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We report new radio observations of SDSS J090122.37+181432.3, a strongly lensed star-forming galaxy at z = 2.26. We image 1.4 GHz (L -band) and 3 GHz (S -band) continuum using the Very Large Array (VLA) and 1.2 mm (band 6) continuum with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, in addition to the CO(7–6) and C i (3 P 2→3 P 1) lines, all at ≲1.″7 resolution. Based on the VLA integrated flux densities, we decompose the radio spectrum into its free–free (FF) and nonthermal components. The infrared–radio correlation parameter q TIR = 2.65 − 0.31 + 0.24 is consistent with expectations for star-forming galaxies. We obtain radio continuum-derived star formation rates (SFRs) that are free of dust extinction, finding 620 − 220 + 280 M ⊙ yr − 1 , 230 − 160 + 570 M ⊙ yr − 1 , and 280 − 120 + 460 M ⊙ yr − 1 from the FF emission, nonthermal emission, and when accounting for both emission processes, respectively, in agreement with previous results. We estimate the gas mass from the C i (3 P 2→3 P 1) line as M gas = (1.2 ± 0.2) × 1011 M ☉, which is consistent with prior CO(1–0)-derived gas masses. Using our new IR and radio continuum data to map the SFR, we assess the dependence of the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation on choices of SFR and gas tracer for ∼kpc scales. The different SFR tracers yield different slopes, with the IR being the steepest, potentially due to highly obscured star formation in J0901. The radio continuum maps have the lowest slopes and overall fidelity for mapping the SFR, despite producing consistent total SFRs. We also find that the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation slope is flattest when using CO(7–6) or C i (3 P 2→3 P 1) to trace gas mass, suggesting that those transitions are not suitable for tracing the bulk molecular gas in galaxies like J0901. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the Phoenix simulations to study the mass assembly history and internal structures of cluster dark matter haloes (⁠|$M_{200} \gtrsim 5\times 10^{14} h^{-1}{\rm M}_\odot$|⁠). We confirm that cluster haloes grow inside-out, similar to galactic haloes. Major merger events dominate the growth of the internal region and minor mergers/diffuse accretion shape the outskirts. However, compared to galactic haloes, cluster haloes tend to have a younger and more actively evolving inner region. On average, the majority of mass (⁠|$\gtrsim 80$| per cent) in the inner region (⁠|$R\lt 0.1 r_{200}$|⁠) of Phoenix haloes is accreted after |$z = 3$|⁠ , while for galactic haloes, most mass in the central region has already been accreted before |$z=6$|⁠. The density profiles of cluster haloes are less stable than those of galactic haloes over different radii. The enclosed mass within 50 or 150 kpc of all Phoenix haloes evolves substantially in the past |${\sim } 7$|  Gyr, while galactic haloes remained stable during the same period. We suggest that the relatively younger and more active state explains the various observations of cluster haloes, especially in central regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falling nets are a type of fishing gear that appeared and developed rapidly in the northern of South China Sea in the early 1990s. We have developed Light-emitting diode (LED) fishing lamps to replace metal halide (MH) lamps that reduce fuel consumption without reducing the catches. We conducted marine light-fishing experiments in the northern South China Sea during September 20 to 26, 2019 and August 29 to 31, 2021. The results in the first fishing experiment show that there is no significant change in catch of the falling-net fishing vessel when the white LED lamps (with a total power of 36 kW) were used instead of MH lamps (with a total power of 120 kW). Coleoidea catches of the falling-net fishing vessel increased significantly when white LED lamps (with a total power of 36 kW) and cyan LED lamps (with a total power of 6.0 kW) were used. The results in the second fishing experiment show that the total weight of catches of the cyan LED fishing lamps is more than that of the white LED fishing lamps, and the cyan LED light can attract Penaeus merguiensis, Thryssa dussumieri and Sardinella zunasi more effectively than the white LED light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use the 21-cm emission-line data from the Deep Investigation of Neutral Gas Origin-Very Large Array (DINGO-VLA) project to study the atomic hydrogen gas H  i of the Universe at redshifts z < 0.1. Results are obtained using a stacking analysis, combining the H  i signals from 3622 galaxies extracted from 267 VLA pointings in the G09 field of the Galaxy and Mass Assembly Survey (GAMA). Rather than using a traditional one-dimensional spectral stacking method, a three-dimensional cubelet stacking method is used to enable deconvolution and the accurate recovery of average galaxy fluxes from this high-resolution interferometric data set. By probing down to galactic scales, this experiment also overcomes confusion corrections that have been necessary to include in previous single-dish studies. After stacking and deconvolution, we obtain a 30σ H  i mass measurement from the stacked spectrum, indicating an average H  i mass of |${\rm{M_{\rm{{H}\,\small{I}}}}}=(1.67\pm 0.18)\times 10^{9}~{\rm{{\rm M}_{\odot }}}$|⁠. The corresponding cosmic density of neutral atomic hydrogen is |${\rm{\Omega _{\rm{{H}\,\small{I}}}}}=(0.38\pm 0.04)\times 10^{-3}$| at redshift of z = 0.051. These values are in good agreement with earlier results, implying there is no significant evolution of |$\Omega _{\rm{{H}\,\small{I}}}$| at lower redshifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effect of irradiation on the preservation of potatoes, fresh potatoes were selected as the irradiation objects, and irradiated with 60Co-γ radiation source for 0, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 Gy, respectively. During the irradiation, the well-packaged Y1.79Bi0.01Eu0.2MgTiO6 novel thermoluminescence dosimeter material was placed together with the potatoes at the same position. Then, the potatoes were stored in the same temperature and humidity environment, and the quality changes of the potatoes were observed. The Y1.79Bi0.01Eu0.2MgTiO6 material had good performance indicators, and was used to measure the irradiation dose of the potatoes. The experiment showed that irradiation could appropriately extend the storage time of potatoes, and gamma irradiation of about 1000 Gy could achieve the best preservation effect. The main pathogenic fungi that cause dry rot of potatoes were Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum, and the appropriate dose of 60Co-γ irradiation could effectively inhibit the spread and growth of these fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a method for stacking data cubelets extracted from interferometric surveys of galaxies in the redshifted 21-cm H}, i line. Unlike the traditional spectral stacking technique, which stacks one-dimensional spectra extracted from data cubes, we examine a method based on image domain stacks that makes deconvolution possible. To test the validity of this assumption, we mock a sample of 3622 equatorial galaxies extracted from the GAMA survey, recently imaged as part of a DINGO-VLA project. We first examine the accuracy of the method using a noise-free simulation and note that the stacked image and flux estimation are dramatically improved compared to traditional stacking. The extracted H  i mass from the deconvolved image agrees with the average input mass to within 3 per cent. However, with traditional spectral stacking, the derived H  i is incorrect by greater than a factor of 2. For a more realistic case of a stack with finite S/N, we also produced 20 different noise realizations to closely mimic the properties of the DINGO-VLA interferometric survey. We recovered the predicted average H  i mass to within ∼4 per cent. Compared with traditional spectral stacking, this technique extends the range of science applications where stacking can be used, and is especially useful for characterizing the emission from extended sources with interferometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of the drone in construction monitoring, anti-terrorism investigation, and emergency response in large buildings is the development trend of indoor navigation in the future. At present, the indoor three-dimensional (3D) map model based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) is mainly used for indoor pathfinding for pedestrians and ground mobile devices. However, it lacks the spatial description of the vertical dimension, which cannot meet the needs of the navigation application of an indoor drone. Therefore, we propose a pathfinding method for an indoor drone based on a BIM-semantic model. First, the semantic and geometric information in the BIM model is extracted and mapped to voxels to generate an indoor 3D map model called BI3DM. The model subdivides voxel types, which are suitable for subsequent pathfinding for a drone and even pedestrian. Then, a BI3DM-based pathfinding algorithm for an indoor drone is proposed. The algorithm optimizes the path for starting and target locations near the ground, and imports the drone size into the algorithm, which can obtain a more reasonable path. Finally, three types of BIM models are experimented with to verify the effectiveness of the study and its compatibility with pedestrians and ground mobile devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of salinity on reproduction, lifespan and survival rate, and the tolerance range on salinity shock of Pseudodiaptomus annandalei Sewell, was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. All individuals were fed with Platymonas subcordiformis. The total number of offspring was the most at 15 ppt, secondly was at 10 ppt among seven salinity levels during 10 days. The naupliar survival rate was the highest (98.33%) at 15 ppt when the nauplii were reared until some became adults at four salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20 ppt respectively). The highest total reproduction (334±171.6 nauplii female−1 (mean±S.D.)) and mean daily offspring (22±6.4 nauplii female− 1 day−1 (mean±S.D.)) were achieved at 15 ppt over a period of life. The optimum salinity was 15 ppt for the fecundity and the naupliar survival rate, and the appropriate salinity range was 5–20 ppt. The salinity tolerance of female P. annandalei was better than the male through comparison of their survival rate at several salinity shocks and the tolerance range of female and male were 4.5–40.5 ppt and 12.9–38.7 ppt respectively during 48 h. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Building information modeling (BIM), with detailed geometry and semantics of the indoor environment, has become an essential part of smart city development and city information modeling (CIM). However, visualizing large-scale BIM models within geographic information systems (GIS), such as virtual globes, remains a technological challenge with limited hardware resources. Previous methods generally removed indoor features in a single-source (BIM) scene to reduce the computational burden from outdoor views, which have not been applied to the multi-source and -scale geographic environment (e.g., virtual globes). This approach neglected special BIM semantics (e.g., transparent windows), which may miss a part of geographic features or buildings and cause unreasonable visualization. Besides, the method overlooked indoor visualization optimization, which may burden computing resources when visualizing big and complex buildings from indoor views. To address these problems, we propose a semantics-based method for visualizing large-scale BIM models within indoor and outdoor environments. First, we organize large-scale BIM models based on a latitude-longitude grid (LLG) in the outdoor environment; a multilayer cell-and-portal graph is used to index the structure of the BIM model and building entities. Second, we propose a scheduling algorithm to achieve the integrated visualization in indoor and outdoor environments considering BIM semantics. The application of the proposed method to a multi-scale and -source environment confirmed that it can achieve an effective and efficient visualization for huge BIM models in indoor-outdoor scenes. Compared with the previous study, the proposed method considers the BIM semantics and thus can visualize more complete features from outdoor and indoor views of BIM models in the virtual globe. Besides, the study only loads as visible data as possible, which can retain lower the volume of increased geometry, and thus keep a higher frame rate for the tested areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) often occur in estuaries due to their unique environmental heterogeneity, posing significant environmental and human health risks. However, there is limited understanding of the community composition and community‐level change points (thresholds) of harmful microalgae in subtropical estuaries. This study explored harmful microalgae community structure and thresholds in the Dafengjiang River estuary using a metabarcoding approach. The results revealed 63 harmful microalgae species, and major species included Guinardia flaccida, Prorocentrum cordatum, Thalassiosira punctigera, Pseudo‐nitzschia galaxiae and T. gravida. Nonparametric change‐point analysis and threshold indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) showed threshold responses of harmful microalgae community structure to ammonium (57.5–60 μg·L−1), total phosphorus (27.8–28.5 μg·L−1) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (14.5–28 μg·L−1) along the salinity gradient. Wider environmental thresholds were also found in hypersaline areas. Additionally, Pyrodinium bahamense, Pfiesteria piscicida, Skeletonema tropicum and T. punctigera were sensitive to environmental changes and thus could be used as bioindicators. Overall, our study unveiled diverse abrupt transitions of harmful microalgal communities, providing a risk assessment for human health and ecological safety in subtropical estuary ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods for the generation of indoor geographic information system (GIS) models based on building information modelling (BIM) models can promote the analysis and application of indoor GIS, avoiding the complexity of traditional indoor space collection. The indoor adjacency relations (i.e., the attribute of IndoorGML) play a vital role in the adjacent query and analysis in indoor GIS applications (i.e., obtaining the neighbors or affected spaces of a cellular space in a building). However, current methods ignore the important feature, which considerably limits the spatial analysis ability of indoor GIS. Therefore, we developed a method for the generation of indoor GIS models based on BIM models to support adjacent analysis of indoor spaces. The method first devised an indoor GIS model (IGSM) by integrating spatial features (mainly adjacency relations) and the BIM model. Then, we proposed rapid modeling algorithms to mainly establish indoor adjacency relations based on the IGSM. Moreover, in the potential application of indoor GIS (e.g., indoor emergency response), we proposed a K-adjacent analysis algorithm to improve the application ability of the adjacent analysis of indoor GIS. Finally, experimental results suggest its validity and efficiency, which has substantial practical significance for the subsequent analysis and application of 3D GIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio is a salt‐tolerant heterotrophic bacterium that occupies an important ecological niche in marine environments. However, little is known about the contribution of resource diversity to the marine Vibrio diversity and community stability. In this study, we investigated the association among resource diversity, taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and community stability of marine Vibrio in the Beibu Gulf. V. campbellii and V. hangzhouensis were the dominant groups in seawater and sediments, respectively, in the Beibu Gulf. Higher alpha diversity was observed in the sediments than in the seawater. Marine Vibrio community assembly was dominated by deterministic processes. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that nitrite (NO2−$$ {\mathrm{NO}}_2^{-} $$‐N), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), ammonium (NH4+$$ {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+} $$‐N), and pH were the main factors affecting marine Vibrio community stability in the surface, middle, and bottom layers of seawater and sediment, respectively. Partial least‐squares path models (PLS‐PM) demonstrated that resource diversity, water properties, nutrients, and geographical distance had important impacts on phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity. Regression analysis revealed that the impact of resource diversity on marine Vibrio diversity and community stability varied across different habitats, but loss of Vibrio diversity increases community stability. Overall, this study provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of Vibrio diversity and community stability in marine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vibrio is a salt‐tolerant heterotrophic bacterium that occupies an important ecological niche in marine environments. However, little is known about the contribution of resource diversity to the marine Vibrio diversity and community stability. In this study, we investigated the association among resource diversity, taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and community stability of marine Vibrio in the Beibu Gulf. V. campbellii and V. hangzhouensis were the dominant groups in seawater and sediments, respectively, in the Beibu Gulf. Higher alpha diversity was observed in the sediments than in the seawater. Marine Vibrio community assembly was dominated by deterministic processes. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that nitrite (NO2−$$ {\mathrm{NO}}_2^{-} $$‐N), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), ammonium (NH4+$$ {\mathrm{NH}}_4^{+} $$‐N), and pH were the main factors affecting marine Vibrio community stability in the surface, middle, and bottom layers of seawater and sediment, respectively. Partial least‐squares path models (PLS‐PM) demonstrated that resource diversity, water properties, nutrients, and geographical distance had important impacts on phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity. Regression analysis revealed that the impact of resource diversity on marine Vibrio diversity and community stability varied across different habitats, but loss of Vibrio diversity increases community stability. Overall, this study provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of Vibrio diversity and community stability in marine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • This paper took economic factor into account in the decomposition model. • Analyzing the trend of factors that influencing the transportation sectors. • Comparing the difference of the same factor played on passenger and freight transportation. • Solving the economic and management problem among the decomposition results. Abstract To identify the similarities and differences of the role that driving factors playing in carbon dioxide emissions between passenger and freight transportation sectors, this work uses an LMDI (Log-Mean Divisia Index) method to decompose factors that influence carbon dioxide emissions in China's passenger and freight transportation sectors between 1990 and 2015. The results indicate that: (1) Carbon dioxide emissions of passenger and freight transportation underwent growth from 1990 to 2015; (2) Per capita GDP, and population promoted the increase of carbon dioxide emissions for both passenger and freight transportation, and transportation structure promoted the increase of carbon dioxide emissions for freight. Among them the economic factor made the biggest contribution; (3) Activity intensity restrained the increase of carbon dioxide emissions and transportation structure restrained the increase of carbon dioxide emissions for passenger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The miniaturization of integrated circuits has led to a shift in lead frame fabrication methods from physical stamping to chemical etching. However, this process is highly sensitive to residual stress. We investigated the gradient distribution of residual stress, microstructure, and macroscopic texture in electronic copper foils using a layer-by-layer peeling method, and proposed a novel strategy for evaluating residual stress levels. Our findings reveal that the rolling-induced residual stress exhibits a gradient distribution along the thickness direction. Specifically, from the surface to the central layer, the stress transitions gradually from tensile to compressive, with the stress type primarily influenced by metal flow during rolling. Additionally, we observed gradient variations in the S and Cube texture. Tensile stress favors the formation of Cube-texture, while compressive stress promotes S-texture development. Notably, Cube-texture can lead to strain localization during rolling, directly impacting the local residual stress levels and distribution. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of dislocation density using peak profile methods revealed a consistent trend between {111} plane dislocation density and lateral residual stress. Further investigation highlighted that dislocations and precipitates associated with {111} planes in face-centered cubic metals significantly influence residual stress, with their combined effects determining the overall stress magnitude in relation to texture, dislocations, and precipitates. • The gradient distribution of a series of micro and macro structures is studied. • Comprehensive evaluation strategy for residual stress of copper strip is presented. • The crystal orientation correlation of residual stress distribution was found. • The mechanism of gradient evolution of residual stress were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the investigation, the effect of starvation on the feeding ability, growth and survival rate of juvenile seahorses of Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach and Hippocampus kuda Bleeker during their early development was investigated. Newborn seahorses of H. trimaculatus and H. kuda could feed on prey and showed a great tolerance for starvation at temperatures of 23–25 and salinities of 32–33 ppt. When kept on starvation regimes of 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, the first feeding rate (the proportion of juveniles within a sample with food in the gut) of juveniles of H. trimaculatus was 60%, 80%, 60%, 20% and 10%, respectively, and the first feeding intensity (the number of copepods consumed per juvenile per 60 min) was 5.3, 31.4, 7.6, 0.7 and 0.7 copepods per juvenile per hour, respectively. The first feeding rate of juveniles of H. kuda was 80%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 10% and 0, respectively, and the feeding intensity was 6.5, 20.2, 45.8, 14.5 and 0.7 copepods per juvenile per hour, respectively. Juveniles of H. trimaculatus reached the point-of-no-return (PNR) at 116.7 h postpartum and the PNR of juveniles of H. kuda was 115.6 h. The survival rate of the 24 h starvation group of H. trimaculatus was the highest, at 80.8±2.9% (P <0.05). When starved for more than 72 h, no H. trimaculatus juvenile could survive past 6 days. The survival rates of the 24 and 48 h starvation group of H. kuda were higher than that of controls at 7 days postpartum. However, when starving for more than 72 h, the longer the time of starvation, the lower the survival rates. The standard length of juveniles (H. kuda or H. trimaculatus) of starvation groups was significantly different from that of controls (P <0.05). The relationship between the satiation amount and the age of juveniles of H. trimaculatus could be formulated: SA=0.0284e0.2135D (R 2 =0.9567, P <0.01). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Seahorses are an important commercial and cultural commodity for medicinal and ornamental use. The effects of food, temperature and light intensity on the feeding behavior of juvenile seahorses, Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach, were investigated. All four age groups of juveniles (5-day, 10-day, 15-day and 30-day groups) tested had only one feeding peak in the afternoon, but the time of the peak differed significantly among groups. The major feeding peak of the 5-day and 30-day groups was at 1430h, the 10-day group at 1630–1830h and the 15-day group at 1630h (P <0.05). For the first 3days, the juveniles preferred copepod (Pseudodiaptomus annandalei) nauplii and Moina (Moina mongolia) nauplii. They altered their feed to copepodites from 4days to 10days and, over 10days, they began to eat copepod adults and Moina. The abilities of juveniles to digest and assimilate their feed were related to developmental stages. It took to digest the feed entirely, 2.5h at 5days postpartum, 3.5h at 10days postpartum and 4h at 15days postpartum. Water temperature affected significantly the feeding rate of juveniles (P <0.01) with an optimum temperature at 26°C. Light intensity also affected the feeding rates of different juvenile groups (P <0.01): 1834lx was the best light intensity to feed juveniles of the 1-day group, 1014lx in the 5-day group and 510lx in the 10-day group. The relationship between the standard length and the wet weight of juveniles was found to be exponential: W =10−2.72211SL2.690562 (R 2 =0.984064, P <0.01). The results obtained in this investigation contribute to the aquaculture potential of H. trimaculatus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Cu-Ni-Si alloys are widely used due to their good electrical conductivities in combination with high strength and hardness. In the present work, minor-alloying with M = (Cr, Fe, Mo, Zr) was conducted for the objective of further improving their hardness while maintaining their conductivity level. A cluster-plus-glue-atom model was introduced to design the compositions of M-alloyed Cu-Ni-Si alloys, in which an ideal composition formula [(Ni,Si,M)-Cu 12 ]Cu 3 (molar proportion) was proposed. To guarantee the complete precipitation of solute elements in fine δ-Ni 2 Si precipitates, the atomic ratio of (Ni,M)/Si was set as 2/1. Thus the designed alloy series of Cu 93.75 (Ni/Zr) 3.75 Si 2.08 (Cr/Fe/Mo) 0.42 (at%) were arc-melted into ingots under argon atmosphere, and solid-solutioned at 950 °C for 1 h plus water quenching and then aged at 450 °C for different hours. The experimental results showed that these designed alloys exhibit high hardness ( HV > 1.7 GPa ) and good electrical conductivities (≥ 35% IACS). Specifically, the quinary Cu 93.75 Ni 3.54 Si 2.08 (Cr/Fe) 0.42 Zr 0.21 alloys (Cu-3.32Ni-0.93Si-0.37(Cr/Fe)−0.30Zr wt%) possess both a high hardness with HV = 2.5–2.7 GPa , comparable to the high-strength KLFA85 alloy (Cu-3.2Ni-0.7Si-1.1Zn wt%, HV = 2.548 GPa), and a good electrical conductivity (35–36% IACS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of different food (live Acetes spp., live Mysis spp., frozen Mysis spp., and mixed food of 50% live Acetes spp. and 50% frozen Mysis spp.) on gonad development of seahorses, Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, was evaluated in this experiment. The developmental durations of testes and ovary of seahorses were significantly different among the four experimental treatments. The live Acetes spp. treatment presented the shortest developmental durations to stage V, which were 87.6±3.84 days and 89.2±3.71 days, respectively, for ovary and testes. The frozen Mysis spp. treatment had the longest developmental durations (F 3,15 =13.284, P <0.05). The relationship between developmental duration of the ovary and gonad developmental stages could be formulated: Y 1 =12.04x +24.36 (r 2 =0.9722, n =16, P <0.05). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of parent seahorses among the four treatments differed significantly (F 3,15 =18.364, P <0.05). The standard GSI of seahorses fed live Acetes spp. was 15.64±1.65%, which was the highest. Feeding live food had a significant effect on the fecundity and spawning of seahorses. The fecundity and spawning number of the live Acetes spp. treatment were 598±45.49 and 552±49.19 individuals, respectively, which were dramatically higher than those of frozen treatment (F 3,19 =34.152, P <0.05). Live food also had a similar effect on the fertilization and hatching rate during the embryonic development of seahorses (F 3,19 =11.386, P <0.05). Food treatment could also induce an indirect effect on survival rate of juveniles through gonadal and embryonic development of the parents (F 3,15 =14.519, P <0.05). In this experiment, the mortality within parent seahorses in the frozen Mysis spp. treatment was the highest (15.1±6.55%), and the survival of juveniles was the highest in the live Acetes spp. treatment (90.4±2.26% at 10 days). In conclusion, feeding live Acetes spp. significantly benefited the gonadal and embryonic development of H. kuda. The effect of temperature (22 °C, 24 °C, 26 °C, 28 °C, 30 °C and 32 °C) on the hatching time of H. kuda was also studied. We demonstrated that the higher the temperature, the shorter the hatching time, as well as the higher the hatching speed. The relationship between hatching time and temperature could be expressed: T =−39.337 t +677.75 (r 2 =0.9755, n =30, P <0.05). In this finding, we provided the sum of effective temperature (SET) and threshold temperature of embryonic development of H. kuda (14066.9 °C h−1 and 13.7 °C, respectively). This new information on the effect of feeding type and culture temperature is beneficial for the commercial rearing and breeding industry of this species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Although many reports have demonstrated the sustained increase in bone mineral density (BMD) at trabecular sites in primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) after parathyroidectomy (PTX), there have been no data available on BMD changes over the long-term in pHPT patients with and without PTX in Japanese population. The present study was designed to investigate long-term BMD changes at both trabecular and cortical sites in Japanese pHPT patients with or without PTX. The subjects were 97 patients who had been followed up in Kobe University Hospital for at least 1 year up to 6 years with or without PTX. PTX was recommended to all patients whose pathological parathyroid gland(s) could be determined by image diagnosis. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L2–L4) and at distal one-third of the radius (R1/3) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (QDR2000). Serum levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined at the time of the BMD measurement. Significant increases in any of the indices of BMD from the baseline values were observed within three months after PTX, followed by sustained increases over 6 years at L2–L4 even in postmenopausal women. Radial BMD also showed a marked increase six years after PTX. L2–L4 eventually reached the normal BMD but R1/3 did not. The percentage changes in L2–L4 were positively and significantly correlated with the preoperative PTH levels over the study period. However, the percentage changes in R1/3 showed a significant correlation with the preoperative PTH levels only 5 and 6 years after PTX. In the patients without PTX, no obvious changes in biochemical indices and BMD were observed over the six years. We demonstrated that PTX led to marked and sustained increases in BMD not only at L2–L4 but also at R1/3 in Japanese pHPT patients, including postmenopausal women. The preoperative PTH level could be a clinically useful index for predicting long-term BMD changes after PTX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]