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Background Although primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) associated with podocyte autoantibodies (POS) is becoming well-known, the molecular characteristics of the specific type of pMN that is negative for podocyte autoantibodies (NEG) is still unclear. Methods We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing and single-cell B cell receptor sequencing on circulating CD19+ cells and kidney cells of a NEG paediatric patient with pMN. The single-cell datasets of POS patients and healthy control individuals were included for integrative analysis. Results The gene expression characteristics and clonal expansion of naïve and memory B cells in the NEG patient changed significantly. We found that a group of CD38+ naïve B cells expanded in the NEG patient, which had the functional characteristics of cell activation. In addition, the conversion between immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgD and IgG1 in the NEG patient was increased. Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) and podocytes shared similar signature genes (WT1, CLIC5), and new candidate marker genes for PECs, such as NID2, CAV1 and THY1 , might contribute to the definition of cell subsets. PECs might have undergone significant changes in the disease, mainly manifested by changes in the expression of CCN2, PLAAT4 and SEPTIN2. The scores of gene sets related to extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and calcium channel in podocytes of the NEG patient was significantly increased. The gene expression of sodium transporter in a group of proximal tubule cells in the disease was significantly increased, especially SLC5A12 , which might be related to the oedema of patients. Conclusions Our research demonstrated the cell type–specific molecular features in the circulation and kidney of the NEG pMN patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current study is to accelerate the understanding of how tofacitinib works in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to the lack of relevant information.We selected ten patients with active RA and obtained the expression profile for their peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after the tofacitinib treatment by RNA sequencing. The gene set enrichment analysis was conducted, and the significantly enriched gene sets were identified. The hub gene highly correlated with clinical parameters in the gene set was selected. We constructed the weighted gene co-expression network, linked modules with clinical indicators, and screened hub genes. The expression of representative hub genes was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).Gene set interferon (IFN) α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment. In this gene set, genes Oas2 and Oasl showed a significant positive correlation with morning stiffness. In co-expression network, gene Vgll3 from the violet module with the highest correlation coefficient, was positively correlated with morning stiffness. Among them, Oasl and Vgll3 have shown significant down-regulation in qPCR validation.Our results highlighted the role of type I IFN, mainly including IFN α and IFN β, in the pathogenesis of RA and action for tofacitinib, and provided a new entry point for further elucidating the mechanism of morning stiffness.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib.Method: The current study is to accelerate the understanding of how tofacitinib works in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to the lack of relevant information.We selected ten patients with active RA and obtained the expression profile for their peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after the tofacitinib treatment by RNA sequencing. The gene set enrichment analysis was conducted, and the significantly enriched gene sets were identified. The hub gene highly correlated with clinical parameters in the gene set was selected. We constructed the weighted gene co-expression network, linked modules with clinical indicators, and screened hub genes. The expression of representative hub genes was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).Gene set interferon (IFN) α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment. In this gene set, genes Oas2 and Oasl showed a significant positive correlation with morning stiffness. In co-expression network, gene Vgll3 from the violet module with the highest correlation coefficient, was positively correlated with morning stiffness. Among them, Oasl and Vgll3 have shown significant down-regulation in qPCR validation.Our results highlighted the role of type I IFN, mainly including IFN α and IFN β, in the pathogenesis of RA and action for tofacitinib, and provided a new entry point for further elucidating the mechanism of morning stiffness.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib.Results: The current study is to accelerate the understanding of how tofacitinib works in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to the lack of relevant information.We selected ten patients with active RA and obtained the expression profile for their peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after the tofacitinib treatment by RNA sequencing. The gene set enrichment analysis was conducted, and the significantly enriched gene sets were identified. The hub gene highly correlated with clinical parameters in the gene set was selected. We constructed the weighted gene co-expression network, linked modules with clinical indicators, and screened hub genes. The expression of representative hub genes was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).Gene set interferon (IFN) α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment. In this gene set, genes Oas2 and Oasl showed a significant positive correlation with morning stiffness. In co-expression network, gene Vgll3 from the violet module with the highest correlation coefficient, was positively correlated with morning stiffness. Among them, Oasl and Vgll3 have shown significant down-regulation in qPCR validation.Our results highlighted the role of type I IFN, mainly including IFN α and IFN β, in the pathogenesis of RA and action for tofacitinib, and provided a new entry point for further elucidating the mechanism of morning stiffness.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib.Conclusions: The current study is to accelerate the understanding of how tofacitinib works in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) due to the lack of relevant information.We selected ten patients with active RA and obtained the expression profile for their peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after the tofacitinib treatment by RNA sequencing. The gene set enrichment analysis was conducted, and the significantly enriched gene sets were identified. The hub gene highly correlated with clinical parameters in the gene set was selected. We constructed the weighted gene co-expression network, linked modules with clinical indicators, and screened hub genes. The expression of representative hub genes was validated by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).Gene set interferon (IFN) α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment. In this gene set, genes Oas2 and Oasl showed a significant positive correlation with morning stiffness. In co-expression network, gene Vgll3 from the violet module with the highest correlation coefficient, was positively correlated with morning stiffness. Among them, Oasl and Vgll3 have shown significant down-regulation in qPCR validation.Our results highlighted the role of type I IFN, mainly including IFN α and IFN β, in the pathogenesis of RA and action for tofacitinib, and provided a new entry point for further elucidating the mechanism of morning stiffness.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib.Key Points• Gene set IFN α and IFN β signaling was the most significantly down-regulated after tofacitinib treatment in RA patients.• Gene Oasl and Vgll3 were correlated with morning stiffness and significantly down-regulated due to the action of tofacitinib.• Type I IFN system was highlighted in the action of tofacitinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous work suggests that the experiences of online and offline self‐disclosure are heterogeneous among individuals. Yet little work has been done to identify the moderating role of individual characteristics and pre‐existing relationship characteristics on the diverse relational outcomes. The present study using a 7‐day diary design examined whether individuals' self‐esteem level and relational closeness would moderate the relationships between online and offline self‐disclosure to offline friends and two relational outcomes, that is, relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships. The analyses on 686 diary responses from 98 participants revealed that offline self‐disclosure generally predicted greater relationship satisfaction and trust in friendships, whereas the role of online self‐disclosure was not statistically significant. More importantly, self‐esteem moderated the pattern associated with offline self‐disclosure but not that with online self‐disclosure. Specifically, offline self‐disclosure predicted greater benefits to people with lower self‐esteem relative to people with higher self‐esteem. Moreover, pre‐existing relational closeness moderated the relationship between offline self‐disclosure and trust in friendships such that casual friendships benefited more from offline self‐disclosure than close friendships did. The present study highlights the importance of personal characteristics and relationship characteristics in understanding the heterogeneous relational influence of different communication modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on petrology, mineralogy, carbon and oxygen isotope composition, trace element composition, geochemical characteristics of carbonate rocks are systematically analyzed in the saline lacustrine basin environment in the Qaidam Basin, northwestern China. The results show that: (1) The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions show carbonate rocks were deposited between open lake and closed lake environment; (2) the Sr/Ba ratio is greater than 1 with an average of 2.01; the Sr/Cu ratio is greater than 5 with an average of 109.04; the U/Th average value ratio is less than 1 with an average of 0.62. These data indicated the carbonate rocks deposited in an salinization, drought, and reducing lacustrine environments; (3) ΣREE values range from 39.41 to 162.67 ppm with an average of 87.67 ppm, and negative anomaly of Eu occurs in REE distribution patterns; and (4) lithologies of carbonate rocks are mainly composed of dark gray or black carbonates, commonly associated with salts deposition due to different lacustrine facies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a manufacturing method for straight internal beveloid gear pair by shaper cutter with parallel axes between the cutter and the gear blank. The cutting motions are represented using three degrees of freedom that are the rotation along its axes, translations along the axial and radial directions. With the proposed method, the beveloid gear with a linear or nonlinear variable profile shift coefficient along the tooth width direction can be generated and the tilt deviations by the inclined cutting tool shaft can be avoided. The mathematical description of shaper cutter and the coordinate systems for the cutting procedure were defined. And the mathematical model of external and internal beveloid gears were derived and the loaded tooth contact analysis were conducted. Results show that the teeth mesh in at the toe and mesh out at the heel. The length of the simultaneous contact line on tooth surface increases first and then decreases due to the cone angle. As the load increases, the mesh area, contact pressure, mean value of mesh stiffness and the peak-peak value of angular transmission error are increased due to the elastic deformation. However, the speeds of the increase tendency slow down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the exploration of stratigraphic reservoirs, the key to locating these reservoirs is to identify the sandstone distribution. Seismic data can be used to recognize large-scale distributary-channel sedimentary bodies; however, depiction of sedimentary bodies in small distributary channels using traditional interpretation data from seismic profiles is extremely difficult. In the Upper Cretaceous first sandstone bed of the third member of the Nenjiang Formation (called the Nen 3 member for simplicity) in the XB area of the southern Songliao basin, distributary channels are the main sedimentary facies. The distributary channels migrate frequently; therefore, it is difficult to precisely depict the morphology of the channel and the distribution of sandstone. In this study, we investigated the deposition of distributary channels using equal-scale formation plane seismic attributes such as post-stack amplitude, instantaneous amplitude and seismic waveform classification, analyzed well logging data from target formations, and mapped the distribution of distributary channels. This study shows that seismic sedimentological study and stacking multiple attribute analysis can identify the distribution of distributary channels precisely and effectively. The attributes of equal-scale strata slices are evidently superior to those of time and horizon slices; Attribute extraction and selection of equal-scale formation slices is an essential step. The comprehensive selection of seismic attributes that show a good correlation to a single-well can be used to clearly depict channel bodies. The overlap of the 40-Hz single-frequency energy and the RMS amplitude depicts the sedimentary characteristics and shapes of sandstone bodies in main channels as well as small-scale distributary channels more clearly than a single attribute. These attributes show that the first sandstone bed of the Nen 3 member was from distributary channels with complex shapes. The distributary channels cut across each other vertically and laterally. It indicates that, during the deposition of the Nen 3 member in XB area, the direction of the main channel is from north to south, and the provenance could be from north and east. The method of this paper may provide some helpful suggestions to the geologist using seismic attributes to undertake research on sedimentary environment at other places in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogenic methane is a variety of metabolites generated by methane bacteria, consuming a simple-nutrition organic substrate under anaerobic conditions. Due to the shallow depth at which it is generally produced, biogenic methane is easily released into the atmosphere, becoming a significant contributor to the greenhouse effect. However, if suitable collection methods are employed, biogenic methane can be gathered and used as a clean and efficient energy source. The Qaidam Basin is a large saline lake basin in the Tibetan Plateau, which is rich in biogenetic gas. During the Quaternary period, the area's sedimentary center moved to the east of the Qaidam Basin. This resulted in the deposition of thick lacustrine sedimentary strata in the basin. Lacustrine mudstone is the primary source rock for biogenetic gas, and as a result, the gas is mostly found in the lacustrine strata of siltstone. In addition, evaporated lacustrine saline calcareous mudstone forms an effective covering layer for the gas. These lacustrine sedimentary strata provide both a favorable hydrocarbon accumulation environment and good preservation conditions for biogenic gas. As such, they could be converted into structural or lithologic gas reservoirs, through biogenic methane lateral migration with a suitable reservoir-cap configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of medical technology and the development of human society, the incidence of chronic heart failure is increasing and has become a serious threat to human health. Many patients with chronic heart failure often suffer from sleep disorder, which in turn worsens the condition of patients with chronic heart failure. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of chronic heart failure with sleep disorder. Chronic heart failure with sleep disorder is a common "psycho-cardiological disease". In this paper, we discuss the relationship between the theory of "heart storing the spirit" and chronic heart failure with sleep disorder by explaining the theory of "heart storing the spirit" in TCM and combining the understanding of chronic heart failure with sleep disorder in western medicine. Under the guidance of theories of TCM and the simultaneous treatment of psychocardiological disease, the main therapeutic principles are to nourish the heart and calm the mind, invigorate blood and dissolve stasis, and soothe the liver and resolve constraint. We analyze and summarize its efficacy and advantages, so as to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure with sleep disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of high specific surface area activated carbon from rice husk for the removal of ofloxacin from medical wastewater. The optimum conditions for the preparation of activated carbon were a nitrogen doping ratio of 1:1:4 and an activation temperature of 800 °C (AC). The samples were characterised by N 2 adsorption isotherms, BET, FT-IR, TGA, XPS and SEM. The data showed that the specific surface area of AC was up to 1818.20 m2 g−1 with a total pore volume of 1.12 cm3 g−1. AC formed N-containing functional groups on the surface and had good thermal stability. Scientific batch experiment studies were conducted to investigate the effect of pH, initial concentration, temperature and coexisting ions on the ofloxacin adsorption. The q e reached a maximum value of 780 ± 20 mg g−1 and maintained a removal efficiency of 51.1% after four regeneration cycles. The adsorption equilibrium data and the adsorption process were well represented by Langmuir model and general-order kinetic model, respectively. Thermodynamic studies of adsorption had shown that the adsorption process was autogenous and endothermic. Possible adsorption mechanisms for this material were also analysed. Finally, treatment of synthetic medical wastewater with AC resulted in a high removal rate of 98.3%. The superior adsorption properties combined with ease of preparation, ease of separation and excellent regeneration properties, make this material potentially effective for the removal ofloxacin from real medical wastewater. [Display omitted] • Optimal preparation conditions for N-doped AC were studied. • The maximum sorption capacity of AC was 780 mg g−1. • Various mechanisms for efficient adsorption of N-doped AC were analyzed. • Removal of ofloxacin from synthetic medical wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sandy debris flow is a new genetic type of sand bodies, which has gained much attention in recent years and its corresponding theory is proved to be a significant improvement and even partial denial to the 'Bouma Sequence' and 'turbidite fan' deep-water sedimentary theories to some point. Oil exploration researchers are highly concerned with sandy debris flows for its key role in controlling oil and gas accumulation processes. In this article, by applying sandy debris flows theory and combining a lot work of core, outcrop observation and analysis plus seismic profile interpretation, we recognized three types of sedimentary gravity flows that are sandy debris flows, classic turbidites and slumping rocks in chang-6 member of Yanchang Formation in the deep-water area of central Ordos Basin. Among the three types, the sandy debris flows are the most prominent and possesses the best oil bearing conditions. On the contrary, the classic turbidites formed by turbidity currents are limited in distribution; therefore, previous Yanchang Formation deep-water sedimentary studies have exaggerated the importance of turbidite currents deposition. Further study showed that the area distribution of deep water gravity flow sand bodies in Yanchang Formation were controlled by the slope of the deep-water deposits and the flows had vast distribution, huge depth and prevalent advantages for oil forming, which make it one of the most favorable new areas for Ordos Basin prospecting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cellular phospholipids undergo deacylation and reacylation through a process known as Lands cycle. In this report, we provide evidence demonstrating that yeast YOR175c, herein designated as LCA1, encodes a key component of the Lands cycle, the acyl-CoA: lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT). Deletion of LCA1 resulted in a drastic reduction in LPCAT activity, while over expression led to a several fold increase in enzyme activity. We further show that disruption of LCA1 caused an enhanced production of glycerophosphorylcholine, a product of phosphatidylcholine (PC) deacylation and that the lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase SLC1 was not involved in this process. Identification of LCA1 provides an essential molecular tool for further study of Lands cycle in PC turnover. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Discussion xenon and microwave sulfur lamps, their visible light emission, and their infrared radiation. The high efficiency of sulfur lamps in terms of illumination and energy consumption; Agricultural application of the lamp investigated by experiments with wheat (cv. Yangmai 158); The effects of xenon and sulfur lamps' illumination on tillering, jointing and net photosynthetic rate during tillering and jointing periods; Indication there is little difference in net photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves growing under different lamps; Finding that Xenon lamps advance the time of jointing, decrease the number of tillers total leaves per plant, and leaf size, and inhibit root growth; Finding that sulfur lamps delay the time of heading and grain maturation, increase the number of heads per plant, head length, total number of grains per plant, head weight, total grain weight per plant, and increase yield per plant; Suggestion that strong infrared radiation could influence jointing and tillering; Similarity of wheat's development under sulfur lamp and in natural condition.

An innovative "material-component-whole" evaluation model was used to assess the overall protective performance of gas masks against ammonia. Coconut shell-based carbon (AC-S), coconut shell-impregnated carbon (ACCu-S), coal-based carbon (AC-C), and coal-impregnated carbon (ACCu-C) were chosen as the adsorbents for this study. The physicochemical characteristics of the activated carbon samples were analyzed through SEM, BET, FT-IR, EA, XPS and XRD tests. This research delves into the breakthrough curves of ammonia gas by the activated carbon and canisters under varying concentrations of ammonia, ambient temperatures, airflow velocities, and relative humidity, also exploring the breakthrough curves of ammonia gas by gas masks under different ammonia concentrations and airflow patterns while considering both dynamic and static adsorption of activated carbon. The empirical results show that increased levels of ammonia concentration, ambient temperature, and airflow velocities lead to decreased protection duration of activated carbon and canisters. Conversely, an elevation in the relative humidity within the ammonia gas stream results in an expansion of the protection time. This study found a linear correlation between the protection time of S and C canisters and the corresponding protection time of the impregnated carbon. Lastly, the protective time of gas masks in sinusoidal airflow mode is highlighted as having a more significant impact. [Display omitted] • The comprehensive evaluation system was built to assess the performance of as-prepared AC against NH 3. • Adsorption process of ammonia on as-prepared AC and the influencing factors were studied. • Comparing sinusoidal airflow with constant airflow. • Analysis of ammonia adsorption under four variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging is a gradual, inevitable physiologic process. The organ aging is related to the persistence of chronic inflammation, but the understanding of inflammatory state during renal aging is lacking currently. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed on aging mouse kidney to reveal the molecular phenotype and composition changes of different cell types. In the early stage of aging, immune cells such as T, B cells and mononuclear macrophages increased in kidney. The molecular state of T cells in aging kidney changed and polarized. Among them, we identified a group of GZMK + CD8 + T cells with high expression of Eomes , Pdcd1 and Ifng and a group of Il17a + T cells with high expression of Il17a and Il23r. Moreover, the cytokines and inflammations can aggravate tissue damage eventually. Furthermore, we found the interaction between different types of epithelial cells and T cells increased during the renal aging. These results identify the changes of T cells in the early stage of aging kidney and suggest that GZMK+CD8+ T cells might be a potential target to ameliorate age-associated dysfunctions of kidney(Graphical Abstract). [Display omitted] • Kidney undergoes the most severe structural and functional deterioration with aging. • Organ aging is related to chronic inflammation, and persist inflammation hinders intrinsic cell repair. • Immune cells increased in the early stage of kidney aging. • The molecular state of T cells in aging kidney changed and polarized. • The crosstalk between different types of epithelial cells and immune cells increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing adoption of industrial Ethernet in train communication network (TCN), the limitations of insufficient reliability and incompatibility between different Ethernet technologies have become increasingly apparent. To address these challenges, time‐sensitive networking (TSN) has emerged as a solution, enabling multi‐network convergence and enhancing data transmission determinism and reliability through techniques such as frame replication and elimination for reliability (FRER). However, the utilization of these policies will adversely affect schedulability due to increased network load. To address the issue of link failures in TCN topologies, a routing policy based on faulty link diagnosis is proposed. The proposed policy utilizes an improved max‐min ant system (IMMAS) for diagnosing and resolving faulty links. Furthermore, a routing optimization algorithm is introduced to enhance transmission reliability by planning alternative paths for traffic. To evaluate the performance of the proposed routing algorithm, multiple sets of test cases are conducted separately under different failure scenarios to compare them with other routing policies. The results demonstrate the superior reliability of the proposed routing policy over alternative approaches. Additionally, the traffic utilizing the proposed routing policy show improved schedulability following integer linear programming (ILP) scheduling. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible actuators are a kind of driving device that can convert one or more stimuli in the environment into mechanical motion, and are an important part of the field of smart materials and have been widely used in information technology, biosensors, intelligent robotics and other fields. However, designing a flexible actuator with fast response and multiple stimulus response characteristics is still challenging. In this study, based on the hydrophilicity of the GO layer and the high photothermal performance of the PDANP/PDMS layer, a bilayer flexible actuator (BFA) capable of simultaneously responding to stimuli such as light, heat, and humidity was prepared. Due to the asymmetric structure of the bilayer, the BFA exhibits different bending directions and angles under light, heat, and humidity stimuli with fast, reversible, and controllable bending deformation. In addition, based on this BFA with multiple responses, bionic devices, such as flexible grippers, smart curtains, and smart switches, have been designed to broaden their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients frequently die from cardiac causes after radiotherapy for esophageal cancer. Early detection of cardiac death risk in these patients is crucial to improve clinical decision‐making and prognosis. Thus, we modeled the risk of cardiac death after irradiation for esophageal cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 37,599 esophageal cancer cases treated with radiotherapy in the SEER database between 2000 and 2018 was performed. The selected cases were randomly assigned to the model development group (n = 26,320) and model validation group (n = 11,279) at a ratio of 7:3. We identified the risk factors most commonly associated with cardiac death by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis (LASSO). The endpoints for model development and validation were 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates. The net clinical benefit of the models was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA) and concordance index (C‐index). The performance of the models was further assessed by creating a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Kaplan‐Meier (K‐M) survival analysis was performed on the probability of death. Patients were classified according to death probability thresholds. Five‐ and ten‐year survival rates for the two groups were shown using K‐M curves. Results: The major risk factors for cardiac death were age, surgery, year of diagnosis, sequence of surgery and radiotherapy, chemotherapy and a number of tumors, which were used to create the nomogram. The C‐indexes of the nomograms were 0.708 and 0.679 for the development and validation groups, respectively. DCA showed the good net clinical benefit of nomograms in predicting 5‐ and 10‐year risk of cardiac death. The model exhibited moderate predictive power for 5‐ and 10‐year cardiac mortality (AUC: 0.833 and 0.854, respectively), and for the development and validation cohorts (AUC: 0.76 and 0.813, respectively). Conclusions: Our nomogram may assist clinicians in making clinical decisions about patients undergoing radiotherapy for esophageal cancer based on early detection of cardiac death risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Efforts to develop a green, inexpensive and effective adsorbent are crucial for eliminating antibiotics in polluted water. The sorption capacity of the as-prepared polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-assisted cellulose nanocrystals/SiO 2 (CNCs/SiO 2) composite aerogel to ciprofloxacin (CIP) rises with the increase of temperature and initial concentration. Reverse trend of sorption capacity can be found when increasing the adsorbent dosage of adsorbent. The optimal pH value for the sorption is proved to be 4. It's found in the uniaxial compression test that the maximum load that PVA-assisted aerogels can withstand is nearly 100 times than that of non-PVA aerogels. Sorption results confirm that the Pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.9885) and Langmuir models (R2 = 0.9959) fit well to sorption kinetics and equilibrium data, respectively. The rate constant differs from the initial concentration of CIP according to the Pseudo-second order model. The composite aerogel sorption capacity of Langmuir (q max) for CIP was 163.34 mg·g−1. The thermodynamic studies showed that the sorption process is endothermic with the value of enthalpy change of 41.032 kJ/mol. Hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are the dominant mechanisms of CIP sorption by the PVA-assisted CNCs/SiO 2 composite aerogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Efforts to develop a green, inexpensive and effective adsorbent are crucial for eliminating antibiotics in polluted water. The sorption capacity of the as-prepared polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-assisted cellulose nanocrystals/SiO 2 (CNCs/SiO 2) composite aerogel to ciprofloxacin (CIP) rises with the increase of temperature and initial concentration. Reverse trend of sorption capacity can be found when increasing the adsorbent dosage of adsorbent. The optimal pH value for the sorption is proved to be 4. It's found in the uniaxial compression test that the maximum load that PVA-assisted aerogels can withstand is nearly 100 times than that of non-PVA aerogels. Sorption results confirm that the Pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.9885) and Langmuir models (R2 = 0.9959) fit well to sorption kinetics and equilibrium data, respectively. The rate constant differs from the initial concentration of CIP according to the Pseudo-second order model. The composite aerogel sorption capacity of Langmuir (q max) for CIP was 163.34 mg·g−1. The thermodynamic studies showed that the sorption process is endothermic with the value of enthalpy change of 41.032 kJ/mol. Hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions are the dominant mechanisms of CIP sorption by the PVA-assisted CNCs/SiO 2 composite aerogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutting temperature in workpiece has significant effects on machined surface integrity, including residual stress formation, metallurgical alteration, and microstructural change of workpiece material. In order to investigate temperature distribution in workpiece machined surface layer in external turning, an experimental investigation is carried out using physical vapor deposition (PVD) film method. This method provides an access to study temperature distribution as a function of depth in workpiece in turning. Effects of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) on temperature distribution have been studied in dry cutting. Wet cutting condition was also studied in this paper to investigate the effects of different proportions of emulsion in cutting fluid on temperature distribution. This experimental investigation provides a new insight into the temperature distribution in workpiece machined surface layer in turning and is essential to the further research of machined surface integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential to fabricate smooth nanoporous iron oxide film with fewer defects on plain carbon steel (CS) to improve photocathodic protection of the film in corrosive media. For that, high temperature annealing heat treatment was chosen to manipulate the metallographic structure of CS in the muffle furnace at 900 °C with the duration of 30 min. Following that, the annealed CS was anodized in a mixture of aqueous ammonium fluoride solution and ethylene glycol to fabricate smooth nanoporous oxide film on CS. Finally, as-anodized oxide film was calcinated at 450 °C for 4 h in nitrogen atmosphere to form crystalline iron oxide film. Several electrochemical techniques were applied to analyze the photoelectron property and photocathodic protection performance of nanoporous iron oxide films. On the contrary, rough nanoporous iron oxide film with more striking defects was fabricated on untreated (no annealed) CS by using the same anodization and calcination processes. The results show that the metallographic structure of annealed CS behaved more uniform ferrite grains and fewer pearlite precipitate than untreated CS. Thereby, a smooth nanoporous iron oxide film with fewer defects formed on annealed CS. On the contrary, a rough nanoporous iron oxide film with more defects, such as dimples and cracks were fabricated on untreated CS. Both of iron oxide films were composed of hematite as the main phase and magnetite as the secondary phase. Therefore, the smooth iron oxide film displayed comparatively better conductivity and higher donor density under the condition of illumination than the rough film. On account of those, smooth film exhibits comparatively higher anodic and cathodic reaction activities and more excellent and stable photocathodic protection to the counter. • Smooth anodic nanoporous iron oxide film was fabricated on annealed carbon steel. • Metallographic structure of the substrate could be manipulated by the annealing process. • Smooth anodic nanoporous iron oxide film enhanced photocathodic protection on Q235 carbon steel. • Metallographic structure had a noticeable influence on the morphology and photocathodic protection performance of oxide film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chitosan-nickel oxide (CS-NiO) composite was synthesized and characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, BET, and TG-DTG. The as-prepared composite was used as an adsorbent for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution. Effects of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption of CR were investigated. The adsorption kinetics was found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with good correlation. The adsorption of CR on the CS-NiO composite followed the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity at 25 °C determined from Langmuir model was 188.68 mg/g. The thermodynamic data revealed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The CS-NiO composite adsorbent can be separated from system effectively and easily, and maintained high adsorption efficiency even after five-time recycles. The aforementioned results demonstrated that the CS-NiO composite could be used as an efficient and low-cost natural adsorbent for the removal of CR from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residual stress and strain in workpiece machined surface layer have significant effects on the quality of machined parts, including machining distortion and corrosion fatigue strength. It has been known that the flow stress in workpiece induced by cutting force and cutting temperature during cutting is essential to the generation of residual stress and strain. In this paper, an analytical model of stress field in workpiece machined surface layer in orthogonal cutting is proposed to calculate the stress in workpiece during cutting. In this model, the heating time at a point of interest in workpiece is introduced to improve the original model to investigate its effects on stress distribution. The contours of deviatoric stress components S 11 , S 22 , S 33 and S 12 computed by the original model and the improved model were compared with that of the commercially available finite element model software ABAQUS. The computed results of the improved model show that the stress field in workpiece was in a limited area, which indicates that the stress values on a point of interest would experience increasing and decreasing procedure as the tool moves closer to the point and then travels far away. The results are consistent with that of ABAQUS. Furthermore, the contours of principal shear stress computed by the two models were compared with that of the photoelastic experiment in literature. The computed results of the improved model show the trends that the principal shear stress distribute radially around two radiology centers that locate in the vicinity of the tool tip; the contours of the radially distributed stress around these two centers can be separated by their common tangent; the stress values and gradients closer to the centers are larger, while further are smaller. These trends are consistent with that of photoelastic experiment. However, the computed results of the original model show that the stress field was not in a limited area, indicating that the stress values on a point of interest in workpiece would keep increasing as the tool moves closer to the point and then travels far away, which is not consistent with those of ABAQUS and photoelastic experiment. The improved analytical model of stress field provides a new insight into the stress distribution in workpiece during cutting, and is of great significance to study the residual stress and strain in workpiece machined surface layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the shale forming paleoclimate and microscopic characteristics from Lower Permian in Qinshui, China. Palaeoclimate analysis and rare earth element features of Shanxi Formation Shale were conducted. The study found that paleoclimate evolution affects the distribution of elements and formation of shales.

Myocardial fibrosis can induce cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Great attention has been paid to traditional chinese medicine (TCM) 's effectiveness in treating MF. Radix Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels and Radix Astragalus mongholicus Bunge ultrafiltration extract (RAS-RA), which is a key TCM compound preparation, have high efficacy in regulating inflammation. However, studies on its therapeutic effect on radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) are rare. In this study, RAS-RA had therapeutic efficacy in RIMF and elucidated its mechanism of action. First, we formulated the prediction network that described the relation of RAS-RA with RIMF according to data obtained in different databases. Then, we conducted functional enrichment to investigate the functions and pathways associated with potential RIMF targets for RAS-RA. In vivo experiments were also performed to verify these functions and pathways. Second, small animal ultrasound examinations, H&E staining, Masson staining, transmission electron microscopy, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western-blotting, Immunohistochemical method and biochemical assays were conducted to investigate the possible key anti-RIMF pathway in RAS-RA. In total, 440 targets were detected in those 21 effective components of RAS-RA; meanwhile, 1,646 RIMF-related disease targets were also discovered. After that, PPI network analysis was conducted to identify 20 key targets based on 215 overlap gene targets. As indicated by the gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis results, inflammation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways might have important effects on the therapeutic effects on RIMF. Molecular docking analysis revealed high binding of effective components to targets (affinity < −6 kcal/mol). Based on experimental verification results, RAS-RA greatly mitigated myocardial fibrosis while recovering the cardiac activity of rats caused by X-rays. According to relevant protein expression profiles, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was important for anti-fibrosis effect of RAS-RA. Experimental studies showed that RAS-RA improved cardiac function, decreased pathological damage and collagen fiber deposition in cardiac tissues, and improved the mitochondrial structure of the heart of rats. RAS-RA also downregulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels. Additionally, RAS-RA improved the liver and kidney functions and pathological injury of rat kidney and liver tissues, enhanced liver and kidney functions, and protected the liver and kidneys. RAS-RA also increased PI3K, AKT and mTOR protein levels within cardiac tissues and downregulated α-SMA, Collagen I, and Collagen III. The findings of this study suggested that RAS-RA decreased RIMF by suppressing collagen deposition and inflammatory response by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Thus, RAS-RA was the potential therapeutic agent used to alleviate RIMF. A flowchart based on network pharmacology and in vivo experimental validation [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the lower parts of oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation are oil-bearing layers newly found in oil exploration in the Ordos Basin. Based on GC, GC-MS analyses of saturated hydrocarbons from crude oils and source rocks, reservoir fluid inclusions and BasinMod, the origin of crude oils, accumulation period and accumulation models are discussed in combination with other petroleum geology data in this paper. The result shows that (1) there are two different types of crude oils in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Longdong and Jiyuan regions: crude oils of type I(Well D86, Well A44, Well A75, Well B227, Well X62 and Well Z150) are mainly derived from the Chang 7 source rocks (including mudstones and shales) and distributed in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions; those of type II(Well Z14 and Well Y427), are distributed in the Longdong region, which are derived from the Chang 9 source rocks. Crude oils from oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region are mainly derived from the Chang-9 source rocks; (2) there are two phases of hydrocarbon filling in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan and Longdong regions and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region: The first phase started at the early stage of Jz. The process of hydrocarbon filling was discontinuous in the Late Jurassic, because of the tectonic-thermal event in the Ordos Basin. The second phase was the main accumulation period, and hydrocarbons began to accumulate from the late stage of Ja to the middle-late of K, mainly at the middle-late stage of K; (3) there exist two types of accumulation models in oil reservoirs Chang 9 and Chang 10 of the Yanchang Formation: source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Jiyuan region and oil reservoir Chang 10 in the Shanbei region, the mixed type of reservoirs on the lateral side of source rocks and source rocks of the reservoirs in oil reservoir Chang 9 in the Longdong region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrosis-related diseases (FRD) include conditions like myocardial fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, renal fibrosis, and others. The impact of fibrosis can be severe, causing organ dysfunction, reduced functionality, and even organ failure, leading to significant health issues. Currently, there is a lack of effective modern anti-fibrosis drugs in clinical practice. However, Chinese medicine has a certain beneficial effect on the treatment of such diseases. Angelica sinensis , with its considerable medicinal value, has garnered attention for its anti-fibrosis properties in recent investigations. In the past few years, there has been a growing number of experimental inquiries into the impact of angelica polysaccharide (ASP), angelica water extract, angelica injection, and angelica compound preparation on fibrosis-associated ailments, piquing the interest of researchers. This paper aims to consolidate recent advances in the study of Angelica sinensis for the treatment of fibrosis-related disorders, offering insights for prospective investigations. Literature retrieval included core electronic databases, including Baidu Literature, CNKI, Google-Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. The applied search utilized specified keywords to extract relevant information on the pharmacological and phytochemical attributes of plants. The investigation revealed that Angelica sinensis has the potential to impede the advancement of fibrotic diseases by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, immune responses, and metabolism. ASP, Angelica sinensis extract, Angelica sinensis injection, and Angelica sinensis compound preparation were extensively examined and discussed. These constituents demonstrated significant anti-fibrosis activity. In essence, this review seeks to gain a profound understanding of the role of Angelica sinensis in treating fiber-related diseases. Organ fibrosis manifests in nearly all tissues and organs, posing a critical challenge to global public health due to its widespread occurrence, challenging early diagnosis, and unfavorable prognosis. Despite its prevalence, therapeutic options are limited, and their efficacy is constrained. Over the past few years, numerous studies have explored the protective effects of traditional Chinese medicine on organ fibrosis, with Angelica sinensis standing out as a multifunctional natural remedy. This paper provides a review of organ fibrosis pathogenesis and summarizes the recent two decades' progress in treating fibrosis in various organs such as the liver, lung, kidney, and heart. The review highlights the modulation of relevant signaling pathways through multiple targets and channels by the effective components of Angelica sinensis , whether used as a single medicine or in compound prescriptions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic resistance is a successful strategy for management of clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) of brassica crops, but resistance can break down quickly. Identification of novel sources of resistance is especially important when new pathotypes arise. In the current study, the reaction of 177 accessions of Brassica napus to four new, virulent pathotypes of P. brassicae was assessed. Each accession was genotyped using genotyping by sequencing to identify and map novel sources of clubroot resistance using mixed linear model (MLM) analysis. The majority of accessions were highly susceptible (70–100 DSI), but a few accessions exhibited strong resistance (0–20 DSI) to pathotypes 5X (21 accessions), 3A (8), 2B (7), and 3D (15), based on the Canadian Clubroot Differential system. In total, 301,753 SNPs were mapped to 19 chromosomes. Population structure analysis indicated that the 177 accessions belong to seven major populations. SNPs were associated with resistance to each pathotype using MLM. In total, 13 important SNP loci were identified, with 9 SNPs mapped to the A-genome and 4 to the C-genome. The SNPs were associated with resistance to pathotypes 5X (2 SNPs), 3A (4), 2B (5) and 3D (6). A Blast search of 1.6 Mb upstream and downstream from each SNP identified 13 disease-resistance genes or domains. The distance between a SNP locus and the nearest resistance gene ranged from 0.04 to 0.74 Mb. The resistant lines and SNP markers identified in this study can be used to breed for resistance to the most prevalent new pathotypes of P. brassicae in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U-Pb ages of single zircon grains contained in the sandstone samples were analyzed by the LA-ICP-MS method, the sediment provenances and geological significance were discussed. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating from the sandstones, tuffaceous sandstones and volcanic tuffs of the Pingliang and Zhaolaoyu Formations along the southwestern Ordos Block are used to limit the maximum depositional age and material sources. The results show that: (1) The youngest ages of zircon dating in the three samples are 445 Ma, 444 Ma and 443 Ma, respectively, suggesting that the studied Formations were deposited in the Late Ordovician. (2) The detrital zircon U-Pb age analysis of the sandstones sample from the Pinliang Formation clustered in the 445–477 Ma, 588–1548 Ma and 1612–2496 Ma with the corresponding youngest peak age of 454.5 ± 3.3 Ma. (3) The distribution of zircon U-Pb age in sandstone samples showing that the sedimentary rocks detritus was mainly sourced from the North Qinling-Qilian terranes and the NCC, and has double provenance supply in the north and south. The material source of the tuffaceous sandstones and volcanic tuffs mainly comes from the volcanic and magmatic activity related to the North Qilian-North Qinling Island Arcs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glaucoma is an irreversible eye disease caused by the optic nerve injury. Therefore, it usually changes the structure of the optic nerve head (ONH). Clinically, ONH assessment based on fundus image is one of the most useful way for glaucoma detection. However, the effective representation for ONH assessment is a challenging task because its structural changes result in the complex and mixed visual patterns. Method: We proposed a novel feature representation based on Radon and Wavelet transform to capture these visual patterns. Firstly, Radon transform (RT) is used to map the fundus image into Radon domain, in which the spatial radial variations of ONH are converted to a discrete signal for the description of image structural features. Secondly, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is utilized to capture differences and get quantitative representation. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM) are used for dimensionality reduction and glaucoma detection. Results: The proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art detection performance on RIMONE-r2 dataset with the accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) at 0.861 and 0.906, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, we showed that the proposed method has the capacity as an effective tool for large-scale glaucoma screening, and it can provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis on glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass failure deposits in lacustrine settings are some of the most understudied facies associations in the ancient or modern rock record. We integrated seismic data and well logs to investigate the external morphology, internal architecture and deformation and reservoir distribution of the sublacustrine landslides in the Cretaceous Nengjiang Formation of the Songliao Basin (SLB). A large‐scale sublacustrine landslide, named the Qi‐Jia sublacustrine landslide (QJSL), has been identified in the Nengjiang Formation of the SLB. The QJSL is currently the largest known sublacustrine landslide in the world. This landslide covers an area that exceeds 300 km2, with an estimated volume of 30 km3. Seismic imaging and mapping reveal that the QJSL can be recognized by several distinguishing seismic characteristics: discontinuous and internal chaotic seismic facies, compressional structures in the downslope region, irregular top and basal surfaces and erosional grooves in basal shear surfaces. The QJSL is 20–200 m thick, and is composed of a succession of fine‐grained deposits. Sandy layers are present but sparse and thinner than 16 m, and form reservoirs of the petroleum discoveries in this area. Our analyses show that the mechanism that triggered the collapse of the QJSL is attributed to rapid deposition and deltaic progradation. This study demonstrates that sand‐rich sublacustrine landslides formed at delta front slope can serve as conventional reservoirs in the lake centre, and provide a new target for subaqueous hydrocarbon exploration and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of intelligent rail transportation equipment is raising higher requirements for the real-time performance of Train Communication Network (TCN) data transmission. Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) has gained widespread attention in train communication due to its advantages of high transmission rates and deterministic latency. Firstly, for addressing the flow scheduling problem in TSN, a TCN topology model supports TSN is designed. It establishes a multi-objective flow scheduling model based on a priority strategy, aiming to minimize average response time and makespan while ensuring a scheduling success rate. Then, to solve the routing selection problem, a joint scheduling algorithm based on multi-level routing selection is adopted, providing feasible scheduling solutions. Finally, an improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) algorithm is introduced to iteratively and selectively optimize the scheduling solutions. This approach resolves the flow ordering problem while achieving optimization for the scheduling model. The feasibility of this scheduling approach is validated through simulations, and the results demonstrate significant advantages of the proposed model and algorithm in terms of scheduling success rate and real-time performance, providing effective solutions for flow scheduling in TCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Subaqueous sandy mass-transport deposits (SMTDs), which are a type of sedimentary deposit formed in deep water environments, have attracted increased attention in recent years. Based on the analysis of outcrops, cores and thin sections using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, numerous sandy mass-transport deposits or sandy debrites have been identified in the delta-front and deep lake environments recorded by the Chang 6-7 Member of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin; thus, a mass-transport model has been established in this paper. These sandy mass-transport deposits are characterized by two distinct features: first, sandstones are characterized by a low matrix content and are defined as massive clean sands; second, massive sandstones are characterized by the widespread development of a rimed chlorite cement with a two-layer structure, which is identical to that present in distributary channel sands of the delta-front environment of the Yanchang Formation. The occurrence of and components of clay minerals indicates that the isopachous rimed cements in the inner layer are related to the original sedimentary environment. Rimed chlorite cements are formed from isopachous clay films that originally adhered to the surfaces of the detrital particles and represent syn-depositional products. Further studies suggest that during the process of retransporting delta-front sediments and forming the sandy debris flows, this material, which was adhered to the surfaces of clastic particles as isopachous clay coatings, together with the small amount of clay-water matrix present in the flow, acted as an "adhesive agent" between particles during the subsequent remobilization of the deposits and the formation of sandy debris flows. The adhesion strength and local matrix support strength created by the clay-water matrix (gels), together with the frictional strength of the sediments, provided support strength for the subaqueous mass transport of the Yanchang Formation. The adhesion formed by the isopachous clay rim or the clay-water matrix is especially dominant and is considered to be the root cause holding the sandy debris flows together during their mass transport. This research may have global implications for better understanding analogous subaqueous mass-transport processes and the distribution of sandstone reservoirs in other locations. Highlights • Numerous sandy mass-transport deposits or sandy debrites are identified in the Ordos lacustrine basin. • The isopachous clay coatings are widely present on the clean sand grains in sandy debrites. • These clay coatings dictated the transport and deposition processes of the sand as it was remobilized down slope from a deltaic setting to a deep-water lake setting. • The clay coatings acted as an adhesive agent that was directly responsible for the type of sandy mass-transport deposit emplaced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Downbursts wind are believed to be responsible for most of weather-related transmission line failures worldwide. Based on a theoretical model of a hinged single-span transmission line structure under moving downbursts, this paper studies downburst -induced vibration of a multi-span transmission line-insulator system (MSTLIS). Firstly, a nonlinear analytical framework for quasi-static responses of the MSTLIS under moving downbursts is established, and linearized equations of the MSTLIS under moving downbursts with time-varying mean wind speeds are derived. Then, the influence line functions of the insulator tension and displacement of the MSTLIS are derived, based on which the quasi-static responses of the MSTLIS under fluctuating wind is calculated. A case study on a six-span transmission line-insulator subsystem is conducted. The proposed nonlinear analytical model and the approximate linearization approach is verified by finite element model (FEM) results. The proposed analytical framework with linear approximation is accurate and more efficient than FEM, and hence has a great potential for real application. • An analytical framework for quasi-static responses of the transmission lines under moving downbursts is established. • Approximate linearized longitudinal stiffness is used to develop a more efficient tension under time-varying mean wind. • The linearized influence line functions of the insulator tension and displacement under fluctuating wind are derived. • The proposed analytical framework with linear approximation is accurate and more efficient than finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a microporous activated carbon (AC) with excellent performance was successfully prepared by KOH impregnation activation method using edamame shell as raw material. The synthesized AC with high specific surface area and pore volume can be effectively used for the adsorption and removal of Congo red (CR) from wastewater. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential were used to characterize the structure of activated carbon. The ultra-high surface area and well-developed pore volume provided sufficient adsorption sites for CR adsorption, and the maximum adsorption effect of AC on CR was up to 1509.60 mg/g at 25 °C. The effects of pH, contact time, temperature and adsorbent mass on CR adsorption were investigated. In addition, the effects of different cations (Ca2+, Na+, K+, NH 4 +) on the CR adsorption of anionic dyes were focused by adding different concentrations (10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM) of cations. The results showed that Ca2+, Na+ and K+ had a significant promotion effect on the CR adsorption of AC, among which Ca2+ had the most obvious promotion effect. Through model fitting, CR adsorption by AC conforms to Liu adsorption isotherm model and Elovich kinetic model. The results showed that the addition of cations could substantially improve the adsorption capacity of AC on the anionic dye CR, which has potential application in the field of dye wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • Preparation of microporous activated carbon from agricultural waste edamame shells. • The prepared activated carbon has a large surface area(2653.382 m2·g−1) and pore volume(1.324 cm3·g−1). • The adsorption effect on CR can reach 1509.60 mg/g. • The effect of cations on the adsorption of anionic CR dyes by AC was studied. • Ca2+ can substantially increase the adsorption of the anionic dye CR by AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural relationship between the Qaidam Basin and Qimen Tagh-Eastern Kunlun Range holds important implications for evaluating the formation mechanism of the Tibetan Plateau. Various models have been proposed to reveal the structural relationship, although controversies remain. To address these issues, we analysed the seismic and lithologic data of the Kunbei fault system (i.e. the Kunbei, Arlar and Hongliuquan faults), which lies to the north of the Qimen Tagh-Eastern Kunlun Range within the SW Qaidam Basin. Based on the regional geological framework and our kinematic analyses, we propose that the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Kunbei fault system can be divided into two stages. From the Early Eocene to the Middle Miocene, the system was characterized by left-lateral strike-slip faults and weak south-dipping thrust faults based on the flower structure in the seismic section, which is an apparent strike-slip deformation that was identified in the −1510-ms time slice and the root-mean-square amplitude attribute slice. This strike-slip motion was generated by the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau caused by the onset of the Indian-Eurasian collision. Since the Middle Miocene, the Kunbei fault system has undergone intense south-dipping thrusting, and a nearly 2.2-km uplift has been observed in the hanging wall in the Arlar fault. The south-dipping thrusting is the far-field effect of the full collision that occurred between the Indian-Eurasian plates. The lake area in the SW Qaidam Basin has been shrinking since the Middle Miocene and presents widespread delta and fluvial deposits, which are consistent with the proposed tectonic evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is a common pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases at a certain stage, with excessive accumulation of collagen fibers, excessive increase in collagen content, and a significant increase in collagen volume as the main pathological changes. There are currently no effective drugs for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the main component of the medical practice used for more than 5000 years, especially in China, often exerts a wider action spectrum than previously attempted options in treating human diseases. In recent times, the great potential of TCM in the treatment of MF has received much attention. Especially many experimental studies on the treatment of MF by Astragalus mongholicus Bunge have been conducted, and the effect is remarkable, which may provide more comprehensive database and theoretical support for the application of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in the treatment of MF and could be considered a promising candidate drug for preventing MF. This review summarizes the chemical components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, Astragalus mongholicus Bunge extrac t, Astragalus mongholicus Bunge single prescription, and Astragalus mongholicus Bunge compound preparation in the treatment of MF, and provides comprehensive information and a reliable basis for the exploration of new treatment strategies of botanical drugs in the therapy of MF. The literature information was obtained from the scientific databases on ethnobotany and ethnomedicines (up to August 2022), mainly from the PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. The experimental studies on the anti-myocardial fibrosis role of the effective active components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and the utility of its compound preparation and the involved mechanisms were identified. The search keywords for such work included: "myocardial fibrosis" or "Cardiac fibrosis ", and " Astragalus mongholicus Bunge", "extract," or "herb". Several studies have shown that the effective active components of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and its formulas, particularly Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharide, total saponins of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, triterpenoid saponins of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge, and cycloastragenol, exhibit potential benefits against MF, the mechanisms of which appear to involve the regulation of inflammation, oxidant stress, and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, etc. Conclusion : These research works have shown the therapeutic benefits of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in the treatment of MF. However, further research should be undertaken to clarify the unconfirmed chemical composition and regulatory mechanisms, conduct standard clinical trials, and evaluate the possible side effects. The insights in the present review provided rich ideas for developing new anti-MF drugs. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) with excessive accumulation of collagen fibers, excessive increase in collagen content, and a significant increase in collagen volume as the main pathological changes is a common pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases at a certain stage, which seriously affects cardiac function. At present, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of MF. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the main component of the medical practice used for more than 5000 years especially in China, often exerts wider action spectrum than previously attempted options in treating human diseases. In recent times, the great potential of TCM in the treatment of MF has received much attention. Especially many experimental studies on the treatment of MF by Astragalus mongholicus Bunge have been conducted, and the effect is remarkable, which may provide more comprehensive data base and theoretical support for the application of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge in the treatment of MF and could be considered a promising candidate drug for preventing MF. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) were frequently utilized for the degradation of various organic pollutants due to their efficient and clean advantages. In this work, Co-Fe based Prussian blue analogues (PBA) nanoparticles were firmly immobilized on nickel foam (NF) as a novel activator for peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and the complete degradation of tetracycline (TC) was achieved within 20 min under optimal conditions. The TC degradation efficiency of samples were investigated under various factors including Co loading, PMS dosage, initial TC concentration, pH, and inorganic anions. The mechanism for PMS activation indicated that reactive oxygen species including sulfate radicals, hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals and singlet oxygen contributed to TC degradation. The possible pathway of TC degradation was investigated by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. This work presented a new combination of efficient and easily recoverable supported catalysts and provided useful information for the wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • Co-Fe based Prussian blue was successfully loaded on nickel foam by co-precipitation and calcination method. • CoFe-PBA/NF exhibited excellent tetracycline degradation by activating PMS. • SO 4 •−, •OH, O 2 •− and 1O 2 were generated in the CoFe-PBA/NF-PMS system. • Nickel foam as a substrate enhanced degradation efficiency by accelerating electron transfer while firmly binding PBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ultra-flexible cloud-like robust silica aerogels were obtained by diene synthesis reaction at atmospheric pressure. • The maximum strain for the sample can be as high as 90% without any structure damage. • The water contact angle of the super hydrophobic can reach up to 156.2°. • The ultra-flexible aerogels have efficient cycle performance, and great prospects in the filtration and adsorption. This paper reported the preparation of ultra-flexible silica aerogels based on diene synthesis reaction at atmospheric pressure. Vinyl trimethoxy silane and vinyl methyl dimethoxy silane as silicon source were used to prepare vinyl aerogels by one-pot acid-base sol–gel route. The diene synthesis reaction was used to prepare ultra-flexible and super hydrophobic silica aerogels on the basis of vinyl aerogels. Maximum strain of the ultra-flexible aerogels is as high as 90 % for 20 compression-decompression cycles. The aerogels can be recovered completely without structure destruction. In addition, the adsorption capacity of the samples is higher than that of the conventional silica aerogels, which can reach to 15.0 g⋅g−1 of dichloromethane. It is worth noting that they also have efficient cycle performance for adsorption and filtration. Acting as core part of filtration, the organic solvents insoluble in water can be easily separated from water by the aerogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous examples of sandy mass-transport deposits (SMTDs) in deep-marine and deep-lacustrine environments have been documented by researchers worldwide in recent years. However, it is an enormous challenge that how to distinguish the subaqueous mass-transport processes from the depositional records. After the rigorous examination of several outcrops in the Ordos lacustrine basin in central China, we propose that the “mud-coated intraclasts” in the deep-water thick massive sandstone of the Yanchang Formation are a viable criterion to recognize deposition from sandy debris flows in delta front environments. These so-called “mud-coated intraclasts” are a newly discovered special depositional phenomenon in the massive clean sandstones in China’s lacustrine basins. A mud-coated intraclast generally consists of two components: an inner core and a mud coating. The inner core is generally composed of muddy blobs or sandy lumps. The mud coatings are generally composed of thin shales or mud-rich fine-grained sediments. The inner core, which is generally coated by nearly concentric ring-shaped mud coatings, is embedded in massive deep-water sandstones. Because these features have never been documented in the geological literature, the present authors called them “mud-coated intraclasts” in the present study. The depositional features suggest that the sediments that contain these mud-coated intraclasts were characterized by en masse emplacement (i.e., a Bingham plastic behavior) and were supported by the strength of the plastic medium at all times (i.e., no flow transformations occurred during their transport and deposition). Accordingly, mud-coated intraclasts are one of the most significant criteria that indicate sandy debrites as the origin of the deep-water thick massive sandstones in the Yanchang Formation. This diagnostic feature may be useful to identify analogous SMTDs in other locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is an important disease on Brassica species worldwide. A clubroot resistance gene, Rcr1, with efficacy against pathotype 3 of P. brassicae, was previously mapped to chromosome A03 of B. rapa in pak choy cultivar “Flower Nabana”. In the current study, resistance to pathotypes 2, 5 and 6 was shown to be associated with Rcr1 region on chromosome A03. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing was performed and short read sequences were assembled into 10 chromosomes of the B. rapa reference genome v1.5. For the resistant (R) bulks, a total of 351.8 million (M) sequences, 30,836.5 million bases (Mb) in length, produced 120-fold coverage of the reference genome. For the susceptible (S) bulks, 322.9 M sequences, 28,216.6 Mb in length, produced 109-fold coverage. In total, 776.2 K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 122.2 K insertion / deletion (InDels) in R bulks and 762.8 K SNPs and 118.7 K InDels in S bulks were identified; each chromosome had about 87% SNPs and 13% InDels, with 78% monomorphic and 22% polymorphic variants between the R and S bulks. Polymorphic variants on each chromosome were usually below 23%, but made up 34% of the variants on chromosome A03. There were 35 genes annotated in the Rcr1 target region and variants were identified in 21 genes. The numbers of poly variants differed significantly among the genes. Four out of them encode Toll-Interleukin-1 receptor / nucleotide-binding site / leucine-rich-repeat proteins; Bra019409 and Bra019410 harbored the higher numbers of polymorphic variants, which indicates that they are more likely candidates of Rcr1. Fourteen SNP markers in the target region were genotyped using the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR method and were confirmed to associate with Rcr1. Selected SNP markers were analyzed with 26 recombinants obtained from a segregating population consisting of 1587 plants, indicating that they were completely linked to Rcr1. Nine SNP markers were used for marker-assisted introgression of Rcr1 into B. napus canola from B. rapa, with 100% accuracy in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two risk scores (ICS and ICRGS) were constructed through integrated analysis of bulk and scRNA sequencing data in HCC. • The functional roles of the DEGs between the prognostic immune cells were clarified by enrichment analyses. • The interaction among the prognostic immune cells was preliminarily investigated by cell–cell communication analysis. • Potential therapeutic drugs targeting prognostic DEGs were screened by CellMiner. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Immunotherapy has become a major treatment for advanced HCC, but the therapeutic effects remain unsatisfactory. In this study, we constructed an immune cell risk score (ICS) and an immune cell-related gene risk score (ICRGS) for the prognosis prediction of HCC through integrated analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data. These two risk score signatures both showed good predictive values in the training and validation cohorts. The potential interactions among these prognostic immune cell types were elucidated by cell–cell communication analysis. The results of enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the prognostic genes showed that metabolic-related processes were involved in the immune response of HCC. Furthermore, the results of correlation analyses further confirmed the hub genes that were strongly correlated with immune cells. Finally, potential therapeutic drugs targeting these hub genes were screened by CellMiner based on NCI-60 cell line set. Taken together, two useful models for the prognosis prediction of HCC patients were constructed in this study. The functional differences between the two groups of HCC patients separated by ICS or ICRGS provide fundamental knowledge for finding synergistic therapeutic targets for HCC immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How an insect evolves to become a successful herbivore is of profound biological and practical importance. Herbivores are often adapted to feed on a specific group of evolutionarily and biochemically related host plants, but the genetic and molecular bases for adaptation to plant defense compounds remain poorly understood. We report the first whole-genome sequence of a basal lepidopteran species, Plutella xylostella, which contains 18,071 protein-coding and 1,412 unique genes with an expansion of gene families associated with perception and the detoxification of plant defense compounds. A recent expansion of retrotransposons near detoxification-related genes and a wider system used in the metabolism of plant defense compounds are shown to also be involved in the development of insecticide resistance. This work shows the genetic and molecular bases for the evolutionary success of this worldwide herbivore and offers wider insights into insect adaptation to plant feeding, as well as opening avenues for more sustainable pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been widely accepted that the primary function of the Lands cycle is to provide a route for acyl remodeling to modify fatty acid (FA) composition of phospholipids derived from the Kennedy pathway. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) is an evolutionarily conserved key enzyme in the Lands cycle. In this study, we provide direct evidence that the Arabidopsis thaliana   LPCAT s, LPCAT1 and LPCAT2, participate in the Lands cycle in developing seeds. In spite of a substantially reduced initial rate of nascent FA incorporation into phosphatidylcholine (PC), the PC level in the double mutant lpcat1 lpcat2-2 remained unchanged. LPCAT deficiency triggered a compensatory response of de novo PC synthesis and a concomitant acceleration of PC turnover that were attributable at least in part to PC deacylation. Acyl-CoA profile analysis revealed complicated metabolic alterations rather than merely reduced acyl group shuffling from PC in the mutant. Shifts in FA stereo-specific distribution in triacylglycerol of the mutant seed suggested a preferential retention of saturated acyl chains at the stereospecific numbering (sn) -1 position from PC and likely a channeling of lysophosphatidic acid, derived from PC , into the Kennedy pathway. Our study thus illustrates an intricate relationship between the Lands cycle and the Kennedy pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • AC7 is produced and selected via chemical activation and orthogonal experimental design. • AC7 possesses large specific surface area, developed pore structure and superior adsorption capacity. • Micropore with the sizes of 1.00–1.77 nm is favor of the benzene adsorption. • The adsorption performance are assessed by maximum capacity, PC, and BTV. • Adsorption process is mainly controlled by physical adsorption. The preparation of hierarchically porous carbon via a low-cost way for gaseous benzene adsorption remains a challenge that needs to be addressed urgently. In this study, crayfish shell from kitchen garbage was employed as the precursor for synthesis of activated carbon (AC) via chemical activation strategy, which could be potential in synthesis because of the cost-effective precursor and simple way. Orthogonal design test and various characterization techniques were adopted to explore the optimal preparation conditions of AC. As a result, AC7 with the large specific surface area (2669.40 m2/g) and well-developed pore volume (1.42 cm3/g) has been synthesized successfully. Compared with other adsorbents, AC7 exhibited more excellent adsorption performance for gaseous benzene (684.6 mg/g) in the dynamic adsorption experiments. The influences of preparation factors by the range analysis method and environmental conditions via the single factor method on the adsorption performance of AC7 for gaseous benzene were investigated and analyzed, comprehensively. Based on the isotherm and thermodynamic models, the adsorption experiment data were fitted, analyzed and evaluated to figure out the adsorption mechanism. The results showed that the adsorption process was exothermic, and mainly physical. The partition coefficient and breakthrough volume were also applied to evaluate the benzene adsorption performance objectively. In addition, the reusability tests were carried out. In the eleventh cycle, the adsorption capacities under different initial concentrations were higher than 96.92% of the initial adsorption capacities, showing that AC7 possessed the good reusability. These results showed that AC7 would be an attractive and potential adsorbent for the gaseous benzene adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • ZIF-67 is immobilized on wood aerogel by an in-situ wet chemical deposition. • The composite combines the merits of wood aerogel and ZIF-67. • ZIF-67@WA achieves excellent TC adsorption capacity and facile separation. • The mechanism of TC adsorption on composite is discussed in detail. • ZIF-67@WA can be regenerated and has realistic application. Metal-organic framework (MOF) materials have been extensively studied in the removal of pollutants in wastewater. However, MOFs, which are usually in powder form, suffer from complex separation that hinder their practical application. Herein, a composite adsorbent material, ZIF-67@WA (wood aerogel), has been successfully fabricated through in-situ anchoring of ZIF-67 rhombic dodecahedron on the wood aerogel obtained by selectively removing lignin and hemicellulose from natural wood. WA with lamellar structure provided sufficient attachment sites for ZIF-67, and the content of ZIF-67 in the composite reached 32.65 wt%. ZIF-67 with 1 μm in grain size maintained its crystallinity when it was introduced to the surface of WA. The effects of pH, contact time, initial concentration, temperature, coexisting ions and humic acid on tetracycline (TC) adsorption were investigated. The composite showed excellent TC adsorption capacity (273.84 mg·g−1 at 298 K), which was comparable to most previously reported adsorbents. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model described the adsorption process well. Adsorption thermodynamic studies implied that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the possible adsorption mechanism was proposed. The TC removal efficiency dropped from 94.09% to 80.27% after 3 cycles, revealing the composite could be recycled. The leaching of cobalt was measured to be within the permissible range, indicating that no serious secondary contamination would be caused during using the composite. The superior adsorption performance coupled with compressibility, light weight and facile separation gave ZIF-67@WA the potential to effectively remove TC from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, surface defect detection of stamping grinding flat parts is mainly undertaken through observation by the naked eye. In order to improve the automatic degree of surface defects detection in stamping grinding flat parts, a real-time detection system based on machine vision is designed. Under plane illumination mode, the whole region of the parts is clear and the outline is obvious, but the tiny defects are difficult to find; Under multi-angle illumination mode, the tiny defects of the parts can be highlighted. In view of the above situation, a lighting method combining plane illumination mode with multi-angle illumination mode is designed, and five kinds of defects are automatically detected by different detection methods. Firstly, the parts are located and segmented according to the plane light source image, and the defects are detected according to the gray anomaly. Secondly, according to the surface of the parts reflective characteristics, the influence of the reflection on the image is minimized by adjusting the exposure time of the camera, and the position and direction of the edge line of the gray anomaly region of the multi-angle light source image are used to determine whether the anomaly region is a defect. The experimental results demonstrate that the system has a high detection success rate, which can meet the real-time detection rEquation uirements of a factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic resistance is widely used to manage clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in brassica crops, but new pathotypes have recently been identified on canola (Brassica napus) on the Canadian prairies. Resistance effective against both the most prevalent pathotype (3H, based on the Canadian Clubroot Differential system) and the new pathotypes is needed. BC1 plants of Brassica rapa from a cross of line 96-6990-2 (clubroot resistance originating from turnip cultivar 'Waaslander') and a susceptible doubled-haploid line, ACDC, exhibited a 1:1 segregation for resistance against pathotypes 3H and 5X. A resistance gene designated as Rcr3 was mapped initially based on the percentage of polymorphic variants using bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) and further mapped using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR. DNA variants were identified by assembling short reads against a reference genome of B. rapa. Rcr3 was mapped into chromosome A08. It was flanked by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers (A90_A08_SNP_M12 and M16) between 10.00 and 10.23 Mb, in an interval of 231.6 Kb. There were 32 genes in the Rcr3 interval. Three genes (Bra020951, Bra020974, and Bra020979) were annotated with disease resistance mechanisms, which are potential candidates for Rcr3. Another resistance gene, designated as Rcr9wa, for resistance to pathotype 5X was mapped, with the flanking markers (A90_A08_SNP_M28 and M79) between 10.85 and 11.17 Mb using the SNP sites identified through BSR-Seq for Rcr3. There were 44 genes in the Rcr9wa interval, three of which (Bra020827, Bra020828, Bra020814) were annotated as immune-system-process related genes, which are potential candidates for Rcr9wa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]