1. Enterococcus faecalis suppresses Staphylococcus aureus-induced NETosis and promotes bacterial survival in polymicrobial infections.
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Kao, Patrick Hsien-Neng, Ch'ng, Jun-Hong, Chong, Kelvin K L, Stocks, Claudia J, Wong, Siu Ling, and Kline, Kimberly A
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ENTEROCOCCUS faecalis , *PHAGOCYTOSIS , *ENDOCYTOSIS , *STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus , *NEUTROPHILS - Abstract
Enter ococcus f aecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently co-isolated with other microbes in wound infections. While E. faecalis can subvert the host immune response and promote the survival of other microbes via interbacterial synergy, little is known about the impact of E. faecalis -mediated immune suppression on co-infecting microbes. We hypothesized that E. faecalis can attenuate neutr ophil-mediated r esponses in mixed-species infection to pr omote survi v al of the co-infecting species. We found that neutr ophils control E. faecalis infection via phagocytosis, ROS production, and de gr anulation of azurophilic granules, but it does not trigger neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis). However, E. faecalis attenuates Staphylococcus aureus -induced NETosis in pol ymicr obial infection by interfering with citrullination of histone, suggesting E. f aecalis can activel y suppr ess NETosis in neutrophils. Residual S. aureus -induced NETs that remain during co-infection do not impact E. faecalis, further suggesting that E. faecalis possess mechanisms to evade or survive NET-associated killing mec hanisms. E. f aecalis -driven reduction of NETosis corresponds with higher S. aur eus survi v al, indicating that this immunomodulating effect could be a risk factor in promoting the virulence polymicrobial infection. These findings highlight the complexity of the immune response to polymicrobial infections and suggest that attenuated pathogen-specific imm une r esponses contribute to pathogenesis in the mammalian host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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