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We report the first records of the family Heloridae in Honduras and Guatemala. We illustrate and report the presence of Helorus brethesi Oglobin, 1928 as the only species known from the Neotropics. We include habitus photographs and updated distributional patterns of the species across the Neotropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug reaction in hospitalized patients has an incidence rate of 2--3% and can affect any organ of the body, including the skin and its appendages. Each of the components of the nail apparatus can be affected, and the clinical manifestation to be observed will depend on the condition of each component. When it comes to the periungual folds, fixed drug eruptions, Stevens--Johnson syndrome, and Lyell's syndrome are the associated skin drug reactions. Periungual lesions can manifest themselves as a condition per se or arise from a drug reaction. Erythema, hemorrhage, necrosis, painful desquamation, edema, vesicles, and dyschromia are among the lesions that can develop. Other possible reactions include paronychia and the formation of pyogenic granulomas caused by drugs. Therefore, it is important to assess the periungual folds should any drug reaction occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finger and toe tips are an important part of the hands and feet, the nail apparatus sits on them, they have important functions that allow us to appreciate the shape, size, texture and temperature of an object; they are the main structure for the physical manipulation of the environment and are among the human body areas with higher nerve density; they are important for bipedestation and locomotion. The systemic affections that aim the finger and toe tips are little known, so it is important to get in depth with them. During the inspection of the patient, it is important to perform a thorough physical examination of the skin, including the tips of finger and toes, thus getting objective information to identify any anomaly such as purpuric lesions, vasculopathies, eruptive xanthomas, vascular spiders, cyanosis, among others. It is important to use this tool for the timely diagnosis of diseases associated with these injuries, thus improving the quality of life of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sporotrichosis is the most common sub cutaneous mycosis in our country and the lymphocutaneous type is the most frequent clinical presentation. Case report: a case of cutaneous fixed sporotrichosis has been reported in a woman of 46 years old with good response to itraconazole. Conclusion: the fixed cutaneous type is less well recognized. In this type, the lesions are restricted to the site of inoculation without any lymphatic spread. Important clues from the clinical history, such as travel and occupation, can help to raise the suspicion of this infection in the differential diagnosis. tissue culture are necessary to confirm the mycological diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community trends of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) in diverse populations may differ by race and sex.Methods: The ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) sampled heart failure-related hospitalizations (≥55 years of age) in 4 US communities from 2005 to 2014 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. ADHF hospitalizations were validated by standardized physician review and computer algorithm, yielding 40 173 events after accounting for sampling design (unweighted n=8746).Results: Of the ADHF hospitalizations, 50% had reduced ejection fraction, and 39% had preserved EF (HFpEF). HF with reduced ejection fraction was more common in black men and white men, whereas HFpEF was most common in white women. Average age-adjusted rates of ADHF were highest in blacks (38.1 per 1000 black men, 30.5 per 1000 black women), with rates differing by HF type and sex. ADHF rates increased over the 10 years (average annual percentage change: black women +4.3%, black men +3.7%, white women +1.9%, white men +2.6%), mostly reflecting more acute HFpEF. Age-adjusted 28-day and 1-year case fatality proportions were ≈10% and 30%, respectively, similar across race-sex groups and HF types. Only blacks showed decreased 1-year mortality over time (average annual percentage change: black women -5.4%, black men -4.6%), with rates differing by HF type (average annual percentage change: black women HFpEF -7.1%, black men HF with reduced ejection fraction -4.7%).Conclusions: Between 2005 and 2014, trends in ADHF hospitalizations increased in 4 US communities, primarily driven by acute HFpEF. Survival at 1 year was poor regardless of EF but improved over time for black women and black men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eponyms are used almost daily in the clinical practice of dermatology. And yet, information about the person behind the eponyms is difficult to find. Indeed, who is? What is this person's nationality? Is this person alive or dead? How can one find the paper in which this person first described the disease? Eponyms are used to describe not only disease, but also clinical signs, surgical procedures, staining techniques, pharmacological formulations, and even pieces of equipment. In this article we present the symptoms starting with (P) and other. The symptoms and their synonyms, and those who have described this symptom or phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented regarding the case study of a 45 years old female who has undergone physical examination due to contact dermatitis on left arm and her big and second toenails was diagnosed as pincer nails.

We report a cases of trichomicosys axillaris in a male patient 48 years old that was an incidental finding on dermatological examination for another dermatological consultation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) often require placement of lines and tubes for supportive therapy. The resulting altered anatomy can result in diagnostic errors when interpreting the location of support lines and tubes such as UVCs (umbilical venous catheters). Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CDH on UVC position and to evaluate the accuracy at which radiologists describe the position on chest radiographs. Materials and methods: During a 5-year period, 406 chest radiographs performed within 7 days of birth in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia were identified and reviewed for the following data: presence of UVC, location of catheter tip (cavoatrial junction, intracardiac, intrahepatic or umbilical vein), and location of CDH (right or left). The radiologic report of the UVC tip location for each case was then reviewed individually to determine the adequacy of interpretation. Inadequate reports were classified as incorrect (the wrong location of the catheter tip was reported), no mention (the location of the catheter tip was in a suboptimal location but not mentioned), and not specified (the precise location of the catheter tip was not clearly stated in the report when the tip was in a suboptimal location). Results: A total of 60 infants were identified as having CDH (56 on the left, 4 on the right). The most common location for an incorrectly placed UVC was the contralateral chest, accounting for 26.7% (16/60) of the infants, followed by an abdominal intrahepatic location (16.7%) and the umbilical vein (8.3%). Thirty percent (120/406) of the chest radiograph reports were found to be inadequate regarding the interpretation of the location of the catheter tip. The majority of the inadequate reports (48/406, 11.8%) did not specify when the catheter tip was in a suboptimal location. In 37 reports (9.1%), the location of the catheter tip was reported incorrectly, and no mention of the catheter location was made in 35 reports (8.6%). Conclusion: The location of an UVC in an infant with Bochdalek hernia can pose a diagnostic challenge because of the altered anatomy and change in the expected course of the catheter. Familiarity with the altered anatomy and vigilance of the various abnormal locations in which UVCs can be placed can help optimize management for the child and reduce morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 37-year-old male who was hospitalized due to four month history of feeling a mobile mass in his left abdomen. Multiple lipomas in the right kidney and multiple heterogeneous lipomas in the cortex and medulla in the left kidney were revealed in the computed tomography (CT). The patient was diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis associated with a renal angiomyolipoma.

Digital fibroma is a rare benign lesion that usually occurs during the first 2 years of life. It can be multiple, but it is usually a single lesion. If it grows large enough it can cause joint deformities or interfere with everyday activities. We report 3 cases of digital fibroma 2 in female patient and 1 in male patient due to its uncommon localization of fibromas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leishmaniasis is a chronic diseases classified, according the area affected, in cutaneous, visceral and mucous. It is produced by different species of intracell protozoans. This paper reports the case of a 59-year-old man with granulomatose skin leishmaniasis with leonine facies, patient was from the area of Peten, Guatemala, and had good response to glucantime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 35-year-old woman who experiences discoloration in thumbnail and slight pain in thumb. She was subjected to clinical examination and was diagnosed with dyschromia and onycholysis. Dermatoscopy reveals yellowish discoloration in her nail. Moreover, the article discusses onycholysis, a nail disease in which the nail detaches from the nail bed and is triggered by physical trauma and utilization of acrylic nails.

Most population-based estimates of incident hospitalized heart failure (HF) have not differentiated acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) from chronic stable HF nor included racially diverse populations. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study conducted surveillance of hospitalized HF events (age ‡55 years) in 4 US communities. We estimated hospitalized ADHF incidence and survival by race and gender. Potential 2005 to 2009 HF hospitalizations were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes; 6,168 records were reviewed to validate ADHF cases. Population estimates were derived from US Census data; 50% of eligible hospitalizations were classified as ADHF, of which 63.6% were incident ADHF and 36.4% were recurrent ADHF. The average incidence of hospitalized ADHF was 11.6 per 1,000 persons, aged ≤55 years, per year, and recurrent hospitalized ADHF was 6.6 per 1,000 persons/yr. Age-adjusted annual ADHF incidence was highest for black men (15.7 per 1,000), followed by black women (13.3 per 1,000), white men (12.3 per 1,000), and white women (9.9 per 1,000). Of incident ADHF events with heart function assessment (89%), 53% had reduced the ejection fraction (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction [HFrEF]) and 47% had preserved ejection fraction (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF]). Black men had the highest proportion of acute HFrEF events (70%); white women had the highest proportion of acute HFpEF (59%). Age-adjusted 28-day and 1-year case fatality after an incident ADHF was 10.4% and 29.5%, respectively. Survival did not differ by race or gender. In conclusion, ADHF hospitalization and HF type varied by both race and gender, but case fatality rates did not. Further studies are needed to explain why black men are at higher risk of hospitalized ADHF and HFrEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper report six cases of pediculosis, five with pediculosis capitis and one in pubis, in four female and two male patients 24 to 80 years old. Unfortunately pediculosis remains a parasitosis frequent in our countries due to the poor hygienic conditions and lack of education of our population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information regarding ungual dyschromia, an abnormality in the colors of the nails. It mentions that the accumulation of the pigment may cause by various factors including overproduction of melanin, haemosiderin and drugs. It states the difference of endogenous and exogenous ungual dyschromia depending on the discoloration and proximal nail folds. It discusses the types of leukonychia and melanonychia and provides photographs of various color of nails.

The surface of the nail plate can have a series of changes and alterations, some as part of the nail's growth process or associated to: skin diseases, systemic process, drug reactions, infections, trauma, and external factors. In this medley provides a major iconographic example of nail changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glomus tumors are rare benign vascular neoplasms, usually solitary. They show predilection for acral regions and are characterized by severe pain. Patients can go years undiagnosed, this is explained by the small size, variety in clinical presentation and not being a palpable lesion. Surgical excision is the most effective treatment and provides the opportunity to confirm the histopathological diagnosis, also an immediate relief of symptoms. We report the case of a 41-year-old patient with a glomus tumor on the first toe of his right foot, which was treated surgically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Histoplasmosis is a granulomatous infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a dimorphic fungus. It is distributed worldwide and prevalent in certain regions of North and Central America. Pulmonary involvement is the most common clinical presentation. Cutaneous manifestations are reported to occur in 10% to 25% of AIDS patients with disseminated histoplasmosis. The skin lesions are polymorphic papules, plaques with or without crusts, pustules, nodules, mucosal ulcers, erosions, punched out ulcers, lesions resembling molluscum contagiosum, acneiform eruptions, erythematosus papules and keratotic plaques, purpuric lesions, and localized and generalized vegetant forms of dermatitis, sometimes an eruption similar to rosacea, keratotic papules with transepidermal elimination, polymorphous erythema, erythroderma syndromes, pyoderma gangrenosum, panniculitis, diffuse hyperpigmentation, abscesses, and cellulitis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A 3-month-old boy with a history of an abdominopelvic neuroblastoma presented 1 week after tumor resection for a routine follow-up 123-I Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan to assess for residual mass. The study demonstrated abnormal radiotracer uptake in the right upper lobe, which correlated on the SPECT/CT to an area of airspace consolidation thought to be secondary to atelectasis. To the best of our knowledge, there is one published case of MIBG radiotracer uptake in the lung correlating with pneumonia; however, there are no reported cases to date in the literature of focal pulmonary MIBG uptake corresponding to atelectasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented which describes cases of pediculosis capitis with numerous amount of parasites in different stages of the disease and treatment with a single dose of Ivermectin.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in severe heart failure, but the effect of mild PH on posttransplantation PH and survival after heart transplantation has not been well described. Methods: This cohort study examined preoperative and postoperative hemodynamics in 172 heart transplant recipients at Johns Hopkins Hospital followed for up to 15.1 years. PH was defined as pulmonary vascular resistance ≥2.5 Wood units, as measured during routine right heat catheterization; mild to moderate PH was defined as PVR between 2.5 and 4.9 Wood units; and severe PH was defined as PVR ≥5.0 Wood units. Results: Seventy-one patients (41.3%) had PH, mostly of mild/moderate severity (77.5%), at the last routine hemodynamic monitoring before transplantation (median time before transplantation, 2.7 months). During follow-up, 105 patients (62.9%) developed PH at some point after transplantation, and 48 patients died (cumulative incidence, 76.5%). Mild/moderate preoperative PH was associated with increased risk of posttransplantation PH at 1, 3, and 6 months, but not with later episodes of PH. Mild/moderate preoperative PH was not associated with a higher mortality rate, but each 1 Wood unit increase in preoperative PVR demonstrated a trend toward increased mortality. Severe preoperative PH was associated with death within the first year after adjusting for potential confounders, but not with overall mortality or mortality at other time points. Conclusions: Mild to moderate preoperative PH is associated with increased risk of developing early but not late posttransplantation PH and may suggest different management strategies. Although PH was not consistently associated with mortality, increasing severity of the preoperative PH suggests potentially worse prognosis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Anger can trigger myocardial ischemia and may be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, but its effect on early compared with late onset of disease is unclear. Methods: We performed a prospective study of 1055 men followed up for 32 to 48 years to examine the risk of premature and total cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with anger responses to stress during early adult life. Highest level of anger was defined as a self-report of all 3 possible anger reactions to stress (expressed or concealed anger, gripe sessions, and irritability) on a checklist questionnaire administered in medical school. Premature disease was defined as events before age 55 years. Results: During a median follow-up period of 36 years, 205 men developed CVD (cumulative incidence at 76 years, 34.5%), of whom 77 men developed premature disease (cumulative incidence before 55 years, 7.9%). The highest level of anger was associated with an increased risk of premature CVD (adjusted relative risk, 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-8.6), including premature coronary heart disease (relative risk, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-11.8) and premature myocardial infarction (relative risk, 6.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.8-22.3), compared with lower levels of anger. When CVD events after age 55 years were included, there was no longer a statistically significant association between anger and CVD. Conclusion: High level of anger in response to stress in young men is associated with an increased risk of subsequent premature CVD, particularly myocardial infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Use of heart failure-exacerbating medications (HFEMs) may lead to preventable episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (HF). HFEMs use is common in patients with HF, and there may be opportunities to reduce their use from the emergency department (ED).We performed an observational study on patients with HF presenting to EDs within a healthcare system between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020. Patients with chronic HF were identified using diagnostic codes within the electronic health record. The cohort was restricted to ambulatory (i.e., discharged to home) ED encounters. Medications, either ordered in the ED or prescribed at ED discharge, were extracted from the medication administration record and identified as potential HFEMs based on the 2016 American Heart Association Scientific Statement. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the prevalence of HFEM use during ambulatory ED encounters. Exploratory analyses to identify correlates of HFEM use were performed.The study cohort included 23,907 ED encounters. ED administration or prescription of HFEMs occurred during 20% of ambulatory ED encounters. HFEM administration in the ED (17%) was more common than HFEM prescription at ED discharge (6%). The most common HFEMs administered in the ED included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (11%) and albuterol (7%).HFEM use is common in patients with HF seeking ED care, occurring in roughly one-fifth of ambulatory ED encounters. There may be opportunities to optimize medication use among patients with HF in the ED.Methods: Use of heart failure-exacerbating medications (HFEMs) may lead to preventable episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (HF). HFEMs use is common in patients with HF, and there may be opportunities to reduce their use from the emergency department (ED).We performed an observational study on patients with HF presenting to EDs within a healthcare system between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020. Patients with chronic HF were identified using diagnostic codes within the electronic health record. The cohort was restricted to ambulatory (i.e., discharged to home) ED encounters. Medications, either ordered in the ED or prescribed at ED discharge, were extracted from the medication administration record and identified as potential HFEMs based on the 2016 American Heart Association Scientific Statement. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the prevalence of HFEM use during ambulatory ED encounters. Exploratory analyses to identify correlates of HFEM use were performed.The study cohort included 23,907 ED encounters. ED administration or prescription of HFEMs occurred during 20% of ambulatory ED encounters. HFEM administration in the ED (17%) was more common than HFEM prescription at ED discharge (6%). The most common HFEMs administered in the ED included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (11%) and albuterol (7%).HFEM use is common in patients with HF seeking ED care, occurring in roughly one-fifth of ambulatory ED encounters. There may be opportunities to optimize medication use among patients with HF in the ED.Results: Use of heart failure-exacerbating medications (HFEMs) may lead to preventable episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (HF). HFEMs use is common in patients with HF, and there may be opportunities to reduce their use from the emergency department (ED).We performed an observational study on patients with HF presenting to EDs within a healthcare system between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020. Patients with chronic HF were identified using diagnostic codes within the electronic health record. The cohort was restricted to ambulatory (i.e., discharged to home) ED encounters. Medications, either ordered in the ED or prescribed at ED discharge, were extracted from the medication administration record and identified as potential HFEMs based on the 2016 American Heart Association Scientific Statement. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the prevalence of HFEM use during ambulatory ED encounters. Exploratory analyses to identify correlates of HFEM use were performed.The study cohort included 23,907 ED encounters. ED administration or prescription of HFEMs occurred during 20% of ambulatory ED encounters. HFEM administration in the ED (17%) was more common than HFEM prescription at ED discharge (6%). The most common HFEMs administered in the ED included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (11%) and albuterol (7%).HFEM use is common in patients with HF seeking ED care, occurring in roughly one-fifth of ambulatory ED encounters. There may be opportunities to optimize medication use among patients with HF in the ED.Conclusion: Use of heart failure-exacerbating medications (HFEMs) may lead to preventable episodes of acute decompensated heart failure (HF). HFEMs use is common in patients with HF, and there may be opportunities to reduce their use from the emergency department (ED).We performed an observational study on patients with HF presenting to EDs within a healthcare system between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2020. Patients with chronic HF were identified using diagnostic codes within the electronic health record. The cohort was restricted to ambulatory (i.e., discharged to home) ED encounters. Medications, either ordered in the ED or prescribed at ED discharge, were extracted from the medication administration record and identified as potential HFEMs based on the 2016 American Heart Association Scientific Statement. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the prevalence of HFEM use during ambulatory ED encounters. Exploratory analyses to identify correlates of HFEM use were performed.The study cohort included 23,907 ED encounters. ED administration or prescription of HFEMs occurred during 20% of ambulatory ED encounters. HFEM administration in the ED (17%) was more common than HFEM prescription at ED discharge (6%). The most common HFEMs administered in the ED included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (11%) and albuterol (7%).HFEM use is common in patients with HF seeking ED care, occurring in roughly one-fifth of ambulatory ED encounters. There may be opportunities to optimize medication use among patients with HF in the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore how Protestant denominations use education to stratify their pastors among lower and higher income jobs and how this use of education intersects with gender. We assume that reliance on education as an indication of job qualification ultimately reflects accommodation to secular norms and hypothesize that it will be practiced most strongly in theologically liberal contexts. Next, we hypothesize that women will benefit from education more than men, a pattern that is typical of secular labor markets. And we predict that education will have a stronger effect on income in denominations where regional clergy administrators have influence in matching pastors to jobs. Data are taken from the 1994 "Ordained Women and Men Study" and consist of career information on clergy in fifteen denominations. Contrary to expectations, clergy degrees have a stronger effect on income in conservative than in liberal denominations. We further find that women clergy receive lower income returns to their degrees in denominations requiring a Muster of Divinity for ordination but receive higher returns in the others. Finally, results show that seminary prestige is more beneficial in denominations where pastors are hired directly by congregations rather than placed in congregations by regional clergy administrators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 58-year old female with no significant past medical or family history with a growth on her left fifth toe. Laminar hyperkeratosis of the epidermis, slight irregular acanthosis with perivascular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate superficial reticular dermis were revealed in the biopsy of the lesion at scanning power. The patient was diagnosed with solitary neurofibroma.

This paper examines the supply of clergy relative to members and churches in fourteen denominations from 1950-1993. It finds that while in general, membership is declining and the number of churches is remaining relatively stable, the number of clergy continues to increase producing a situation of labor over supply. The paper considers explanations that locate the cause of declining occupational prestige and over supply on the entry of women into the clergy profession. However, it shows that the oversupply problem pre- dated the entry of women into ordained occupations. This pattern supports labor queuing explanations based on the work of Reskin and Roos. Looking at a subset of these denominations in 1983 and 1993, the study also seeks to uncover the consequences of the labor surplus and finds that one result of this over supply has been a dramatic increase in the percentage of clergy working in non-parish ministries. Various explanations of this shift are briefly examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effects of marital status on the earnings of Protestant clergy, paying particular attention to how gender mediates the effects of marriage and divorce. In Protestant denominations, we find that marriage has a positive effect on earnings for men, but not for women. We also find results that challenge the hypothesis that these extra earnings are indirect compensation for the "pastor's wife," who traditionally acts as an unpaid staff person when the pastor is hired. We find no difference between earnings of married men whose wives work full-time outside the church and those whose wives stay at home and support their husband's church activities. Interestingly, divorce does not depress earnings for men and has a positive effect on the earnings of women, relative to roamed women The analysis suggests that divorced women tend to work more paid hours than married women. Analyses of clergy in conservative denominations reveal no negative effects of divorce on earnings. However, this may be due to the small number of divorced clergy in these conservative denominations. In general, these analyses shed light on how the relationships among marriage, family, and work in clergy occupations differ for men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes the prevalence and management of onychomycosis in children in North America. Role of antifungal agents in the treatment of onychomycosis; Guidelines regarding dosage regimens; Bioavailability itraconazole oral solution.

This paper examines sex differences in the transition rate of clergy from seminary graduation to parish employment. It investigates how different temporal frameworks: - the evolution of the women's movement, the organizational histories of denominations, and the timing of career decisions in the life course -- affect the transition rate for men and women, net of status attainment factors. Analyses show that while it still takes women 33% longer to find their first job, gender differences have decreased across cohorts, even in a contracting labor market Surprisingly, neither age nor career switching has adverse effects on the transition from seminary to parish employment. Analyses suggest that the entry of women into the labor market may stimulate the formalization of employment procedures, which creates benefits for both men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a re-analysis of Emile Durkheim's evidence which would involve switching the unit of analysis from the clan to the tribe and focusing on the laws supporting the purity and identity of the clan. His book "The Elementary Forms of the Religions Life," remains a classic amongst sociologists of religion for its bold and brilliant attempt to harness the most mysterious and intimate of social forces within the reins of scientific logic and method. In his book "The Division of Labor in Society," Durkheim explores the causes and consequences of social solidarity. He posits two forms of solidarity that correspond to two different types- of social structure; mechanical solidarity, which integrates society on the basis of similarity and organic solidarity, which integrates society on the basis of interdependence. Durkheim believes that mechanical solidarity is the more primitive or traditional form and arises from the states of consciousness that are common to all members of the same society.

The article introduces a series of articles on the consequences of decline in population of priests in U.S. Catholic Church.

The article presents a case study of a 47-year old woman who was hospitalized due to urinary tract infection (UTI). The patient presented with bullous lesions on left limb during the hospitalization and was treated with docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The article discusses complications in chemotherapy, Beau's Lines, and melanonychia.

Objective We examined mode of delivery among pregnant women with epilepsy (PWWE) versus pregnant controls (PC). We hypothesize that PWWE are more likely to deliver by cesarean. Study Design The Maternal Outcomes and Neurodevelopmental Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs (MONEAD) study is an observational, prospective, multicenter investigation of pregnancy outcomes funded by the National Institute of Health (NIH). MONEAD enrolled patients from December 2012 through January 2016. PWWE were matched to PC in a case:control ratio of 3:1. This analysis had 80% power to detect a 36% increase in cesarean frequency assuming a baseline rate of 30% among PC at an α = 0.05. Results This report analyzed 331 PWWE (76%) and 102 PC (24%) who gave birth while enrolled in the study. PWWE and PC had similar rates of cesarean delivery (34.7 vs. 28.6%; p = 0.27). Of women with cesarean, rates of cesarean without labor were similar between groups for those delivering in recruitment hospitals (48.2 vs. 50.0%) but in nonrecruitment hospitals, cesarean rates without labor were over two-fold higher among PWWE than those of PC (68.8 vs. 30.8%; p = 0.023). Receipt of a cesarean after labor did not differ for PWWE compared to PC or by type of antiepileptic drug among the PWWE. Conclusion These findings suggest that the obstetrical experiences of PWWE and PC are similar. An interesting deviation from this observation was the mode of delivery with higher unlabored cesarean rates occurring among PWWE in nonrecruitment hospitals. As the study recruitment hospitals were tertiary academic centers and nonrecruitment hospitals tended to be community-based institutions, differences in perinatal expertise might contribute to this difference. Key Points Unlabored cesarean rates higher among women with epilepsy. Provider preference may influence delivery mode among women with epilepsy. Type and amount of antiepileptic drug was not associated with mode of delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report two female patients aged 17 and 10 years; both with retronychia in the first toes. At physical examination they showed the classic hallmarks of this condition: erythema, pain, and granulation tissue perionixis. Both cases presented with a history of trauma two and six months previous the clinical manifestations, as described in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on tophus, a condition characterized by a deposit of monosodium urate crystals in individuals with high blood uric acid levels. It says that tophi may appear in various parts of the body such as in articular cartilage of joints, periarticular ligaments and soft tissues. Photographs of several cases of tophi are presented including those found in fingers, toes and hands.

Several strategies for circulatory support have been successfully utilized as bridges to recovery or transplantation after acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. We report the novel use of a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) for successful recovery and bridging to transplantation in a patient who had massive anterior wall myocardial infarction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Infection with West Nile virus (WNV) ranges from causing no symptoms to causing non-specific fever, meningitis, meningo-encephalitis and death. Advanced age and immunosuppression are the greatest risk factors for the development of encephalitis or other neurologic manifestations of WNV. We report the first fatal case of primary WNV infection in an orthotopic heart transplant recipient. We reviewed the literature on WNV infection in the general population and in immunocompromised hosts. As WNV becomes more common in the United States, it will become an increasing threat to our transplant population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]