Search

The article presents a case study of a 6-year-old girl experiencing recurrent Kawasaki disease (KD) accompanied by Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS). Topics discussed include the challenges in diagnosing KDSS, the elevated inflammatory markers indicating severity, and the management strategies implemented, including the use of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and antiplatelet therapy.

Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe and fatal disease if left untreated. In people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), VL is considered an emerging opportunistic infection. The aim of this manuscript was to report a first case in Tunisia of a concomitant presentation of visceral and oral leishmaniasis in a patient LHA. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, as well. Case presentation: The patient, a 43-year-old heterosexual man, treated for HIV/AIDS was referred for macrocheilitis of the upper and lower lips. A noticeable nodular and painless swelling extending to the cheeks' mucosa was noted. The patient's poor oral hygiene was evident due to the presence of multiple dental caries. Histological analysis of the biopsied lower lip sample revealed the presence of numerous Leishmania amastigotes. The diagnosis of VL was clinically confirmed by the presence of a mild splenomegaly and pancytopenia and biologically by the identification of the parasite using PCR Lei and the species L. infantum involved using RFLP-PCR and culture. The treatment consisted of an intravenous administration of liposomal Amphotericin B (Ambisome®, 40 mg/kg/weight) for a period of 6 weeks. A favorable outcome was noted after one year with the resolution of clinical symptoms and a negative Leishmania blood PCR test. After 2 years, the patient remained asymptomatic but showed a positive Leishmania blood PCR test. Dolutegravir® was introduced in the patient's ART regimen. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in Tunisia of atypical VL diagnosed through an uncommon oral location in an HIV/AIDS co-infected patient. Since VL is a severe and potentially fatal disease, it is essential for dentists to perform a thorough clinical examination and adopt a multidisciplinary approach in order to ensure an early diagnosis and an effective treatment outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusions The skin barrier function is an important predictor of neonatal barrier defects. This study aimed to investigate the daily changes in skin barrier function and the impact of bathing on skin barrier function in neonates.We assessed the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (SCH) on the forehead, cheek, volar forearm, and chest from days 2 to 7 and at 1 month after birth. Additionally, we measured the values after bathing and compared them with the pre‐bathing values.Sixty‐six neonates were involved in the assessment, and each value at the four sites showed significant correlations. TEWL remained stable between days 2 and 7, but SCH significantly increased at most sites. Both significantly increased by 1.5–2 times in 1 month. After bathing, TEWL increased by more than 20% but decreased again after 3 h.TEWL did not change significantly with age during the first week of life. To minimize the effects of bathing, TEWL should be measured at least 3 h after bathing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malignant eyelid tumours present a considerable challenge in the field of ophthalmic oncology, necessitating a combination of precision oncological care and meticulous reconstruction to ensure the preservation of eyelid functionality and the maintenance of facial aesthetics. Method: This study presents a review of the outcomes of 167 patients who underwent eyelid reconstruction following the excision of primary non-melanocytic malignant tumours. The choice of reconstruction technique was dependent on a number of factors, including the stage of the tumour, its location, and the characteristics of the patient. The most commonly used techniques included regional flaps, local flaps, and skin grafts. The most frequently employed reconstruction techniques were forehead flaps (59 cases), simple excisions (38 cases), and Mustarde cheek flaps (16 cases). Result: The postoperative complications, including ectropion, epiphora, and flap necrosis, were recorded. However, no significant correlation was found between the risk of complications and either the location of the tumour or the reconstruction method employed. Despite the complexity of medial canthal and lower eyelid reconstruction, satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes were generally achieved. Conclusions: This study emphasises the importance of individualised surgical planning, highlighting the advantages and limitations of various techniques to optimise both the functional and aesthetic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Characidium shared by adjacent tributaries of the upper portions of the Tapajós and Xingu river basins is described. Characidium varii, new species, can be distinguished from the congeners by having distinctly speckled pattern of colouration, including dark blotches on cheek and ventral surface of head, by having conspicuous dark marks on fins, along with a single row of dentary teeth, isthmus completely covered by scales, 14 circumpeduncular scales, and swimbladder reduced. Molecular data reinforce the validation of the new species. The distribution of C. varii supports the hypothesis of the existence of a faunistic mixing between Tapajós and Xingu river basins, corresponding to the region of the Serra do Cachimbo and surrounding areas, previously proposed in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 57 year old Chinese woman with a rare and potentially new syndrome characterized by palate-bucca fusion, cleft palate, and supernumerary teeth. It describes her unique condition involving a bridge-like fusion tissue from the buccal mucosa to the palate, a cleft in the soft palate, and multiple dental anomalies.

Angiomyxomas, also known as vascular myxolipomas, are a rare type of soft tissue tumor characterized by the proliferation of adipose tissue within a myxoid stroma accompanied by multiple vascular channels. They represent a distinct variant of lipomas and require differentiation from other benign and malignant lipoma subtypes. Despite their rarity, only a few cases of angiomyxolipoma have been documented in medical literature. We present a case of angiomyxolipoma occurring in the cheek of a 40-year-old female patient who presented with a long-standing history of swelling on the left side of her face. Histopathological examination revealed alternating nests of myxoid and adipose tissue containing dilated blood vessels, which confirmed the diagnosis of angiomyxolipoma. This case underscores the importance of recognizing and accurately diagnosing rare soft tissue tumors like angiomyxolipoma to guide appropriate management and follow-up care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the orofacial myofunctional characteristics, masticatory performance and facial thermal profile in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA3), comparing with healthy control ones. Method: Seventy‐two participants aged between 30 and 85 years were evaluated and divided into PD, SCA3 and control groups. The assessments included clinical evaluation using the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores protocol (orofacial structures, mastication, swallowing and breathing aspects), masticatory performance assessed with a colour‐changeable chewing gum and infrared thermography. The Kruskal–Wallis, one‐way ANOVA and Wilcoxon tests were applied. Results: With the exception of face and tongue, a difference was seen in the cheek, maxillomandibular relationship, lips, mentalis muscle and palate appearance and posture between patients and healthy control participants. Orofacial mobility, swallowing and masticatory function also scored higher in the control group. The SCA3 and PD groups required more time to eat the test‐food and showed greater facial temperature asymmetries than the control one (p < 0.05). Masticatory performance measured by chewing gum did not differ. Conclusion: Facial temperature asymmetries, swallowing and masticatory function scores and the time needed by the SCA3 and PD groups to eat the test‐food were different from healthy participants, drawing attention to the impaired orofacial functions in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buccal cavernous hemangiomas are uncommon vascular lesions, particularly in adult patients. We present a case of a 23-year-old male with a progressive left cheek swelling over three years. Clinical examination and radiographic imaging revealed a solid, multilobulated mass in the left buccal and masticator spaces. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a cavernous hemangioma. This case underscores the importance of recognizing and appropriately managing rare vascular lesions in adult patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coordination among lip, cheek and tongue movements during swallowing in patients with mandibular prognathism remains unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the temporal sequences of tongue pressure and maxillofacial muscle activities during swallowing in patients with mandibular prognathism and compared characteristics with those of healthy volunteers. Methods: Seven patients with mandibular prognathism (mandibular prognathism group) and 25 healthy volunteers with individual normal occlusion (control group) were recruited. Tongue pressures and masseter, orbicularis oris, mentalis and supra‐ and infrahyoid muscle activities while swallowing gel were measured simultaneously using a sensor sheet system with five measurement points and surface electromyography, respectively. Onset time, offset time and durations of tongue pressure and muscle activities were analysed. Results: In the mandibular prognathism group, tongue pressure was often produced first in more peripheral parts of the palate. Offset of tongue pressure in the posteromedian and peripheral parts of the palate and maxillofacial muscle activities except for orbicularis oris were delayed. Duration of tongue pressure in the anteromedian part of the palate was significantly shorter and durations of masseter, mentalis and suprahyoid muscle activities were significantly longer. Times to onset of orbicularis oris and suprahyoid muscle activities based on first onset of tongue pressure were significantly shorter. Conclusion: These results suggest that patients with mandibular prognathism may exhibit specific patterns of tongue pressure production and maxillofacial muscle activities during swallowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Consumer products such as electrical shavers exert a combination of dynamic loading in the form of pressure and shear on the skin. This mechanical stimulus can lead to discomfort and skin tissue responses characterised as "Skin Sensitivity". To minimise discomfort following shaving, there is a need to establish specific stimulus‐response relationships using advanced tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). Objective: To explore the spatial and temporal changes in skin morphology and microvascular function following an electrical shaving stimulus. Methods: Ten healthy male volunteers were recruited. The study included a 60‐s electrical shaving stimulus on the forearm, cheek and neck. Skin parameters were recorded at baseline, 20 min post stimulus and 24 h post stimulus. Structural and dynamic skin parameters were estimated using OCT, while transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was recorded to provide reference values for skin barrier function. Results: At baseline, six of the eight parameters revealed statistically significant differences between the forearm and the facial sites, while only surface roughness (Rq) and reflectivity were statistically different (p < 0.05) between the cheek and neck. At 20 min post shaving, there was a significant increase in the TEWL values accompanied by increased blood perfusion, with varying magnitude of change dependent on the anatomical site. Recovery characteristics were observed 24 h post stimulus with most parameters returning to basal values, highlighting the transient influence of the stimulus. Conclusions: OCT parameters revealed spatial and temporal differences in the skin tissue response to electrical shaving. This approach could inform shaver design and prevent skin sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of conventional studies on skin aging have focused on static conditions. However, in daily life, the facial skin we encounter is constantly in motion due to conversational expressions and changes in facial expressions, causing the skin to alter its position and shape, resulting in a dynamic state. Consequently, it is hypothesized that characteristics of aging not apparent in static conditions may be present in the dynamic state of the skin. Therefore, this study investigates age‐related changes in dynamic skin characteristics associated with facial expression alterations. Methods: A motion capture system measured the dynamic characteristics (delay and stretchiness of skin movement associated with expression) of the cheek skin in response to facial expressions among 86 Japanese women aged between 20 and 69 years. Results: The findings revealed an increase in the delay of cheek skin response to facial expressions (r = 0.24, p < 0.05) and a decrease in the stretchiness of the lower cheek area with age (r = 0.60, p < 0.01). An increasing variance in delay and stretchiness within the same age group was also observed with aging. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that skin aging encompasses both static characteristics, such as spots, wrinkles, and sagging, traditionally studied in aging research, and dynamic aging characteristics of the skin that emerge in response to facial expression changes. These dynamic aging characteristics could pave the way for the development of new methodologies in skin aging analysis and potentially improve our understanding and treatment of aging impressions that are visually perceptible in daily life but remain unexplored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Konrad Lorenz introduced the concept of a 'baby schema', suggesting that infants have specific physical features, such as a relatively large head, large eyes and protruding cheeks, which function as an innate releaser to promote caretaking motivation from perceivers. Over the years, a large body of research has been conducted on the baby schema. However, there are two critical problems underpinning the current literature. First, the term 'baby schema' lacks consistency among researchers. Some researchers use the term baby schema to refer to infant stimuli (often faces) in comparison with adults (categorical usage), while others use the term to refer to the extent that features contribute to cuteness perception (spectrum usage). Second, cross-species continuity of the 'baby schema' has been assumed despite few empirical demonstrations. The evolutionary and comparative relevance of the concept is, therefore, debatable, and we cannot exclude the possibility that extreme sensitivity to the baby schema is a uniquely human trait. This article critically reviews the state of the existing literature and evaluates the significance of the baby schema from an evolutionary perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the efficacy and safety of fractional micro-needling radiofrequency (FMRF) in the treatment of enlarged pores on the cheek in a Chinese cohort. Patients with enlarged facial pores who underwent FMRF between January 2020 and December 2022 were included in this study. Blinded clinical assessments were performed by two independent dermatologists using a six-grade photographic enlarged pore scale and a quartile grading scale. Patients were asked to rate the degree of pain related to treatment on a visual analog scale (VAS), with scores ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain ever). A paired t-test was used to analyze the six-grade photographic enlarged pore scores. A total of 22 patients received three consecutive sessions of FMRF treatment, with intervals of 1–3 months, and underwent follow-up as scheduled. The mean six-grade photographic enlarged score was 3.55 ± 0.96 at baseline, while the score decreased significantly to 2.59 ± 0.59 after three treatment sessions (P < 0.05). The improvement score of the patients, assessed by two independent dermatologists, was 2.31 ± 0.71, according to the quartile grading scale. The mean VAS score was 6.42 ± 1.44. FMRF is effective and safe for the treatment of enlarged facial pores after three sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconstruction of through-and-through defects of cheek and commissure resulting from cancer resection are challenging. The specialized function of oral competence that the oral commissure and lip play is difficult to replicate with flap only reconstruction. Static slings play an important role in improving the functional and aesthetic outcome. The asymmetric "y" fascial sling helps in achieving the goals of oral competence along with adequate mouth opening. A total of 10 patients were operated by this technique. The results were satisfactory in terms of functional and aesthetic outcome postsurgery and were maintained 6 months postradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "A 46-year-old female with swelling in right cheek," presents a clinical case of a middle-aged woman who presented with swelling in her right cheek region. The patient experienced intermittent pain and enlargement of a mass when lying down. After conducting various imaging tests, including digital panoramic radiograph, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and ultrasonography (USG), the diagnosis was determined to be an intramuscular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the right masseter muscle with the presence of the "turkey wattle sign." The article provides information on the characteristics, causes, and treatment options for AVMs, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosis and management. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The present study used the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to analyse changes in facial activities in individuals with migraine during resting conditions to determine the potential of facial expressions to convey information about pain during headache episodes. Methods: Facial activity was recorded in calm and resting conditions by using a camera for both healthy controls (HC) and patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). The FACS was employed to analyse the collected facial images, and intensity scores for each of the 20 action units (AUs) representing expressions were generated. The groups and headache pain conditions were then examined for each AU. Results: The study involved 304 participants, that is, 46 HCs, 174 patients with EM, and 84 patients with CM. Elevated headache pain levels were associated with increased lid tightener activity and reduced mouth stretch. In the CM group, moderate to severe headache attacks exhibited decreased activation in the mouth stretch, alongside increased activation in the lid tightener, nose wrinkle, and cheek raiser, compared to mild headache attacks (all corrected p < 0.05). Notably, lid tightener activation was positively correlated with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) level of headache (p = 0.012). Moreover, the lip corner depressor was identified to be indicative of emotional depression severity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Facial expressions, particularly lid tightener actions, served as inherent indicators of headache intensity in individuals with migraine, even during resting conditions. This indicates that the proposed approach holds promise for providing a subjective evaluation of headaches, offering the benefits of real-time assessment and convenience for patients with migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the case of a 14-year-old female with a history of rapidly growing right cheek mass and was diagnosed of adamantinoma-like Ewing sarcoma (ALES). Topics discussed include clinical characteristics of Ewing sarcoma (ES), the discovery of other soft tissue tumors that share a translocation between the EWSR1 gene and the ETS gene family, and treatment for most pediatric parotid tumors.

This article discusses the use of volumizing thread lifts as a treatment for subzygomatic arch depression, a condition that can occur in both elderly and younger individuals. The study explores the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections and volumizing thread lifts to correct the depression and enhance facial contours. The article presents a successful case study of a 45-year-old patient who underwent the procedure and expressed satisfaction with the results. The authors highlight the potential advantages of incorporating volumizing thread lifts into the treatment and emphasize the need for further research to assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of the procedure. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The buccal frenum is connective tissue that adheres the mucosa of the cheek to the alveolar process. When restricted, this condition is commonly known as a buccal‐ or cheek‐tie. Restrictive buccal frena are often treated during tongue‐ and lip‐tie procedures, yet widely accepted classification, diagnostic and treatment guidelines are lacking. Objective: Provide a scoping review on the evaluation and management of buccal‐ties, including diagnosis, classification, symptoms and treatment, by surveying healthcare providers with experience evaluating and managing oral restrictions. Methods: Literature review and IRB‐approved survey to assess practice patterns among healthcare providers identified from online directories of tongue‐tie release providers and associated allied health professionals. Results: A multidisciplinary group of 466 providers responded. About 87% indicated that they assess buccal restrictions. Evaluation methods included finger sweep (89.1%), visual inspection (76.4%), tissue blanching (66.5%) and functional assessment (53.4%). Around 94% of providers reported that objective and subjective findings are both needed for diagnosis and that an estimated 5%–10% of infants may be affected. About 70% of providers release buccal‐ties (if needed) simultaneously with tongue‐ties, and 76.8% recommend post‐operative stretches as necessary for optimal healing. Respondents indicated a need for further research, evidence‐based assessments, a classification system and treatment protocols. Conclusion: Evaluating a buccal frenum to diagnose a symptomatic buccal‐tie relies upon visual inspection, palpation and assessment of oral function. Survey data and clinical experience are summarized to review classification systems, diagnostic/evaluation criteria and treatment recommendations as a foundational cornerstone for future works to build upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral diadochokinesis (OD) test is an articulation test that analyses fine movements of the lips, cheeks and tongue. It is difficult to perform the test accurately in older people with reduced physical and cognitive functions. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the number of older adults who could not be tested for OD and to investigate their characteristics. Methods: The participants included 145 older residents of an aged care nursing home. They were divided into two groups: those who could be tested for OD and those who could not, and their characteristics were compared. The degree of requiring long‐term care was classified into five levels. The degree of dementia was classified into five levels. Those having difficulty in performing daily activities alone and having degree III or higher dementia were considered to have severe dementia. Results: The participants included 41 men and 104 women with a median age of 89 years (range, 64–105 years). Sixty‐eight participants failed the OD test (46.9%). In univariate and multivariate analyses, degree of dementia and oral care (among other characteristics in univariate analysis) showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Cut‐off values for older adults who could not perform OD test were level 4 or higher in need of care and degree III or higher in dementia. Conclusion: This study suggests that additional assessment tools for oral function should be considered for older adults requiring a nursing care level of 4 or higher and a dementia degree of III or higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery is a complex but essential aspect of functional and cosmetic skin cancer removal. It allows for skin cancers to be removed from cosmetically challenging areas in the most efficient and effective possible method; however, closure of these lesions can be difficult. Case: An 80-year-old male presented for Mohs surgery of a basal cell carcinoma on the right nasal sidewall that measured 3.4 cm. The patient underwent seven stages of Mohs surgery, and the final defect measured 6.5 cm × 5.5 cm, resulting in a large area for closure with multiple cosmetic and functional units affected. Discussion: This case discusses options for complex closure of large defects on the nose and the reasoning behind the final choice in closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Large lateral cheek defects can be challenging to reconstruct. Several approaches to reconstruction of these defects have been reported. In the case presented here, we describe an alternative reconstruction method for this type of surgical defect. Detailed Case Description: We present one patient with a large basal cell carcinoma on his lateral left cheek who underwent a complete tumor removal by Mohs surgery and was left with a defect 6 × 6 cm in size. This large defect was closed by performing a double transposition flap under local anesthesia. Results: Both flaps survived with no loss. The immediate and long-term outcomes were satisfactory, preserving functionality with good cosmetic results. Conclusions: Cheek defect reconstruction with the double transposition flap is simple and reliable, with good aesthetic and functional outcomes. It may be considered as an alternative reconstructive method for this type of defect, in an appropriate context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This case series describes the management of advanced occlusal caries of the maxillary cheek teeth in four horses. All horses presented with grade 4 caries, i.e., affecting cementum, enamel, dentine and the integrity of the tooth. Food packing in deep cavities on the occlusal surface were present in all horses. Two horses presented with pulpitis of teeth adjacent to the occlusal caries lesions. The carious lesions were mostly limited to the occlusal surface of maxillary cheek teeth, whereas the peripheral cementum to a large degree remained unaffected. Management of these cases included cleaning, flushing, and debriding of carious surfaces and placing a flowable resin composite on areas with extensive tooth loss to prevent food packing and further destruction of dental tissues. Endodontic therapy was performed in two cases. Some of the horses that exhibited clinical signs showed improvement after treatment and none of the cases showed deterioration of caries lesions. One horse showed complete resolution of occlusal caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gluconolactone (GLA) exhibits antioxidant and moisturizing effects. It also presents soothing effects, protects elastin fibers from UV‐induced degradation, and improves the function of the skin barrier. Aims: Evaluation of skin parameters such as pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum levels before, during, and after a series of applications of 10% and 30% GLA chemical peel in a split‐face model. Materials and Methods: The study involved 16 female subjects. Three split‐face procedures were performed using two concentrations of GLA solution applied on two sides of the face. The skin parameters were measured before treatments and 7 days after the last procedure at four measurement sites on either side of the face, that is, on the forehead, around the eye, on the cheek, and on the nose wing. Results: Measurement of sebum demonstrated some statistically significant changes between sebum levels in the cheeks after a series of treatments. The pH measurement showed that the pH value was reduced after each treatment at all measurement points. The level of TEWL after treatments was significantly lower around the eyes, on the left forehead, and on the right cheek. There were no significant differences between the use of different concentrations of the GLA solution. Conclusions: The results of the study show that GLA has a significant influence on lowering skin pH and TEWL. GLA also has seboregulatory properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns the translation and interpretation of a succinct quip of Sextus Clodius, a rhetorician in Antony's entourage, on the subject of Fulvia's swollen cheek. The jest is often interpreted as having suggested that she tempted Clodius' pen, and various double meanings have been proposed. Contextualization may supply a key. The remark could mean that Fulvia seemed to be testing the point of her stylus, and the dark allusion might then be to reports of the manner in which Fulvia had allegedly mistreated the severed head of Cicero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the repair of a large infraorbital cheek defect in a 79-year-old female patient with melanoma in situ. The article describes the challenges of reconstructing defects in this area and introduces the "reading man" flap as a potential solution. The technique involves the use of an unequal Z-plasty consisting of a quadrangular flap and a triangular flap. The article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of this flap and provides information on postoperative complications. Overall, the "reading man" flap can be considered for large infraorbital cheek defects with limited tissue reservoir, and it can produce satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. [Extracted from the article]

The most frequent benign tumor is lipoma. About 1–4% of people have intraoral lipomas. This uncommon case report shows a large cheek lipoma misinterpreted as dental infection. A 14-year-old girl with a right cheek tumor was diagnosed and treated for a dental infection. Multiple imaging examinations complete the diagnosis. A benign lipoma, common in subcutaneous tissues but unusual in the mouth, created the lesion. A histological investigation confirmed lipoma after extraoral excision under general anesthesia utilizing an external flap. The edema did not return after surgery, which restored face symmetry. This case study shows that diagnosing and treating oral and maxillofacial edema requires extensive clinical and radiographic testing. Lipomas should be evaluated in the differential diagnosis of mouth swelling even without usual risk markers to prevent excessive treatments and delays. Surgery is recommended for lipomas since it has a low recurrence and fewer risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy is extremely rare. We present the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent a radical cystectomy with ileal conduit for the presence of a bladder tumor. He developed a cheek lesion after 2 months, which was diagnosed as a metastatic nodule along with bone metastases from high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma. This nodule was treated with surgical removal with subsequent chemotherapy, but he succumbed after 10 months due to widespread metastatic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid-based filler injections with parenteral anesthetics have become the standard in treating midface volume deficits. There are currently limited data on the effects of these types of fillers on skin density, thickness, and firmness. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the efficacy of XTRCL filler in improving skin quality and tissue volume in women with midface volume loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, noncomparative, single-center study, 50women aged between 40 and 60 years with midface volume loss were recruited. The primary endpoint was the improvement in investigator-assessed Global Aesthetic Improvement Scores (GAIS) 1 month after treatment. Secondary endpoints include objectivemeasurements of skin density, thickness, and quality measurements, facial and/or cheek volume augmentation, subjective GAIS, and device evaluation from after the first injection until 6 months, and the documentation of injection site reactions and adverse events. RESULTS XTRCL use led to significant improvement in midface volume deficits, and skin quality and skin thickness. Injector and subject satisfaction with the treatment were documented and only mild-to-moderate adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSION XTRCL was shown to be effective in improving volume loss and skin quality at 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common disease with easy persistence and recurrence. In clinical practice, although many methods have been adopted to prevent and treat MPS, the control of MPS is still not satisfactory. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and effectiveness of buccal acupuncture, inactivation of trigger points (MTrPs), and their combination in the treatment of MPS. METHODS: Two hundred MPS patients in the pain clinic were randomly divided into four groups (n = 50) to receive oral drugs (Group A), oral drugs + buccal needle (Group B), oral drugs + MTrP inactivation (Group C), or oral drugs + buccal needle + MTrP inactivation (Group D). RESULTS: The visual analogue scale (VAS) and cervical range of motion (ROM) of Group D were significantly lower than those of the other three groups, and the pressure pain threshold (PPT) value of labelled MTrPs was significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). The excellent rate and total effective rate of Group D were significantly higher than those of the other three groups. Group C had the highest pain score and the lowest acceptance score. The results showed that buccal acupuncture combined with ultrasound-guided dry needle-evoked inactivation of MTrPs can significantly reduce the VAS score of MPS patients, improve the range of motion of the cervical spine, and improve patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a highly accepted and satisfactory treatment for MPS, which is worthy of clinical promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Art Filler Volume (AFV) is a hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based filler formulated with "Tri‐Hyal" technology, a unique combination of three sizes of HA chains. This study assessed AFV efficacy and safety over 18 months when used to restore midface volume. Methods: During this open‐label study, a maximum of 1.8 mL AFV was injected into each cheek area on Day 0 (D0). Subjects were evaluated at D21, when, if necessary, a retouch could be performed (maximum 1.2 mL per cheek). Subjects were evaluated at seven follow‐up visits through to D540. The primary assessment was based on the evolution of the Medicis Midface Volume Scale (MMVS) grade on D21. Secondary outcomes were local and general adverse events, investigator‐ and subject‐assessed Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores and changes in self‐esteem. Results: Of the 79 healthy Caucasians enrolled (mean age 54.8 years), 25 required a second injection. In the intention‐to‐treat population, mean overall MMVS scores improved significantly from D0 (3.2 ± 0.4) to D21 (1.8 ± 0.6) and D42 (1.7 ± 0.6) (all p < 0.0001). MMVS scores for each cheek also improved significantly, irrespective of retouch on D21: 22% of injections showed a persistent benefit at D540 without retouch. The most common adverse events were pain on palpation (19%), erythema (15%) and edema (13%); most were mild or moderate and resolved within 2 weeks. Conclusion: AFV produces a sustained objective and subjective midface volume restoration in female and male subjects, often without retouching, and was well tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an acknowledgment of the principal and ad hoc reviewers for the journal Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology. The principal reviewers are individuals who reviewed a minimum of three articles in the past year, and the ad hoc reviewers are individuals who reviewed articles submitted to the journal in the past year. The document lists the names of all the reviewers who contributed to the journal. [Extracted from the article]

The tritylodontids are a group of highly specialised, herbivorous non-mammalian synapsids, which have been thought to be closely related to mammals. By using CT scanning technique and 3D reconstruction, a new tritylodontid, Bienotheroides xingshanensis sp. nov., is described herein from the Middle Jurassic Shaximiao Formation of western Hubei, China. The only and holotype specimen shows a part of skull, with well-preserved right dentition bearing two incisor and six cheek teeth. It is assigned to Bienotheroides based on its short and broad snout, obtusely rounded corners of upper cheek teeth and the cusp formula of 2-3-3. It differs from the known species of Bienotheroides in having short and wide upper cheek tooth outline, as well as two much more reduced anterior cusps of the median and lingual rows. Based on a new compilation of the known record of tritylodontids, the evolution of spatio-temporal distribution of this group is addressed. It is supposed that the apparent extinction of the Early Jurassic tritylodontids might be related with the Toarcian global warming and that the northward migration of tritylodontids during the Middle to Late Jurassic might have been influenced by aridification trend in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 51-year-old Japanese woman presented with translucent papules on the periorbital area and cheeks that had progressively enlarged over five years. She underwent a skin biopsy and was diagnosed with multiple apocrine hidrocystomas. Her lesions became more pronounced and obscured her vision when her body warmed up, such as during bathing. To alleviate her symptoms, we began treatment by partially resecting the tumors on the lower eyelids. After surgery, her vision was no longer obscured. Approximately 1.5 years later, she underwent ablative 10,600 nm carbon dioxide fractional laser therapy for the mildly enlarged apocrine hidrocystomas on her lower eyelids and cheeks. At roughly six months of follow-up, the symptoms had improved, and the cosmetic results were satisfactory, although minor scarring and hypopigmentation were still evident. These case findings underscore the effectiveness of ablative carbon dioxide fractional lasers in treating apocrine hidrocystomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Due to the length of the reserve crown and roots of equine cheek teeth, especially in young horses, their extraction (exodontia) can be a challenging procedure with the potential for many types of post‐extraction complications to develop. The prevalence of post‐extraction complications is greatly influenced by the exodontia technique used, with unacceptably high levels of complications with the traditional repulsion technique and conversely, low levels of complications with oral extraction performed by skilled operators. Recent objective studies on post‐exodontia problems in horses have also highlighted some risk factors for the development of post‐extraction problems including exodontia of rostral mandibular teeth in young horses, and exodontia of teeth with apical infections. The recent recognition that some nonhealing post‐extraction equine alveoli suffer from a disorder very similar to dry socket in humans, may help clinicians to recognise, treat and possibly help prevent this disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous research has established that photos of great apes, including humans, show a left cheek bias. As this bias is absent in images of lower primates and other animals, phylo-genetic proximity appears to influence humans’ depictions of nonhuman species. However Thomas et al.’s (2006) finding of a left cheek bias for dogs challenges this argument. As their analyses were underpowered, the present study sought to replicate Thomas et al.’s study with a larger sample to help determine whether human depictions of non-human animals vary as a function of their evolutionary relatedness. Materials and methods Photographs (N=2883) were sourced from Instagram’s ‘Most Recent’ feed using hashtags that matched Thomas et al.’s Google Image search terms: #dog, #cat, #fish, #lizard, #cute- baby, #cryingbaby. The first 401 lateral images for each hashtag were coded for pose orientation (left, right). Results Replicating Thomas et al., results confirmed a left cheek bias for mammals but not nonmammals. The left cheek bias was driven by images of human infants; there were no cheek biases for images of nonhuman animals (dogs, cats, lizards, fish). Conclusions As a left cheek bias was evident in photos of primates (#cutebaby, #cryingbaby), but absent for other mammals (#dog, #cat) and nonmammals (#lizard, #fish), the data support the argument that phylogenetic proximity influences posing biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. BACKGROUND: Skin quality may be assessed by degrees of skin smoothness, fine lines, and hydration. VYC-12L is a recently developed hyaluronic acid filler to improve skin quality. OBJECTIVE: This was a randomized, evaluator-blind study assessing safety and effectiveness of intradermal VYC-12L treatment for improving cheek skin smoothness, fine lines, and hydration. METHODS: Participants (≥22 years) with moderate-to-severe investigator-assessed Allergan Cheek Smoothness Scale (ACSS) scores were randomized in 2:1 ratio to receive VYC-12L or control (no treatment with optional treatment). Effectiveness was assessed 1 month after last injection (initial or touch-up) by a responder rate (≥1-grade improvement from baseline on both cheeks) using investigator-rated ACSS and Allergan Fine Lines Scale (AFLS), and tissue dielectric constant probe-measured skin hydration. Safety was evaluated throughout. RESULTS: Participants (VYC-12L, n = 131; control, n = 71) were 86.1% female with a median age of 58.0 years. At month 1, ACSS and AFLS responder rates were statistically significantly higher in the VYC-12L group (57.9%, 58.3%, respectively) than in the untreated controls (4.5%, 5.4%, respectively; p <.001). VYC-12L ACSS and AFLS responder rates remained consistent throughout the 6-month follow-up. Six participants reported treatment-related adverse events; none led to study discontinuation. CONCLUSION: VYC-12L is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for lasting improvement of cheek skin smoothness, fine lines, and hydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Photobiomodulation is a process by which the absorption of red light energy produces a series of physiological effects at the cellular level such as the enhancement of mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) production, cell signaling and growth factor synthesis, and the reduction of oxidative stress. Light emitting diodes (LEDs) photobiomodulation is an increasingly popular therapy for treating skin problems, especially for reversing the signs of skin aging. Objective: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a photobiomodulation treatment using red LEDs on the facial skin at a rate of two sessions per week for 3 months. The LED mask used is the Skin Light Dior x Lucibel mask diffusing a cold red light with a wavelength of 630 ± 10 nm and a power of 15.6 J/cm2 for a duration of 12 min. Method: In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the mask in reversing the signs of skin aging, a clinical study was conducted on 20 healthy Caucasian women: the antiwrinkle effect by measuring the depth of the crow's feet wrinkle, the relaxation of the oval of the face by clinical scoring, the firmness and elasticity of the skin by cutometric measurement, the density of the dermis by ultrasound analysis, the smoothness of the skin by measuring the roughness at the cheek, the homogeneity of the complexion by chromametric measurement, the diameter of the pores by macrophotographs and finally the sebo‐regulating effect by measurement of the rate of sebum and quantification of the number of pores containing porphyrin in the subjects presenting a mixed to oily skin. The satisfaction of the volunteers was also evaluated at the end of the study via a self‐questionnaire. Results: The efficacy results measured after 1, 2, and 3 months of use are progressive and confirm the interest of LED photobiomodulation to reverse the visible signs of skin aging. All the volunteers observed an overall improvement in skin quality. Conclusion: All the results observed confirm the interest of using photobiomodulation to reverse the visible signs of aging. These results last for up to 1 month after stopping the use of the mask, which is a sign of lasting structural and functional rejuvenation of the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Various histological studies of facial pigmented spot sites such as solar lentigo have been reported, but few studies have used quantitative indices by histomorphometric analysis of the internal structure of pigmented spot sites using non‐invasive methods. In the present study, to quantitatively elucidate morphological changes in the epidermis in male, darker‐pigmented spots and female, light‐pigmented spots, indices that characterize the internal structure of the epidermis in pigmented spot sites were measured using in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Methods: The darkness of pigmented spots on the cheeks of 69 women and 43 men was analysed using image analysis software. The L* value was calculated from RGB values obtained from facial images. The internal structures of pigmented spots on the cheeks of 13 subjects were observed by CLSM. Various parameters were measured using CLSM images from the surface of the stratum corneum to the bottom of the dermal papillae, including the thickness of the epidermis, melanosome content, and shape of the dermal papillae. Results: Mean ΔL* values between pigmented spots and non‐pigmented areas of male subjects were significantly increased in the 40s and 50s compared with those of female subjects. Conspicuous pigmented spots increased in the 40s in male subjects and the 50s in female subjects. In CLSM observations, significant increases in the thickness of the epidermis and melanosome content were confirmed in pigmented spots compared with surrounding non‐pigmented areas. In particular, melanosome content in the male subject group with dark‐coloured pigmented spots increased significantly to about eight times that of non‐pigmented areas, and more than double that of the male subject group with light‐coloured pigmented spots. Conclusion: From the measurements of quantitative parameters, morphological changes in the epidermis were clearly related to the surface colour tone of pigmented spots. Darker pigmented spot sites tended to show longer rete pegs in the epidermis. Accumulation of melanosomes in epidermal basal cells could be considered to increase with the degree of elongation of rete pegs at pigmented spot sites and, thus, induce darker pigmented spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive composite defects involving the lip and cheek present difficult reconstructive challenges in view of functional recovery like oral competence, articulation, speech and mastication. This study presents our results of reconstructing through and through cheek defect with the use of free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps. All the patients with carcinoma of buccal mucosa and cheek who underwent through and through cheek resection and reconstructed with free composite pedalled anterolateral thigh flap between March 2019 to March 2020 were included in the study. We have assessed the post-operative functional outcome using University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire at the end of 12 months duration. We have excluded lost to follow-up and flap failure patients. Fifty patients were matched our inclusion criteria. Mean age was 43 years. Male to female ratio was 4.6:1. Stage 3 disease was in 8 patients and stage 4 disease was in 42 patients. Average size of the flap required was 15 × 7.5 cm, maximum was 24 × 11 cm. Oral competence was good in 74% patients. 80% patients were able to take semisolid diet, 8% were on liquid diet and 12% were dependent on RT feed. Average physical function (70.47 ± 19.09), social-emotional sub-score (81.72 ± 16.63) and composite scores (76.09 ± 17.86) were good and within acceptable range. Chewing (53 ± 29.29) and swallowing (64 ± 21.57) scored poorly among 12 domains. For extensive through and through cheek defects bipedelled ALT provides good functional outcome. In view of advance disease status extensive resection would be responsible for bone and mucosal loss affecting chewing and swallowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synovial sarcomas are a rare entity in the head and neck region. We present a rare case of a 50 year old female presenting with a painless mass over right cheek since one year which gradually increased in size since past two months. Imaging was done which revealed a mass lesion in soft tissue of right cheek deep to the masseter muscle with no obvious involvement of the adjacent part of maxilla and mandible. Local wide excision of tumor was done. Histopathological examination revealed a malignant mesenchymal tumour. Further the specimen was subjected to immunohistochemical marker studies and diagnosis of high grade spindle cell sarcoma possibly synovial sarcoma was given. Patient then received Image guided radiation therapy and along with platinum based chemotherapy. Patient tolerated the treatment well. Patient was followed up for one year after completion of treatment and no recurrence was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical tumor ablation or severe trauma can result in challenging tissue defects. The split anterolateral thigh free flap has been promoted as an ideal option for complex defects. We aimed to evaluate whether this flap could be performed without major morbidity. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines was conducted to assess this hypothesis. An illustrative case about pharyngeal reconstruction is discussed, and the role of free split anterolateral thigh free flaps in modern reconstructive surgery is evaluated. The systematic search of literature yielded 221 studies with 7 articles about free anterolateral thigh flaps fully split in two separate flaps based on one pedicle. Favorable outcomes in a total of 31 patients were described. Tissue defects were mainly located at extremities, chest wall, lip, and cheek. A low complication incidence was reported in all studies, in terms of flap loss, donor site morbidity, and general wound healing problems. The flap was utilized for pharyngeal reconstruction and simultaneous neck resurfacing, which allowed a more convenient way of flap monitoring in the present case. Being technically a rather demanding flap variant, splitting the anterolateral thigh free flap has still become an accepted technique among microsurgeons. Currently, literature suggests that it can be performed without major complications for reconstructing extremities and the head and neck area. Rearrangement of the flap units in pharyngeal reconstruction increases the flap's versatility as it allows neck resurfacing and external monitoring of buried inaccessible flaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wrinkles are one of the key signs of an aging face. Cheek wrinkles have a prominent negative impact on facial aesthetic. Recognizing the pathology and types of different cheek wrinkles, and the possible minimal invasive interventions to treat them, are crucial for optimal aesthetic outcome. Objective: The classification of cheek wrinkles based on etiology, past literature, and wrinkle pattern, and the outlining of possible treatment options. Result: Five different types of cheek wrinkles are described: Type 1‐Atrophic cheek wrinkles, Type 2‐dynamic expressional cheek wrinkles, Type 3‐static expressional cheek wrinkles, Type 4‐laxity cheek wrinkles, and Type 5‐sleep cheek wrinkles. Treatment options and techniques for different types of cheek wrinkles are recommended accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are a sufficient number of works devoted to modeling crushing machines. Nevertheless, the fact that there are a large number of working conditions, and the ongoing development of science and technology, require continuous improvement and specification of the models intended for crushing processes and those of the devices concerned. However, there are few studies related to single-roll gyratory crushers. Such crushers are promising for use in mines to crush rocks laid in the developed space. Mathematical modeling and optimization of the design parameters of the working chamber and the executive body (roll) of a single-roll gyratory shaft crusher, designed for crushing strong rocks, was performed in this paper. A differential equation was derived. As a result of its solution, the rational shape of the working chamber cheek of the single-roll gyratory crusher was established, representing a logarithmic spiral arc. Analytical expressions were derived to determine the rational rotation speed and productivity of the crusher under consideration. Expressions for calculating the kinematic load components acting on the roll were formulated. They are the periodic functions of the shaft rotation angle. The Fourier series expansion showed that the loads contained harmonics of the first, second, third and fourth orders. Using the concept of fuzzy sets, a multi-criteria optimization of the design parameters of the working chamber was performed, including the values of the eccentricity and the central angle of the beginning of the cheek profile. The variation coefficients of the kinematic components of the loads acting on the working body reduced, due to the optimal choice of the working chamber profile and the angular coordinates of the installation of the fixed cheeks. The torque reduced 1.67 times, while the radial load decreased 1.2 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This article is mainly about that molecular characterization and expression pattern of leptin in yellow cheek carp (Elopichthys bambusa) and its transcriptional changes in response to fasting and refeeding. In this study, the authors used PCR to clone the CDS of leptin in yellow cheek carp, and analyzed the sequence differences of the gene with other species, constructed the phylogenetic tree, used real-time PCR for analyzing the expression of leptin in different tissues, including the expression of leptin in the brain and liver after fasting–refeeding of yellow cheek carp. This paper found that the full-length cDNA sequence of Eblep was 1140 bp and the length of the open reading frame (ORF), which can encode a protein of 174 amino acids, was 525 bp. The Eblep mRNA transcript was detected in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in the liver and lowest expression in the spleen. It was found that the change in the mRNA expression of EbLep may be an adaptive strategy for different energy levels by studying the expression of EbLep mRNA in the brain and liver under fasting and refeeding. Leptin, a secretory protein encoded by obese genes, plays an important role in regulating feeding and energy metabolism in fish. To study the structure and function of the Leptin gene in yellow cheek carp (Elopichthys bambusa), the full-length cDNA sequence of leptin was cloned, named EbLep. The full-length cDNA of Eblep was 1140 bp, and the length of the open reading frame (ORF), which can encode a protein of 174 amino acids, was 525 bp. The signal peptide was predicted to contain 33 amino acids. Sequence alignment showed that the amino acid sequence of Leptin was conserved in cyprinid fish. Despite large differences between primary structures, the tertiary structure of the EbLep protein was similar to that of the human protein and had four α-helices. The EbLep mRNA transcript was detected in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in the liver and lowest expression in the spleen. In this study, short-term fasting significantly increased the mRNA expression of EbLep in the liver, which returned to a normal level after 6 days of refeeding and was significantly lower than the normal level after 28 days of refeeding. In the brain, the mRNA expression of EbLep significantly decreased during short-term fasting and significantly increased to a higher value than the control group after 1 h of refeeding. It then rapidly decreased to a lower value than the control group after 6 h of refeeding, returning to the normal level after 1 day of refeeding, and significantly decreasing to a lower value than the control group after 28 days of refeeding. To sum up, the change in the mRNA expression of EbLep in the brain and liver may be an adaptive strategy for different energy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the case of a 51-year-old female who was rushed to a hospital department due to ulcer in her preexisting discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) lesions on her right cheek to discuss reconstruction of a large oncologic defect of the lower eyelid and infraorbital cheek using a modified supratrochlear artery forehead island (MSTAFI) flap. The flat is recommended to avoid the risk of necrosis and ectropion.

Purpose: To report our experience on lid reconstruction in patients. Methods: This study was carried out in the Plastic Surgery Department of GMC Srinagar between from January 2009 to December 2019. It involved 25 patients, in whom lid reconstruction was done. Results: The records of all patients who underwent eyelid reconstructions were analysed for etiology, site and type of defect, method of reconstruction utilized, post operative complications and the final functional and cosmetic outcome. The study involved 25 patients (20 females and 5 males). Mean age was 57.5 years (range 12-86 years). Most common etiology of lid defect was post tumor excision All 21 flaps used for partial reconstruction remained viable, whereas 1 of the 10 cheek flaps developed partial distal necrosis. Conclusions: Local flaps are the gold standard for lid reconstruction. KEY WORDS: Lower lid reconstruction, Local flaps, Chondromucosal graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]