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[Display omitted] Aqueous Zn–S batteries (AZSBs) have garnered increasing attention in the energy storage field owing to their high capacity, energy density, and cost effectiveness. Nevertheless, sulfur (S) cathodes face challenges, primarily stemming from sluggish reaction kinetics and the formation of an irreversible byproduct (SO 4 2−) during the charge, hindering the progress of AZSBs. Herein, Te–S bonds within S-based cathodes were introduced to enhance electron and ion transport and facilitate the conversion reaction from zinc sulfide (ZnS) to S. This was achieved by constructing heteroatomic TeS-x@Ketjen black composite cathodes (HM-TeS-x@KB, where x = 36, 9, and 4). The HM-TeS-9@KB electrode exhibits long-term cycling stability, maintaining a capacity decay rate of 0.1 % per cycle over 450 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. Crucially, through a combination of experimental data analysis and theoretical calculations, the impact mechanism of Te on the charge and discharge of S active materials within the HM-TeS-9@KB cathode in AZSBs was investigated. The presence of Te–S bonds boost the intrinsic conductivity and wettability of the HM-TeS-9@KB cathode. Furthermore, during the charge, the interaction of preferentially oxidized Te with S atoms within ZnS promotes the oxidation reaction from ZnS to S and suppresses the irreversible side reaction between ZnS and H 2 O. These findings indicate that the heteroatomization of chalcogen S molecules represents a promising approach for enhancing the electrochemical performance of S cathodes in AZSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioreactors are advanced biomanufacturing tools that have been widely used to develop various applications in the fields of health care and cellular agriculture. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of bioreactors to enhance the efficiency and scalability of these technologies. In cell therapy, bioreactors have been used to expand and differentiate cells into specialized cell types that can be used for transplantation or tissue regeneration. In cultured meat production, bioreactors offer a controlled and efficient means of producing meat without the need for animal farming. Bioreactors can support the growth of muscle cells by providing the necessary conditions for cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation, including the provision of oxygen and nutrients. This review article aims to provide an overview of the current state of bioreactor technology in both cell therapy and cultured meat production. It will examine the various bioreactor types and their applications in these fields, highlighting their advantages and limitations. In addition, it will explore the future prospects and challenges of bioreactor technology in these emerging fields. Overall, this review will provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners interested in using bioreactor technology to develop innovative solutions in the biomanufacturing of therapeutic cells and cultured meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The severe dendrite growth on zinc anode in alkaline electrolyte brings great challenge to the development of zinc‐based batteries. It is a simple and effective strategy to inhibit zinc dendrite formation by introducing additives into the electrolyte. In this study, N, S‐doped carbon dots (TU‐CQDs) were synthesized and used as additives to regulate zinc deposition in a typical KOH electrolyte. The experimental and three‐dimensional transient nucleation model disclosed that the special functional groups of carbon dots can change the electrode surface state and the coordination behaviors of zinc species in the electrolyte. Therefore, TU‐CQDs can not only inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction, but also achieve uniform zinc deposition. The in‐situ synchrotron radiation X‐ray imaging elucidated that TU‐CQDs can effectively inhibit the dendrite growth and improve the reversibility of zinc plating/stripping process. This work provides a feasible route for regulating the reversibility of zinc metal anode in alkaline electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-transformation strategy in morphology and phase is employed to enhance the I 2 adsorption, structural stability and wettability of PBA in aqueous electrolyte via ion exchange during charging-discharging process. These transformed ZnFe-PBA nanosheets serve as hosts for I 2 , facilitate I 2 /I− redox reactions and provide additional capacity, leading to enhanced electrochemical performances in aqueous Zn-I 2 battery. [Display omitted] • Mn2+ in MnFn-PBA dissolves in electrolyte; Zn2+ from electrolyte fills vacancies, transforming MnFe-PBA nanocubes into ZnFe-PBA nanosheets. • The dual-transformed ZnFe-PBA nanosheets serve as iodine host with improved structural stability, wettability, and I 2 adsorption. • The ZnFe-PBA/I 2 //Zn battery delivers a high specific capacity with enhanced rate performance and cycling stability in Zn-I 2 battery. Aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine (Zn-I 2) batteries have attracted considerable interest for their high theoretical capacity, cost-effectiveness and safety. However, challenges such as sluggish reaction kinetics of iodine (I 2 /I−), polyiodide dissolution and the "shuttle effect" impede their widespread industrialization. Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) have emerged as promising hosts for iodine, but transition metal ions dissolution in aqueous electrolytes undermines PBAs stability, leading to structural degradation and diminished electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose a dual-transformation strategy: the phase transition of MnFe-PBA to ZnFe-PBA and the morphological transition from nanocubes to nanosheets, aiming to achieve enhanced stability and wettability. The Mn2+ ions within MnFe-PBA dissolve into the electrolyte, creating vacancies that are subsequently occupied by Zn2+ ions from the electrolyte, thereby forming stable ZnFe-PBA nanosheets. These transformed ZnFe-PBA nanosheets serve as hosts for I 2 and facilitate I 2 /I− redox reactions while provide additional capacity. The transformed ZnFe-PBA/I 2 //Zn battery achieves a high capacity of 250mAh/g at 0.5 A/g and remains at 190 mAh/g after 1200 cycles. At high current density (5 A/g), this battery still delivers a capacity of 100 mAh/g after 21000 cycles, showing excellent cyclic stability. This work presents a promising host of iodine and provides new research direction for long-life Zn-I 2 batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phellodon is a genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi with important ecological roles and exploitable biological activities. In this study, four new species of Phellodon, P. caesius, P. henanensis, P. concentricus and P. subgriseofuscus, are described from China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. The phylogenetic analyses of Phellodon were carried out based on the ITS + nLSU gene regions and the combined sequence dataset of ITS + nLSU + nSSU + RPB1 + RPB2 gene regions. Phellodon caesius is characterized by its dark bluish-grey, dark grey to black grey pileus, ash grey to dark bluish-grey spines, and the presence of both simple septa and clamp connections on generative hyphae of stipe. Phellodon concentricus is characterized by its zonate pileal surface, dark grey context in pileus, and spongy basidiomata. Phellodon henanensis is characterized by its ash grey, light vinaceous grey to light brown pileal surface, thin context in pileus, and the presence of both simple septa and clamp connections on generative hyphae of spines. Phellodon subgriseofuscus is characterized by its fuscous to black pileal surface, white to light brown spines, and vinaceous grey context. Illustrated descriptions and the ecological habits of the novel species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phylogenetic analyses of Phellodon from China were carried out based on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), combined with morphological characters of the collected specimens in China. The fruiting bodies of the specimens were used to observe their characteristics, and three new species of Phellodon are discovered. Phellodon crassipileatus is characterized by its pale brown to dark brown pileal surface, tomentose pileal margin, white spines, and the presence of clamp connections in generative hyphae of pileal surface, context, and stipe. Phellodon griseofuscus is characterized by its dark brown to black pileal surface, white to pale brown pileal margin, the presence of both simple septa and clamp connections in generative hyphae of spines, and moderately long basidia. Phellodon perchocolatus is characterized by its woody and broad pileus, brown to greyish brown pileal surface when fresh, tomentose pileal margin when young, which becomes glabrous with age, and the presence of both simple septa and clamp connections in the generative hyphae of the spines. This is the first time both single and multi-genes analysis is used in such a phylogenetic and taxonomic study on Phellodon, which can provide the basis for the phylogenetic study of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nav1.5 is the pore forming α-subunit of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel that initiates cardiac action potential and regulates the human heartbeat. A normal level of Nav1.5 is crucial to cardiac function and health. Over- or under-expression of Nav1.5 can cause various cardiac diseases ranging from short PR intervals to Brugada syndromes. An assay that can directly quantify the protein amount in biological samples would be a priori to accurately diagnose and treat Nav1.5-associated cardiac diseases. Due to its large size (>200 KD), multipass transmembrane domains (24 transmembrane passes), and heavy modifications, Nav1.5 poses special quantitation challenges. To date, only the relative quantities of this protein have been measured in biological samples. Here, we describe the first targeted and mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative assay that can provide the copy numbers of Nav1.5 in cells with a well-defined lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and precision. Applying the developed assay, we successfully quantified transiently expressed Nav1.5 in as few as 1.5 million Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The obtained quantity was 3 ± 2 fmol on the column and 3 ± 2 × 104 copies/cell. To our knowledge, this is the first absolute quantity of Nav1.5 measured in a biological sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe organ that damages the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cyclophosphamide is one of the main drugs used in the treatment of LN. Fish oil is a general term of all the oily substances in fish, whose main component is omega-3 fatty acid. This study aimed to investigate whether fish oil could be used as an adjunct to low-dose cyclophosphamide in proliferative LN treatment. Methods: A total of 237 patients with proliferative LN were recruited and randomized into two groups: cyclophosphamide + placebo group and cyclophosphamide + fish oil group. In the cyclophosphamide + placebo group, participants received prednisone + cyclophosphamide + placebo. In the cyclophosphamide + fish oil group, participants received prednisone + cyclophosphamide + fish oil. Before and after treatment, the clinical parameters of the patients in both groups were evaluated. Results: In the cyclophosphamide + fish oil group, the number of patients achieving complete remission (n = 45, 46.9%) was significantly higher than the cyclophosphamide + placebo group (n = 31, 32.6%). The number of patients achieving no response in the cyclophosphamide + fish oil group (n = 8, 8.3%) was significantly lower than the cyclophosphamide + placebo group (n = 22, 23.2%). Hematuria (P = 0.036), urine protein-creatinine ratio (uPCR) (P = 0.014), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 0.027), and renal SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (P = 0.009) improved more significantly in the cyclophosphamide + fish oil group. The number of patients with infection (P = 0.04) or urinary tract infection (P = 0.04) in the cyclophosphamide + fish oil group was lower than the cyclophosphamide + placebo group. Conclusion: In conclusion, the treatment of fish oil in LN patients enhances the efficiency of cyclophosphamide, alleviates nephritis-related parameters, and inhibits infection and urinary tract infection during the treatment. Thus, fish oil may serve as a potential adjuvant drug in the treatment of LN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Supplementation of fish oil has been shown to exert beneficial effects in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of fish oil in improving the quality of life of these patients through a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. Methods: Among the 103 patients enrolled in the study, a total of 74 patients were randomized to receive fish oil (intervention group) or placebo (n=37 per group). Patients received identical soft-gel capsules, with each capsule containing either 1000 mg fish oil or placebo for 4 months. Personnel responsible for data collection and analyses were blinded to the grouping. Results: The reduction of protein-energy wasting (PEW) in the intervention group was significantly more prominent compared to the placebo group (P=0.023). The intervention group demonstrated significant increase in midarm circumference, arm muscle circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness after fish oil intake. The intervention group also exhibited significant differences from the placebo group in creatinine, uric acid, and serum calcium levels. Significant improvement was seen regarding the physical role and energy/figure in the intervention group. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that fish oil intake in patient undergoing hemodialysis can significantly reduce PEW, and improve physical and biochemical parameters and quality of life, which could provide guidance to clinical management of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decades, smart tactile sensing systems based on different sensing techniques have been developed due to their high potential in industry and biomedical engineering. However, smart tactile sensing technologies and systems are still in their infancy, as many technological and system issues remain unresolved and require strong interdisciplinary efforts to address them. This paper provides an overview of smart tactile sensing systems, with a focus on signal processing technologies used to interpret the measured information from tactile sensors and/or sensors for other sensory modalities. The tactile sensing transduction and principles, fabrication and structures are also discussed with their merits and demerits. Finally, the challenges that tactile sensing technology needs to overcome are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to reveal the molecular characteristics induced by radiotherapy in rectal cancer at the transcriptome level. Microarray data (ID, GSE26027) downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were re-analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between rectal cancer tissues during and prior to radiotherapy. The DEGs were then inputted into the database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery, an online tool to perform enrichment analyses, and into the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins database to identify protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Subsequently, a PPI network was constructed, which was screened for densely connected modules. Furthermore, protein domain enrichment analysis was performed. In total, 690 DEGs, including 179 upregulated and 511 downregulated DEGs, were found in rectal cancer tissues during and prior to radiotherapy. The upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 'positive regulation of transport' and 'regulation of cardiac muscle contraction', while the downregulated DEGs were most markedly enriched in 'cell migration', 'cell-cell signaling', 'extracellular matrix organization' and 'blood vessel development', including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, transforming growth factor β-induced, 68 kDa endothelin receptor type A, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1, and serpin family E member 1, which were the top 6 hub nodes in the PPI network. Furthermore, 2 protein domains were significantly enriched by PPI modules, including: The collagen triple helix repeat (CTHR) family members collagen type (COL) 5A2, COL9A3, COL6A3, COL21A1, COL5A3, COL11A1, COL7A1 and CTHR-containing-1; and the olfactory receptor family (OR) members OR7E24, OR7A17, OR6A2, OR1F1, OR10H3 and OR7A10. A total of 7 upregulated DEGs were characterized as tumor suppressor genes, and 8 downregulated DEGs were characterized as oncogenes. The biological processes or protein domains enriched by upregulated or downregulated DEGs may improve the understanding of molecular characteristics in response to radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tiaozi 条子, or reinforcing strips, are traditionally used to protect and support the cracked or torn areas often seen in rolled Chinese hanging scrolls. They are usually adhered to the verso after a first new lining has been applied or as a repair to the burnished back of a scroll. However, this traditional method can also create as many problems as it solves, especially when it is used to reinforce old weak acidic paper. This article discusses the possible reasons for this and examines an alternative method for the tiaozi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactococcus lactis is a key strain in the production of branched-chain aldehydes that contribute to the nutty flavor in cheese. It has been hypothesized that the conversion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) into branched-chain aldehydes is under the regulation of a global transcriptional regulator, CodY; however, the functions remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effect of CodY on the key genes for the BCAAs conversion into branched-chain aldehydes in L. lactis, namely branched-chain aminotransferase (encoded by bcaT) a-keto acid decarboxylase (encoded by kdcA) and a-keto acid dehydrogenase (encoded by pdhABCD). The deletion of codY was associated with a significant increase in the production of 3-methylbutanal and 2-methylbutanal, indicating the inhibitory effect of CodY on the BCAAs conversion into branched-chain aldehydes. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated the negative regulatory effect of CodY on bcaT and kdcA, whereas pdhABCD was activated by CodY. Potential CodY binding sites in the promoter regions of bcaT, kdcA, and pdhABCD were predicted, and four CodY-boxes within the regulatory regions were verified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting assay. The sites located within the promoter of bcaT and kdcA led to repression by CodY. When one site was located upstream and the other was located within the promoter of pdhABCD, the ultimate effect was activation. Overall, the study revealed that CodY, together with isoleucine, acts as a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator of the conversion of BCAAs into branched-chain aldehydes in L. lactis via binding to various regulatory regions of key genes. IMPORTANCE Branched-chain aldehydes are the primary compounds that contribute to the nutty flavor in cheddar cheese. Lactococcus lactis, which is often applied as primary starter culture, is a significant contributor to the nutty flavor of cheddar cheese due to its ability of conversion of BCAAs into branched-chain aldehydes. In the present study, we found that the regulatory role of CodY is crucial for the conversion. CodY acts as a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator via binding to various regulatory regions of key genes. The results presented valuable knowledge into the role of CodY on the regulation and biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids and the related aldehydes. Furthermore, it provided new insight for increasing the nutty flavor produced during the manufacture and ripening of cheese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • With the TU additive, the Zn-S battery shows excellent cycle performance. • TU− can accelerate the crack of Zn-S bonds to improve the conversion from ZnS to S. • ZnS reacts with Met+ much faster than H 2 O, inhibiting the formation of SO 4 2−. Aqueous zinc-sulfur (Zn-S) battery has attracted much attention due to the ultrahigh theoretical capacity of S (1675 mA h g−1). Nevertheless, its lifespan is far from satisfactory owing to the sluggish reaction kinetics for ZnS conversion to S, and the formation of irreversible by-product of SO 4 2− during charging. Herein, a novel bifunctional electrolyte additive thiourea (TU) was introduced to solve the above problems. It has been found that TU can undergo reversible redox reactions during cycles, which not only enhances the reversibility between ZnS and S but also contributes to extra capacities. Based on the ex-situ FTIR and XPS characterization, in combination with the electrochemical performance of thiourea and its derivatives, the influential mechanism of TU on the S@KB electrode was proposed. Its negative centers and positive centers of the intermediates can interact with ZnS to weaken the Zn-S bonds to improve the electrochemical dynamics. Simultaneously, the carbonium ions in the intermediate of TU show strong reactivity to ZnS so that the formation of SO 4 2− can be inhibited. As a result, the S@KB electrode shows excellent cyclic performance with 763.7 mA h g−1 capacity after 300 cycles at 5 A/g, corresponding to a low decay rate of only 0.11 % per cycle. This work provides a promising electrolyte additive and an effective strategy to improve the reaction kinetics and cycle stability of Zn-S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea cucumber is a commercially important marine organism in China. Of the different colored varieties sold in China, albino sea cucumber has the greatest appeal among consumers. Identification of factors contributing to albinism in sea cucumber is therefore likely to provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of these strains. In this study, two-dimensional liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling was used for the first time to quantitatively define the proteome of sea cucumbers and reveal proteomic characteristics unique to albino sea cucumbers. A total of 549 proteins were identified and quantified in albino sea cucumber and the functional annotations of 485 proteins have been exhibited based on COG database. Compared with green sea cucumber, 12 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in the intestine and 16 proteins in the body wall of albino sea cucumber. Among them, 5 proteins were up-regulated in the intestine and 8 proteins were down-regulated in body wall. Gene ontology annotations of these differentially expressed proteins consisted mostly of ‘biological process’. The large number of differentially expressed proteins identified here should be highly useful in further elucidating the mechanisms underlying albinism in sea cucumber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The elastic, phonon and thermodynamic properties of the divalent alkaline-earth hexaboride SrB6 are investigated by using plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory method. The calculated structure parameters and bulk modulus are well consistent with the available experiment and theoretical data. The pressure dependences of elastic constants C ij , bulk modulus B 0, shear modulus G, Young''s modulus E and Poisson''s ratio σ are also presented. With these elastic parameters, we investigate the mechanical stability and compressibility of SrB6. For the thermodynamic properties, both phonon and quasi-harmonic Debye model methods are adopted. Through the comparison with experimental and other theoretical results, we found the method of quasi-harmonic Debye model is a little better. Moreover, the phonon dispersion relations are also obtained. It is found that there are two LO/TO splitting around 5THz and 26THz, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The elastic and electronic structure properties of YNi2B2C under pressure are investigated by performing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA) correction scheme in the frame of density functional theory (DFT). The pressure dependences of the normalized lattice parameters a/a 0 and c/c 0, the ratio c/a, and the normalized primitive volume V/V 0 of YNi2B2C are also obtained. The lattice constants and bulk modulus obtained are in agreement with the available experimental and other theoretical data. We have also studied the pressure dependences of elastic properties. It is found that, as pressure increases, the elastic constants C 11, C 33, C 66, C 12, and C 13 increase, the variation of elastic constant C 44 is not obvious. Moreover, our compressional and shear wave velocities V L =6.99km/s and V S =3.67km/s as well as the Debye temperature Θ=549.7K at 0GPa compare favorably with the available experimental data. The pressure dependences of band structures, energy gap and density of states are also investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract  A novel 3,4,7,8-tetrachloro-1,10-phenanthroline (Cl4phen) Zn(II) complex has been synthesized. The complex, [Zn(Cl4phen)2(H2O)2](NO3)2·CH3CH2OH (1), has been identified and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis and photoluminescence studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that complex (1) belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c, a = 10.061(2) Å, b = 18.924(4) Å, c = 18.189(4) Å, β = 100.94(3)°, and Z = 4. Complex (1) consists of cationic species [Zn(Cl4phen)2(H2O)2]2, NO3 − and CH3CH2OH. The zinc atom displays a distorted cis-N4O2 octahedral geometry. Via extended Zn–O–H···O–N–O···H–O–Zn bridge, every mononuclear unit is linked with other ones to form one-dimensional (1D) infinite chain of hydrogen bond system. Three-dimensional (3D) polymeric network arrangement was built via weak C–H···O and π-stacking interactions between Cl4phen moieties. A solvent-dependency effect of complex (1) was observed in spectroscopic properties. Graphical Abstract  Three-dimensional (3D) polymeric network arrangement was built via weak C–H···O and π-stacking interactions between Cl4phen moieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the electrical double layer (EDL) structure can enhance the cycling stability of Zn metal anodes, however, the effectiveness of this strategy is significantly limited by individual additives. Inspired by the high‐entropy (HE) concept, we developed a multicomponent (MC) EDL structure composed of La3+, Cl−, and BBI anions by adding dibenzenesulfonimide (BBI) and LaCl3 additives into ZnSO4 electrolytes (BBI/LaCl3/ZnSO4). Specifically, La3+ ions accumulate within EDL to shield the net charges on the Zn surface, allowing more BBI anions and Cl− ions to enter this region. Consequently, this unique MC EDL enables Zn anodes to simultaneously achieve uniform electric field, robust SEI layer, and balanced reaction kinetics. Moreover, the synergistic parameter – a novel descriptor for quantifying collaborative improvement – was first proposed to demonstrates the synergistic effect between BBI and LaCl3 additives. Benefitting from these advantages, Zn metal anodes achieved a high reversibility of 99.5 % at a depth of discharge (DoD) of 51.3 %, and Zn|MnO2 pouch cells exhibited a stable cycle life of 100 cycles at a low N/P ratio of 2.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the electrical double layer (EDL) structure can enhance the cycling stability of Zn metal anodes, however, the effectiveness of this strategy is significantly limited by individual additives. Inspired by the high‐entropy (HE) concept, we developed a multicomponent (MC) EDL structure composed of La3+, Cl−, and BBI anions by adding dibenzenesulfonimide (BBI) and LaCl3 additives into ZnSO4 electrolytes (BBI/LaCl3/ZnSO4). Specifically, La3+ ions accumulate within EDL to shield the net charges on the Zn surface, allowing more BBI anions and Cl− ions to enter this region. Consequently, this unique MC EDL enables Zn anodes to simultaneously achieve uniform electric field, robust SEI layer, and balanced reaction kinetics. Moreover, the synergistic parameter – a novel descriptor for quantifying collaborative improvement – was first proposed to demonstrates the synergistic effect between BBI and LaCl3 additives. Benefitting from these advantages, Zn metal anodes achieved a high reversibility of 99.5 % at a depth of discharge (DoD) of 51.3 %, and Zn|MnO2 pouch cells exhibited a stable cycle life of 100 cycles at a low N/P ratio of 2.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have previously shown the augmented levels of Giα-2 and Giα-3 proteins (isoforms of inhibitory guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (G-protein)), and not of Gsα, in the hearts and aortas of spontaneously and experimentally induced hypertensive rats. The increased expression of Giα and blood pressure was restored toward WKY levels by captopril treatment, suggesting a role for angiotensin (Ang) II in the enhanced expression of Giα protein and blood pressure. This study was undertaken to investigate whether 1 kidney 1 clip (1K-1C) hypertensive rats that exhibit enhanced levels of Ang II also express enhanced levels of Giα proteins. Aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats were used. The expression of G-proteins was determined at protein levels with immunoblotting techniques, using specific antibodies for different isoforms of G-proteins. The levels of Giα-2 and Giα-3 proteins were significantly higher in aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats than in control rats; Gsα levels were unchanged. The inhibitory effect of low concentrations of guanosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate (GTPγS) on forskolin (FSK)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity was significantly enhanced in aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats; the inhibitory effect of C-ANP4–23, which specifically interacts with the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-C receptor, and Ang II on AC was attenuated. GTPγS, isoproterenol, glucagon, NaF, and FSK stimulated the AC activity in aortas from control and hypertensive rats to varying degrees; however, the stimulations were significantly lower in hypertensive rats than in control rats. These data suggest that aortas from 1K-1C hypertensive rats exhibit enhanced expression of Giα proteins and associated functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional network of lanthanide (III) complexes with isophthalato (IPT) ligand, (Eu[C 6 H 4 (COO - ) 2 -1,3](CH 3 COO - )(H 2 O) 2 }·H 2 O 1 and {Sm[C 6 H 4 (COO - ) 2 -1,3](CH 3 COO - ) (H 2 O) 2 } H 2 O 2 , has been prepared by the hydro(solvo)thermal reaction of Eu(C1O 4 ) 3 ·6H 2 O or Sm(C1O 4 ) 3 ·6H 2 O, 1,3-dicyanobenzene and acetic acid in the presence of ethanol and H 2 O. In the reaction, 1,3-dicyanobenzene was hydrolyzed to give IPT ligand. Single crystal x-ray analysis revealed that crystals 1 and 2 are isomorphous with the isostructural {M[C 6 H 4 (COO - ) 2 -1,3](CH 3 COO - )(H 2 O) 2 }·H 2 O unit. In 1 and 2 , IPT acts as a bridging ligand to connect three adjacent metal atoms, forming a network like an undulating sheet paralleling the bc plane. The carboxylate from acetate bridges two adjacent metal atoms in a tridentate mode between the different sheets to extend the structure into a three-dimensional network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable strain sensors promote various emerging intelligent fields. Compared with the planar strain sensors, fibrous strain sensors are highly desirable for practical applications because they are favour of conformably attaching onto uneven surfaces and integrating into regular fabrics. Herein, inspired by the growth ring of tree, a highly stretchable silver nanowire/polydimethylsiloxane based fibrous strain sensor with spiral structure was innovatively prepared by cost-efficient coating plus rolling up technique. This unique spiral structure endowed the fibrous strain sensor with wide sensing range of 100% strain, outstanding linearity, gauge factor of 3.0, negligible hysteresis, and excellent reliability. Thanks to these superior characteristics, our sensor can not only accurately detect human movements when being attached to joints directly or woven in a cotton glove but also control the brightness of bulb when being connected into a circuit, showing great potential for wearable sensing electronics and next-generation circuit control elements. This work paves a promising way for the development of high-performance fibrous strain sensor. [Display omitted] • A stretchable AgNW/PDMS based fibrous strain sensor with growth ring-like spiral structure was prepared. • The sensor possesses wide sensing range, outstanding linearity, negligible hysteresis, and excellent durability. • The sensor can accurately detect human movements when being attached to joints directly or woven in a cotton glove. • The sensor can serve as a next-generation circuit control element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of segregated structure in conductive polymer composites reveals great superiority in gaining improved electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Nevertheless, the restricted processing method and seriously deteriorated mechanical properties hamper the practical applications of such segregated composites. Herein, we demonstrate simultaneously improved EMI shielding and mechanical performance in a segregated carbon nanotube/polypropylene (CNT/PP) composite, via a facile and eco-friendly method composed by pre-coating, melt mixing, and injection molding. The segregated CNT/PP composite containing only 3.5 wt% CNT exhibits an average EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 32 dB, which shows 130% and 30% improvements in comparison to 14 dB for the CNT/PP composite prepared by conventionally injection molding and 25 dB for the CNT/PP composite prepared by compression molding. Our segregated CNT/PP composite also attains a high elongation at break (EB) of 78%, about 4 and 17 times higher than 16% for the conventionally injection molded one and 4% for the compression molded one, with comparable tensile strength and Young's modulus. This work provides a feasible approach to guide the scaled preparation of segregated composites with satisfactory EMI shielding and mechanical performance. Image 1 • An eco-friendly injection molding method was demonstrated to develop segregated CPC for EMI shielding. • An outstanding elongation at break was achieved. • Favorable expansibility and large-scale production capacity can be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An eco-friendly conductive ink was prepared for EMI shielding. • The electrical conductivity of the EMI shielding coating could reach 14,300 S cm−1. • An ultrahigh EMI SE of 74.5 dB was achieved for the EMI shielding coating. • The EMI shielding coating exhibited sufficient EMI shielding reliability. Conductive inks are applied widely in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding coating, but the heavy use of organic solvents may cause safety issues and environment pollution. We demonstrated the preparation of an eco-friendly conductive ink that is composed of silver flakes, waterborne polyurethane, and fluorocarbon surfactant (Capstone FS-30), with deionized water as solvent. The conductive ink can be drop-deposited easily on polyethylene terephthalate film to develop a highly efficient EMI shielding coating that achieves an ultrahigh EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 74.5 dB at only 10 μm thickness. The shielding coating exhibits sufficient flexibility to ensure an EMI SE retention up to 96%, even after 5000 bending–releasing cycles (bending radius of 2 mm), which reveals an excellent EMI shielding reliability. The shielding coating also possesses a mechanical fastness under ultrasonic treatment and a chemical durability to various organic solvents. These impressive characteristics make our conductive ink attractive for effective electromagnetic protection, especially in high integrated equipment and devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanosporus is a genus widely distributed in Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania. It grows on different angiosperm and gymnosperm trees and can cause brown rot of wood. Blue-tinted basidiomata of Cyanosporus makes it easy to distinguish from other genera, but the similar morphological characters make it difficult to identify species within the genus. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Cyanosporus were carried out based on worldwide samples with an emphasis on Chinese collections, and the species diversity of the genus is updated. Four new species, C. flavus, C. rigidus, C. subungulatus and C. tenuicontextus, are described based on the evidence of morphological characters, distribution areas, host trees and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF). Our study expanded the number of Cyanosporus species to 35 around the world including 23 species from China. Detailed descriptions of the four new species and the geographical locations of the Cyanosporus species in China are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary thymol on growth, antioxidant status, liver health, immune response and disease resistance of snakehead fish (Channa argus) (initial weight, 11.86 ± 0.15 g). The fish were fed for 56 days with a basal diet supplemented with thymol at 0, 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 mg/kg, leading to six experimental diets. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and specific growth rate (SGR) were increased as dietary thymol level increased, arriving a summit value at 450 mg/kg dietary thymol level, and then, values of these indices started to decrease when dietary thymol level further rose, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) is the opposite state. Our results showed a significant increase (p <.05) in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in liver, spleen, head kidney and intestine with diets supplemented with 300 and 450 mg/kg thymol compared to the control and significantly decrease (p <.05) in the malondialdehyde (MDA) activity. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 300 and 450 mg/kg thymol significantly increased (p <.05) the serum acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM) activities and immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4) concentrations of C. argus compared to the control, and decreased (p <.05) the serum glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) activities. Moreover, the expression of HSP70, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐8 were down‐regulated in liver, head kidney and intestine by dietary supplementation with 300 and 450 mg/kg thymol, and the expression of IL‐10 and TGF‐β was up‐regulated. After challenge with Aeromonas veronii, survival rates in all thymol treatment groups were significantly increased (p <.05). Consequently, our results indicate that adequate dietary supplementation thymol can effectively enhance the growth, antioxidant status, immune response and disease resistance of C. argus, and the optimum dietary thymol requirement for maximum WG of C. argus was estimated to be 356 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of next-generation high-maneuverability aircraft requires new technologies for controlling asymmetric separated vortices at high angles of attack. Plasma flow control is an emerging type of active flow control technology that can be used to control asymmetric vortices over slender bodies by means of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators. However, some problems worthy of further study remain unsolved. For example, the stimulation strength is inadequate, the region of discharge is small, and the control mechanism is unclear. This paper proposes a double-side sliding pulsed discharge (DSPD) plasma actuator that combines a sinusoidal alternating current (AC) pulsed plasma actuator with two high-voltage direct current (DC) components. This actuator can generate two groups of unsymmetrical large-scale coherent vortex structures to balance the vorticity of the asymmetric vortices over the slender forebody of an aircraft and increase the distance between the cores of the asymmetric vortices, weakening the interaction between the vortices and hindering the emergence of the asymmetric phenomenon. Focusing on the key scientific issue of DSPD plasma actuation, the discharge morphologies and electrical properties under different DC conditions are studied, and the unsteady vortex structures induced by the DSPD plasma actuator under a static atmosphere are revealed through high-speed schlieren system and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. The flow control ability of the DSPD plasma actuator is verified through wind tunnel experiments, and the main rules governing its influence on the external flowfield are determined. It is speculated that this actuator will further improve the aerodynamic flow control of slender aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report novel low-cost and rapid fabrication technologies for the fabrication of movable polymer-based MEMS structures, electrically actuated. Using SU-8 photoresist as structural material, both ordinary and functionalized by conductive fillers (nano-Ag particles and carbon nanotubes), the novel fabrication methods provide simple processes, without the use of any sacrificial layer, for achieving suspended structures (beams and membranes) through either binary or gray-scale photolithography. Experimental validation has demonstrated high yields (over 99% for one of the process flows) in achieving electrostatically actuated microstructures with resonant frequencies in the 0.5–0.8 MHz range, with a stable dynamic behavior tested for a period longer than three months. The technology also confirms that ‘doping’ SU-8 with conductive fillers can preserve its photo-patterning capabilities, while modifying other physical properties (electrical conductivity). As the patterning of SU-8 films can take place on either rigid or flexible substrates, this low-cost technology promises a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was aimed to add 0, 50, or 100 mg/kg of astaxanthin (AST) to the basal diet of Channa argus and determine the effects on hematology, antioxidant and immunological parameters, immune-related genes expression, and disease resistance. Adding 50 or 100 mg/kg AST significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) Hb content at 14, 21, and 28 days and also the levels of Ht and RBC at 21 and 28 days. Supplementing 50 or 100 mg/kg of AST for 21 and 28 days significantly increased (P < 0.05) the level of serum antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) or decreased (P < 0.05) serum MDA content. The level of serum lysozyme significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) at 28 days and also IgM and C3 at 21 days in 100 mg/kg AST treatment and at 28 days in 50 or 100 mg/kg AST treatment. Meanwhile, 50 and 100 mg/kg AST treatment significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) the expression of HSP70, HSP90, IκB-α, and GR or downregulated NF-κB p65 and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8) transcription at 21 and 28 days. Fish fed 50 and 100 mg/kg AST enhanced (P < 0.05) disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila (survival rate 51.0% and 58.0%, respectively). The present results suggested that AST enhanced hematology and serum antioxidant and immune response, regulated immune-related gene expression, and increased disease resistance against A. hydrophila in C. argus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-inhabiting fungi are abundant in China, but their distribution is uneven, with more fungi in southwest China and fewer fungi in northwest China. During the investigation of wood-inhabiting fungi in Xinjiang, we collected a large number of specimens. Eight specimens growing on Picea schrenkiana were collected from Tianshan Mountains, and they were described as two new species in Ceriporiopsis and Sidera based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. Ceriporiopsis tianshanensis is characterized by a cream to salmon-buff pore surface, larger pores measuring 1-3 per mm, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores 5-6.5 × 3-4 µm. Sidera tianshanensis is characterized by annual to perennial basidiocarps, measuring 15 mm thick, pores 5-7 per mm, cream to rosy buff pore surface, and allantoid basidiospores 3-3.5 × 1-1.4 µm. Detailed illustrations and descriptions of the novel species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)‐forming additives strategy is of great significance for improving the cycle stability of zinc (Zn) anodes. Although various additives have been reported, the relationship between their molecular structures and SEI chemistries is poorly understood. Herein, a molecular design principle for sulfonamide‐containing additives that endow Zn anodes with a robust SEI layer is proposed. The incorporation of the benzene ring and amino group (−NH2) leads to high adsorption energy, low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and a small highest occupied molecular orbital‐LUMO (HOMO‐LUMO) gap, facilitating the reduction process of sulfanilamide (SA) additives. Coupled with SA/ZnSO4 electrolytes, Zn|Zn symmetric cells deliver an ultralong cycle life of 4800 h (200 days) at 2 mA cm−2 and 2 mAh cm−2. Additionally, a high cumulative plated capacity (CPC) of 6000 mAh cm−2 and 2700 mAh cm−2 is also achieved at a capacity per cycle of 10 mAh cm−2 and 30 mAh cm−2, respectively. More importantly, the versatility of SA additives is also demonstrated in Zn‐V2O5, Zn‐I2, and Zn‐MnO2 full cells at a low N/P ratio (the theoretical capacity ratio between the negative and positive electrode) of 5.3, 8.3, and 4.5, respectively. This molecular structure strategy provides a promising path to develop effective SEI‐forming additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer is a leading human malignancy worldwide. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is an oncogenic transcription factor commonly hyperactivated in most human cancers, including bladder cancer. Notably, preclinical evidence has validated STAT3 blockade as a promising therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer. Hispolon Methyl Ether (HME) is a structural analog of hispolon, an anticancer component of the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus. Thus far, HME's anticancer activity and mechanisms remain largely unknown. We herein report HME was cytotoxic, more potent than cisplatin, and proapoptotic to various human bladder transitional carcinoma cell lines. Of note, HME blocked STAT3 activation, evidenced by HME-elicited reduction in tyrosine 705-phosphorylated STAT3 levels constitutively expressed or induced by interleukin-6. Significantly, HME-induced cytotoxicity was abrogated in cells expressing a dominant-active STAT3 mutant (STAT3-C), confirming STAT3 blockage as a pivotal mechanism of HME's cytotoxic action. We further revealed that survivin was downregulated by HME, while its levels were rescued in STAT3-C-expressing cells. Moreover, survivin overexpression abolished HME-induced cytotoxicity, illustrating survivin as a central downstream mediator of STAT3 targeted by HME. Lastly, HME was shown to lower tyrosine 416-phosphorylated SRC levels, suggesting that HME inhibits STAT3 by repressing the activation of SRC, a STAT3 upstream kinase. In conclusion, we present the first evidence of HME's anti-bladder cancer effect, likely proceeding by evoking apoptosis through suppression of the antiapoptotic SRC/STAT3/survivin signaling axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) is significantly impeded by the poor cycle stability of Zn anodes due to the uncontrolled dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, for the first time, SeO2 additives are introduced into ZnSO4 electrolyte to enhance the stability of the Zn anode. According to the experimental results, the protective ZnSe layer is initially in‐situ formed on the Zn surface prior to the Zn plating, which acts as a shield for inhibiting the parasitic reactions and dendrite formation. Moreover, this additive strategy yields the unique characteristic of self‐healing for recovering the cracks in the consequence of huge volume change, ensuring the durability of ZnSe layer. Consequently, Zn|Zn symmetric cell using SeO2 additive delivers an enhanced cumulative plated capacity of 2.1 Ah cm−2 under practical test conditions, which far exceeds the previously reported works. Meanwhile, the average CE of 99.6% for 250 cycles is also demonstrated in Zn|Cu half cells with the presence of the SeO2 additive. In addition, the positive effect of the SeO2 additive is further illustrated in the Zn‐MnO2 full cells with a limited Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trametopsis is a worldwide genus belonging to Irpicaceae in the phlebioid clade, which can cause a white decay of wood. Previously, only three species were ascribed to the genus. In this study, we performed a morphological and phylogenetic study of Trametopsis. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of multiple loci included the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1). Phylogenetic trees were inferred from the combined datasets of ITS+nLSU sequences and ITS+nLSU+RPB1+RPB2+TEF1 sequences by using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Combined with molecular data, morphological characters and ecological traits, two new species of Trametopsis are discovered. Trametopsis abieticola is characterised by its pileate, solitary or imbricate basidiomata, buff to buff-yellow pileal surface when fresh, becoming pinkish buff to clay-buff when dry, cream to buff pore surface when fresh, becoming pinkish buff to greyish brown upon drying, round to angular and large pores (0.5–1 per mm), cylindrical basidiospores (5.8–7.2 × 1.9–2.6 μm), distributed in the high altitude of mountains and grows on Abies sp. Trametopsis tasmanica is characterised by its resupinate basidiomata, cream to pinkish-buff pore surface when fresh, becoming honey-yellow to snuff brown upon drying, cylindrical basidiospores (5.2–6.3 × 1.8–2.2 μm), and by growing on Eucalyptus sp. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the two novel species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effects of dietary Astragalus Propinquus schischkin polysaccharides on growth, immune responses, antioxidants responses and inflammation-related genes expression in Channa argus. Channa argus were randomly divided into 5 groups and fed 5 levels diets of A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides (0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) for 56 days. The results showed, dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides addition can increase the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, decrease the feed conversion ratio of Channa argus. And dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides supplementation can increase the levels of serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, lysozyme, complement 3, complement 4, immunoglobulin M and alkaline phosphatase, decrease the levels of serum malondialdehyde, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase. Furthermore, dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides can decrease the gene expression levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-, tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB, increase the gene expression levels of glucocorticoid receptor in liver, spleen, kidney, intestine. To sum up, dietary A. propinquus schischkin polysaccharides can accelerate growth, enhance immune responses and antioxidants responses, regulate inflammation-related genes expression in Channa argus and the optimum amount is 1000 mg/kg. [Display omitted] • Astragalus Propinquus Schischkin polysaccharides accelerated growth in Channa argus. • Astragalus Propinquus Schischkin polysaccharides improved antioxidant and immune response in Channa argus. • Astragalus Propinquus Schischkin polysaccharides regulated serum biochemistry in Channa argus. • Astragalus Propinquus Schischkin polysaccharides regulated inflammation-related gene expression in Channa argus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effects of dietary astaxanthin on the growth, blood biochemical, antioxidant, immune and inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide‐challenged Channa argus. A total of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of astaxanthin were added to the basal die for 56 days. After the feeding experiment, each group was subjected to a lipopolysaccharide challenge (except for the Control group). The results showed that adding astaxanthin to the diet can significantly increase the weight gain and specific growth rate and decrease the feed conversion ratio of C. argus; the highest weight gain, specific growth rate and minimum feed conversion ratio occurred in the 100 mg/kg group. Furthermore, dietary astaxanthin supplementation can alleviate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharides by increasing the levels of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, complement 3, complement 4, total serum protein, albumin, globulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and decrease the serum cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde. Dietary astaxanthin supplementation also can decrease the relative expression of inflammatory genes (nuclear factor κB, interleukin‐1, interleukin‐8 and tumour necrosis factor‐α) in the liver, spleen, kidney and intestine. To summarise, dietary astaxanthin addition can improve the growth performance and attenuate the negative effects of lipopolysaccharide challenge in C. argus. The optimal amount of astaxanthin is 100 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main cause of cancer-related deaths. It's reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) affects tumor development through secreting exosomes. This study aims to investigate the function of BMSCs-derived exosome miR-4461 in CRC. The results of qRT-PCR showed that miR-4461 expression in DLD1, HCT116 and SW480 CRC cells and CRC tissues was lower than that in FHC cells and normal tissues, respectively. And COPB2 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with miR-4461. Western blot was used to detect COPB2 protein expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results revealed that miR-4461 targeted COPB2. Transwell assay and CCK-8 assay demonstrated that COPB2 knockdown inhibited HCT116 and SW480 cells proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. Furthermore, BMSCs-derived exosome miR-4461 downregulated COPB2 expression and inhibited HCT116 and SW480 cells migration and invasion. The findings demonstrated that miR-4461 could be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. MiR-4461 derived from BMSCs exosomes inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by downregulating COPB2 expression in colorectal cancer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium fluorides were successfully synthesized by the reaction of silver fluoride with the corresponding imidazolium iodides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composites are inevitably damaged in the long-term usage which would affect the regular operation of the devices. Hence, the demand for materials with healable and reliable EMI shielding performance has increased. Here, a flexible conductive composite owning both self–healing and EMI shielding functions is facilely developed, with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive filler and dynamically crosslinked polyurethane bearing Diels–Alder bonds (PUDA) as polymer matrix. The PUDA/CNT composite shows a high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 30.7 dB at 5.0 wt% CNT loading in the range of X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). And the EMI SE can recover from 16.8 dB for damaged state to 29.8 dB after three times cut/healing cycles, revealing excellent EMI SE retention of 97.1%. The PUDA/CNT composite also exhibits healable tensile properties with an elongation at break up to 571% ± 31% at 2.0 wt% CNT content and self-healing efficiency of 89.2% after the repeatable healing. This work demonstrates a healable EMI shielding composite, which ensures the reliability and long-time use under harsh conditions. Image 1 • The flexible self–healing EMI shielding composite is facilely developed. • The composite exhibits excellent mechanical and EMI shielding properties. • The composite shows highly efficient self-healing performance based on the Diels-Alder bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrodeposition of zinc with thiourea derivatives as additives was investigated. The dynamic deposition and dissolution processes of zinc deposits were monitored in situ with synchrotron radiation X-ray imaging to reveal the inhibition role of additives on zinc dendrites. The real-time images show a large amount of zinc dendrites grow directly on the substrate surface in blank electrolyte. The microstructure of zinc deposits is sensitive to the molecular structure of additives. After adding thiourea derivatives, both the nucleation overpotential and the degree of polarization increase in the order of additive-free < thiourea (TU) < allylthiourea (ATU) < methylthiourea (MTU). TU can suppress partly the formation of zinc dendrites but the zinc deposits present a very loose structure. Both ATU and MTU can effectively inhibit the growth of zinc dendrites and get smooth deposits. Moreover, the anodic stripping of deposited zinc in the presence of MTU can proceed with a homogenous dissolution. These results will potentially benefit for the zinc-based rechargeable batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A thin SnF 2 layer is coated on the NZSP electrolyte surface via a powder polishing method for interfacial modification. • A mixed ionic/electronic conductive NaF@Na 15 Sn 4 layer is in situ generated at the Na|NZSP interface. • The NaF@Na 15 Sn 4 layer improves wettability, promotes interfacial Na+ transport and prevents the electron from attacking NZSP. • The NaF@Na 15 Sn 4 modified Na symmetric cell cycles stably more than 6000 h at 0.3 mA cm−2. The quest for high energy density, essentially safe, and cost-effective energy storing systems is powering the evolution of solid-state sodium metal batteries (SSSMBs). However, insufficient Na/solid-state electrolyte (SSE) interface contact leads to the formation of sodium dendrites, causing premature cell failure and safety issues that limit their practical application. Here, a novel ultra-stable mixed conductive layer (MCL) composed of Na 15 Sn 4 and NaF is introduced at the Na|Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 (NZSP) interface through in-situ interface chemistry. Such an MCL not only enables the transformation of the NZSP surface from sodiophobic to sodiophilic to achieve intimate contact with Na but also homogenizes the Na+ flux without dendritic sodium. Benefiting from the construction of the multifunctional interface, a high critical current density (CCD) of 1.3 mA cm−2 and an exceptionally long cycle life of 6000 h at 0.3 mA cm−2 are achieved for the Na|SnF 2 @NZSP|Na cell at room temperature (RT). Furthermore, the Na|SnF 2 @NZSP|Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 full cell shows excellent cycling performance (91 % of maintained capacity for over 500 cycles at 1 C) and rate capability (101.4 mAh/g at 5 C) at RT. This work presents a validated method for the coordinated regulation of interfacial transfer kinetics and inhibition of sodium dendrite growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic reactions in aqueous Zn metal batteries tend to be intensified along with the decrease of current density, deteriorating the cycling stability of Zn anodes, which unfortunately have been overlooked in previous studies. Herein, an organic solvent N-Methylacetamide (NMA) is introduced into ZnSO 4 electrolyte for improving the reversibility of Zn anodes. Combined with theoretical and experimental investigations, it is uncovered that NMA additives are capable of entering not only the pristine Zn2+ solvation structure ([Zn(H 2 O) x ]2+) but also the electrical double layer structure, reducing active H 2 O molecule proportions and thus suppressing the corrosion reactions. Meanwhile, nucleation and growth processes are also constrained with NMA additive for its strong coordination with Zn2+, inducing dendrite-free Zn depositions. Consequently, an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 98.5% for 600 cycles in Zn|Cu half-cells with NMA/ZnSO 4 electrolyte is obtained at an ultralow current density of 0.3 mA cm−2. Moreover, Zn|Zn symmetric cells utilizing 20 vol% NMA additive exhibit stable cycle lifespan of 1000 h. Benefitting from the enhanced reversibility of Zn anodes in NMA/ZnSO 4 electrolytes, full-cells assembled with carbon cloth as cathodes deliver high performance of 5200 cycles at the current density of 64 mA g−1 with 10 μm thin Zn anodes, favoring the practical applications. [Display omitted] • The reversibility of Zn anodes is proved to be declined with the decrease of current densities. • NMA is introduced into ZnSO 4 electrolyte for reversible Zn metal anodes at ultralow current densities. • NMA can substitute partial H 2 O molecules in both the Zn2+ solvation structure and the EDL structure. • Parasitic reactions and dendrites were suppressed and highly reversible Zn plating/stripping behavior was realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clay is an active component in the mechanical composition of soil. The quantitative study of the spatial distribution of soil clay content is crucial to soil microecological research and agricultural or environmental management. The main purpose of the paper was to simulate soil clay content in three dimensions and reveal its response to sampling density based on sequential Gaussian simulation. The results showed the following: (1) With a reduction in samples, especially in the A horizon, spatial correlation was relatively enhanced and randomness weakened. (2) The spatial distribution of soil clay showed soil had high clay content in the mid-eastern region of the Haidian District, Beijing, and clay content was generally low in the other areas; (3) With a decrease of sampling density, the simulated spatial distribution of clay became gradually more homogeneous. The stochastic simulation results for two kinds of sampling densities, i.e., SD 1 and SD 4 were closer to the original measured values; the general distribution was discrete and could more accurately reflect the local volatility of the original data distribution; (4) Considering the root mean square error (RMSE), accurate plot, standard error map, and quartile deviation map, SD 1 had the best effect of three-dimensional stochastic simulation, followed by SD 4 ; (5) For soil clay, three-dimensional sampling can be applicable to reduce samples required in the lower horizon in order to reduce the sampling workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MWCNTs-NH 2 enables γ-MnO 2 to obtain superior rate performance (164.3 mAh g −1 at 3.0 a g −1) and excellent cycling stability over 3500 cycles. • Aqueous Zn-MnO 2 batteries with reversible co-insertion and dissolution-deposition mechanism are achieved by MWCNTs-NH 2. • MWCNTs-NH 2 can participate in the storage of Zn2+/ H + to increase the discharge capacity. • The enhanced deposition process of Mn2+ is demonstrated important for stable cycling of Zn-MnO 2 batteries. With suitable operating voltage and high capacity, manganese dioxide (MnO 2) shows great potential for the cathode of aqueous zinc ion batteries. However, its cycling stability is severely limited by the unstable host structure and inevitable dissolution of Mn2+. Herein, the amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH 2) are introduced to construct the MWCNTs-NH 2 /γ-MnO 2 nanocomposite (NCM) to significantly stimulate the cyclic stability of γ-MnO 2. On the one hand, MWCNTs-NH 2 can give impetus for stable integral structure and good overall electrical conductivity to γ-MnO 2 through homogeneous three-dimensional mechanical and conductive networks. On the other hand, the amino groups of MWCNTs-NH 2 can participate in the storage of Zn2+/H+ and, most importantly, boost the deposition of Mn2+ ions from the electrolyte to the cathode to inhibit the loss of active substance in the long-term cycle. Driven by these advantageous effects, the NCM cathode exhibits an ultra-high capacity of 417.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a long cycling life over 3500 cycles at 3.0 A g−1 with 91.4% capacity retention. This study reveals the importance of promoting Mn2+ deposition in Zn-MnO 2 batteries and presents an effective strategy for achieving stable cycling of MnO 2 cathodes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acetyl-CoA is not only an important intermediate metabolite for cells but also a significant precursor for production of industrially interesting metabolites. Methylobacterium extorquens AM1, a model strain of methylotrophic cell factories using methanol as carbon source, is of interest because it produces abundant coenzyme A compounds capable of directing to synthesis of different useful compounds from methanol. However, acetyl-CoA is not always efficiently accumulated in M. extorquens AM1, as it is located in the center of three cyclic central metabolic pathways. Here we successfully demonstrated a strategy for sensor-assisted transcriptional regulator engineering (SATRE) to control metabolic flux re-distribution to increase acetyl-CoA flux from methanol for mevalonate production in M. extorquens AM1 with introduction of mevalonate synthesis pathway. A mevalonate biosensor was constructed and we succeeded in isolating a mutated strain (Q49) with a 60% increase in mevalonate concentration (an acetyl-CoA–derived product) following sensor-based high-throughput screening of a QscR transcriptional regulator library. The mutated QscR-49 regulator (Q8*,T61S,N72Y,E160V) lost an N-terminal α-helix and underwent a change in the secondary structure of the RD-I domain at the C terminus, two regions that are related to its interaction with DNA. 13 C labeling analysis revealed that acetyl-CoA flux was improved by 7% and transcriptional analysis revealed that QscR had global effects and that two key points, NADPH generation and fumC overexpression, might contribute to the carbon flux re-distribution. A fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor for QscR-49 mutant yielded a mevalonate concentration of 2.67 g/L, which was equivalent to an overall yield of 0.055 mol acetyl-CoA/mol methanol, the highest yield among engineered strains of M. extorquens AM1. This work was the first attempt to regulate M. extorquens AM1 on transcriptional level and provided molecular insights into the mechanism of carbon flux regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal serrated lesions associated with invasive carcinoma and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm (HIN), as well as to determine the immunohistochemical expression of MutL homolog 1 (MLH1), MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), K-ras and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). A total of 5,347 cases diagnosed with colorectal polyp or adenoma were included in this study from October 2002 to September 2009. A total of 16 cases of colorectal serrated lesions associated with invasive carcinoma/HIN were screened. These comprised seven cases of traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) associated with invasive carcinoma and HIN, six cases of sessile serrated adenoma (SSA) associated with invasive carcinoma/HIN and three cases of hyperplastic polyp (HP) associated with invasive carcinoma/HIN. TSA associated with invasive carcinoma/HIN predominantly occurred in the rectum with a clearly serrated structure and ectopic crypts. High-grade dysplasia was observed in filiform TSA, which was more prone to carcinogenesis. SSA associated with invasive carcinoma/HIN mainly occurred in the ileocecal junction, with the SSA serrated glands closely located adjacent to the muscularis mucosa and the basal crypt expanded with inverted T- or L-shaped branches. HPs were observed in three cases in the cancer-adjacent tissues with invasive carcinoma, while a HP-SSA/TSA-carcinoma sequence was found in two cases. Immunohistochemistry showed that MGMT expression was significantly different in the serrated lesion tissues compared with that in cancer tissues (P=0.022), control cancer tissues (P=0.002) and normal colorectal epithelial tissues (P=0.003). TSA and SSA may progress to cancer or directly develop into invasive adenocarcinoma. Filiform TSA easily develops into HIN, followed by infiltration. HP may arise from the cancer-adjacent tissues of the invasive carcinoma, which are closely adjacent to the cancer tissues. Further research is needed to investigate the potential direct involvement of HP in carcinogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Efficient catalytic conversion of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), is achieved using acidic ionic liquids (ILs) as the catalysts and metal salts as co-catalysts in the solvent of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazo-lium acetate ([emim][Ac]). A series of acidic ILs has been synthesized and tested in conversion of MCC to HMF. The effect of reaction conditions, such as reaction time, temperature, catalyst dosage, metal salts, water dosage, Cu2+ concentration and various acidic ILs are investigated in detail. The results show that CuCl2 in 1-(4-sulfonic acid) butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate ([C4SO3Hmim][CH3SO3]), is found to be an efficient catalyst for catalytic conversion of MCC to HMF, and 69.7% yield of HMF is obtained. A mechanism to explain the high activity of CuCl2 in [C4SO3Hmim][CH3SO3] is proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this report first proposes that the Cu2+ and [C4SO3Hmim][CH3SO3] show better catalytic performance in catalytic conversion of MCC to HMF. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The elastic properties of the hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) structure rhenium (Re) and their behavior under pressure are investigated using the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The obtained high pressure elastic constants are well consistent with previous theoretical date, while large discrepancies are found between theory and the high pressure experiments. The calculated isothermal bulk modulus B 0 (376GPa for GGA and 389GPa for LDA) and its initial pressure derivative (4.52 for LDA and 4.58 for GGA) compare favorably with the experimental values. Moreover, it is found that the value of c/a, B/G, Poisson''s ratio, and B c /B a are virtually independent of pressure. We also performed calculation for phonon dispersions at high pressure. GGA in our calculation exhibits a same trend as the high pressure experimental curve. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]