term high-fat diet. Among the 31 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes, 13 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily involved in autophagy, cholesterol transport, triglyceride metabolism, apoptosis, the FoxO signaling pathway, the p53 signaling pathway and the IL-17 signaling pathway. Four hub genes were identified by the PPI network analysis, of which Irs2, Pnpla2 and Plin2 were significantly downregulated, while Srebf2 was significantly upregulated by the 38-week high-fat diet. (4) The hub genes Irs2, Pnpla2, Srebf2 and Plin2 may serve as key therapeutic targets and early diagnostic markers in the progression of NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic-based diagnosis (ABD) relied on air-coupled measurement is received great attention in recent years due to its ability in overcoming the limitation of vibration-based diagnosis on contact measurement. However, most of the ABD approaches are only focus on a stable working condition for analysis and research. Main challenge of ABD task is the unstable working condition including variable load and speed in real-industrial scenarios, which involve variation in amplitude and phase of acoustic signal to cause domain shift problem for fault pattern detection. In this condition, to perform ABD task for meeting the requirement of scalability in dealing with multiple targets under continuously variable working condition, a novel hierarchical adversarial multiple-target domains adaptation (HAMT-DA) learning framework is proposed in this paper. Following the naturally solution idea, a target-compress adversarial adaptation (TCAA) mechanism is developed in the first-level of framework to compress multiple-target domains by minimizing the feature distribution discrepancy over all domains, and narrow the divergence between source and target domains concurrently. Then, domain invariant feature refining (DIFR) strategy is designed to take responsibility for second-level domain adaptation in the intermediate of framework by refining domain invariant attribute and encoding the domain invariant feature into high-level semantic representation space. Subsequently, a class-separate adversarial adaptation (CSAA) method is explored in the roof of the hierarchical framework for the exploration of fault-discriminative property by forming third-level domain adaptation. Thus, the entire HAMT-DA learning framework can be obtained for single source to multiple-target (SSMT) cross-domain ABD task. The experiment result in variable working conditions indicate that the proposed method has more than 94% average diagnosis performance for gear fault patterns in five cross-domain validation tasks and achieve the highest recognition accuracy among four verifications, which is about 7% average improvement than that of the optimal comparison method. It verifies the superiority of our method on robustness and generalization for acoustic-based gear fault diagnosis under SSMT setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Local drug delivery via inter-articular injection offers a promising scenario to treat the most common joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA), which is closely associated with the increased friction or cartilage degeneration and the inflammatory syndrome of synovium. Therefore, it is quite necessary to improve the retention of drug delivery system within synovial joint, simultaneously restore the lubrication of degraded cartilage and meanwhile alleviate the inflammation. In this study, we propose a hydrophilic coating modified nano-liposome drug carrier (PMPC-Lipo) to achieve these functions. A modified chain transfer agent was utilized to polymerize 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), the obtained polymer, combined with lecithin and cholesterol, formed a liposome (PMPC-Lipo) where poly (MPC) acted as hydrophilic coating. PMPC-Lipo was found to restore the lubrication of mechanically damage cartilage (mimicking OA conditions) to the level like healthy cartilage due to the hydration lubrication. Additionally, due to the presence of poly (MPC), we also found PMPC-Lipo avoid the recognition of macrophage and thus escape from the phagocytosis to prolong its retention in synovial joint. Furthermore, after encapsulating gallic acid (GA) into PMPC-Lipo, the obtained GA-PMPC-Lipo can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species and restore the imbalance of matrix secretion in inflammatory chondrocytes. Collectively, the proposed GA-PMPC-Lipo may provide a new idea for osteoarthritis treatment by providing both long-term effective drug action and excellent lubrication properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino has traditional applications in Chinese medicine to treat lipid abnormalities. Gypenosides (GPs), the main bioactive components of Gynostemma pentaphyllum , have been reported to exert hypolipidemic effects through multiple mechanisms. The lipid-lowering effects of GPs may be attributed to the aglycone portion resulting from hydrolysis of GPs by the gut microbiota. However, to date, there have been no reports on whether gypenoside aglycones (Agl), the primary bioactive constituents, can ameliorate hyperlipidemia by modulating the gut microbiota. This study explored the potential therapeutic effects of gypenoside aglycone (Agl) in a rat model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia. A hyperlipidemic rat model was established by feeding rats with a high-fat diet. Agl was administered orally, and serum lipid levels were analyzed. Molecular techniques, including RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fecal microbiota sequencing, were used to investigate the effects of Agl on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition. Agl administration significantly reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and mitigated hepatic damage induced by HFD. Molecular investigations have revealed the modulation of key lipid metabolism genes and proteins by Agl. Notably, Agl treatment enriched the gut microbiota with beneficial genera, including Lactobacillus , Akkermansia , and Blautia and promoted specific shifts in Lactobacillus murinus , Firmicutes bacterium CAG:424 , and Allobaculum stercoricanis. This comprehensive study established Agl as a promising candidate for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. It also exhibits remarkable hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective properties. The modulation of lipid metabolism-related genes, along with the restoration of gut microbiota balance, provides mechanistic insights. Thus, Agl has great potential for clinical applications in hyperlipidemia management. [Display omitted] • Gypenosides can be absorbed into the bloodstream by conversion to gypenoside aglycones. • Gypenoside aglycones alter the structure and abundance of intestinal flora in hyperlipidaemic rats. • Gypenoside aglycones can alter the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and serum lipid levels. • Agl intervention increased the enrichment of carbohydrate enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Urban food waste—green infrastructure nexus is feasible. • Food waste digestate significantly promoted green roof plant growth and functions. • Food waste digestate is better than digestate biochar in green roof promotion. • 20% performed better than 10% both in digestate and digestate biochar. Waste—Green Infrastructure Nexus is crucial to mitigate carbon emissions in waste disposal and promote eco-functions of green infrastructure in a circular bio-economy. Our purpose is to verify the feasibility of the nexus via "food waste anaerobic digestion — digestate/digestate biochar — green roof promotion". The results found that food waste digestate and digestate biochar significantly promoted green roof plant growth, evapotranspiration, rainwater retention, runoff reduction, and prevention of nutrient leaching. Digestate treatments were better than digestate biochar for the green roof promotion. The promotion ranked consistently with 20 % digestate > 10 % digestate > 20 % digestate biochar > 10 % digestate biochar > control in stolon growth, leaf emergence, branching of Paspalum vaginatum , green roof establishment, rainwater retention, runoff reduction, and the leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. This study demonstrated that food waste could be regenerated to promote urban green infrastructure to form a circular bio-economy by the Waste—Green Infrastructure Nexus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online rumors are widespread and difficult to identify, which bring serious harm to society and individuals. To effectively detect and govern online rumors, it is necessary to conduct in-depth semantic analysis and understand the content features of rumors. This paper proposes a TFI domain ontology construction method, which aims to achieve semantic parsing and reasoning of the rumor text content. This paper starts from the term layer, the frame layer, and the instance layer, and based on the reuse of the top-level ontology, the extraction of core literature content features, and the discovery of new concepts in the real corpus, obtains the core classes (five parent classes and 88 subclasses) of the rumor domain ontology and defines their concept hierarchy. Object properties and data properties are designed to describe relationships between entities or their features, and the instance layer is created according to the real rumor datasets. OWL language is used to encode the ontology, Protégé is used to visualize it, and SWRL rules and pellet reasoner are used to mine and verify implicit knowledge of the ontology, and judge the category of rumor text. This paper constructs a rumor domain ontology with high consistency and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A non-contact method is developed to measure the heat transfer coefficient of green roofs. • The measurement is accurate with 2.84 ∼ 3.47 % variation. • The green roof the heat transfer coefficient ranged from 2.807 ∼ 5.401 W/m2 K. • The green roof the heat transfer coefficient varied with plant species and substrate moisture. Green roofs attract wide attention for building energy conservation and sustainable development. However, the heat transfer coefficient of green roofs is not well defined. In this study, we developed a non-contact steady-state method for green roof heat transfer coefficient measurement. The apparatus required 16 min to reach the steady state, with a measurement variation of 2.84 ∼ 3.47 %. The impacts of plant species and substrate moisture on the heat transfer coefficient of green roofs were defined. The green roof with Sedum lineare (a CAM plant) performed the widest variation of heat transfer coefficient, from 2.847 W/m2 K (at the wilting point) to 5.401 W/m2 K (at the field capacity). The green roof with Paspalum vaginatum (a C4 plant) performed the least variation of heat transfer coefficient, with only 2.807 ∼ 3.069 W/m2 K from the wilting point to the field capacity. The green roof with Festuca arundinacea showed mediate variation in heat transfer coefficient, with 2.849 ∼ 4,372 W/m2 K. This work provides a method to determine green roof heat transfer coefficient and defined dynamics of heat transfer coefficients in three different green roofs, which is crucial to further elucidate the green roof heat transfer mechanism and the impact factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular characterization based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence identified Micractinium inermum JL1, a local isolate of green alga capable of growing robustly under photoautotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic culture modes. Physiochemical analyses of the alga revealed great variations in growth, lipid content, oleic acid abundance, and productivities of lipids and triacylglycerol (TAG) under various culture conditions including nitrogen concentrations, phosphorus concentrations, light intensities, salinity levels, and glucose concentrations with or without light illumination. The carbon shunt from starch and to a lesser extent from membrane lipids likely contributed to the TAG accumulation. Noteworthily, salt supplementation promoted TAG content and productivity by ~ 88% and ~ 55%, respectively. The alga could accumulate ~ 52% lipids per dry weight and achieved a high lipid productivity of 0.68 g L−1 day−1. C18:1 percentage, a biodiesel quality indicator, reached ~ 50%, and correlated well with TAG contents in a positive manner, demonstrating the feasibility of using C18:1 percentage for TAG quantification thereby avoiding time- and labor-intensive analysis. These results together indicate the potential of M. inermum JL1 as a lipid producer for future exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological and developmental disorder, and a growing body of literature suggests the presence of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in individuals with ASD. ANS is part of the "gut brain axis", which consists of an intricate interplay between the gut microbiome, mucosal immune system, enteric nervous system, ANS, and central processes receiving input from the vagus nerve. Measurements of the gut microbiome and the autonomic indices can serve as non-invasive markers of the status of the gut-brain axis in ASD. To our knowledge, no previous studies have explored the relationship between ANS and gut microbiome in individuals with ASD. Furthermore, while previous studies investigated the use of autonomic indices and gut microbiome independently as markers of ASD-related comorbidities, such as anxiety, cardiovascular issues, and gastrointestinal dysfunction, the use of combined autonomic indices and gut microbiome factors to classify ASD and control subjects has not been explored. In this study, we characterized autonomic function of a group of individuals with ASD in comparison to their paired, first-degree relative controls. Second, we explored the ASD gut-brain-axis through the relationship between gut microbiome markers and autonomic indices, as well as the correlation between the gut-brain-axis and clinical presentation of ASD. Lastly, this study explores the predictive capability of gut-brain-axis biomarkers (including autonomic and microbiome indices) in subtyping ASD cases, serving as a starting point to investigate the possibility of assisting in ASD screening and diagnosis that still heavily relies on psychological testing, which may be based on highly subjective standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static blood is the pathological product and pathogenic factor of blood stagnation in the body according to traditional Chinese medicine. Based on clinical practice, the concept of "mild blood stasis" was proposed to denote the early pathological state during the formation of blood stasis, which exists in the initial stage of many diseases. To be specific, mild blood stasis refers to the pathological state in which blood flow is slightly stagnant or blood stasis occurs only in a few unnoticeable places. It is characterized by blood stasis that is tangible but not easily noticed, blood that is stagnant but not yet causing blockage, diseases that are chronic and complication wiih other pathogenic factors. At the early stage of interstitial lung disease (ILD), as the condition is mild and manifestations of blood stasis are not prominant, harmonizing collaterals to remove blood stasis can produce a satisfactory effect. Therefore, early ILD is believed to be closely related to " mild blood stasis" in that its core pathogenesis is that disharmony between meridians and collaterals, qi stagnation and phlegm coagulation cause mild blood stasis. Clinically, it is manifested as symptoms like cough, shortness of breath and chest oppression, signs like clubbing of the fingers or toes, crackles on auscultation and other signs and changes in medical imaging results. Based on the understanding of mild blood stasis, this paper explores the prevention and treatment of early-stage ILD by harmonizing collaterals to remove blood stasis. Therapies to boost qi, nourish and invigorate blood, rectify qi and dissolve phlegm can be used to regulate lung collaterals, dispel pathogen and remove turbidity so that onset and progression ILD can be prevented. In other words, mild blood stasis can be dissolved to reverse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (GAG) plays an important role in mediating adhesion, biofilm formation, and virulence in the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The developmental modifiers MedA, StuA, and SomA regulate GAG biosynthesis, but the mechanisms underlying this regulation are poorly understood. PtaB is a lim-domain binding protein that interacts with the transcription factor SomA and is required for normal conidiation and biofilm formation. Disruption of ptaB resulted in impaired GAG production and conidiation in association with a markedly reduced expression of GAG biosynthetic genes ( uge3 and agd3), developmental regulators ( medA and stuA), and genes involved in the core conidiation pathway. Overexpression of medA and dual overexpression of uge3 and agd3 in the Δ ptaB mutant increased biofilm formation but not conidiation, whereas overexpression of core conidiation genes rescued conidiation but not biofilm formation. Overexpression of stuA modestly increased both conidiation and biofilm formation. Analysis of ptaB truncation mutants revealed that overexpression of the lim-domain binding region restored conidiation but not biofilm formation, suggesting that ptaB may govern these processes by interacting with different partners. These studies establish that PtaB governs GAG biosynthesis at the level of substrate availability and polymer deacetylation and that PtaB-mediated biofilm formation and conidiation are largely independent pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DRGConv allows each point can gather different regional features. • DRGConv module can be integrated to other backbone networks. • Information fusion from both local and global contexts on point-clouds. • DRGConv module has translational invariance. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is good at processing regular data, but point clouds are regular and discretely distributed in space. In order to handle point cloud, we use graph to relate points to points and use graph convolution to process point cloud. In neurology, it is well known that the receptive field size of visual cortical neurons is regulated by stimulation. Different sizes of receptive fields have different information. So, we construct different dynamic graph with point's neighbors to expand each point's receptive field and adaptively select the information in the different size of receptive field. So in this paper, we propose a new convolution method, Dynamic Region Graph Convolution. It consists of three parts: graph construction, region selection, feature fusion. And it is easily integrated into other popular networks. In experiment, to proof the effectiveness and robustness, we choose different k to construct graph and different number of points for training. We show the encouraging performance on point cloud data sets ModelNet40, ShapeNetPart with 93.3% and 86.2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to search for locally available and untried biomaterials in China with high removal capacity of heavy metals from wastewater, the feasibility of Spirulina maxima as biosorbent for lead removal and recovery from aqueous solution was investigated. The lead biosorption was studied by using intact biomass and pretreated biomass of S. maxima. The effects of operational conditions (e.g. pH, contact time, biomass concentration etc.) on lead biosorption were investigated. The biosorption was solution pH dependent and the maximum adsorption was obtained at a solution pH of about 5.5. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 60min. The biosorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model. The maximum removal ratios of lead were about 84% in intact biomass and 92% in pretreated biomass. The lead adsorbed could be desorbed effectively by 0.1M nitric acid, EDTA and hydrochloric acid. The results in this study indicated that pretreated biomass of S. maxima was a promising candidate for removing lead from wastewater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]