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Background: Lawsonia inermis L. has been used as a traditional or folk medicine for the treatment of a wide range of skin infectious diseases. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacognostic specifications and lawsone contents of L. inermis leaves. Materials and Methods: The pharmacognostic specifications of L. inermis leaves from 12 sources were evaluated according to the WHO guideline of quality control method for medicinal plant materials. The lawsone contents were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled with densitometry and image analysis. Results: Microscopic evaluation of L. inermis powders showed the fragment of mesophyll, fragment of parenchyma, epidermis layer with stomata, and the rosette crystal of calcium oxalate. Physicochemical parameters revealed that total ash, acid-insoluble ash, loss on drying, and water content should be not <6.98, 1.12, 8.08, and 9.86% of dried weight, respectively, whereas ethanol and water extractive values should be not < 19.67 and 23.06% of dried weight, respectively. The content of lawsone in L. inermis leaves by TLC-densitometry was found to be 0.76 ± 0.05 g/100 g of dried crude drug, whereas the lawsone content evaluation by TLC image analysis was found to be 0.87 ± 0.11 g/100 g of dried crude drug. The validation of the methods revealed that both TLC-densitometry and TLC image analysis showed a good sensitivity and accuracy for lawsone quantitation in L. inermis. Conclusion: The pharmacognostic specifications could be used as the standardization data of L. inermis leaves, and the development of TLC method could be applied to determine lawsone content in this plant material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alston. (Rutaceae) or Ma-khwaen is one of the medicinal plants in Thai traditional medicine. To investigate the pharmacognostic specifications and chemical constituents of Z. limonella fruits and seeds. Fruits and seeds of Z. limonella were collected from 15 sources throughout Thailand; then examined the pharmacognostic specification following WHO guideline of quality control method for medicinal plant materials. Microscopic determination of Z. limonella powders demonstrated fragment of mesocarp, fragment of brown vitta, oil glands, fragment of endocarp, and endosperm containing oil globule, trichome and pale brown stone cells. Stomatal index and pellucid dots in mm2 were 19.87 and 4.2 respectively. Physico-chemical parameters unveiled that loss on drying, water content, total ash, and acid-insoluble ash should be not >17.90%, 9.18%, 4.50%, and 0.60% of dried weight respectively; while ethanol, water, and hexane extractive values and volatile oil content should be not <2.24%, 2.27%, 1.57% and 9.63% of dried weight respectively. Rf values of thin-layer chromatographic fingerprint of Z. limonella fruits and seeds ethanolic extract were 0.38, 0.45, 0.90, and 0.97 detected ultraviolet (UV) light 254 nm, 0.30, 0.44, 0.67, and 0.77 detected UV light 366 nm, and 0.24, 0.73, 0.78, and 0.93 detected 10% sulfuric acid. There are three main chemical compounds in Z. limonella oil including limonene (43.63%), (+)-sabinene (16.72%), and terpinen-4-ol (10.95%). The result gained from pharmacognostic specifications and chemical fingerprints could be used as standardization data of Z. limonella fruits and seeds to apply or provide for guarantee of quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil of Elsholtzia beddomei C. B. Clarke ex Hook. f. was investigated for its chemical composition and tested for antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The E. beddomei essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation for 4 h (yield of 1.38% w/w). Forty-three volatile compounds were identified in the E. beddomei essential oil, including linalool (83.67%), perillaldehyde (4.68%), neral (3.68%), perillene (1.65%), E-caryophyllene (1.55%), and α-zingiberene (1.06%) as the major compounds. The antioxidant activity of the E. beddomei essential oil was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation scavenging activity. The IC50 values calculated using the DPPH and ABTS methods were 148.31 and 172.22 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, using disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, the antimicrobial activities of the E. beddomei essential oil against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans were evaluated. The E. beddomei essential oil possessed an inhibitory effect with the minimum inhibitory concentration in the range of 31.25–250.00 µg/mL among these pathogens. The results indicated that E. beddomei essential oil is an alternative raw material of food, and medicinal products for use in pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was the first investigation of the essential oil composition of Goniothalamus tortilipetalus M.R.Hend. The aim of this study is to investigate the essential oil composition extracted from different parts of Goniothalamus tortilipetalus M.R.Hend., including flowers, leaves, and twigs, and to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The Clevenger apparatus was used for hydrodistillation to prepare the essential oils. The essential oils were investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The three major compounds of the flowers were bicyclogermacrene (15.81%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (14.68%), and E-caryophyllene (7.02%), whereas the leaves were p-cymene (39.57%), ascaridole (9.39%), and α-copaene (9.12%). In the case of the twigs, α-copaene (10.34%), selin-11-en-4-α-ol (8.85%), and p-cymene (7.76%) were the major compounds. The flower essential oil showed antioxidant activities with IC50 values of 725.21 µg/mL and 123.06 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. The flower essential oil also displayed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella flexneri, with the same MIC value of 640 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of chemical constituents found in the EtOAc extract of Uvaria hamiltonii twigs. The Uvaria genus has been traditionally used in medicine to treat malaria symptoms, fever, and stomach disorders. The study isolated 15 known compounds from the twig extract and tested their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Some of the compounds showed potential in inhibiting cancer cell growth and exhibited antibacterial activity against certain strains. The article provides detailed information about the isolated compounds, including their physical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The research was supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation and conducted at Mae Fah Luang University. [Extracted from the article]

Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae) has a worldwide distribution and has been widely used in traditional medicines. In this study, we report wild strains of Ganoderma that include two G. sichuanense and one G. orbiforme from northern Thailand. Optimal conditions for mycelium growth were ensured. The most favourable medium was potato sucrose agar for G. sichuanense and oatmeal agar for G. orbiforme and at 25 °C and 30 °C and pH 4–8. All types of cereal grains can be used to promote the growth of the mycelia of Ganoderma species. Fruiting tests were performed. All strains of Ganoderma produce fruiting bodies successfully in bag culture at 28 ± 1 °C with 75–85% relative humidity. Only G. orbiforme produced fruiting bodies in field cultivation at the laboratory scale. In the first flush yields, the G. sichuanense strain MFLUCC 22-0064 gave better production (the B.E was 152.35 ± 6.98 g). This study is the first to document the bag and field cultivation of wild Thai G. orbiforme. Ganoderma species are revealed to contain high amounts of fiber (47.90–52.45% d.b.), protein (12.80–14.67% d.b.), fat (4.90–5.70% d.b.), and carbohydrates (3.16–4.02% d.b.). Additionally, G. sichuanense and G. orbiforme were preliminarily screened for biological activity for inhibition of alpha–glucosidase enzyme activity. The IC50 values of G. orbiforme (MFLUCC 22-0066) was 105.97 ± 1.36 µg/mL and G. sichuanense (MFLUCC 22-0064) was 126.94 ± 0.87 µg/mL. Both strains had better inhibition than acarbose (168.18 ± 0.89 µM). These results on wild strains of Ganoderma will be useful for further studies on the applications of Ganoderma. Later the species can be introduced to domestic markets for cultivation and medicinal use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gonioridleylactam (1), a new compound, is a unique dimeric aristolactam isolated from the EtOAc extract of the twigs of Goniothalamus ridleyi King. The structure of gonioridleylactam (1) consists of two different aristolactams linked together with two methylenedioxy bridges at C–3/C–3′ and C–4/C–4′, generating a ten-membered ring of [1,3,6,8]tetraoxecine. A new natural product, gonioridleyindole (3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-1H-benz[f]indole-4,9-dione, 2), together with eight known compounds (3–10) were also isolated from this plant. Their structures were extensively characterized by spectroscopic methods and comparisons were made with the literature. Compounds 1–4, 7, and 9 were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Of these, 3,5-demethoxypiperolide (7) displayed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 1.25 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sixteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract of C. excavata fruits. • Nine compounds (1, 3, 5, 6, 8 – 10, 15 , and 16) were isolated from C. excavata for the first time. • The absolute configuration of the bioactive limonoids 15 and 16 were confirmed by the X-ray crystallography using Cu Kα radiation. • Compounds 7 (auraptene) and 14 (safrole) showed a moderate glucose uptake with ratios of 1.38-fold and 1.41-fold, respectively. • The cytotoxicity of auraptene 7, 8 , and 10 against lung cancer A549, RAW 264.7 cells, and colorectal cancer SW480 are reported for the first time in this study. Phytochemical investigation of the fruit extract of Clausena excavata Burm. f. resulted in the isolation and identification of 16 compounds, including seven coumarins (1 – 7), four phenylpropanoids (8 – 10 and 14), two benzaldehyde derivatives (11 and 12), one carbazole alkaloid (13), and two limonoids (15 and 16). Of these, nine compounds (1, 3, 5, 6, 8 – 10, 15 , and 16) were isolated from C. excavata for the first time. The absolute configuration of limonoids 15 and 16 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines, namely lung cancer A549, colorectal cancer SW480, leukemic K562 cells as well as glucose uptake, glucose consumption, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Compounds 7 (auraptene) and 14 (safrole) showed moderate glucose uptake with ratios of 1.38-fold and 1.41-fold compared to the positive control (metformin, 2.25-fold). Compound 7 (auraptene) also exhibited weak cytotoxicity against lung cancer A549, colorectal cancer SW480, and leukemic K562 cells with IC 50 values of 77.2, 157.3, and 105.3 µM, respectively, while compounds 8 ((E)-piperonylprop-2-enal) and 10 (ethyl p -coumarate) exhibited weak cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells and colorectal cancer SW480 cells with IC 50 values of 234.9 and 219.5 μM, respectively. Compounds 1, 3, 7 , and 14 – 16 showed a MIC of >512 µg/mL revealing them to be inactive. : [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathurameha is a traditional Thai herbal formula with a clinically proven effect of blood sugar reduction in patients with diabetes mellitus, but its anti-diabetic complication potential is largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of Mathurameha and its underlying mechanisms against high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. After confirming no cytotoxic effects, the cells were treated with normal glucose (NG), high glucose (HG), or high glucose plus Mathurameha (HG + M) for 24 h. A quantitative label-free proteomic analysis using the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) approach identified 24 differentially altered proteins among the three groups: 7 between HG and NG, 9 between HG + M and NG, and 13 between HG + M and HG. Bioinformatic analyses suggested a potential anti-diabetic action through the epidermal growth factor (EGF) pathway. Subsequent functional validations demonstrated that Mathurameha reduced the EGF secretion and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in high glucose-treated cells. Mathurameha also exhibited a stimulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production while significantly reducing the secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in high glucose-treated cells. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that Mathurameha attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction through the EGF/NO/IL-1β regulatory axis. This study reveals the potential of Mathurameha, a traditional Thai herbal formula, in mitigating high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction, a common complication in diabetes mellitus. Using proteomics and bioinformatic analyses followed by functional validations, the present study highlights the protective effects of Mathurameha through the EGF/NO/IL-1β regulatory axis. These findings support its potential use as a therapeutic intervention for diabetic vascular complications and provide valuable information for developing more effective anti-diabetic drugs. [Display omitted] • A traditional Thai herbal formula "Mathurameha" showed anti-diabetic activity. • This herbal remedy attenuated high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunctions. • Mathurameha exerted its anti-diabetic mechanism through the EGF/NO/IL-1β regulatory axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigations of the twig and leaf extracts of Uvaria dac Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep. resulted in the isolation and identification of five new highly oxygenated cyclohexenes, uvaridacols M − Q (1 – 3 , 5 , and 6), and six known compounds (4 and 7 – 11). All new structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and HRESITOFMS data. The absolute configuration of 1 , 5 , and 6 was confirmed by single X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu Kα radiation. In contrast, other compounds were established by comparing their specific rotation and ECD spectra with those of known compounds. Some of the isolated compounds with sufficient quantity were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Of these, (−)-1,6-desoxypipoxide (10) showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 28.6 μM. The in silico molecular docking of active compounds was also studied. Phytochemical investigations of the twig and leaf extracts of Uvaria dac Pierre ex Finet & Gagnep. resulted in the isolation and identification of five new highly oxygenated cyclohexenes and six known compounds. Some of the isolated compounds with sufficient quantity were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Of these, (−)-1,6-desoxypipoxide (10) showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an IC 50 value of 28.6 μM. [Display omitted] • Five new oxygenated cyclohexenes were isolated from Uvaria dac. • The absolute configuration of uvaridacol M, P, Q were confirmed by single X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu Kα radiation. • Oxygenated cyclohexenes containing a cinnamoyl moiety, such as uvaridacols N and P first reported here. • 1,6-Desoxypipoxide showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activity. • 1,6-Desoxypipoxide was docked into α -glucosidase (PDB ID: 2QMJ) in silico molecular docking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaempferia parviflora (Black ginger) is used widely in medical fields as an anti-microorganism and anti-inflammation. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-acne efficacy of black ginger extract. The results indicate that the methanol and ethanol extracts showed the highest total phenolic contents, without a significant difference, whereas the n-hexane extract showed the highest total flavonoid content. Nine flavones were detected using UPLC−QTOF−MS, and the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest amount of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) according to HPLC. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes was observed. All the extracts showed antimicrobial activity against C. acnes, revealing MICs in the range of 0.015 to 0.030 mg/mL, whereas the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis with a MIC of 3.84 mg/mL. In addition, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity regarding nitric oxide inhibition (IC50 = 12.59 ± 0.35 µg/mL). The ethyl acetate extract was shown to be safe regarding cell viability at 0.1 mg/mL. The anti-acne efficacy was evaluated on volunteers. The volunteers were treated in two groups: one administered a 0.02% ethyl acetate extract gel-cream (n = 9) and one administered a placebo (n = 9) for 6 weeks. The group treated with the gel-cream containing the extract showed 36.52 and 52.20% decreases in acne severity index (ASI) after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively, and 18.19 and 18.54% decreases in erythema, respectively. The results suggest that K. parviflora could be a potent active ingredient in anti-inflammatory and anti-acne products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three previously undescribed aporphine alkaloids, phaeanthuslucidines E–G, one previously undescribed naphthoquinone derivative, phaeanthusnaphthoquinone, and three known compounds were isolated from an EtOAc extract of the leaves of Phaeanthus lucidus Oliv. The structures of all previously undescribed compounds were established through extensive spectroscopic investigations and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. The 6a R configuration of phaeanthuslucidines E–G was assigned by comparing their ECD spectra and specific rotation values with the reported known compounds. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their α -glucosidase inhibitory activity. Among these compounds, phaeanthuslucidine E showed the highest α -glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 17.9 ± 0.4 μM. The molecular docking of phaeanthuslucidine E was further studied. Three undescribed N -benzoyl aporphine alkaloids, phaeanthuslucidines E–G, and a previously undescribed naphthoquinone derivative, phaeanthusnaphthoquinone, were isolated from the leaves of Phaeanthus lucidus Oliv. Phaeanthuslucidine E showed good α -glucosidase inhibitory activity. [Display omitted] • Three undescribed N -benzoyl aporphine alkaloids were isolated. • A previously undescribed naphthoquinone derivative was isolated. • Phaeanthuslucidine E showed good α -glucosidase inhibitory activity. • The molecular docking of phaeanthuslucidine E was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oil was extracted from Peucedanum dhana A. Ham, which grows in Thailand, using a Clevenger apparatus, resulting in an oil yield of 0.76% w/w. Forty-two compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major compounds were trans-piperitol (51.23%), β-pinene (11.72%), o-cymene (11.12%), γ-terpinene (9.21%), and limonene (4.91%). The antimicrobial activity of the P. dhana essential oil was investigated by measuring the inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The inhibition zone diameters of P. dhana essential oil (1000 µg/mL) against tested pathogens ranged from 10.70 to 40.80 mm. Significant antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens was obtained, with MIC and MMC values of 62.50–250 µg/mL and 250–1000 µg/mL, respectively. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes exposed to P. dhana essential oil at the MIC were analysed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide (PI) and SYTO9 to assess membrane integrity compared to trans-piperitol and β-pinene. After 24 h, treatments with trans-piperitol resulted in the most significant cell membrane alteration and depolarization followed by P. dhana essential oil and β-pinene, respectively. It was demonstrated that the P. dhana essential oil presented antibacterial action against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and E. aerogenes. The antioxidant activity of P. dhana essential oil was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium (ABTS) scavenging activity assays. The IC50 values obtained from the DPPH and ABTS methods were 9.13 and 9.36 mg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of P. dhana oil was tested against human colonic adenocarcinoma (SW480), human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), cervical cancer (Hela), and murine fibroblast (3T3L1) cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The essential oil had cytotoxicity against all cancer cells, with significant cytotoxicity towards SW480 cells. As a control experiment, two pure compounds—trans-piperitol and β-pinene, were also tested for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity. Both compounds showed varied activity in all assays. The results indicate that P. dhana essential oil could be used as a source of functional ingredients in food and pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigation of the mycelia of the pathogenic fungus Curvularia sp. which was isolated from a leaf of Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass), resulted in the isolation of a new compound, curvulariahawadride (5), along with five known compounds (1–4, and 6). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configuration of 5 was established from experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Compounds 1, 3, and 5 showed nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 53.7, 32.8, and 12.8 µM, respectively. Compounds 2 and 4 showed significant cytotoxicity against lung cancer A549, colorectal cancer SW480, and leukemic K562 cells with an IC50 ranging value of 11.73 to 17.59 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red limestone is a mixture of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder and limestone which is made from burning shells at high temperature. The yellow mixture turns to red color or deep orange because of the reaction between turmeric and calcium carbonate in limestone. Red limestone is traditionally used to treat many diseases such as abscess, cut wound and insect bite. The purpose of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory activity and chemical constituents of red limestone. The chemical analysis of red limestone extract by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that red limestone consisted of alpha-turmerone and curcumanolide B as major components. These compounds were related with the chemical constituents in C. longa extract which is a main ingredient of red limestone. However, curcuminoids were not detected in red limestone extract. Cytotoxicity of red limestone extract was investigated. Macrophage cell lines (RAW 264.7) and human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT cells) were investigated cell viability using MTT assay. Red limestone extract was nontoxic to normal cells such as macrophage cells and human keratinocyte cells. Moreover, the inflammatory activity was detected nitric oxide (NO) secretion in RAW 264.7 cells. The result showed that the extracts inhibited NO in dose-dependent manner and IC50 was found to be 102.42 μg/ml. It suggested that red limestone extract had a potential for anti-inflammatory activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prabchompoothaweep (PCT) is a Thai remedy which is composed of 23 herbs and has been added onto the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) of Thailand. This remedy has been used to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma in Thai traditional medicine for many years. Furthermore, a few studies have reported anti-allergic, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study aims to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of PCT extract in an animal model. The animal model of acute inflammation was studied over a 24-h period, utilizing the method of carrageenan-induced paw oedema. In addition, sub-acute inflammation was examined over 7 days, using the formalin-induced paw oedema method. The treatment groups received PCT extracts, via the oral route, at 1-h prior to injection and then the sub plantar of the rat right paw was injected with the named substances to generate paw oedema. The paw thickness was measured by vernier caliper at regular intervals after injection. At the end of experiment, the blood and paw tissues were collected for measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histological examination respectively. In acute inflammation, all doses of PCT extract (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg p.o.) significantly reduced paw thickness after the first 3 h in a dose-dependent manner and the percentage of inhibition was 38.7%, 47.8% and 49.5% respectively. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, statistically decreased with all doses of the extracts. However, the histological examination did not reveal significant results due to the short time duration. As regards to sub-acute inflammation, all doses of PCT extract significantly reduced paw thickness with 12.78%, 23.64% and 35.78%, in a dose dependent manner. Also, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) significantly decreased at day 7. Interestingly, the histological examination of paw tissue demonstrated reductions of mononuclear infiltrations of inflammatory cells, this was observed in the group receiving PCT extracts, also in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, PCT exerted anti-inflammatory activity in an animal model of acute and sub-acute inflammation, suggesting that it could be used as a new source for treatment of inflammatory diseases. [Display omitted] • Prabchompoothaweep (PCT), a Thai remedy, is used to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma in Thai traditional medicine and has anti-inflammatory potential. • PCT exerts anti-inflammatory activity by reducing paw thickness and pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute and sub-acute inflammation. • PCT reduces mononuclear infiltrations in paw tissue, which have been observed only in the sub-acute inflammatory model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first phytochemical investigation of the twigs of Phaeanthus lucidus Oliv. resulted in the isolation and identification of four undescribed alkaloids, including two aporphine dimers, phaeanthuslucidines A and B, a hybrid of aristolactam-aporphine, phaeanthuslucidine C, and a C– N linked aporphine dimer, phaeanthuslucidine D, together with two known compounds. Their structures were determined by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and by comparison of their spectroscopic and physical data with previous reports. Phaeanthuslucidines A–C and bidebiline E were analysed and resolved by chiral HPLC to yield the (R a) and (S a) atropisomers, whose absolute configurations were respectively determined by ECD calculations. Phaeanthuslucidines A and B, bidebiline E, and lanuginosine showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 6.7–29.2 μM. Moreover, molecular docking simulations of α -glucosidase inhibition of active compounds were studied. Phaeanthuslucidines A−D, undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids, and two known aporphine alkaloids were isolated from the twig extract of Phaeanthus lucidus Oliv. Phaeanthuslucidines A and B, bidebiline E, and lanuginosine showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 6.7–29.2 μM. [Display omitted] • Four undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids were isolated from Phaeanthus lucidus. • Phaeanthuslucidine C was a hybrid of aristolactam-aporphine. • Phaeanthuslucidine D had an N -aryl linkage of a dimeric aporphine alkaloid. • Aporphine alkaloid dimers were successful resolved by chiral-phase HPLC. • Four aporphine alkaloids showed significant α -glucosidase inhibitory activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A phytochemical investigation of the twig extract of Trivalvaria costata (Hook.f. & Thomson) I.M.Turner has identified ten undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids, trivalcostatines A−J, one undescribed isoquinoline alkaloid, trivalcostaisoquinoline, and four known aporphine alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR and HRESITOFMS data. Three of the dimeric aporphine structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the dimeric aporphine alkaloids were isolated as mixtures of atropisomers. Several of them were resolved by chiral-phase HPLC and the absolute configurations of the pure atropisomers were assigned by calculated and experimental ECD analysis. Bidebilines A and B, heteropsine, and urabaine showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 4.1–11 μM. Ten undescribed dimeric aporphine alkaloids, trivalcostatines A−J, one undescribed isoquinoline alkaloid, trivalcostaisoquinoline, and four known aporphine alkaloids were isolated the twig extract of Trivalvaria costata (Hook.f. & Thomson) I.M.Turner. Four known aporphine alkaloids showed α -glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values in the range of 4.14–10.9 μM. [Display omitted] • Eleven undescribed alkaloids were isolated from Trivalvaria costata. • Undescribed aporphine alkaloids were dimers and they were atropisomers. • The (R a) and (S a) absolute configuration of atropisomer were determined. • Four aporphine alkaloids showed good α -glucosidase inhibitory activities. • Three x-ray structures of aporphine alkaloids were reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytochemical investigations of the leaf and pod extracts of Millettia brandisiana Kurz led to the isolation and identification of four previously undescribed rotenoids, (–)-(6a S ,12a S)-millettiabrandisins A–C and (–)-(6a S ,12a S)-6-deoxyclitoriacetal, two previously undescribed isoflavones, millettiabrandisins D and E, and 20 known compounds. The structures of previously undescribed compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and MS data. The absolute configurations of (–)-(6a S ,12a S)-millettiabrandisins A–C were determined from the comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. (–)-(6a R ,12a R)-12a-Hydroxy-α-toxicarol was also confirmed by X-ray crystallographic data. Some isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines, including lung cancer (A549), colorectal cancer (SW480), and leukemic cells (K562). Of these, α-toxicarol displayed the best cytotoxicity against lung cancer (A549) and leukemic cells (K562) with the IC 50 values of 104.4 and 67.5 μM, respectively. 6″,6″-Dimethylchromene-[2″,3″:7,8]-flavone showed the highest cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer (SW480) with an IC 50 value of 97.2 μM. Four undescribed rotenoids and two undescribed isoflavones, along with twenty known compounds, were isolated from the leaf and pod extracts of Millettia brandisiana Kurz. The cytotoxicity against lung cancer (A549), colorectal cancer (SW480), and leukemic cells (K562) were evaluated. [Display omitted] • Six previously undescribed compounds were isolated from M. brandisiana. • The absolute configuration of rotenoids were determined by ECD spectra. • All rotenoids isolated from this plant were single enantiomers. • The cytotoxicities against three cancer cell lines were evaluated. • The x-ray structure of (–)-(6a R ,12a R)-12a-hydroxy-α-toxicarol was reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytochemical investigation of the fruit and leaf extracts of Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner (Moraceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of four undescribed isoflavones (macluracochinones A-D) and one undescribed flavone (macluracochinone E), together with 24 known compounds. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HRESITOFMS) experiments. Gancaonin M, lupiwighteone, lupalbigenin, warangalone, auriculatin, and millexatin F displayed good antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values in the range of 1–8 μg/mL. Lupalbigenin showed strong activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus with the same MIC value of 1 μg/mL. [Display omitted] • Five undescribed flavonoids were isolated from Maclura cochinchinensis. • Flavonoids are the major compounds of M. cochinchinensis. • Five compounds showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. • Lupalbigenin showed strong activities against MRSA and S. aureus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified from Polyathia cinnamomea twigs. • Oxoprotoberberine alkaloids are the major compounds of P. cinnamomea species. • Two compounds were confirmed absolute configuration by X-ray diffraction data. • Six compounds exhibited α -glucosidase inhibitory activity better than acarbose. • (−)-(13a S)-consanguine B exhibited NO inhibitory activity better than indomethacin. The first phytochemical investigation of Polyalthia cinnamomea led to the isolation and identification of two new oxoprotoberberine alkaloids, (−)-(13a S)-polyalthiacinnamines A and B, together with eleven known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. The absolute configuration of miliusacunine E and consanguine B was established by X-ray diffraction analysis using Cu Kα radiation and ECD spectra, whereas the absolute configurations of polyalthiacinnamines A and B were established by comparison of their ECD spectra and specific rotations with those of miliusacunine E and consanguine B. Compounds 1 – 4 , 6 , and 8 exhibited α -glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC 50 values ranging from 11.3 to 57.9 µM) better than a positive control (acarbose, IC 50 83.5 μM). Compound 2 also exhibited NO production inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value of 24.4 μM (indomethacin, a positive control, IC 50 = 32.2 μM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]