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This is because bio-naïve patients are candidates for biological treatment with a higher PASI than bio-experienced patients who have taken risankizumab following initial secondary inefficacy. Bio-experienced patients achieved PASI90 less than bio-naïve (40.41% vs. 55%, I P i = 0.041) at 16 weeks, differences was also detected in PASI90, 75 and PASI < 3 at week 28 between the two populations (65% vs. 84%, 77% vs. 93% and 78% vs. 91%, I P i = 0.003, I P i = 0.001 and I P i = 0.011 respectively). Effect of Risankizumab on patient-reported outcomes in moderate to severe psoriasis: the UltIMMa-1 and UltIMMa-2 randomized clinical trials. [Extracted from the article]

Seismic liquefaction is one of the most devastating natural hazards that can cause significant damage to structures and infrastructure. The liquefaction behaviour is simulated in the finite element code PLAXIS by the UBC3D-PLM constitutive model that is 3-D generalized formulation of the 2-D UBCSAND model developed at the University of British Colombia. The UBC3D-PLM model used in this work was successfully employed in many recent studies, e.g. to evaluate the liquefaction effects on the seismic soil–structure interaction, to assess the dynamic behaviour of earthen embankments built on liquefiable soil and to investigate the seismic performance of offshore foundations. Moreover, UBC3D-PLM model involves many input parameters to model the onset of the liquefaction phenomenon. Therefore, their determination becomes a crucial concern. Previous studies elaborated a specific formulation that requires the corrected Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow counts as input. However, the Dilatometer Marchetti Test (DMT), compared to the SPT, is more sensitive to several factors that affect the liquefaction resistance such as aging, stress history, overconsolidation and horizontal earth pressure. For this reason, a new parameter selection procedure, which uses the horizontal stress index derived from DMT, was developed in this study. The new relationships were applied for determining the initial parameters of the UBC3D-PLM model to describe the behavior of several liquefiable deposits located in eastern Sicily (Italy) that experienced destructive earthquakes in the past. For each site, the model was calibrated to the DMT-based liquefaction triggering curve, developed by combining DMT correlations with the current method based on SPT test, by the simulation of cyclic direct simple shear tests (CDSS). Finally, CDSS tests were performed by means of the CDSS device at the Soil Dynamics and Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory of the University "Kore" of Enna (Italy). This allowed to validate the applicability of the proposed procedure in simulating the liquefaction behavior of sandy soils. • Correlations between the parameters of the UBC3D-PLM model and K D are proposed. • The CRR curve for SPT was translated into an "equivalent" CRR curve for K D. • The correlations were employed to three test sites in eastern Sicily (Italy). • CDSS tests were simulated for different values of the CSR. • A satisfactory convergence was obtained for each test site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the stellar atmospheres of the two components of the Herbig Ae SB2 system AK Sco to determine the elements present in the stars and their abundance. Equal stellar parameters T eff = 6500 K and |$\log \, g=4.5$| were used for both stars. We studied HARPSpol spectra (resolution 110 000) that were previously used to state the presence of a weak magnetic field in the secondary. A composite synthetic spectrum was compared in the whole observed region λλ 3900–6912 Å with the observed spectrum. The abundances were derived mostly from unblended profiles, in spite of their sparsity, owing to the complexity of the system and to the not negligible |$v\, \sin \, i$| of 18 and 21 km s−1 adopted for the two components, respectively. The identified elements are those typical of stars with spectral type F 5 IV-V, except for Li  i at 6707 Å and He  i at 5875.61 Å, whose presence is related with the Herbig nature of the two stars. Furthermore, overabundances were determined in both stars for Y, Ba, and La. Zirconium is overabundant only in the primary, while sulphur is overabundant outside the adopted error limits only in the secondary. In contrast to previous results showing a high occurrence rate of λ Boo peculiarities or normal chemical composition among the Herbig Ae/Be stars, the abundance pattern of AK Sco is similar to that of only few other Herbig stars displaying weak Ap/Bp peculiarities. A few accretion diagnostic lines are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The management of HIV disease is complicated by the incidence of a new spectrum of comorbid noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It is important to document changes in the prevalence of NCDs over time. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of ageing on HIV markers and on the prevalence of NCDs in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals (ICONA) seen for care in 2004–2014. Methods: Analyses were conducted separately for a closed cohort (same people seen at both times) and an open cohort (all people under follow‐up). We used the χ2 test for categorical factors and the Wilcoxon test for quantitative factors to compare profiles over time. Results: The closed cohort included 1517 participants and the open cohort 3668 under follow‐up in 2004 and 6679 in 2014. The median age of the open cohort was 41 [interquartile range (IQR) 37–46] years in 2004 and 44 (IQR 36–52) years in 2014. Analysis of the closed cohort showed an increase in the prevalence of some NCDs [the prevalence of dyslipidaemia increased from 75% in 2004 to 91% in 2014, that of hypertension from 67 to 84%, and that of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from 18 to 32%] and a decrease in renal function (5% with eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in 2004 versus 30% in 2014); the percentage of people in the high‐risk group for the Framingham CHD score more than tripled (from 13 to 45%). Results in the open cohort were similar. Conclusions: The burden of NCDs in our PLWHIV population markedly worsened over a 10‐year time‐span, which is likely to be a result of the effects of both ageing and HIV infection as well as their interaction. Special attention must be given to the management and prevention of NCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The positronium atom (Ps) is widely used as a probe to characterize nanoporous and mesoporous materials. Existing theoretical models for describing Ps annihilation rates by pick-off processes generally treat Ps as a point particle confined in a potential well. Hence these models do not justify any change in the internal structure of Ps, which is experimentally accessible by means of the contact density parameter. Recently we formulated a twoparticle model in which only the electron is confined in the cavity, while the positron is moving freely and feels the medium via a positive work function. We present here a numerical treatment of the problem of calculating contact densities and pick-off annihilation rates, by using a variational method. Results are in agreement with experimental data for a large class of materials, and suggest a way to connect these data with pore sizes and positron work functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The sharp-line spectrum of the non-magnetic, main-sequence Bp star HR 6000 has peculiarities that distinguish it from those of the HgMn stars with which it is sometimes associated. The position of the star close to the center of the Lupus 3 molecular cloud, whose estimated age is on the order of 9.1 ± 2.1 Myr, has lead to the hypothesis that the anomalous peculiarities of HR 6000 can be explained by the young age of the star. Aims: Observational material from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) provides the opportunity to extend the abundance analysis previously performed for the optical region and clarify the properties of this remarkable peculiar star. Our aim was to obtain the atmospheric abundances for all the elements observed in a broad region from 1250 to 10 000 A. Methods: An LTE synthetic spectrum was compared with a high-resolution spectrum observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) equipment in the 1250-3040 A interval. Abundances were changed until the synthetic spectrum fit the observed spectrum. The assumed model is an LTE, plane-parallel, line-blanketed ATLAS12 model already used for the abundance analysis of a high-resolution optical spectrum observed at ESO with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES). The stellar parameters are Teff = 13450 K, log g = 4.3, and zero microturbulent velocity. Results: Abundances for 28 elements and 7 upper limits were derived from the ultraviolet spectrum. Adding results from previous work, we have now quantitative results for 37 elements, some of which show striking contrasts with those of a broad sample of HgMn stars. The analysis has pointed out numerous abundance anomalies, such as ionization anomalies and line-to-line variation in the derived abundances, in particular for silicon. The inferred discrepancies could be explained by non-LTE effects and with the occurrence of diffusion and vertical abundance stratification. In the framework of the last hypothesis, we obtained, by means of trial and error, empirical step functions of abundance versus optical depth log(r5000) for carbon, nitrogen, silicon, manganese, and gold, while we failed to find such a function for phosphorous. The poor results for carbon, and mostly for phosphorus, suggest the possible importance in this star of NLTE effects to be investigated in future works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a new construction of the Student and Student-like fractal activity time model for risky asset. The construction uses the diffusion processes and their superpositions and allows for specified exact Student or Student-like marginal distributions of the returns and for flexible and tractable dependence structure. The fractal activity time is asymptotically self-similar, which is a desired feature seen in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Infectious diseases still represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality among foreign-born individuals. The rising migration flows towards Europe throughout the last few years are raising renewed concerns about management issues and the potential associated risk for the native population. Aims To discuss the health implications and challenges related to the four phases of migration, from first arrival to stable resettlement. Sources Scientific literature and relevant statistical reports. Content Although infectious diseases are not a health priority at first arrival, a syndromic screening to identify the most common communicable conditions (pulmonary tuberculosis above all) should be promptly conducted. Reception centres where asylum seekers are gathered after arrival may be crowded, so favouring epidemic outbreaks, sometimes caused by incomplete vaccine coverage for preventable diseases. After resettlement, the prevalence of some chronic infections such as human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis or tuberculosis largely reflects the epidemiological pattern in the country of origin, with poor living conditions being an additional driver. Once resettled, migrants usually travel back to their country of origin without seeking pre-travel advice, which results in a high incidence of malaria and other infections. Implications Although infectious diseases among migrants are known to have a negligible impact on European epidemiology, screening programmes need to be implemented and adapted to the different stages of the migratory process to better understand the trends and set priorities for action. Appropriate access to care regardless of the legal status is crucial to improve the health status and prevent the spread of contagious conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Catania (Italy) in the South-Eastern Sicily has been affected in past times by several destroying earthquakes with high values of estimated magnitude. The seismogenic area to the south of Volcano Etna, known as Iblean Area, is placed between the African and the Euro-Asiatic plates on the west of the Ibleo-Maltese escarpment, to the south of the Graben of the Sicilian channel and on the east of the overlapping front of Gela. Basing on the seismic history of Catania, the following earthquake scenarios have been considered: the “Val di Noto” earthquake of January 11, 1693 (with intensity X-XI on MCS scale, magnitude M W =7.41 and epicentral distance of about 13 km); the “Etna” earthquake of February 20, 1818 (with intensity IX on MCS scale, magnitude M W =6.23 and epicentral distance of about 10 km). The soil response analysis at the surface, in terms of time history and response spectra, has been obtained by 1-D equivalent linear models for about 1200 borings location available in the data-bank of the central area of Catania of about 50 km 2 , using deterministic design scenario earthquakes as input at the conventional bedrock. Seismic microzoning maps of the city of Catania have been obtained in terms of different peak ground acceleration at the surface and in terms of amplification ratios for given values of frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to carry out an abundance determination, to search for spectral variability and for the presence of a weak magnetic field in the typical PGa star HD 19400. High-resolution, high signal-to-noise High Accuracy Radial-velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectropolarimetric observations of HD 19400 were obtained at three different epochs in 2011 and 2013. For the first time, we present abundances of various elements determined using an ATLAS12 model, including the abundances of a number of elements not analysed by previous studies, such as Ne i, Ga ii, and Xe ii. Several lines of As ii are also present in the spectra of HD 19400. To study the variability, we compared the behaviour of the line profiles of various elements. We report on the first detection of anomalous shapes of line profiles belonging to Mn and Hg, and the variability of the line profiles belonging to the elements Hg, P, Mn, Fe, and Ga. We suggest that the variability of the line profiles of these elements is caused by their non-uniform surface distribution, similar to the presence of chemical spots detected in HgMn stars. The search for the presence of a magnetic field was carried out using the moment technique and the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method. Our measurements of the magnetic field with the moment technique using 22 Mn ii lines indicate the potential existence of a weak variable longitudinal magnetic field on the first epoch. The SVD method applied to the Mn ii lines indicates 〈Bz〉 = −76 ± 25 G on the first epoch, and at the same epoch the SVD analysis of the observations using the Fe ii lines shows 〈Bz〉 = −91 ± 35 G. The calculated false alarm probability values, 0.008 and 0.003, respectively, are above the value 10−3, indicating no detection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The double-lined spectroscopic binary HD 104237 (DX Cha) is part of a complex system of some half-dozen nearby young stars. We report a significant change from an orbit for the SB2 system derived from 1999–2000 observations. We obtain abundances from the primary and secondary spectra. The abundance analysis uses both detailed spectral synthesis and determinations based on equivalent widths of weak absorption lines with Wλ typically <25 mÅ. Abundances are derived for 25 elements in the primary, and 17 elements in the secondary. Apart from lithium and zirconium, abundances do not depart significantly from solar. Lithium may be marginally enhanced with respect to the meteoritic value in the primary. It somewhat depleted in the secondary. The emission-line spectrum is typical of Herbig Ae stars. We compare and contrast the spectra of the HD 104237 primary and two other Herbig Ae stars with low v sin (i), HD 101412 and HD 190073. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The representation of the ohm by the quantum Hall effect permits the reproduction of the farad unit by tracing capacitance to dc resistance. Many R–C bridge’s types are used in these determinations. In effect a chain of some bridges must be used. The proposed “direct comparison method” (DCM) is based on the definition of impedance and admittance and performs the detection of the equality of the rms value of voltage drops and currents. By DCM, at maximum operating frequency of 3kHz, capacitance and inductance standards in the rage from 2nF to 2μF and from 30mH to 1H can be directly compared to ac QHR. These comparisons by DCM can be performed within few parts in 109 and a frequency measurement currently performable within one part in 109–1010 and the detection of the ratio of resistances and conductances performable within few parts in. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Context. Contrary to the late-type stars, our knowledge of atomic transitions in intermediate-mass stars is still very poor. The recent availability of ESO's high-resolution spectrograph CRIRES offers now the opportunity to study numerous spectral features in the near-IR in intermediate-mass main-sequence and pre-main-sequence stars. Aims. The aim of the study is to explore the diagnostic potential of near-IR spectral regions. We carry out the first line identification in a few spectral regions for the two strongly magnetic Ap stars γ?Equ and HD?154708, and their potential precursors two pre-main sequence Herbig Ae/Be stars HD?101412 and 51?Oph. Methods. High-resolution CRIRES spectra were obtained in three spectral regions, two regions around 1μm and one region around 1.57μm containing magnetically sensitive Fe?i lines. To study the spectral line variability in the Herbig Ae star HD?101412, the observations were collected on six different rotation phases. All currently available atomic line lists were involved to properly identify the detected spectral features. Results. The largest number of near-IR spectral features was detected and identified in the well-studied magnetic Ap star γ?Equ. Nearly 30% of the spectral lines in the Ap star HD?154708 with one of the strongest magnetic fields known among the Ap stars of the order of 25?kG, remain unidentified due to a lack of atomic data. Only very few lines belonging to the rare earth element group have been identified in both Ap stars. A number of spectral lines including the Ce?III and Dy?II lines appear magnetically split due to the presence of a strong magnetic field in their atmospheres. The content of the spectra of the Herbig Ae/Be stars HD?101412 and 51?Oph is rather unexciting. Variable behaviour of lines of the elements He, N, Mg, Si, and Fe over the rotation period in the spectra of HD?101412 confirm our previous finding of variability in the optical region. Due to the very fast rotation of 51?Oph, only a few spectral lines have been identified with certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamic cloud masking and filtering algorithm is proposed for the Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieval from infrared imagery of geostationary satellites. The algorithm uses a modified Kalman Filter (KF) to separate the non-Gaussian error due to clouds from the reference cloud-free LST retrieval error, in order to discriminate and possibly correct for different levels of cloud contamination. This approach was intended to make better use of the important features of the new generation of geostationary satellites, such as the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites, including their high sampling frequency and the extensive real-time availability of images. The reference surface energy balance model on which the KF is based was simplified to the extent that no information other than top-of-atmosphere solar radiation was required to force the system together with LST measurements. The overall accuracy of the new algorithm, named Cloud Masking with Kalman Filter (CMKF), was tested on the LST retrievals over the Italian peninsula for a 15-day summer period from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) sensor onboard the MSG satellite. As a verification dataset, analogous retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used. The higher spatial resolution of the MODIS LST maps and accompanying cloud masks also allowed us to analyse the results in terms of different levels of fractional cloud cover. The results of these first verification experiments show that the application of the proposed dynamic algorithm improves the LST retrieval, with respect to cloud masking with a classical static algorithm, in two different ways: first, there is a more consistent identification of cloud-free LST data; and second, and more importantly, there is a substantial increase in the quantity of final LST estimates, up to four times more in very cloudy conditions, with the use of prior model predictions at a cost of a very modest increase in the LST root mean squared error (RMSE). Moreover, the higher coefficient of determination in both cases indicates that the algorithm provides LST estimates over a wider range, as it is capable of reconstructing with some accuracy certain lower LST values under cloud cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel paradigm investigates the ability to understand an agent's intended goal in children with autism (N=25), typically developing children (N=46), and adults (N=16+12) by watching a non-human agent's kinematic properties alone. Computer animations depict a circle at the bottom of a U-shaped valley rolling up and down its slopes and getting closer to a target resting at the top of either side of the valley. The circle's persistent motion and improving attempts evoke the attribution of the intention to reach the target, regardless of whether the circle fails or attains its goal. Children with autism are as able as controls to infer an agent's intended-goal, disregarding its failure to reach the target. In addition, the study showed that the perception of persistent motion is a sufficient but not a necessary cue for very young children and children with autisn to attribute intention to an agent, whereas adults consider the persistent motion cue as a sufficient and necessary cue to attribute intention to an agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a harmonic generation process the temporal profile of the up-converted pulse undergoes significative changes depending on the input profile and crystal length. A simple theoretical treatment and the corresponding physical view are presented. The matter and the properties of two shaping systems are investigated in view of producing rectangular up-converted pulses, as required by laser driven radio-frequency electron sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Article reports on a comparative study on the ability of various polymers, containing hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic groups, to interact with a biomembrane model using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. Multilamellar vesicles of mixed dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidic acid (DMPA) were chosen as a model of cell membranes. The investigated samples were a water soluble polymer, the α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) and its derivatives partially functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG 2000 ) to obtain PHEA-PEG 2000 , with hexadecylamine (C 16 ) to obtain PHEA-C 16 , and with both compounds to obtain PHEA-PEG 2000 -C 16 . These polymers are potential candidates to prepare drug delivery systems. In particular, some samples give rise to polymeric micelles able to entrap hydrophobic drugs in an aqueous medium. The migration of drug molecules from these micelles to DMPC/DMPA vesicles also has been evaluated by DSC analysis, by using ketoprofen as a model drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a simplified non-linear method to predict the behaviour of a single pile and/or a pile group under vertical loads. The evaluation of the non-linear settlement is based on an incremental procedure taking into account the decrease of the stiffness parameters with increase of the applied load. The solution, derived first for a single pile, was extended to the case of a pile group, introducing an equivalent pier interacting with the surrounding soil by means of hyperbolic load transfer functions. To take into account group action in the soil-pile interaction, the stiffness of the equivalent pier has been modified and linked to that of the single pile, and a simple expression is also proposed. The numerical results obtained by the proposed method were compared with measurements derived from full-scale load tests on single piles and pile groups, and it has been shown that this procedure can be used successfully for prediction of non-linear pile group settlement. As the method can be easily coded or solved with the aid of a computer spreadsheet, reasonable predictions can be made without expensive and time-consuming analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was conducted during 1998 and 1999 with the aim of investigating radiation-use efficiency (RUE) in flue-cured tobacco and its response to nitrogen (N) supply. Three levels of N supply, named as N0, N40, N80, in kg ha−1, were applied to an irrigated crop with pests effectively controlled. Leaf area index (LAI), and aboveground biomass partitioned in leaves and stems, were sampled weekly during the growing seasons. A canopy extinction coefficient (k) of 0.44 was estimated on the basis of daily values of photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR) measured above and underneath the canopy in 1999. This value was used for calculating radiation intercepted throughout the growing season for both years. RUE results were characterized by considerable seasonal variations after the removal of inflorescence (topping). However, in 1998 RUE was not significantly influenced by the rate of N fertilization. RUE for the vegetative phase ranged from 2.31 g MJ−1 for the treatment N0 to 2.48 g MJ−1 for the treatment N80 (P>0.05). After topping, RUE decreased dramatically to 0.74 g MJ−1 for N0 and 0.95 g MJ−1 for N80 (P>0.05). Since specific leaf nitrogen (SLN) increased during the maturation phase, it is likely that the abrupt RUE reduction reflected sink limitations imposed by topping. Surprisingly, an opposite trend for N response was observed in 1999. RUE for the vegetative phase was 2.02 g MJ−1 for the treatment N0 and decreased to 1.74 g MJ−1 for the treatment N80 (P<0.05). After topping, RUE ranged from 1.24 g MJ−1 for the treatment N0 to 0.71 g MJ−1 for the treatment N80, although this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The low pre-anthesis RUE of 1999 was attributed to soil water logging occurred during early crop establishment. It seems likely that higher RUE observed for the treatment N0 was due to variability of water logging conditions within the field rather than to the N treatment. Overall, these variable results provide information on factors affecting RUE. The RUE concept helped to elucidate situations in which the efficient use of solar resources was impaired, especially the important role played by sink limitations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A recent non-destructive technique allows estimation of leaf chlorophyll content using the portable SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter. Measurements were taken on four species (winter wheat, maize, soyabean and tobacco) subjected to different nitrogen regimes or senescence status and the non-destructive readings were compared with analytical results obtained by solvent extraction. In general, the relationship between the SPAD measurement and the analytical result was not linear and species was a factor in three out of four crops. Linear, quadratic and exponential curve fitting are presented; only the interpolation with a polynomial exponential function adequately describes the whole data set. The presence of statistically non-significant differences between the estimated values of wheat and maize on the one hand and significant points of difference between those of tobacco and soyabean on the other suggests distinct behaviour patterns for monocots and dicots. This type of response may be explained by differences in the optical properties of pigments with differing spatial distributions (sieve effect) and therefore by in vivo and in vitro different procedures and the structural diversity of leaves belonging to the two subclasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nine Budey tobacco cultivars were tested in three locations of the Veneto region during 3 years in order to single out the ones most suitable for the target environment. Differences among cultivars were found for plant development indicators, yield and visual quality of the cured leaf, but not for physical and chemical properties of the leaf, even if most characters varied widely among the environments. High yields combined well with high scores of Quality Index. F1 hybrids CAS 83-1E and C. 03-6 resulted on average the best performing cultivars, both for yield and quality, confirming the findings of previous trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1985 to 1987, eight varieties of domestic and foreign Burley tobacco were studied in some Northern Italy locations (Veneto Region), as an alternative to the air-cured light and dark tobacco presently grown in that area. An average 3-year yield equal to or higher than 3 t ha-1 of cured leaf was obtained for all the tested varieties, which indicates a general adaptation to the environment. Early-flowering types were more productive than late-flowering ones; the qualitative leaf traits (alkaloid content, combustibility and specific leaf weight) were mainly related to the growing seasons. The yield stability test and the mean leaf yields highlighted the CAS 83-1A and CAS 83-1E cultivars as high-yielding and stable genotypes, and Virginia 528 as a medium to high yielding genotype adapted to less favourable conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents observations made on the abundance of lithium (Li) in the spectrum of the magnetic star beta CrB. Use of the synthetic spectrum method in analyzing the abundance of Li; Possible isotopic shift of Li; Benefits applying modern detectors to astronomical spectroscopy; Construction of a statistically significant data base.

Focuses on an analysis of negative skin friction on piles in a layered soil deposit. Validity of the numerical results; Comparison of measured and computed axial forces and pile settlements; Determination of the neutral point located at the depth.

Presents an approach for the analysis of piles subjected to negative skin friction. Model proposed to describe the interaction between a single pile and a consolidating soil; Expression for the load-transfer function.

The article presents the authors' views on a previously published paper on a non-linear approach for settlement prediction of single pile and pile groups under vertical load. The authors admit that the paper authors have proposed an admirably simple formulation for modelling the non-linear vertical load-settlement response of single piles and pile groups in homogeneous soils. However, in implementing this technique, they have found several errata in the formulation and flowchart. Besides, they have also found some difficulties in reproducing the examples reported in the paper.

Modern physics experiments are frequently very complex, relying on multiple simultaneous events to happen in order to obtain the desired result. The experiment control system plays a central role in orchestrating the measurement setup: However, its development is often treated as secondary with respect to the hardware, its importance becoming evident only during the operational phase. Therefore, the AE g ̄ IS (Antimatter Experiment: Gravity, Interferometry, Spectroscopy) collaboration has created a framework for easily coding control systems, specifically targeting atomic, quantum, and antimatter experiments. This framework, called Total Automation of LabVIEW Operations for Science (TALOS), unifies all the machines of the experiment in a single entity, thus enabling complex high-level decisions to be taken, and it is constituted by separate modules, called MicroServices, that run concurrently and asynchronously. This enhances the stability and reproducibility of the system while allowing for continuous integration and testing while the control system is running. The system demonstrated high stability and reproducibility, running completely unsupervised during the night and weekends of the data-taking campaigns. The results demonstrate the suitability of TALOS to manage an entire physics experiment in full autonomy: being open-source, experiments other than the AE g ̄ IS experiment can benefit from it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the study by L. T. Chen and H. G. Poulos on the lateral response of vertical piles subjected to lateral soil movements. Proposed method in analyzing piles behavior; Details on the modeling of nonlinear soil-pile interaction; Analysis of soil-pile interaction. INSET: Closure by L.T. Chen and H.G. Poulos, Fellow, ASCE.

Rainfall-induced shallow landslides often turn into flows. These phenomena occur worldwide and pose severe hazard to infrastructure and human lives on mountainous areas. Risk assessment, and the design of mitigation measures, can both be informed by back-analysis of previous events. However, shallow instabilities are frequently spread over a large area, with the generated flows occurring in sequences, or surges. Conventionally, back-analysis exercises tackle the problem by simulating runout as a single event, with all surges happening simultaneously. This simplification has repercussions that have not been explored in the literature so far, and whose impact in hazard assessment practice is unclear. Therefore, a novel time-resolving procedure is proposed in this paper, which can for the first time be applied to resolve instability sequences of arbitrary duration. The methodology discretizes the event, detecting instabilities at equally spaced time intervals as a function of rainfall. Thanks to this, the post-failure behaviour of each surge can be tracked by a runout model, with a separate simulation performed every time a new instability is detected. The methodology robustness is tested on two documented case studies. The results reveal that, under some conditions, the time-resolving procedure can lead to significantly different results in terms of runout path, flooded area, and flow heights. This leads to criticism on how back-analysis is conventionally applied, prompting for a review of historical cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positronium (Ps) is widely used as a probe for studying nanometric porosities in condensed matter. Accessible experimental measurements concern annihilation rates by pickoff processes and contact densities (the electron density at the positron position). Existing models for describing Ps properties in small cavities do not justify the lowering of the contact density with respect to that of Ps in vacuum, as found in most materials. We formulate a two-particle model in which only the electron is confined in the cavity, while the positron is moving freely and feels the medium via a positive work function. Our calculation fully explains experimental data for a large class of materials and suggests a way to gain information on pore sizes and positron work functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comments on the article, titled 'Response of laterally loaded large-diameter bored pile groups,' by Charles W.W. Ng, Limin Zhang and Dora C.N. Nip. Analysis of the behavior of full-scale pile groups under lateral loads; Nonlinear behavior of the soil-pile system; Computer code for the analysis of the behavior of a single pile or pile group subjected to lateral loads.

Focuses on the authors' evaluation of nonlinear deflection of laterally loaded piles in sands. Bending moment distribution along the pile; Definition of empirical constants in laterally loaded piles of sands.

Purpose: Generic drugs use in the Liguria region is higher than the Italian average, but lower than in other European countries. No data exist about real-life prescription and level of awareness of generic drugs. In this study, we analyzed demographic, social, economic and cultural factors that may affect the level of awareness of generic drugs and their effective use. Methods: We conducted a population survey using a structured questionnaire, administered to a sample of 8 outpatient clinics of general practitioners located in different districts of Genoa (Liguria, Italy). Multivariate logistic modeling was adopted to study the relationship between awareness/use of generic drugs and characteristics of subjects. Results: Out of 2,000 outpatients surveyed, 95% were aware of generic drugs: these were mostly females (OR =2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.6), .35 years old (OR .6.0 vs 18-35 years), with a high level of education (OR .4.4 vs "elementary sch"), living in the west side of the city (OR =1.9 vs center); of these, only 59% declared that they effectively use generic drugs. Users were younger (OR =3.1, 18-35 years vs .65 years), with a high level of education (high school/university degree vs no title/elementary/secondary school OR =1.7) and were aware of the lower cost compared with branded drugs, and were mainly informed by pharmacists and physicians. Conclusions: Although subjects were substantially aware of the existence of generic drugs, ∼40% still did not use them; doubts about their efficacy seem to be mainly driven by the idea that cheaper drugs lead to lower product quality, in terms of efficacy, safety and tolerability. New education policies on generic drugs are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Abiotic and biotic immersion conditions influence AA5083 surface modifications. • NaCl solution vs artificial seawater: Influence of seawater components. • Marine biological activity positively influences AA5083 corrosion process. • Microbial activity promotes the formation of a protective layer on AA5083 surface. Corrosion is an important issue for alloys in natural seawater, where microorganisms can accelerate or mitigate corrosion. Al-Mg alloys are used for marine activities and various associated technologies. Here, the behaviour of AA5083 alloy was investigated in natural seawater with marine exposure lasting up to 50 days and detailing the first 8 days in two experimental series. Experimental work was carried out, including semi-field tests in natural seawater (biotic conditions) compared with abiotic conditions. The open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, during the immersion time, exhibited significantly different behaviours: an OCP downward displacement occurred under abiotic conditions, while, in biotic conditions OCP remained generally stable since the beginning of the immersion, revealing an inhibiting effect of the biological activity on the Al-Mg corrosion. This was accompanied by different surface modifications under biotic conditions: surface and cross-section characterization, performed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, showed less corrosion developed on the surface after 8-day immersion and formation of a protective layer during 50-day immersion. The present study shows that marine biological activity positively influences the Al alloy corrosion process, with surface modifications resulting in a protective effect counteracting the aggressiveness of chloride ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'inflammation induite par les cristaux d'urate monosodique (UMS) et de pyrophosphate de calcium (PPC) dépend de l'interleukine (IL)-1β activée par l'inflammasome NLRP3. La réaction inflammatoire peut être modulée par l'alimentation, le jeûne et la restriction calorique. Déterminer si le jeûne intermittent réduit l'inflammation induite par les cristaux d'UMS et de PPC. In vivo, l'inflammation microcristalline a été évaluée dans le modèle de poche à air chez des souris mâles sauvages âgées de 8 semaines qui avaient soit un régime alimentaire normal ad libitum, soit un jeûne intermittent (JI) de deux jours non consécutifs pendant une semaine. La production de cytokines inflammatoires (IL-1β, de CXCL-1) a été dosée dans le liquide de lavage des poches et l'infiltrat cellulaire analysé par FACs et histologie (coloration H&E). Des analyses métabolomiques ont été effectuées par chromatographie en phase liquide haute performance sur des prélèvements des poches, des sérums et des foies. Les modifications des métabolites associées aux régimes alimentaires ont été analysées par le programme metaboanalyst. In vitro, les monocytes de la lignée humaine THP-1 ont été stimulés par les cristaux synthétiques stériles d'UMS et de PPC et la production de cytokines inflammatoire quantifiée par ELISA. L'inflammation induite par les cristaux d'UMS et de PPC était drastiquement diminuée par le JI par rapport au régime normal : baisse de la production de l'IL-1β (UMS 0,0 vs 30,0 pg/mL ; PPC 0,0 vs 47,5 pg/mL p < 0,0001) de CXCL-1 (UMS 67,5 vs 186,8 pg/mL, PPC 156,1 vs 549,5 pg/mL, p < 0,005) et de l'infiltrat cellulaire (nombre de cellules dans le liquide de lavage (UMS 0,2 × 10e6 vs 1,1 × 10e6 ; PPC 0,4 × 10e6 vs 2,9 × 10e6 ; p < 0,0001) et score histologique des membranes (UMS 0,6 vs 3,0 ; PPC 0,8 vs 2,7 ; p < 0,0001). La réduction de l'inflammation par le JI était associée à des modifications importantes des métabolites des membranes, du sérum et du foie. Le JI augmentait les corps cétoniques (l'acide hydroxybutyrique) ainsi que l'acide cholique, l'acétylglycine, l'acide hydroxy caproïque. En revanche, le JI diminuait les métabolites des carbohydrates (maltotriose, raffinose, mannitol), du glutamate et du semi-aldéhyde succinique. De nombreuses voies métaboliques étaient modifiées par le JI avec un enrichissement des métabolites du métabolisme de la galactose, de l'amidon, du saccharose, de l'aspartate, du glutamate, de l'alanine et de l'arginine. In vitro, la production de cytokines inflammatoires induite par les cristaux a été diminuée par une privation de sérum pendant la nuit (IL-1β : UMS 1446 vs 5464 pg/mL ; PPC 3670 vs 7797 pg/mL, p < 0,005 ; TNF-α : UMS 7,0 vs 47,0 pg/mL ; PPC 15,6 vs 89,3 pg/mL, p < 0,05 ; IL-8 : UMS 2896 vs 9781 pg/mL ; PPC 3984 vs 6820 pg/mL, p < 0,01). L'inhibition de la production d'IL-1β induite par les cristaux par la privation de sérum a été abrogée lorsque les cellules ont été traitées par 3-MA (UMS 1446 vs 4912 pg/mL ; PPC 3670 vs 9367 pg/mL, p < 0,005), un inhibiteur de l'autophagie. Le jeûne intermittent atténue l'inflammation microcristalline en modifiant de nombreuses voies métaboliques, en particulier celles associées au lipide et au glutamate. Celui-ci est un acide aminé important dans l'alimentation du cycle de Krebs en période de déplétion glucidique. Il module aussi l'inflammasome NLRP3. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer comment les cristaux modulent son métabolisme et ses effets anti-inflammatoires potentiels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To determine the accuracy of ENZIAN score, as detected on MR imaging, compared to surgical-pathologic findings. Materials and methods This retrospective study was approved by the investigational review board and the requirement for informed patient consent was waived. 115 patients were included according to following criteria: tubo-ovarian and/or deep endometriosis suspected at physical examination and transvaginal ultrasound; availability of MR examination; histopathological results from laparoscopic or surgical treatment. Exclusion criteria: lack of available MR examination, and/or (b) lack of a definitive histopathological results. Histopathological findings from bioptic specimens obtained during laparoscopic or laparotomic treatment were considered as reference standard. For all detected lesions a score according to ENZIAN score (revised 2010) was assigned both for MRI and histopathological findings. By comparing MRI-ENZIAN score and histopathological-ENZIAN score the overall sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values in relation to presence/absence of deep endometriosis in each patient were calculated. k-Cohen to evaluate the degree of concordance between MRI-ENZIAN score and histopathological-ENZIAN score was also measured. Moreover the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values for each specific localization provided by ENZIAN score were also calculated. Results At histopathology, the diagnosis of deep endometriosis was confirmed in 82/115 (71.3%) patients. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV of MRI were 94%, 97%, 95%, 99%, 86%, respectively. The highest accuracy was for adenomyosis (100%) and endometriosis of utero-sacral ligaments (USLs) (98%), slightly lower for vagina-rectovaginal septum an colo-rectal walls (96%), and the lowest for bladder endometriosis (92%). The concordance between histopathological and MRI ENZIAN score was excellent ( k = 0.824); in particular it was 0.812 for lesions in vagina-rectovaginal space, 0.890 for lesions in USL, 0.822 for lesions in rectum–sigmoid colon, 1.000 for uterine adenomyosis, and 0.367 for lesions located in the bladder wall. Conclusion MRI correlates with the ENZIAN score and has an accuracy of 95% in the detection and localization of deep endometriosis, allowing to minimize false negative results (4%) in patients with deep endometriosis and to obtain a correct preoperative staging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. In recent years, HgMn stars have attracted attention after in several of them surface chemical spots of different elements were discovered, whose origin and possible connection with binarity and magnetic fields is not clear yet. Aims. We perform a complete study of the HgMn binary HD161701, including the determination of physical parameters and photospheric chemical abundances. Methods. We analyzed time series of high-resolution spectroscopic observations obtained with ESO's spectrograph FEROS and the spectro-polarimeter HARPS, in addition to a near-IR spectrum obtained with CRIRES. Radial velocity curves for both stars were combined with additional spectroscopic information to estimate absolute stellar parameters. A spectral separation technique was applied, which enabled us to conduct a detailed spectral analysis of both the HgMn primary and the low-luminosity secondary component, which turned out to be a peculiar star as well. Chemical abundances were determined by spectral synthesis. Using HARPS and FEROS spectra obtained at 11 rotational phases, we detected line profile variations in both stellar companions, indicating a nonuniform surface distribution of chemical composition. Results. HD161701 is a binary system formed by two chemically peculiar stars in an almost circular orbit with a period of 12.451 d. The primary is a 4.0 M⊙ star with a chemical pattern typical of HgMn stars with notable overabundances of P, Mn, Ga, Y, Xe, and Hg. The secondary is a 2.4 M⊙ star showing moderate (1-2 dex) overabundance in metals of the iron group, and strong (2-5 dex) overabundaces in Sr, Y, and particularly rare-earth elements. This star presents a remarkable surface chemical spot pattern with Ti and rare-earths concentrated on the surface region that is pemanently facing the binary companion, and Fe concentrated on the far side. The primary star shows weak profile variations in Mn and Cr spectral lines. Conclusions. The coincidence of chemical spots with the position of the binary companion, a fact that has recently been reported also in a few other chemically peculiar stars, suggests a possible connection between the presence of the companion and the origin of chemical anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi can cause severe infections. Two or more nosocomial unusual fungal infections diagnosed in a short period should be assumed as an outbreak. The review's aim was to collect data to improve their management. The free online worldwide database for nosocomial outbreaks () and the PubMed/MEDLINE database were used to collect the English literature published from 1990 to June 2011. The more common Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. infections were excluded. For each outbreak, the following data were reviewed: species, duration, source and site of infection, ward, risk factors, number of patients infected, treatment, related mortality, type of epidemiological study and time elapsed between index cases and second cases. Thirty-six reports were considered: yeasts caused the majority of the outbreaks (16 out of 36). The median values for the overall duration, number of infected people per outbreak and infection-related mortality were 5 months, 4 and 20 %, respectively. Eighteen cases were caused by contaminated substances and 13 cases were hypothesised as human-transmitted. Nosocomial outbreaks due to rare fungal pathogens involve few patients but have high related mortality. These results could be explained by the diagnostic delay, the inability of recognising the source of the infections and the challenges of the treatment. More efforts should be concentrated to implement the application of proper hygiene practices to avoid human-human transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe and model emission lines in the first overtone band of CO in the magnetic Herbig Ae star HD 101412. High-resolution CRIRES spectra reveal unusually sharp features which suggest the emission is formed in a thin disk centered at 1 AU with a width 0.32 AU or less. A wider disk will not fit the observations. Previous observations have reached similar conclusions, but the crispness of the new material brings the emitting region into sharp focus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Antihydrogen production by charge exchange reaction between Positronium atoms and antiprotons requires efficient excitation of Positronium atoms up to high-n levels (Rydberg levels). A two-step optical excitation, the first from ground to and the second from this level to a Rydberg level, is proposed and a suitable laser system is discussed. The requirements on the energy and bandwidth of the excitation laser suggest the use of optical parametric generation technology for both wavelengths. The laser system is composed by two subsystems: one for the generation of 205nm radiation and the other for the generation of 1670nm radiation. We have separately developed and tested the laser sources and results are here presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We present high-resolution, high signal-to-noise UVES spectra of AO Vel, a quadruple system containing an eclipsing BpSi star. From these observations, we reconstruct the spectra of the individual components and perform an abundance analysis of all four stellar members. We found that all components are chemically peculiar with different abundance patterns. In particular, the two less massive stars show typical characteristics of HgMn stars. The two most massive stars in the system show variable line profiles indicating the presence of chemical spots. Given the youth of the system and the notable chemical peculiarities of their components, this system could give important insights in the origin of chemical anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16: 267–273 The present study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of different European reference laboratories in diagnosing helminths and intestinal protozoa, using an ether-concentration method applied to sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin (SAF)-preserved faecal samples. In total, 102 stool specimens were analysed during a cross-sectional parasitological survey in urban farming communities in Côte d’Ivoire. Five SAF-preserved faecal samples were prepared from each specimen and forwarded to the participating reference laboratories, processed and examined under a microscope adhering to a standard operating procedure (SOP). Schistosoma mansoni (cumulative prevalence: 51.0%) and hookworm (cumulative prevalence: 39.2%) were the predominant helminths. There was excellent agreement (κ > 0.8; p < 0.001) among the reference laboratories for the diagnosis of S. mansoni, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. Moderate agreement (κ = 0.54) was found for Hymenolepis nana, and lesser agreement was observed for other, less prevalent helminths. The predominant intestinal protozoa were Entamoeba coli (median prevalence: 67.6%), Blastocystis hominis (median prevalence: 55.9%) and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (median prevalence: 47.1%). Substantial agreement among reference laboratories was found for E. coli (κ = 0.69), but only fair or moderate agreement was found for other Entamoeba species, Giardia intestinalis and Chilomastix mesnili. There was only poor agreement for B. hominis, Isospora belli and Trichomonas intestinalis. In conclusion, although common helminths were reliably diagnosed by European reference laboratories, there was only moderate agreement between centres for pathogenic intestinal protozoa. Continued external quality assessment and the establishment of a formal network of reference laboratories is necessary to further enhance both accuracy and uniformity in parasite diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A radiofrequency electron gun followed by a compressor can generate trains of subpicosecond electron pulses by illuminating the photocathode with a comb laser pulse. This kind of electron beams can generate trains of single radiation spikes in a SASE-FEL. The dynamics of different electron beam trains traveling in an accelerator is investigated by PARMELA simulations. A set of parameters relative to the SPARC machine are studied with the intent of generating a train of single radiation spikes in a 500nm SASE-FEL. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Large wavelength shifts of infrared triplet lines of Ca ii have been observed in the spectra of HgMn and magnetic Ap stars. They have been attributed to the heavy calcium isotopes, including 48Ca. One member of the triplet, λ8542, had been either unavailable, or of poor quality in earlier spectra. The present material shows conclusively that the stellar λ8542 shifts are consistent with an interpretation in terms of 48Ca. We find no relation between isotopic shifts of the Ca ii triplet lines, and those of Hg iiλ3984. There is a marginal indication that the shifts are anticorrelated with the surface field strengths of the magnetic stars. We see sparse evidence for 48Ca in other chemically peculiar stars, for example, Am stars, metal-poor stars or chemically peculiar red giants. However, the sample is still very small, and the wavelengths of all three triplet lines, including those in the Sun, show slight positive shifts with respect to terrestrial positions. Some profiles of the Ca ii infrared triplet in the magnetic stars show extensive wings beyond a well-defined core. We can obtain reasonable fits to these profiles using a stratified calcium abundance similar to that used by previous workers. There is no indication that either the stratification or the Zeeman effect significantly disturbs the measurement of isotope shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The European Travel Health Advisory Board conducted a cross-sectional pilot survey to evaluate current travel health knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) and to determine where travelers going to developing countries obtain travel health information, what information they receive, and what preventive travel health measures they employ.Method: Trained interviewers invited passengers at the departure gates of three international airports: London Heathrow, Paris Charles de Gaulle, and Munich to respond to a self-completion questionnaire. A total of 609 responses were collected.Results: The study showed that more than one-third of travelers questioned had not sought pretravel health advice and of those who did, over 20% sought advice 14 days or less prior to travel. One-third of the respondents were aged 50 or more, and 20% had planned their trip less than 2 weeks before leaving. Only a minority were able to demonstrate that they had been immunised as per the World Health Organization or national recommendations. Respondents often misperceived both the risk of malaria at the destination and recommended preventive measures.Conclusions: The results of this pilot survey provided a valuable insight into the KAP of travelers and highlighted an important educational need among those traveling to risk destinations. Strategies are needed for raising awareness of preventable travel health issues and for raising compliance with existing recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Placental malaria is recognized as a common complication of malaria in pregnancy in areas of stable transmission, and is particularly frequent and severe in primigravidae. Many hypotheses, based on a systemic or local failure of the immunological response to malaria, have been proposed to explain the 'preference' of the parasites for replication in the placenta. Some of the hypotheses are briefly reviewed here, with a particular focus on the discovery of an uncommon subpopulation of Plasmodium falciparum which can adhere and massively sequester in the placenta. Histologically, placental malaria is characterized by the presence of parasites and leucocytes within the intervillous spaces, pigment within macrophages, fibrin deposits and trophoblasts, proliferation of cytotrophoblastic cells and thickening of the trophoblastic basement membrane. The exact mechanisms leading to placental changes and determining the observed impairment of materno-foetal exchange are incompletely understood. Parasites are unlikely to be directly responsible for the placental pathology, but leucocytes, through the production of non-chemotactic cytokines, might be associated with the thickening of the trophoblastic basement membrane, and might cause a mechanical blockage of oxygen and nutrient transport across the placenta. There is sound epidemiological evidence that placental malaria determines low birthweight, mainly mediated by intrauterine growth retardation, and increases the risk of death and disease during the first year of life. Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis significantly reduces placental malaria and prevents the development of low birthweight. It is likely that, in areas of high endemicity, the placenta is where the drama of maternal malaria is mostly played. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process is of key importance in the design of protective interventions which are effective and acceptable during the gestation period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]