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BACKGROUND In the present study, we describe a procedure to cryopreserve the postnatal members of the Leydig cell lineage, including progenitor (PLC), immature (ILC) and adult (ALC) Leydig cells from, respectively 21-, 35- and 90-day-old rats. METHODS The cells were resuspended in a culture medium supplemented with 1% bovine serum albumin (Dulbeccos Modified Eagles Medium [DMEM]/F12) to a final concentration of 2 × 106cells/ml and the effects of varying concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (5, 10, 15 or 20%) were assessed after freezing at −70°C and then storing in liquid nitrogen. After 12 months of frozen storage, these cells were thawed rapidly at 37°C and Trypan Blue exclusion staining and attachment to culture dishes were assessed as measures of viability. RESULTS The trypan blue exclusion and attachment rates for Leydig cell stages were around 85% in the presence of 15% DMSO. After frozen storage, Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity in response to a range of LH doses, (0.01–100 ng/ml) was unchanged compared with freshly isolated control cells. Furthermore, the steady-state mRNA levels for Leydig cell specific transcripts were maintained. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that purified rat Leydig cells at a range of developmental stages can be frozen and that the cryopreserved cells retain normal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]